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From the plaque:
AUGMENTED GROUNDS 2020
Soomeen Hahm, Jaeheon Jung, Yumi Lee
Seoul, South Korea
Soomeen Hahn obtained her Bachelor of Architecture degree at the Beijing Tsinghua University and her Master of Architecture degree from the Architecture Association where she studied in the Design Research Lab (DRL). Jaeheon Jung was educated at the Southern California Institute of Architecture and obtained an MS in Urban Design and Planning program from the University of Seoul (South Korea). Yumi Lee received a Master degree in Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania.
The team consists of architects and landscape architects, expert in design research and practice interested in exploring harmonious ecology of human computer and machine. They are currently focusing on ways of constructing complex forms by augmented human builders to develop unique construction processes that cannot be done entirely by automation nor by human labour. Pursuing various expertise in both academia and practice the team collaborates on various projects such as design workshops, research papers and competitions to pursue their research agenda.
The proposed design will be floated virtually over a real site using Microsoft Hololens and the leader of the team will utilize the holographic model as an augmented instruction for the on-site construction. The Augmented Group garden takes visitors through a playful and colourful rope display of topography that reflects the pride of Métis culture and identity. In the garden, visitors can walk along the colorful contours of ropes, sit and lie down on the coiled seating or run up and down on the mounds and pools.
LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS | REFORD GARDENS
Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
From Wikipedia:
Elsie Stephen Meighen - born January 22, 1872, Perth, Ontario - and Robert Wilson Reford - born in 1867, Montreal - got married on June 12, 1894.
Elsie Reford was a pioneer of Canadian horticulture, creating one of the largest private gardens in Canada on her estate, Estevan Lodge in eastern Québec. Located in Grand-Métis on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, her gardens have been open to the public since 1962 and operate under the name Les Jardins de Métis and Reford Gardens.
Born January 22, 1872 at Perth, Ontario, Elsie Reford was the eldest of three children born to Robert Meighen and Elsie Stephen. Coming from modest backgrounds themselves, Elsie’s parents ensured that their children received a good education. After being educated in Montreal, she was sent to finishing school in Dresden and Paris, returning to Montreal fluent in both German and French, and ready to take her place in society.
She married Robert Wilson Reford on June 12, 1894. She gave birth to two sons, Bruce in 1895 and Eric in 1900. Robert and Elsie Reford were, by many accounts, an ideal couple. In 1902, they built a house on Drummond Street in Montreal. They both loved the outdoors and they spend several weeks a year in a log cabin they built at Lac Caribou, south of Rimouski. In the autumn they hunted for caribou, deer, and ducks. They returned in winter to ski and snowshoe. Elsie Reford also liked to ride. She had learned as a girl and spent many hours riding on the slopes of Mount Royal. And of course, there was salmon-fishing – a sport at which she excelled.
In her day, she was known for her civic, social, and political activism. She was engaged in philanthropic activities, particularly for the Montreal Maternity Hospital and she was also the moving force behind the creation of the Women’s Canadian Club of Montreal, the first women club in Canada. She believed it important that the women become involved in debates over the great issues of the day, « something beyond the local gossip of the hour ». Her acquaintance with Lord Grey, the Governor-General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, led to her involvement in organizing, in 1908, Québec City’s tercentennial celebrations. The event was one of many to which she devoted herself in building bridges with French-Canadian community.
During the First World War, she joined her two sons in England and did volunteer work at the War Office, translating documents from German into English. After the war, she was active in the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, and the National Association of Conservative Women.
In 1925 at the age of 53 years, Elsie Reford was operated for appendicitis and during her convalescence, her doctor counselled against fishing, fearing that she did not have the strength to return to the river.”Why not take up gardening?” he said, thinking this a more suitable pastime for a convalescent woman of a certain age. That is why she began laying out the gardens and supervising their construction. The gardens would take ten years to build, and would extend over more than twenty acres.
Elsie Reford had to overcome many difficulties in bringing her garden to life. First among them were the allergies that sometimes left her bedridden for days on end. The second obstacle was the property itself. Estevan was first and foremost a fishing lodge. The site was chosen because of its proximity to a salmon river and its dramatic views – not for the quality of the soil.
To counter-act nature’s deficiencies, she created soil for each of the plants she had selected, bringing peat and sand from nearby farms. This exchange was fortuitous to the local farmers, suffering through the Great Depression. Then, as now, the gardens provided much-needed work to an area with high unemployment. Elsie Reford’s genius as a gardener was born of the knowledge she developed of the needs of plants. Over the course of her long life, she became an expert plantsman. By the end of her life, Elsie Reford was able to counsel other gardeners, writing in the journals of the Royal Horticultural Society and the North American Lily Society. Elsie Reford was not a landscape architect and had no training of any kind as a garden designer. While she collected and appreciated art, she claimed no talents as an artist.
Elsie Stephen Reford died at her Drummond Street home on November 8, 1967 in her ninety-sixth year.
