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A compact experiment aimed at enhancing cybersecurity for future space missions is operational in Europe’s Columbus module of the International Space Station, running in part on a Raspberry Pi Zero computer costing just a few euros.
“Our CryptIC experiment is testing technological solutions to make encryption-based secure communication feasible for even the smallest of space missions,” explains ESA software product assurance engineer Emmanuel Lesser. “This is commonplace on Earth, using for example symmetric encryption where both sides of the communication link share the same encryption key.
“In orbit the problem has been that space radiation effects can compromise the key within computer memory causing ‘bit-flips’. This disrupts the communication, as the key on ground and the one in space no longer match. Up to now this had been a problem that requires dedicated – and expensive – rad-hardened devices to overcome.”
Satellites in Earth orbit might be physically remote, but still potentially vulnerable to hacking. Up until recently most satellite signals went unencrypted, and this remains true for many of the smallest, cheapest mission types, such as miniature CubeSats
But as services delivered by satellites of all sizes form an increasing element of everyday life, interest in assured satellite cybersecurity is growing, and a focus of ESA’s new Technology Strategy for this November’s Space19+ Ministerial Council
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CryptIC, or Cryptography ICE Cube, - the beige box towards the top of the image, has been a low-cost development, developed in-house by ESA’s Software Product Assurance section and flown on the ISS as part of the International Commercial Experiments service – ICE Cubes for short. ICE Cubes offer fast, simple and affordable access for research and technology experiments in microgravity using compact cubes. CryptIC measures just 10x10x10 cm.
“A major part of the experiment relies on a standard Raspberry Pi Zero computer,” adds Emmanuel. “This cheap hardware is more or less flying exactly as we bought it; the only difference is it has had to be covered with a plastic ‘conformal’ coating, to fulfil standard ISS safety requirements.”
The orbital experiment is operated simply via a laptop at ESA’s ESTEC
technical centre in the Netherlands, routed via the ICE Cubes operator, Space Applications Services in Brussels.
“We’re testing two related approaches to the encryption problem for non rad-hardened systems,” explains ESA Young Graduate Trainee Lukas Armborst. “The first is a method of re-exchanging the encryption key if it gets corrupted. This needs to be done in a secure and reliable way, to restore the secure link very quickly. This relies on a secondary fall-back base key, which is wired into the hardware so it cannot be compromised. However, this hardware solution can only be done for a limited number of keys, reducing flexibility.
“The second is an experimental hardware reconfiguration approach which can recover rapidly if the encryption key is compromised by radiation-triggered memory ‘bit flips’. A number of microprocessor cores are inside CryptIC as customisable, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), rather than fixed computer chips. These cores are redundant copies of the same functionality. Accordingly, if one core fails then another can step in, while the faulty core reloads its configuration, thereby repairing itself.”
In addition the payload carries a compact ‘floating gate’ dosimeter to measure radiation levels co-developed by CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research, as part of a broader cooperation agreement
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And as a guest payload, a number of computer flash memories are being evaluated for their orbital performance, a follow-on version of ESA’s ‘Chimera’ experiment which flew on last year’s GomX-4B CubeSat
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The experiment had its ISS-mandated electromagnetic compatibility testing carried out in ESTEC’s EMC Laboratory
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“CryptIC has now completed commissioning and is already returning radiation data, being shared with our CERN colleagues,” adds Emmanuel. “Our encryption testing is set to begin in a few weeks, once we’ve automated the operating process, and is expected to run continuously for at least a year.”
Credits: ESA; CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
31233 which failed at Shrewsbury was on rear of 3z01 Shrewsbury - Derby RTC,97302 was the leading locomotive.passing Cosford station on 11/01/2015
It's Christmas time, and there's no need to be afraid
At Christmas time, we let in light and banish shade
And in our world of plenty
We can spread a smile of joy
Throw your arms around the world
At Christmas time
But say a prayer and pray for the other ones
At Christmas time, it's hard but while you're having fun
There's a world outside your window
And it's a world of dread and fear
Where a kiss of love can kill you
And there's death in every tear
And the Christmas bells that ring there are the clanging chimes of doom
Well tonight we're reaching out and touching you
Bring peace and joy this Christmas to West Africa
A song of hope they'll have is being alive
Why is comfort deadly fear
Why is to touch to be scared
How can they know it's Christmas time at all
Here's to you
Raise a glass to everyone
Here's to them
And all their years to come
Can they know it's Christmas time at all
Feed the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Feed the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Heal the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Feed the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Heal the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Heal the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Feed the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Heal the world, let them know it's Christmas time again
Heal the world
P.S.
