Pictures with the title "308"
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13-05-2023: turbulent sky in the evening.
After years of suffering, finally the ghost/temporary lake of Cerknica (it is a karstic lake as better specified in many photos of the past) returns to cover, over the long term, a vast surface of its large basin, which measures 40km2 and can be covered with water almost totally, something that hasn't happened since March 2018, roughly.
In these cases it becomes, by far, the largest lake in Slovenija (up to almost 4x Lake Bohinj), although with a low average depth, mainly between 0.5 and 2m, facilitating rich vegetation and aquatic fauna composed of still water fish (the biggest are Carp, Chub, Tench and Pike) and a large variety of amphibians.
The lake is also rich in poultry fauna, in particular storks and gray herons, and many migrant species.
Unfortunately in 2022, for the first time in its history (those who follow my photostream probably remember it, with "my area" shots inserted in strictly chronological order), the drying up of all the not embanked large part (the embanked part represents just 0.1% of the entire lake basin and was in any case reduced by 90%), caused an incalculable death of fish, while a significant part of amphibians survived by digging deep burrows in the mud.
This is just to say that you can't have "the wine bottle full and be drunk", as people would like expecting to be in the shade of lush vegetation wanting sun for 365 days a year.
It is ONLY thanks to my beloved "bad weather" that a healthy and flourishing nature can be appreciated.
The 2020 Ferrari 812 Superfast is an example of what happens when an automaker commits to crafting a vehicle that offers the best performance money can buy. With almost 800 horses under the hood, this coupe provides brutish power, facilitating a zero-to-60-mph sprint that clocks in at less than three seconds. Fuel economy is poor, and the 812 Superfast's $330,000-plus price makes it accessible only to the very privileged few. Still, if you have deep pockets and a thirst for spectacular handling, this skilled Ferrari won't disappoint.
Ferrari's 812 Superfast gets its muscle from a 6.5-liter V-12 powerplant, and this engine delivers a bracing 788 horsepower and 529 lb-ft of torque. A seven-speed automatic transmission sends power to the rear wheels. The 812 Superfast holds a place among the quickest of the quick. In our track tests, it sprinted from zero to 60 mph in a scant 2.8 seconds. That's a dazzling performance, but it trails that of the McLaren 720S. That car made the run in just 2.7 seconds. Handling is nimble, especially when you consider this Ferrari's relatively hefty curb weight. The engine note is mellifluous, and the car's brakes are potent enough to bring this beast to a quick and decisive standstill.
Thanks to Car And Driver for the above.
Rathaus underground station in Cologne, Germany
A pleasing contrast of midnight blue and silvery gleam
When completed, the new north–south suburban railway line in Cologne will have eight stops. While the last stretch of the line is scheduled to come into operation in 2016, Rathaus station has already proven itself fit for everyday operation. Located directly beneath the historic market, Rathaus underground station provides quick and convenient access to the centre of Cologne's historic Altstadt (old town) district, which was previously only accessible by bus.
The station, covering almost 3,000 m², lies 16 metres below ground. Its design is characterised by a fresh contrast of midnight blue and silver. A large proportion of the wall area is velvety-smooth blue, while the ceilings and certain sections of the walls are a shiny silver. The walls and ceilings are clad in hot-dip galvanised and powdercoated steel sheet modules, which are perforated in the ceiling area so that they also absorb sound.
Above the entrances, main traffic areas and footpaths throughout the station, WE-EF DOC240 recessed exterior downlights ensure excellent visibility and safety as well as aid orientation. The luminaires had to be integrated into various building situations – either installed in circular sections of the expanded metal ceilings or combined with an installation tube and mounted directly on the concrete ceilings. The DOC240 downlights in the underground station have proven to be versatile, not just in terms of the installation and mounting options, but also in relation to lighting techniques.
While the stairways and escalators are illuminated from a relatively high position, the height between floors in the main traffic areas is rather low. With different light sources in varying wattages – in this case HIT and CFL lamps, and two symmetric light distributions [M] medium and [EE] very narrow beam – the WE-EF luminaires provide exactly the right amount of light for the unique spaces.
All DOC240 downlights used in this project are fitted with vibration protection in order to extend their service life. Luminaires mounted at especially high installation positions are equipped with a device to lower the luminaire to facilitate ease of maintenance.
Architects:
Lighting Designer:Lichtdesign Ingenieurgesellschaft m.b.H., Prof. Heinrich Kramer, Cologne
The Mallard, or Wild duck (Anas platyrhynchos[1]), probably the best-known and most recognizable of all ducks, is a dabbling duck which breeds throughout the temperate and sub-tropical Americas, Europe, Asia, New Zealand (where it is currently the most common duck species), and Australia.
The male birds have a bright green head, while the female's is light brown. The Mallard lives in wetlands, eats water plants, and is gregarious. It is also migratory. The Mallard is the ancestor of all domestic ducks, and can interbreed with other species of genus Anas.[2] This interbreeding is causing rarer species of ducks to become genetically diluted.
The Mallard is 56–65 centimetres (22–26 in) long, has a wingspan of 81–98 centimetres (32–39 in), and weighs 0.9–1.2 kilograms (32–42 oz). The breeding male is unmistakable, with a bright green head, black rear end and a yellowish orange (can also contain some red) bill tipped with black (as opposed to the dark brown bill in females), and is also nature's most feared duck. The female Mallard is light brown, like most female dabbling ducks. However, both the female and male Mallards have distinct purple speculum edged with white, prominent in flight or at rest (though temporarily shed during the annual summer moult). In non-breeding (eclipse) plumage the drake becomes drab, looking more like the female, but still distinguishable by its yellow bill and reddish breast.
In captivity, domestic ducks come in wild-type plumages, white, and other colours. Most of these colour variants are also known in domestic Mallards not bred as livestock, but kept as pets, aviary birds, etc., where they are rare but increasing in availability.
A noisy species, the male has a nasal call, the female has a "quack" stereotypically associated with ducks.[3]
The Mallard is a rare example of both Allen's Rule and Bergmann's Rule in birds. Bergmann's Rule, which states that polar forms tend to be larger than related ones from warmer climates, has numerous examples in birds. Allen's Rule says that appendages like ears tend to be smaller in polar forms to minimize heat loss, and larger in tropical and desert equivalents to facilitate heat diffusion, and that the polar taxa are stockier overall. Examples of this rule in birds are rare, as they lack external ears. However, the bill of ducks is very well supplied with blood vessels and is vulnerable to cold.
2020 is very likely to be the last winter for the Sandouling open cast coal pit in China and thus the use of steam traction at this facility will cease.
With reserves nearly depleted the future of the mine will be reviewed in April/May.
Here we see stalwart traction for the coal trains in the form of Class JS 2-8-2 locomotive No 8190. She was built in the mid 80s and is still going strong today.
The area is on the edge of the Gobi desert and is largely featureless and expansive. This man made hole facilitates the removal of the coal from the mine at Xikang to the washery at Xuanmechang. From there it is transferred for onward transportation by diesel locomotive being loaded in the Nanzhen freight yards.
Temperatures during my visit ranged from -7 to -23.
Unusually for the area there was some prolonged snowfall. The area is usually bone dry the last light covering of snow being in 2012.
With the way the UP is running away from small time business with stupid PSR mentality, I was surprised to see way out here in no man's land the UP still has a land locked job at Winona. The CP's local is doing some interchange work as they shove into the UP yard. There was a big block of grain that came off the CP's Waseca side probably bound for one of these facilitates along the Mississippi River in Winona?
Liisa Sorsa, principal of Think Link Graphics, produced this graphic in real time as I spoke at a conference of GE communicators held in Orlando in March 2011. She produced similar graphics for each speaker, producing a record that supports both textual and graphical elements.
Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of many of the buildings that, from 1699 to 1780, formed colonial Virginia's capital. The capital straddled the boundary of two of the original shires of Virginia, James City Shire (now James City County), and Charles River Shire (now York County). For most of the 18th century, Williamsburg was the center of government, education and culture in the Colony of Virginia.
Colonial Williamsburg is meant to be an interpretation of a Colonial American city, with exhibits including dozens of authentic or accurately-recreated colonial houses and relating to American Revolutionary War history. Prominent buildings in Colonial Williamsburg include the Raleigh Tavern, the Capitol, The Governor's Palace, and Bruton Parish Church. However, rather than simply an effort to preserve antiquity, the combination of extensive restoration and thoughtful recreation of the entire colonial town facilitates envisioning the atmosphere and understanding the ideals of 18th century American revolutionary leaders. It was here that Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, James Madison, George Wythe, Peyton Randolph, and dozens more helped mold democracy in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States.
The Historic Area is located just east of the College of William and Mary, founded at Middle Plantation in 1693, just prior to the establishment of the town as capital of Virginia and its renaming. The university's historic Wren Building stands at the west end of Duke of Gloucester Street.
Colonial Williamsburg is a major source of tourism to Williamsburg, as well as a touchstone for many world leaders and heads of state, including U.S. Presidents. The United States hosted the first World Economic Conference at Colonial Williamsburg in 1983. It is the centerpiece of the surrounding Historic Triangle of Virginia area, which has become a popular tourist destination for visitors domestic and foreign. The other two points of the Historic Triangle are Jamestown and Yorktown.
Contents
Early in the 20th century, the restoration and recreation of Colonial Williamsburg, one of the largest historic restorations ever undertaken, was championed by the Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin and the patriarch of the Rockefeller family, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., along with the active participation of his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller, who wanted to celebrate the patriots and the early history of the United States.
Many of the missing Colonial structures were reconstructed on their original sites during the 1930s. Other structures were restored to the best estimates of how they would have looked during the eighteenth century, with all traces of later buildings and improvements removed. Dependency structures and animals help complete the ambiance. Most buildings are open for tourists to look through, with the exception of several buildings that serve as residences for Colonial Williamsburg employees.
Notable structures include the large Capitol and the Governor's Palace, each carefully recreated and landscaped as closely as possible to original 18th century specifications, as well as Bruton Parish Church and the Raleigh Tavern.
The major goal of the Restoration was not to merely preserve or recreate the physical environment of the colonial period, but to facilitate education about the origins of the idea of America, which was conceived during many decades before the American Revolution.
In this environment, Colonial Williamsburg strives to tell the story of how diverse peoples, having different and sometimes conflicting ambitions, evolved into a society that valued liberty and equality.
Excerpt from www.k11musea.com/about-k11-musea/:
Located at Victoria Dockside, K11 Art and Cultural District of Tsim Sha Tsui, K11 MUSEA is Hong Kong’s pioneering cultural-retail landmark. Inspired by ‘A Muse by the Sea’, K11 MUSEA is designed to enrich the new consumer’s daily life through the power of creativity, culture and innovation.
A destination 10 years in the making, K11 MUSEA was crafted by renowned entrepreneur Adrian Cheng together with 100 Creative Powers, a roster of more than 100 international architects, artists and designers who sought to create the ultimate space for all to embark on a “journey of imagination”. Since opening its doors in 2019, the museum-worthy landmark has ushered in a new era of cultural retail which speaks to the growing consumer demand for immersive experiences in art, culture, nature and commerce.
K11 Group was founded by renowned entrepreneur Adrian Cheng in 2008 with a social mission to incubate talent and propagate culture. In creating Victoria Dockside, K11 Art and Cultural District — K11 Group’s most ambitious project to date — Cheng’s vision is to inspire global millennials through establishing K11 MUSEA as the Silicon Valley of Culture, while facilitating a broader discussion on the interconnectedness of creativity, culture and innovation.
K11 MUSEA is located at the heart of Victoria Dockside,K11 Art and Cultural District. The art and design district is built on a historic site formerly known as Holt’s Wharf, a freight and logistics hub that transformed Hong Kong into one of the busiest ports in the world. Paying tribute to Hong Kong’s unique history and cultural cosmopolitanism, K11 MUSEA is committed to incubating the local cultural scene with a world-class rotation of art events, collaborations, experiences, and workshops throughout the year.
The architecture of K11 MUSEA was designed by Kohn Pedersen Fox and James Corner Field Operations in collaboration with 100 Creative Powers, including Rotterdam-based OMA and Hong Kong-based architecture studios LAAB and AB Concept.
The road network of Madagascar, comprising about 4,500 unique roads spanning 31,640 kilometers (19,660 mi), is designed primarily to facilitate transportation to and from Antananarivo, the Malagasy capital. Transportation on these roads, most of which are unpaved and two lanes wide, is often dangerous. Few Malagasy own private vehicles; long-distance travel is often accomplished in taxi brousses ('bush taxis') which may be shared by 20 or more people.
While most primary roads are in good condition, the World Food Programme has classified nearly two-thirds of the overall road network as being in poor condition. These conditions may make it dangerous to drive at moderate-to-high speeds and dahalo (bandit) attacks pose a threat at low speeds. Many roads are impassable during Madagascar's wet season; some bridges (often narrow, one-lane structures) are vulnerable to being swept away. Few rural Malagasy live near a road in good condition; poor road connectivity may pose challenges in health care, agriculture, and education.
Drivers in Madagascar travel on the right side of the road. On some roads, to deter attacks from dahalo, the government of Madagascar requires that drivers travel in convoys of at least ten vehicles. Car collision fatalities are not fully reported, but the rate is estimated to be among the highest in the world. Random police checkpoints, at which travelers are required to produce identity documents, are spread throughout the country. Crops are transported by ox cart locally and by truck inter-regionally. Human-powered vehicles, once the only means of road transport, are still found in the form of pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Taxi brousses constitute a rudimentary road-based public transportation system in Madagascar. Rides on taxi brousses cost as little as 200 Malagasy ariary (roughly US$0.10) as of 2005, and vehicles involved are often overpacked, sometimes with the assistant driver riding on the outside of the vehicle. Stops on their routes are generally not fixed, allowing passengers to exit at arbitrary points.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_in_Madagascar
www.roadtripafrica.com/madagascar/practical-info/driving-...
internationaldriversassociation.com/madagascar-driving-gu...
La red de carreteras de Madagascar, que comprende alrededor de 4.500 carreteras únicas que abarcan 31.640 kilómetros (19.660 millas), está diseñada principalmente para facilitar el transporte hacia y desde Antananarivo, la capital malgache. El transporte por estas carreteras, la mayoría de las cuales no están pavimentadas y tienen dos carriles de ancho, suele ser peligroso. Son pocos los malgaches que poseen vehículos privados; Los viajes de larga distancia a menudo se realizan en taxis ("taxis rurales") que pueden ser compartidos por 20 o más personas.
Si bien la mayoría de las carreteras principales están en buenas condiciones, el Programa Mundial de Alimentos ha clasificado casi dos tercios de la red vial general como en malas condiciones. Estas condiciones pueden hacer que sea peligroso conducir a velocidades de moderadas a altas y los ataques de dahalo (bandidos) representan una amenaza a bajas velocidades. Muchas carreteras son intransitables durante la estación húmeda de Madagascar; algunos puentes (a menudo estructuras estrechas de un solo carril) son vulnerables a ser arrastrados. Son pocos los malgaches rurales que viven cerca de una carretera en buenas condiciones; La mala conectividad vial puede plantear desafíos en la atención de salud, la agricultura y la educación.