In 1995, the Reford Gardens ("Jardins de Métis") in Grand-Métis were designated a National Historic Site of Canada, as being an excellent Canadian example of the English-inspired garden.(Wikipedia)
Visit : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_Reford
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Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
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LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
Créés par Elsie Reford de 1926 à 1958, ces jardins témoignent de façon remarquable de l’art paysager à l’anglaise. Disposés dans un cadre naturel, un ensemble de jardins exhibent fleurs vivaces, arbres et arbustes. Le jardin des pommetiers, les rocailles et l’Allée royale évoquent l’œuvre de cette dame passionnée d’horticulture. Agrémenté d’un ruisseau et de sentiers sinueux, ce site jouit d’un microclimat favorable à la croissance d’espèces uniques au Canada. Les pavots bleus et les lis, privilégiés par Mme Reford, y fleurissent toujours et contribuent , avec d’autres plantes exotiques et indigènes, à l’harmonie de ces lieux.
Created by Elsie Reford between 1926 and 1958, these gardens are an inspired example of the English art of the garden. Woven into a natural setting, a series of gardens display perennials, trees and shrubs. A crab-apple orchard, a rock garden, and the Long Walk are also the legacy of this dedicated horticulturist. A microclimate favours the growth of species found nowhere else in Canada, while the stream and winding paths add to the charm. Elsie Reford’s beloved blue poppies and lilies still bloom and contribute, with other exotic and indigenous plants, to the harmony of the site.
Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada
Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
Gouvernement du Canada – Government of Canada
© Copyright
This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.
REFORD GARDENS | LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
From Wikipedia:
Elsie Stephen Meighen - born January 22, 1872, Perth, Ontario - and Robert Wilson Reford - born in 1867, Montreal - got married on June 12, 1894.
Elsie Reford was a pioneer of Canadian horticulture, creating one of the largest private gardens in Canada on her estate, Estevan Lodge in eastern Québec. Located in Grand-Métis on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, her gardens have been open to the public since 1962 and operate under the name Les Jardins de Métis and Reford Gardens.
Born January 22, 1872 at Perth, Ontario, Elsie Reford was the eldest of three children born to Robert Meighen and Elsie Stephen. Coming from modest backgrounds themselves, Elsie’s parents ensured that their children received a good education. After being educated in Montreal, she was sent to finishing school in Dresden and Paris, returning to Montreal fluent in both German and French, and ready to take her place in society.
She married Robert Wilson Reford on June 12, 1894. She gave birth to two sons, Bruce in 1895 and Eric in 1900. Robert and Elsie Reford were, by many accounts, an ideal couple. In 1902, they built a house on Drummond Street in Montreal. They both loved the outdoors and they spend several weeks a year in a log cabin they built at Lac Caribou, south of Rimouski. In the autumn they hunted for caribou, deer, and ducks. They returned in winter to ski and snowshoe. Elsie Reford also liked to ride. She had learned as a girl and spent many hours riding on the slopes of Mount Royal. And of course, there was salmon-fishing – a sport at which she excelled.
In her day, she was known for her civic, social, and political activism. She was engaged in philanthropic activities, particularly for the Montreal Maternity Hospital and she was also the moving force behind the creation of the Women’s Canadian Club of Montreal, the first women club in Canada. She believed it important that the women become involved in debates over the great issues of the day, « something beyond the local gossip of the hour ». Her acquaintance with Lord Grey, the Governor-General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, led to her involvement in organizing, in 1908, Québec City’s tercentennial celebrations. The event was one of many to which she devoted herself in building bridges with French-Canadian community.
During the First World War, she joined her two sons in England and did volunteer work at the War Office, translating documents from German into English. After the war, she was active in the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, and the National Association of Conservative Women.
In 1925 at the age of 53 years, Elsie Reford was operated for appendicitis and during her convalescence, her doctor counselled against fishing, fearing that she did not have the strength to return to the river.”Why not take up gardening?” he said, thinking this a more suitable pastime for a convalescent woman of a certain age. That is why she began laying out the gardens and supervising their construction. The gardens would take ten years to build, and would extend over more than twenty acres.
Elsie Reford had to overcome many difficulties in bringing her garden to life. First among them were the allergies that sometimes left her bedridden for days on end. The second obstacle was the property itself. Estevan was first and foremost a fishing lodge. The site was chosen because of its proximity to a salmon river and its dramatic views – not for the quality of the soil.
To counter-act nature’s deficiencies, she created soil for each of the plants she had selected, bringing peat and sand from nearby farms. This exchange was fortuitous to the local farmers, suffering through the Great Depression. Then, as now, the gardens provided much-needed work to an area with high unemployment. Elsie Reford’s genius as a gardener was born of the knowledge she developed of the needs of plants. Over the course of her long life, she became an expert plantsman. By the end of her life, Elsie Reford was able to counsel other gardeners, writing in the journals of the Royal Horticultural Society and the North American Lily Society. Elsie Reford was not a landscape architect and had no training of any kind as a garden designer. While she collected and appreciated art, she claimed no talents as an artist.
Elsie Stephen Reford died at her Drummond Street home on November 8, 1967 in her ninety-sixth year.