What is love❗️⁉️
I believe that love, in all its forms, is a powerful energy. As humans, we have the ability to transform it into something radiant. It is an understanding that we are all small particles of time and the universe. Love means caring about the well-being of others more than just focusing on our own interests. If someone is in need, ill, or hungry, it becomes our shared responsibility. It’s a problem we all face together! There's no “I” only “WE”.
If I had to choose my favorite photo of the year that would be this one. Not Italy, not Las Vegas or even Brooklyn Bridge. When I saw this vinyl it was an instant love at first sight. I ask myself often when I travel what if people live differently? What if they terminally ill? What if they don’t have enough strength to move or travel or even to drive 45 minutes to see another location? What if they are unhappy? What if they made irresponsible mistakes? What if their situation is not something that can be reversed? What if they are 95 or 99 years old? What if everything is behind. What if your dreams failed you? What if there’s no happy ending?
What inspires you? Music? Music that has a meaning?
When I look at this vinyl… It’s name, colors; yellow, black & red heart. The name “Band-Aid”… There’s no “happy ending” or “ending”… One just has to apply a band-aid over its own heart and continue making this world a better. Maybe that’s what keeps this planet still moving not just happiness & smiles but billions of small band-aids on the hearts of billions just like yours. Are
Whilst waiting on a late running diverted Freight, not only did I get a Grand Central Power Car running north, but I also got a 67 hauling a failed 225 set.
67024 is seen hauling the failed set through Prestonpans. The set consisted of an unidentified DVT and 91102. This was running as 5G22, Edinburgh Waverley to Bounds Green
2/1/16 at 1521
8F, 48431 had been dumped in the yard at Oakworth on the 9th December 1995, having failed on a Santa Special. It made quite a nice glint shot. I wonder whether we'll ever see it in traffic again.
This male intruder tried to impress the female in the nest - at the end he gave up and left amidst the loud protest from the female.
© All rights reserved. Use without permission is illegal. Unauthorized use, copy, editing, reproduction, publication, duplication and distribution of my photos, or any portion of them, is not allowed.
Story about this shot
It has been a long time again. I planned to continue working on this project at the beginning of october, but things turned out differently - as always. This is the second out of two strangers I did during the last three days … and in this month. And it's the first stranger I did in Berlin, Friedrichshain to be exact. I met our stranger yesterday after having a break from an extensive bike trip with a friend.
About dog holder in this project
I wanted to do a dog holder from the very beginning of this series. I had three attempts … #Fail. #Fail. #Fail.
Because three out of four dogs take their masters for a walk - they never obeyed.
I talked to these two because of the fact that this dog was taking out off leash in a very crowded area. A small hint of a classic division of roles between dog and master ;-)
Dog holder - check!
About this stranger
Meet Basti, 32 years old - from Munich. He has been living in Berlin for about three years now. It was nice talking to him - he was very open and has a wonderful dry sense of humour.
Basti loves to cook and is probably the best guy to be guest at a dinner. No matter what you are: Vegetarian, vegan or carnivore.
He is a qualified business man and owned a bike shop for about 9 years. But he now works as a snowboard teacher. Munich might be the better spot to live as a snowboard teacher. But Munich is Munich and Berlin is Berlin. My choice would be Berlin, too.
Unfortunately with every season he has to take leave … the next working period of three months starts in just two weeks. Goodbye Berlin ...
Is there a someone who has to deal with all this? He met a girl a couple of weeks ago … both are really excited and looking forward to what happens next. That's all he could say about it.
He did a lot during the last years - not only job related? But there has been a constant in his life through all these years. A dog he took 10 years ago from a spanish animal shelter. Named simply after what the dog is to him: Amigo.
The secret star of triptych #24 must be Basti's best friend and center of his life: Amigo.
Who else could he be than "The Constant Friend"
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sets Berlin, Triptychs of Strangers or People | follow flickr, google+, tumblr or twitter
After attempting to phot the Slag train in the station whilst static and failing dramatically as it was late and didn't stop, I opted for this shot looking over at Barrow Carriage Sidings. Ignore the flare as I've lost my lens hood.