Los conductores en Madagascar circulan por el lado derecho de la carretera. En algunas carreteras, para disuadir los ataques desde Dahalo, el gobierno de Madagascar exige que los conductores viajen en convoyes de al menos diez vehículos. Las muertes por colisiones automovilísticas no se informan en su totalidad, pero se estima que la tasa se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo. Por todo el país hay puestos de control policial aleatorios, en los que los viajeros deben presentar documentos de identidad. Los cultivos se transportan en carretas de bueyes a nivel local y en camiones a nivel interregional. Los vehículos de propulsión humana, que alguna vez fueron el único medio de transporte por carretera, todavía se encuentran en forma de pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Los taxis constituyen un rudimentario sistema de transporte público por carretera en Madagascar. Los viajes en taxi cuestan tan solo 200 ariary malgaches (aproximadamente 0,10 dólares estadounidenses) en 2005, y los vehículos involucrados suelen estar demasiado llenos, a veces con el asistente del conductor viajando en el exterior del vehículo. Las paradas en sus rutas generalmente no son fijas, lo que permite a los pasajeros salir en puntos arbitrarios.
traslashuellasdemir.com/destinos-irresistibles/madagascar...
internationaldriversassociation.com/es/madagascar-driving...
The road network of Madagascar, comprising about 4,500 unique roads spanning 31,640 kilometers (19,660 mi), is designed primarily to facilitate transportation to and from Antananarivo, the Malagasy capital. Transportation on these roads, most of which are unpaved and two lanes wide, is often dangerous. Few Malagasy own private vehicles; long-distance travel is often accomplished in taxi brousses ('bush taxis') which may be shared by 20 or more people.
While most primary roads are in good condition, the World Food Programme has classified nearly two-thirds of the overall road network as being in poor condition. These conditions may make it dangerous to drive at moderate-to-high speeds and dahalo (bandit) attacks pose a threat at low speeds. Many roads are impassable during Madagascar's wet season; some bridges (often narrow, one-lane structures) are vulnerable to being swept away. Few rural Malagasy live near a road in good condition; poor road connectivity may pose challenges in health care, agriculture, and education.
Drivers in Madagascar travel on the right side of the road. On some roads, to deter attacks from dahalo, the government of Madagascar requires that drivers travel in convoys of at least ten vehicles. Car collision fatalities are not fully reported, but the rate is estimated to be among the highest in the world. Random police checkpoints, at which travelers are required to produce identity documents, are spread throughout the country. Crops are transported by ox cart locally and by truck inter-regionally. Human-powered vehicles, once the only means of road transport, are still found in the form of pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Taxi brousses constitute a rudimentary road-based public transportation system in Madagascar. Rides on taxi brousses cost as little as 200 Malagasy ariary (roughly US$0.10) as of 2005, and vehicles involved are often overpacked, sometimes with the assistant driver riding on the outside of the vehicle. Stops on their routes are generally not fixed, allowing passengers to exit at arbitrary points.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Driving_in_Madagascar
www.roadtripafrica.com/madagascar/practical-info/driving-...
internationaldriversassociation.com/madagascar-driving-gu...
La red de carreteras de Madagascar, que comprende alrededor de 4.500 carreteras únicas que abarcan 31.640 kilómetros (19.660 millas), está diseñada principalmente para facilitar el transporte hacia y desde Antananarivo, la capital malgache. El transporte por estas carreteras, la mayoría de las cuales no están pavimentadas y tienen dos carriles de ancho, suele ser peligroso. Son pocos los malgaches que poseen vehículos privados; Los viajes de larga distancia a menudo se realizan en taxis ("taxis rurales") que pueden ser compartidos por 20 o más personas.
Si bien la mayoría de las carreteras principales están en buenas condiciones, el Programa Mundial de Alimentos ha clasificado casi dos tercios de la red vial general como en malas condiciones. Estas condiciones pueden hacer que sea peligroso conducir a velocidades de moderadas a altas y los ataques de dahalo (bandidos) representan una amenaza a bajas velocidades. Muchas carreteras son intransitables durante la estación húmeda de Madagascar; algunos puentes (a menudo estructuras estrechas de un solo carril) son vulnerables a ser arrastrados. Son pocos los malgaches rurales que viven cerca de una carretera en buenas condiciones; La mala conectividad vial puede plantear desafíos en la atención de salud, la agricultura y la educación.
Los conductores en Madagascar circulan por el lado derecho de la carretera. En algunas carreteras, para disuadir los ataques desde Dahalo, el gobierno de Madagascar exige que los conductores viajen en convoyes de al menos diez vehículos. Las muertes por colisiones automovilísticas no se informan en su totalidad, pero se estima que la tasa se encuentra entre las más altas del mundo. Por todo el país hay puestos de control policial aleatorios, en los que los viajeros deben presentar documentos de identidad. Los cultivos se transportan en carretas de bueyes a nivel local y en camiones a nivel interregional. Los vehículos de propulsión humana, que alguna vez fueron el único medio de transporte por carretera, todavía se encuentran en forma de pousse-pousses (rickshaws). Los taxis constituyen un rudimentario sistema de transporte público por carretera en Madagascar. Los viajes en taxi cuestan tan solo 200 ariary malgaches (aproximadamente 0,10 dólares estadounidenses) en 2005, y los vehículos involucrados suelen estar demasiado llenos, a veces con el asistente del conductor viajando en el exterior del vehículo. Las paradas en sus rutas generalmente no son fijas, lo que permite a los pasajeros salir en puntos arbitrarios.
traslashuellasdemir.com/destinos-irresistibles/madagascar...
internationaldriversassociation.com/es/madagascar-driving...
Artist: Tom Ferraro and Edward Grout
Facilitated by The Looking Glass Art Project with students of the Martin Luther King Jr. Center in 2017. Together with the teaching artists and the MLK staff, the students explored the history of important figures in Erie’s African American culture and their influence on the development of Erie. Music emerged as a theme, including the spirituals written by Erie native and prominent classical composer Harry T. Burleigh. Look closely and you may see a bar of notes in the mural, which are from Burleigh’s song “Let the Children Sing.
The Henrichenburg boat lift facilitates a change in elevation of the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal in Waltrop-Oberwiese. The boat lift is part of the Waltrop Lock Park (Schleusenpark), which includes the old Henrichenburg boat lift built in 1899, a disused shaft lock from 1912, the new boat lift built in 1962 and a modern ship lock from 1989.
The Henrichenburg boat lift is a popular destination for cyclists along the canals of the northern Ruhr Area.
The old boat lift was opened in 1899.It was an important structure on the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal without which it would not have been possible to navigate to Dortmund Port. The lift was the biggest and most spectacular structure on the old Dortmund-Ems-Kanal. It was inaugurated by Kaiser Wilhelm II on 11 August 1899.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWnAnLUJHTs
Dont You Worry - John Legend
This young lady is one of Paulo's best personal trainers
See previous upload
In fact I prefer she would be my trainer than the Portuguese Man O War !
:-))))))))
A team is not made of 1 person !
Olympic gold is a team effort
So don't you worry!
Canada is in competent hands
g
story: the beginning
from the first experiments for the cyborg initiative, they tried to add the ability to install portals between realms, in order to facilitate the transport of androids, however one of those experiments led them to a completely unknown realm, facing them a cave, inside the cave a robot with the appearance of an insect damaged inside the robot seemed a kind of mask.
the portal was collapsing so quickly as they could what had charged and brought to Earthrealm .... a new experiment had begun.
The analyzes showed that the mask had abilities to see in the dark and tools that allow generate earthquakes, scientists did not doubt in test these abilities one of their models, which they did not know was that the mask had own mind ... .. to activate the model, the mask had won a new body ....
Two pictures from almost the same angle, not my usual way of uploading. I just think they both turned out very good, I couldn't decide which one to pick. One is a little sharper, the other is more dynamic and from a prettier angle.
Anyway, story behind it. We had just driven away, I was in the passenger's seat. The driver had a Sunday's pace, just relaxed, driving a tiny bit below the speed limit. She warned me for an interesting car behind us, and before I could turn around to take a picture, it was already facilitating my effort by passing us and going through the next corner at a decent pace.
Cambodge - A une vingtaine de kilomètres de Kampong Cham, sur la commune rurale de Chup, se trouve la «Chup Rubber Plantation». Une manufacture de caoutchouc créée par les Français en 1922. Cette usine de transformation du latex était encore dans le début des années 1960, la plus grande plantation d’hévéas du monde.
Elle est localisée au milieu d’une forêt artificielle de 20.000 hévéas. La récolte se fait essentiellement la nuit par la scarification manuelle des troncs, afin que la sève s’écoule plus facilement. Dans la journée, il fait trop chaud et le latex se solidifie. La qualité s’en ressent.
L’usine transforme quotidiennement entre 30 et 40 tonnes de caoutchouc avec un processus largement automatisée. Toute la production est acheminée vers la Chine qui se charge de l’expédier vers d’autre pays d’Asie et en Europe.
Sur la photo, un homme découpe les blocs de latex sortis des tapis roulants pour en faciliter le conditionnement dans les sacs en plastique. Il sait que je le photographie et pense prendre une attitude amusante. Pourtant avec sa scie à la main, il a plutôt l’air inquiétant.
Latex processing plant
About twenty kilometers from Kampong Cham (Cambodia), in the rural commune of Chup, is the “Chup Rubber Plantation”. A rubber factory created by the French in 1922. This latex processing plant was still the largest rubber plantation in the world in the early 1960s. This is no longer the case.
It is located in the middle of a plantation of 20,000 rubber trees. Harvesting is done mainly at night by manually scarifying the trunks, so that the sap flows more easily. During the day, it is too hot and the latex solidifies. The quality is felt.
The plant transforms between 30 and 40 tonnes of rubber daily with a largely automated process.
All production is shipped to China, which is responsible for shipping to other countries in Asia and Europe.
In the photo, a man cuts up blocks of latex from the conveyor belts to facilitate packaging in the plastic bags. He knows he's photographing him and thinks he's adopting a funny attitude. Yet with his saw in hand, he looks rather disturbing.
A global digital health ID...Woo-WHO!
www.who.int/news/item/05-06-2023-the-european-commission-...
“With this collaboration, WHO will facilitate this process globally under its own structure with the aim to allow the world to benefit from convergence of digital certificates.”
This means, instead of freely going where I want, I will be forever banned from restaurants, gyms, stores, hospitals, and travelling. Woohoo! It’s like fascist COVID measures all over again (shhhhh...let’s not look at all those excess deaths).
www.youtube.com/watch?v=95T2Bqht4Xg
Please, World Health Organization, take my freedom away. Lock me down, pretty please! I can’t wait for an international NWO organization to strip the sovereignty of my nation and undemocratically exercise authority over me.
Yay! Please centralize power…please…please…I love authoritarianism! I can’t wait for my WHO masters to eventually roll out their human microchipping program—I’ll be the first in line. Please give me the 666 Beast Chip jab! I really want to be a part of your new transhuman slave race. Since I’m a total sheep, I know that you have my best interests in mind. As a good global citizen, I believe that global governance is better than liberty and sovereignty. Safety over freedom!
The European Commission...the executive branch of the European Union (EU) *cough* *cough* isn’t it odd that the kingdom of the antichrist will rise out of Europe? You will not be able to buy or sell without the Mark of the Beast...ya...but...it’s so safe and convenient. Plus the Bible is just fantasy; there is no Beast system being put together right in front of our very eyes...Digital IDs...Central Bank Digital Currencies…Social Credit Scores…Universal Basic Income…Transhumanism…it’s all just science fiction…but look on the bright side: there are more than two genders!
A man in London went to Aldi’s to buy some food, but he couldn’t get in without a QR code:
twitter.com/NEOintheMCR/status/1666702483400318977?s=20
Nearly a Third of Gen Z Favors the Government Installing Surveillance Cameras in Homes:
www.cato.org/blog/nearly-third-gen-z-favors-home-governme...
A Canadian woman is still being denied a life-saving organ transplant due to her vaccination status:
rumble.com/v2u8k4g-woman-speaks-out-after-being-denied-li...
Synthetic human embryos created in groundbreaking advance:
www.theguardian.com/science/2023/jun/14/synthetic-human-e...
After completing an afternoon excursion with a mixed train, the Strasburg Rail Road's trusty Canadian National 2-6-0 #89 passes by the J-Tower at the west end of the line, adjacent to the boarding platform. J-Tower is a relic of the once mighty Pennsylvania Railroad. It was built in 1885 as one of many interlocking towers, this particular one located at Lemoyne Junction, not far from Harrisburg PA. Towers like this one contained large, mechanical levers that controlled both switches and signals, which facilitated operations at the junction. In later years, this tower was simply called "LEMO", presumably short for Lemoyne. The tower was still functioning into the early 1980s, when it was retired. It was moved to the Strasburg Rail Road and reconstructed by the Lancaster Chapter of the National Railway Historical Society. Today, the old "Armstrong" levers have been reconstructed in the tower and visitors can tour the cab to see how the switches and signals were controlled back in the day. This tower also offers a nice view of train operations.
Zeroco in a World of Neon Shades
Photo IG @tokyosirens
Model IG @zeroco3999
Facilitated by IG @tekumi.jp
11269 SN69ZGE on loan from Stagecoach Manchester to help facilitate police movement for Cop26 Seen at Ayr Racecourse (29/10/21)
Providence and Worcester Railroad's Valley Falls based local PR-3 heads up the Moshassuck Running Track with a single load of rebar for Nucor/Harris Rebar seen here in this going away shot looking north just over the Mineral Spring Avenue crossing at MP 0.4. To facilitate the move the gondola is sandwiched between their two units, and they dropped the rest of their big train back on the mainline up by old Lawn Tower. After running north to the ejd of the line at Higginson Ave. in Lincoln they'll spot the car then MU their two units and return light back thru here off the 1.2 mile long branch.
Looking like the proud independent regional I grew up with, PR-3's two units still wear the classic red and brown scheme some eight years after Genesee and Wyoming orange took over. GP38-2s 2006 and 2008 are original to the road having been built new for the then only 7 year independent company by EMD in Feb. and Dec. 1980 respectively), and have spent their entire careers working the rails in and out of the Ocean State.
Colloquially known to railroaders as 'The Mud' this branch had been out of service for a couple years, but in a pleasant turnabout it recently returned to life when the railroad cleared all the enchroaching brush and put the signals back in service. In fact I believe this might be the first car since it returned to service.
Looking at this line as an outsider you wouldn't think much of it as it seems to be no more than any other old urban spur, but digging a bit deeper this line is so much more. This was once the mainline of one of the nation's shortest of shortlines and the tiniest of three such roads that maintained their independence through the late 19th and nearly all of the 20th centuries when the mighty New Haven was buying, leasing, merging, or crushing every other independent railroad in southern New England.
With credit to Edward Ozog's wonderful Rhode Island Railroads web site and Ronald Dale Karr's invaluable reference book "The Rail Lines of Southern New England" here is a bit of history.