After hearing the IAIS 513 might be leading CBBI I decided I would go to Utica, IL to catch it. Well I heard some radio traffic the dispatcher was talking to BNSF 7492 all I could say was crap I really said S@#T. But oh well this train BNSF CP and four NS unit's it's just something you don't expect on the IAIS. At least the picture came out alright. 7-4-14
Not really the way I imagined capturing number 150 of this years photo a day project. After receiving my new trigger trap dongle and flash adapter this week I was really looking forward to giving it a go on the bursting balloon shot. This was the best I got from nearly 100 shots and the same amount of balloons! There just seemed to be too much of a delay between the balloon popping and the flash firing. If anyone else out there has had more success with this gadget then I'd love to hear about it and what I'm doing wrong!
Epic fail Guess this shot is what you can describe with "epic fail". Was out with my cam the night before to do some street shots and had it configured for ISO6400. The day after I went with my tripod to the woods next to my office to get some nice shots and recognised at home all my shots had been taken with ISO6400 :( Noise is there, but nevertheless I like this shot. Shot taken with #xpro2 and #xf23 1.4 Wish you all the best! Processed in #Lightroom using #vsco #ektachrome64T++ color curve and #classicchrome camera profile. Instagram: ift.tt/2cgftuS Facebook: ift.tt/2cegMFT via 500px ift.tt/2pKX6Ej
Diana+ und ein Fuji Superia Iso 100. Negativscan. Man, da ist so einiges schief gelaufen :D Nina Hagen: Farbfilm
february 26, 2012
i hate the hand and all the left part of the pic to be honest but whatever the eyes were so hypnotising
in this photo: me.
self timer, please press L
It's been a full and interesting week of work, today will be the 5th photo-shoot of the week, and each one a very different subject. Back on Tuesday i did a location shoot with the band "When Prophecy Fails"
Had a great time shooting with these guys, if you do facebook, head over to www.facebook.com/WhenProphecyFails?fref=ts and give them a LIKE.
Shot a lot of different styles, not sure yet which one they will choose as the cover for their new EP, you can see all the choices (around 150 shots) in the 'galleries' section of my website.
Might try and set up a little facebook vote for it this evening, if anyone has done something like that before and has any tips?
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©2013 Jason Swain, All Rights Reserved
This image is not available for use on websites, blogs or other media without the explicit written permission of the photographer.
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Links to facebook and twitter can be found on my flickr profile
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Even if we may fail, we will try. Regardless of what anyone says, it is better to live life the way we want.
I gave her a face up yesterday, but that was harder than I believed it would be.
At some point I even wished I had bought the painted head.
And after working really hard to have the weekend off....
Sun was promised, instead I got rain and grey skies. So I still can't make any pictures outside and that's really frustrating.
I changed her eyes and wig.
The wig is a Monique bubble cut wig. I love Monique wigs, they are synthetic mohair, so soft and natural looking.
I hope you are able to see that she's got two different eyes. I liked that. Unfortunately the weather is so bad that I can't even make a normal picture inside :(
They are anime style eyes from Parabox. All bought at Think Pink! I love that store!
I made the skirt and her head bands. The top is from a Barbie fashion pack.
Now I need to redo her face up, but the rain pulled me from my doll mood.
I may have failed this year but next year I will be back and ready to SHIP!
I have learned a few valuable lessons from this year and from my first (still in progress) SHIP:-
1) Dedicate a few extra days (not just weekends, like this time) to actual building!
2) Have my collection sorted and ready to go, BEFORE September (I lost at least a day and a half sorting bricks so that I could find things).
3) Use LDD to sketch out ideas early in the process (rather than the more hit and miss 'start building and see what happens' method that I used this year) so that I know what I am working with and aiming for, and tied to this......
4)..... work out earlier the bricks I need from Bricklink so that I don't end up having to make important but late orders (which shot me in the foot this year - I am still waiting for my final order to come!!)
5) Maybe ease back on the play function details :-s As much as I love to add them, it does take me time to sort them out and get them working (I spent waaay too much time on my harpoons this year!)
6) Make sure that I get involved next time and have at least as much fun as I had this year! Even though I didn't finish in time, I have really loved the whole vibe of SHIPtember. It has certainly given my building a much needed boost and it has been great seeing everyone get fired up about building SHIPs and turning out some outstanding creations (even the unfinished ones!)
Are there any more months with building challenges? I know that we are now in MA.Ktober, but I am not sure I can do that one :-s Perhaps GARC does need a month? (even though it is still badass!)