Chartered in 1874 the two mile long Moshassuck Valley Railroad Company commenced operations in 1877 and ran from a main line interchange in Woodlawn, Pawtucket to Saylesville in the town Lincoln. It was built to serve the textile finishing mills of the Sayles brothers, but it was also a common carrier with a profitable freight business and for many years frequent passenger service. In fact until 1921 it ran up to 10 passenger trains a day with four stops on the 2 mile route.
The Sayles mills were the reason for building the MVRR and its major customer for most of its existence. Textiles to and from the Sayles Bleacheries, Lorraine Manufacturing Co. and Glenlyon Dye Works were a major source of traffic but there was also large amounts of coal for the mills and a variety of related products.
The textile industry in Rhode Island declined in the 1920's and 30's due to lower costs in the south and in 1960 Sayles operations ended. After 90 years being run by the Sayles family, the little road was sold to Standard Transportation in December 1967 and traffic remained relatively good as various light industries replaced the textile mills.
After 105 years of independent operations it was finally sold to its connecting carrier which by 1982 was the reborn Providence and Worcester. Nine years later the P&W abandoned the northern 3/4 of a mile of track north of the Higginson Avenue crossing where the MVRR's small yard and shop were located. Those shops still exist in fact and for decades the modern day P&W used the remodeled MVRR enginehouse to maintain MofW vehicles though when I drove by recently it appears to have been sold or leased for non railroad use.
To learn more and see some fabulous images of the MVRR in its earliest days and right up to the end in the late 70s click this link:
sites.google.com/site/moshassuckvalleyrailroad/Home
Pawtucket, Rhode Island
Wednesday November 20, 2024
East Side Gallery, Kreuzberg, Berlin.
East Side Gallery es una galería de arte al aire libre situada sobre una sección de 1.316 metros en la cara este del muro de Berlín, que fueron salvados del derribo con dicha finalidad. Está situada cerca del centro de Berlín, en la calle Mühlenstraße del distrito Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg, a lo largo de la rivera del río Spree. Se considera que es la galería de arte al aire libre de mayor longitud y duración del mundo.
La galería consta de 103 murales pintados por artistas de todo el mundo rindiendo homenaje a la libertad y documentando la euforia y esperanza por un mundo mejor que se produjeron con el fin de la guerra fría. Fue fundada tras la unión de dos asociaciones de artistas alemanas, la "Federal Association of Artists - BBK" y la "GDR - Artists Association". Los principales promotores fueron Bodo Sperling, Barbara Greul Aschanta, Jörg Kubitzki y David Monti.
En julio de 2006, con el fin de facilitar el acceso a río Spree, se movió una sección de 40 metros alejándola hacia el oeste, en paralelo a su posición original.
Con motivo de la preparación del vigésimo aniversario de la caída del muro de Berlín, se realizó programa de renovación que consistió en tapar la mayoría de los murales, que se encontraban en un lamentable estado debido al vandalismo y la erosión propias de las obras expuestas al aire libre, y pedir a los autores que volviesen a pintar sus obras. Algunos artistas se negaron a tener que repetir sus obras, indicando que la galería debió haber realizado una restauración y prevenido la destrucción de las obras originales.
East Side Gallery is an outdoor art gallery located on a 1,316 meter section on the east face of the Berlin Wall, which were saved from demolition for that purpose. It is located near the center of Berlin, on the Mühlenstraße street of the Friedrichshain-Kreuzberg district, along the banks of the River Spree. It is considered to be the longest and longest outdoor art gallery in the world.
The gallery consists of 103 murals painted by artists from around the world paying homage to freedom and documenting the euphoria and hope for a better world that occurred with the end of the Cold War. It was founded after the union of two associations of German artists, the "Federal Association of Artists - BBK" and the "GDR - Artists Association". The main promoters were Bodo Sperling, Barbara Greul Aschanta, Jörg Kubitzki and David Monti.
In July 2006, in order to facilitate access to the river Spree, a section of 40 meters was moved away to the west, parallel to its original position.
On the occasion of the preparation of the twentieth anniversary of the fall of the Berlin Wall, a renovation program was carried out that consisted of covering most of the murals, which were in an unfortunate state due to the vandalism and erosion of the works exposed to the outdoors, and ask the authors to come back and paint their works. Some artists refused to have to repeat their works, indicating that the gallery should have made a restoration and prevented the destruction of the original works.
Exquisitely architected to facilitate the ultimate in seamless luxury indoor/outdoor living without equal, the Point Dume Residence features a stunningly crafted open design that includes an infinity edge pool and a private beach creating a distinctively extravagant private luxury lifestyle experience, rivaling some of the very best resorts in the world.
•Name Point Dume Residence
•Price: 5000 - 6000 $ per week depending on season
•Type Single Family Home
•Floor Area 12,000 sq. ft. (1,114.85 m2)
•Construction Area 16,447 sq. ft. (1,528 m2)
•Levels 3
•Completed 2011
Roadster not included.
This was based on a render I found on the web many years ago and I fell in love with the architecture so I saved it but sadly I can’t find the source anymore to give due credit.
Time for some touch up painting...but I can't be trusted to paint without the help of blue painters tape (and even then it's a nightmare!).
A hand fan is an instrument and a fashion accessory designed so that with a rhythmic and variable play of the wrist, air can be moved and cooling is facilitated when in a hot environment.
HISTORY: The umbel or parasol and the flabellum, a large fixed fan with a long handle, are considered precedents in Egypt —at least since the 19th dynasty— and in Asia of the modest and functional folding fan and its western variants.
Already in the tomb of Tutankhamun, two fans with precious metal handles were deposited as part of the pharaoh's trousseau.
An essential object in Chinese and Japanese cultures, both in ceremonies and in theater, which synthesizes the fantasy of these peoples in the different types of fans.
In China, the origin of the rigid fan dates back to 2697 BC. C., with the emperor Hsiem Yuan.
LANGUAGE AND SECRET CODES: Progressively a complicated language of codes was developed, according to the movement and position of the fans.
Thus, for example, quickly fanning oneself looking into your eyes translated as "I love you madly", but if it was done slowly, the message was very different: "I am married and you are indifferent to me".
Opening the fan and showing it was equivalent to: “you can wait for me”.
Holding it with both hands advised a cruel “you better forget me”.
If a woman dropped her fan in front of a man, the passionate message was "I belong to you".
If she supported him open on her chest at the level of the heart: "I love you."
If she covered her face with the open fan: "Follow me when I go."
If she rested it on her right cheek it was equivalent to a "yes", but if she rested it on her left it was a resounding and cruel "no". Source: Wikipedia.
Photo taken in Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain.
UNA HERRAMIENTA TRADICIONAL PARA AYUDAR CON EL CALOR DEL VERANO, 2023
Un abanico de mano es un instrumento y un complemento de moda ideado para que con un juego de muñeca rítmico y variable se pueda mover aire y facilitar la refrigeración cuando se está en un ambiente caluroso.
HISTORIA: La umbela o quitasol y el flabellum, gran abanico fijo de largo mango, se consideran precedentes en Egipto —al menos desde la dinastía XIX— y en Asia del modesto y funcional abanico plegable y sus variantes occidentales.
Ya en la tumba de Tutankamón se depositaron, como parte del ajuar del faraón, dos abanicos con mango de metales preciosos.
Objeto esencial en las culturas china y japonesa, tanto en ceremonias como en el teatro, que sintetiza la fantasía de estos pueblos en los diferentes tipos de abanico.
En China, el origen del abanico rígido se sitúa hacia 2697 a. C., con el emperador Hsiem Yuan.
LENGUAJE Y CÓDIGOS SECRETOS: Progresivamente se llegó a desarrollar un complicado lenguaje de códigos, según el movimiento y posición de los abanicos.
Así, por ejemplo, abanicarse rápidamente mirándote a los ojos se traducía como “te amo con locura”, pero si se hacía lentamente, el mensaje era muy distinto: “estoy casada y me eres indiferente”.
Abrir el abanico y mostrarlo equivalía a un: “puedes esperarme”.
Sujetarlo con las dos manos aconsejaba un cruel “es mejor que me olvides”.
Si una mujer dejaba caer su abanico delante de un hombre, el mensaje era apasionado "te pertenezco".
Si lo apoyaba abierto sobre el pecho a la altura del corazón: “te amo”.
Si se cubría la cara con el abanico abierto: “Sígueme cuando me vaya”.
Si lo apoyaba en la mejilla derecha equivalía a un “sí”, pero si lo apoyaba sobre la izquierda era un “no” rotundo y cruel. Fuente: Wikipedia.
Foto tomada en Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, España.
“Drawing of Proposed Capsule To Aid Moon Exploration
1/5/1960-Chicago: A collapsible capsule designed to facilitate man's exploration of the moon, this unusual moon sac provides protection and mobility for future spacemen. This cut-away drawing shows how the pod-shaped vehicle allows two men inside to roll along the Lunar Surface simply by walking-as on a treadmill-in squirrel cage compartments at either end of pod. See negative for full caption.”
Also:
"DO-IT-YOURSELF MOON AUTO -- This unusual collapsible moon sac would provide both protection and transportation for men exploring the moon. Cutaway drawing shows how the pod-shaped vehicle would allow two men to roll along the lunar surface simply by walking a treadmill."
Above at, also probably taken from a press photo caption. On page five, and an excellent presentation:
www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/creel_lrv_experiences_alsj.pdf
www.hq.nasa.gov/alsj/lrv_thermal_alsj.pdf
Both above credit: ALSJ website
'My' description, along with the image, at:
www.gettyimages.co.uk/detail/news-photo/collapsible-capsu...
“Credit”: Getty Images website
Very gratifying to ‘take’ something from them, instead of the other way around! They’re selling the ‘small’ (594 x 464 px (20.96 x 16.37 cm) 72 dpi | 0.3 MP) version of this image for $175. $499 for the “large” (3130 x 2446 px (26.50 x 20.71 cm) 300 dpi | 7.7 MP). Goliath takes one in the eye...yess!
Granted, only if/when somebody stumbles upon mine, who also happens to really want/need a high resolution version of it. But, hey, even if just ONE person can save $175 - $499, it’s a win. But I digress...
Unfortunately, the article affixed to the verso of the photo, although it features the photo, is irrelevant. The Chicago Daily News folks appear to have just pulled this out, since it is a very interesting, odd…and ridiculous depiction.
Among many other WTF questions, how did they see/know where they were going?
How about turning? Does one guy slow down, or just stop completely? How about for a tight/emergency turn? Backpedal...turn the other way? 😉
I do like the Dr. Octopus goggles though, along with the spacecraft’s external tri-rail elevator.
As zany as it is, it was ‘outside the box’ thinking, and it's what makes it so enjoyable. 😄👍
Artist unknown. However, it has a John Gorsuch look to it.
Schiffshebewerk Henrichenburg
The Henrichenburg boat lift facilitates a change in elevation of the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal in Waltrop-Oberwiese. The boat lift is part of the Waltrop Lock Park (Schleusenpark), which includes the old Henrichenburg boat lift built in 1899, a disused shaft lock from 1912, the new boat lift built in 1962 and a modern ship lock from 1989.
The Henrichenburg boat lift is a popular destination for cyclists along the canals of the northern Ruhr Area.
The old boat lift was opened in 1899. It was an important structure on the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal without which it would not have been possible to navigate to Dortmund Port. The lift was the biggest and most spectacular structure on the old Dortmund-Ems-Kanal. It was inaugurated by Kaiser Wilhelm II on 11 August 1899.
The lift was able to accommodate the then usual Boat on the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal, 67 metres long, 8.2 metres wide, with a draft of 2 metres and lift it through a height of 14 metres to the level of the Dortmund Port. It could accommodate vessels of up to 350 tonnes. A complete descent or lift cycle, including entry and exit, took about 45 minutes. The actual lowering/lifting only took two and a half minutes. This was much faster than possible using ordinary locks. This method of raising boats also conserved water at the upper elevation which relied entirely on water pumped from the lower elevation for its supply.
This technically very interesting construction managed to lift approximately 1000 tonnes of ship and water filled trough using a relatively small amount of power. The trough was supported by 5 cylindrical floats each immersed in 40 metre deep water-filled wells. The lift from the floats was the same as the load of the water filled trough therefore, only a small electric motor sufficient to overcome friction and viscous resistance was needed to set the trough in motion in either direction. Four steel worm gears, 20 metres long and 280 mm in diameter were used to direct the trough in the appropriate course.
The old lift was closed shortly after the opening of the new lift. A year later in 1963 an attempt was made to restart the old lift. It was found that the trough had tilted and that it could no longer be moved into either the fully up or fully down positions. The lift remains in this condition today and is conserved as part of a museum.
After the closure of the old lift it was decided in 1979 to develop the lift as part of the Westphalian industrial museum. The lift was restored and reconstructed without bringing it back into use. The lower dock of the old lift is used as a marina.
The old lift has an iron framework construction with five float chambers. The trough and the upper and lower control towers are accessible. In the former boiler and machine house, machines, models and pictures can be seen. In the lower dock are the former police and fireboat Cerberus of 1930 and the motorvessel Franz-Christian of 1929 with an exhibition of working life on board in the cargo hold. In the 400m long canal adjoining the upper dock there is a collection of historical ships and a loading dock along with other exhibits.
The Westphalian Industrial Museum is on the Dortmund-Ems-Kanal cycle route, the Emscher-Way.
(Wikipedia)
Das alte Schiffshebewerk Henrichenburg von 1899 und das neue von 1962 liegen nur wenige hundert Meter voneinander entfernt und gehören zur Kanalstufe Henrichenburg der Bundeswasserstraße Dortmund-Ems-Kanal in Waltrop-Oberwiese. Sie sind benannt nach der früheren Gemeinde Henrichenburg, heute nördlichster Stadtteil Castrop-Rauxels, der von Süden bis nah an das Gelände reicht. Zuständig ist das Wasser- und Schifffahrtsamt Duisburg-Meiderich.
Das alte Hebewerk wurde 1914 durch eine Schachtschleuse mit zweimal fünf Sparbecken ergänzt. In den Jahren 1958 bis 1962 errichtete man das neue Schwimmer-Hebewerk, so dass 1969 die Stilllegung des alten Hebewerks folgte. Die alte Schachtschleuse wurde 1989 durch eine Sparschleuse mit zwei Sparbecken ersetzt. Bis ins Jahr 2005 lief der Betrieb des neuen Hebewerks und der neuen Schleuse parallel. Seitdem fließt der Schiffsverkehr nur noch durch die Schleuse. Alle vier Bauwerke sind Teil des Schleusenparks Waltrop.
Das alte Schiffshebewerk wurde von der Firma Haniel & Lueg nach den Plänen des Stettiner Schiffbauingenieurs Rudolph Haack gebaut. Es war ein Schlüsselbauwerk des Dortmund-Ems-Kanals, denn erst mit seiner Fertigstellung konnte der Kanal bis zum Dortmunder Hafen befahren werden. Dieses Hebewerk ist das größte und spektakulärste Bauwerk der ersten Bau-Periode des Dortmund-Ems-Kanals. Es wurde am 11. August 1899 in Anwesenheit von Kaiser Wilhelm II. zusammen mit dem Dortmund-Ems-Kanal in Betrieb genommen.
Das Hebewerk war in der Lage, den damals üblichen Dortmund-Ems-Kanal-Normalkahn von 67 Metern Länge, 8,2 Metern Breite und 2 Metern Tiefgang um 14 Meter auf die Wasserhaltung des Dortmunder Hafens zu heben. Ende der 1950er Jahre wurde das Unterwasser um 50 cm angehoben, dadurch verringerte sich die Fallhöhe auf 13,50 Meter. Ein vollständiger Senk- oder Hebevorgang, einschließlich Ein- und Ausfahrt, dauerte nur etwa 45 Minuten. Der eigentliche Senk- oder Hebevorgang dauerte etwa 2,5 Minuten. Das ging deutlich schneller als mit den zur gleichen Zeit üblichen Schleusen. Zudem verbrauchte der Hubvorgang kaum Wasser aus der Dortmunder Haltung, deren gesamtes Wasser aus der unteren Haltung durch Pumpen bereitgestellt werden musste.
Die technisch äußerst interessante Konstruktion kam mit vergleichsweise niedriger Antriebsleistung zum Heben des 3100 Tonnen schweren wassergefüllten Trogs aus. Die Lösung lag im Auftrieb der insgesamt fünf Schwimmer (mit Luft gefüllte Hohlzylinder), die separat in 33 Meter tiefe, wassergefüllte Brunnenschächte eintauchten. Ihr Auftrieb war genauso groß wie das Gewicht des Troges, welches unabhängig von der Größe des Schiffes immer gleich bleibt, denn das Schiff verdrängt beim Einfahren in den Trog so viel Wasser, wie es wiegt. Somit genügte ein relativ kleiner elektrischer Motor, mit etwa 110 kW, zum Überwinden der Reibungswiderstände, um den Trog aufwärts oder abwärts in Bewegung zu setzen. Den Bewegungsablauf steuerten vier über 20 Meter lange Gewindespindeln aus Stahl mit einem Außendurchmesser von 280 mm. Die Spindeln erhielten eine Längsbohrung von 110 mm Innendurchmesser, um eventuelle Fehler im Material aufzuspüren und um sie bei Frosttemperaturen mit Abdampf vor dem Einfrieren zu schützen.
Nach der Inbetriebsetzung des neuen Hebewerkes wurde das alte Hebewerk 1969 endgültig stillgelegt. Danach verfiel es. Auch ein Abriss wurde zunächst erwogen. Der Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (LWL) beschloss jedoch 1979, das technische Denkmal als Standort des Westfälischen Industriemuseums zu nutzen, heute LWL-Industriemuseum. Nach Restaurierung und Rekonstruktion ist das alte Schiffshebewerk ohne Wiederherstellung der ursprünglichen Funktion zusammen mit seinem unteren Vorhafen (Unterwasser), dem oberen Vorhafen und einem Stück Kanal (Oberwasser) als Museum eröffnet. Der untere Vorhafen wird auch als Marina genutzt.
Das alte Schiffshebewerk ist eine Eisenfachwerkkonstruktion mit fünf Schwimmerschächten. Der Trog und die steinernen Oberhaupt- und Unterhaupttürme sind begehbar. Im ehemaligen Kessel- und Maschinenhaus sind Maschinen, Modelle und Bilder zu sehen. Im oberen Vorhafen liegen das Polizei- und Feuerlöschboot Cerberus von 1930 und im unteren Vorhafen das Motorgüterschiff Franz-Christian von 1929 mit der Ausstellung Ein Arbeitsleben an Bord im Laderaum. Auf einem 400 m langen Kanalabschnitt im Anschluss an den oberen Vorhafen zeigt das Museum eine europaweit einzigartige Sammlung historischer Schiffe, darunter der Dampfschlepper Fortuna und das einzige europaweit noch existierende Dampftankschiff Phenol. Dazu befinden sich hier schwimmende Arbeitsgeräte, eine Anlege- und Verladestelle für Güterschiffe, eine Hellinganlage zur Schiffsreparatur mit historischem Drehkran von 1906 und der Kanaldurchlass mit altem Klapptor von 1914 sowie eine historische Hubbrücke von 1897. Im rekonstruierten Hafengebäude sind wechselnde Sonderausstellungen zu sehen.
Das Schiffshebewerk liegt an den Radwegen Dortmund-Ems-Kanal-Route, Emscher-Weg und an der Route der Industriekultur per Rad. Das Alte Schiffshebewerk Henrichenburg ist heute zentraler Ankerpunkt der Route der Industriekultur.
(Wikipedia)
Leopards are agile and stealthy predators. Although smaller than other members of the Panthera genus, they are able to take large prey due to their massive skulls that facilitate powerful jaw muscles. Head and body length is between 95 and 165 cm (37 and 65 in), and the tail reaches 60 to 110 cm (24 to 43 in).[3] Shoulder height is 45 to 80 cm (18 to 31 in). The muscles attached to the scapula are exceptionally strong, which enhance their ability to climb trees. They are very diverse in size. Males are about 30% larger than females, weighing 30 to 91 kg (66 to 200 lb) compared to 23 to 60 kg (51 to 130 lb) for females.
Source : Wikipedia
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
It works!!
Middle of week five and the new kitchen is usable. A few things to finish off (replacement worktop next Tuesday and then fixing the splashbacks, bit more painting, under unit lights and the cornice).
The second kitchen can now be ripped out to allow relocation of waste pipes etc. from upstairs bathroom to facilitate the knocking through of the wall.
Walker is a residential suburb and electoral ward in the south-east of Newcastle upon Tyne, England.
History
The place-name 'Walker' is first attested in 1242, where it appears as Waucre. This means 'wall-carr', that is to say, 'the marsh by the Roman wall', a reference to Hadrian's Wall. Today, a small fragment of the wall can be found in neighbouring Byker to the west, and Segedunum, a major site at the end of the Wall can be found in Wallsend to the east.
Large-scale coal-mining began in the area in the early 1700s, with up to ten collieries in operation in the Walker area. A wagon-way was constructed during this period to facilitate transportation of coal to the riverside staithes.
Walker used to have a large shipbuilding industry, particularly the yard of Armstrong Whitworth at High Walker, but this has declined over the past 50 years and the area has suffered as a result, with many jobs being taken away from the community.
From 1809 to 1883, Walker was home to an iron-making company, Losh, Wilson and Bell (known towards the end as Bells, Goodman and finally as Bells, Lightfoot).
Walkerville
Walkerville was developed as a model housing exhibition along the lines of the Garden city movement held under the auspices of the National Housing Reform Council in 1908 and is an early example of small-scale town planning prior to the Housing, Town Planning, &c. Act 1909. One of the prime campaigners behind the exhibition was Councillor David Adams (1871-1943), who later became an MP and Lord Mayor of Newcastle. The chosen site was Corporation estate, Walker, and the gold medal for the horseshoe layout of the site was awarded to Watson and Scott of Newcastle. The exhibition was of a range of 'model cottages' for working people of different types from two to three bedrooms, by different architects and backed by a range of patrons including Wallsend Cooperative Society, at that time a provider of mortgage capital for its members. Newcastle Corporation also built homes as part of the exhibition. The Gold medal-winning architects were AT Martindale, White & Stephenson, Edward Cratney and TE Davidson. David Adams described the planning and development of the Walker and Willington estates in a series of articles for The Northern Echo.
Description
Walker is an area between Welbeck Road and the banks of the River Tyne, although the modern electoral ward of Walker incorporates Pottery Bank and St Anthony's. When most Geordies refer to Walker they also incorporate the areas of Daisy Hill and Eastfield. Walkergate, located between Welbeck Road and the Network rail line are sometimes considered parts of Walker. Other parts of Walker are Walkerdene (which is situated south of 'Fossway' and north of 'Welbeck Road', west of 'Waverdale Avenue' and east of 'Scrogg Road') and Walkerville (which is located under the railway bridge and to the right, these houses are mainly private stock whereas other areas of Walker are council and ex-council stock). Other areas included are Daisy Hill and Eastfield which help make up the city Ward of Walkergate.
The area is notable for Walker Park,[11] the Walker Riverside Park, and the Lady Stephenson Library (now known as 'Walker Library') as well as the Lightfoot Sports Centre, which is set to undergo a £2.5m refurbishment. Alderman Sir William Haswell Stephenson, built the library in 1908 in memory of his wife Eliza, who died in 1901. The library closed on 29 June 2013 and contents have been relocated into a purpose built area within Walker Activity Dome in July 2013 (The Lightfoot Sports Centre). Walker Park received a Green Flag Award in 2019.
Walker is served by the Tyne and Wear Metro, with a station at Walkergate, and has a main bus terminus on Walker Road, although this is quite dilapidated and badly serviced.
Most children attend a local primary school, These are St Vincent's RC, Tyneview, Welbeck Academy, West Walker, Walkergate, and Central Walker. The two main Secondary Schools which service the area are Benfield School, a specialist Sports College, and Walker Riverside Academy, a high performing specialist technology and visual arts school for 11- to 18-year-olds.
Future
Newcastle City Council's Walker Riverside regeneration scheme launched in 2003 aims to revitalise the area with new houses, schools, jobs and community facilities, environmental improvements, and a new neighbourhood centre to be known as the Heart of Walker. The scheme has its own newsletter known as the "Walker Eye", which goes to almost 7,000 homes and businesses locally.
Much of the older and run-down housing stock along Walker Road is in the process of being demolished and replaced with new homes which are a mixture of council and private housing. The stated aim was to build 1,600 new and replacement homes over a 15-year period.
As part of the new Heart of Walker development, plans have recently been unveiled to open a new state-of-the-art primary school on a site next door to the redeveloped Lightfoot Centre, where the old Wharrier Street Primary School was. The £7.5m project merged Wharrier Street and St Anthony's Primary Schools in Autumn 2012 to create the new Central Walker Church of England Primary.
Plans for the area's regeneration were approved by the then Secretary of State for Communities and Local Government, Ruth Kelly.
In August 2018 it was announced that two high-rise blocks, Titan House and Hexham House were to be demolished. The flats and neighbouring Church Walk shopping centre will be replaced by a new housing development and shops.
Notable people
Cheryl Cole, singer, born on 30 June 1983, lived in Walker and Heaton, attending Walker Comprehensive School, Middle Street, before she found fame with Girls Aloud.
Walker is the birthplace of Eric Burdon, lead singer of The Animals, who later recorded with War at the beginning of that band's career. The Animals recorded a song called "Gonna Send You Back to Walker", a repurposed version of a song by American R&B singer Timmy Shaw, "Gonna Send You Back to Georgia (A City Slick)."
Another Walkerite, the author, journalist and broadcaster Keith Topping, titled one of the chapters in his novel The Hollow Men, The St. Anthony's Chinese Takeaway Massacre. The novelist is co author on Dr Who: The Hollow Men (1998) with Martin Day.
The former Newcastle United striker Shola Ameobi grew up in Walker, where he played for Walker Central F.C.; which was launched in 1988 by the Wallsend-born former Newcastle United footballer Lee Clark, and ex-club scout Brian Clark (no relation).
Stan Anderson, rugby union player who made one Test match appearance for England in the 1899 Home Nations Championship.
David MacBeth, an English pop music singer was born in Walker. Despite releasing a string of singles on three record labels between 1959 and 1969, MacBeth's only chart success was with his version of "Mr. Blue", which peaked at number 18 in the UK Singles Chart. MacBeth took part in the 1963 Roy Orbison/The Beatles Tour.
Geordie Shore stars Marty McKenna and Chantelle Conelly are both also from Walker.
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Families & Schools Together partners with community-based organizations and schools across the U.S. and internationally to implement evidence-based family engagement programs.
We provide training, support, and technical assistance for:
School teams looking to run our evidence-based family engagement program with families (FAST Program); and
Educators looking for training and coaching on equity-focused family engagement best practices (FAST Institute).
Southwestern Ontario is a secondary region of Southern Ontario in the Canadian province of Ontario, centered on the city of London. It occupies most of a peninsula that is bound on three sides by water: Lake Huron, including Georgian Bay, to the north and northwest; the St. Clair River, Lake St. Clair, and Detroit River, to the west; and Lake Erie to the south. To the east, on land, Southwestern Ontario is bounded by Central Ontario and the Golden Horseshoe. The region had a population of 2,504,878 in 2011.
Apart from London, other towns and cities in the core area of Southwestern Ontario include Chatham, Ingersoll, Sarnia, St. Thomas, Tillsonburg, Windsor, and Woodstock.
Southwestern Ontario was first settled by Europeans in the early 18th century, when it was part of the Royal Province of New France. One of the oldest continuous settlements in the region is Windsor, which originated as a southerly extension of the settlement of Fort Detroit in 1701. With the transfer of New France to British control in 1763, the region was part of the British Province of Quebec, 1774 to 1791; the Province of Upper Canada, 1791 to 1841; and the Canada West division of the Province of United Canada, 1841 to Confederation in 1867, when United Canada was formally partitioned into the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
During the 19th century and early 20th century, the largest city in Southwestern Ontario was Windsor; however, as both cities grew, Windsor was outpaced by the faster growth of London, and passed the mantle of regional anchor to that city in the 1960s.
Southwestern Ontario is a prosperous agricultural region whose chief crops are tobacco, sweet corn, soybean, winter wheat, canola, and tomatoes. Dairy and beef farming, breeding and training of standardbred horses and wine growing and production are also important industries. Its climate is among the mildest in Canada. Although brief periods of winter can be severe, summers are hot and humid with a longer growing season than in most of the country.
A large section of Southwestern Ontario was part of the Talbot Settlement, and the region has benefited from the settlement’s facilitation of agriculture and of trade in general. Its economy is heavily tied in with that of the midwestern United States, in particular the border state of Michigan. Auto manufacturing and parts, agriculture and hi-tech industries are key components of the region’s economy. The region also provides important transportation routes for commercial trucking, railway and tanker shipping from Detroit-Windsor and Port Huron, Michigan-Sarnia linking Canada with major markets in the eastern and midwestern United States.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southwestern_Ontario
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
The Trade Facilitation Programme (TFP) currently includes over 100 Issuing Banks in the EBRD region and more than 800 Confirming Banks worldwide. The event gave EBRD partner banks the opportunity to review and discuss industry challenges, pricing, limits and trade opportunities with key industry specialists, regulators and representatives from the World Trade Organization, the International Chamber of Commerce HQ and local National ICC Committees.
It also featured the highly popular award ceremony for ‘The Most Active EBRD TFP Banks’ and ‘The Best Transaction of 2016’.
A Meridian Raw CIC facilitated photo-walk around Killerton House, Grounds & Gardens, as part of the Chasing the Light & Walking with Cameras Project on Wednesday 19th October 2022.
Facilitated by: Karen Saez (Lead, Asia & Impact, Global Shapers Community), Debra Everitt McCormack (Lead, Global Board Effectiveness and Sustainability, Accenture) With: Andrea Moore (Project Fellow, Forum Foundations) speaking in the Leadership Skills Workshop: Finding Purpose and Leading Authentically session at the Global Shapers Annual Summit 2023 in Geneva, Switzerland, 17 June 2023. World Economic Forum Headquarters, Villa Mundi – Oak. Copyright: World Economic Forum/ Marc Bader