In 1995, the Reford Gardens ("Jardins de Métis") in Grand-Métis were designated a National Historic Site of Canada, as being an excellent Canadian example of the English-inspired garden.(Wikipedia)
Visit : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_Reford
Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
Créés par Elsie Reford de 1926 à 1958, ces jardins témoignent de façon remarquable de l’art paysager à l’anglaise. Disposés dans un cadre naturel, un ensemble de jardins exhibent fleurs vivaces, arbres et arbustes. Le jardin des pommetiers, les rocailles et l’Allée royale évoquent l’œuvre de cette dame passionnée d’horticulture. Agrémenté d’un ruisseau et de sentiers sinueux, ce site jouit d’un microclimat favorable à la croissance d’espèces uniques au Canada. Les pavots bleus et les lis, privilégiés par Mme Reford, y fleurissent toujours et contribuent , avec d’autres plantes exotiques et indigènes, à l’harmonie de ces lieux.
Created by Elsie Reford between 1926 and 1958, these gardens are an inspired example of the English art of the garden. Woven into a natural setting, a series of gardens display perennials, trees and shrubs. A crab-apple orchard, a rock garden, and the Long Walk are also the legacy of this dedicated horticulturist. A microclimate favours the growth of species found nowhere else in Canada, while the stream and winding paths add to the charm. Elsie Reford’s beloved blue poppies and lilies still bloom and contribute, with other exotic and indigenous plants, to the harmony of the site.
Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada
Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
Gouvernement du Canada – Government of Canada
© Copyright
This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.
Modern Class Race Rover
Supposedly, the Red team's expertise is speed, but Billy Starbeam doesn't usually get the chance to prove it due to the Red team's total lack of funding. While the Orange team gets cool mechs and ships, and the Blue team has giant tracked vehicles, Billy has to make due with tiny speeders. When building his race rover for the Galactic Terrestrial Rover Racing League, Billy didn't have much to use; he was even forced to use the heads from two decommissioned robots as parts for his racer. Sadly, Billy's racing campaign was none too successful.
For more on the origin of the GTR-RL, watch the video trailer.
The GTR-RL is organized into three classes of racing rovers.
Heritage class rovers are built using only elements available to the theme of the racer. (i.e. a space police 1 race rover would be built using only parts from the 1989 space police theme.) Heritage class rovers represent Lego space themes up through the insectoid theme of 1998-99.
Modern class rovers are built in the same way, but represent Lego space themes from the 2001 theme Life on Mars, through present day space themes.
Unlimited class rovers are built with an unrestricted element palette and can represent Collectible Minifig themes or fan themes such as Pinktron and Suntron, etc
Check out more Race Rovers
The Suspension Bridge in Meung-sur-Loire, located on the Loire River in the Loiret department of France, is an iconic historical structure that has played a significant role in the region's history. Spanning the Loire River, the bridge has served as a crucial transportation route, witnessed numerous historical events, and become a symbol of engineering and architectural prowess. In this article, we will delve into the rich history of the Suspension Bridge, highlighting its construction, importance, and evolution over time.
Construction and Early Years:
The construction of the Suspension Bridge in Meung-sur-Loire began in the mid-19th century. The project was commissioned to improve transportation and connectivity in the region, providing a more reliable and efficient crossing over the Loire River. Designed by renowned French engineer Marc Seguin, the bridge was a testament to his expertise in suspension bridge construction.
Work commenced in 1846, with the first task being the creation of strong foundations and anchorages on both banks of the Loire River. The bridge's main span was supported by large iron chains attached to towers on either side of the river. These towers were constructed using stone and showcased intricate architectural details, blending both functionality and aesthetics.
The completed Suspension Bridge was inaugurated in 1849, marking a new era of transportation and linking the towns of Meung-sur-Loire and Beaugency. Its opening heralded a significant improvement in trade, travel, and social interactions between the two communities.
Importance and Impact:
The Suspension Bridge quickly became a vital artery for both commercial and personal traffic in the Loiret region. It facilitated the transportation of goods, including agricultural produce, across the Loire River, enabling economic growth and development in the area. Moreover, the bridge significantly reduced travel times, providing a faster and more reliable route for people traveling between Meung-sur-Loire and Beaugency.
Beyond its functional importance, the Suspension Bridge became an emblematic landmark, representing the technological and engineering prowess of the era. Its innovative design and construction techniques made it a source of admiration and inspiration for engineers and architects worldwide. The bridge's beauty and architectural significance also attracted tourists and visitors, further contributing to the local economy.
Historical Events and Transformations:
Over the years, the Suspension Bridge in Meung-sur-Loire has witnessed several historical events and undergone transformations to meet the changing demands of transportation. During World War II, the bridge played a crucial role in the military operations, serving as a key crossing point for troops and equipment.
In the post-war period, the increasing weight and volume of traffic necessitated modifications and renovations to ensure the bridge's structural integrity. The original iron chains were replaced with stronger steel cables, enhancing the bridge's load-bearing capacity. The stone towers were also reinforced, and the deck was widened to accommodate larger vehicles and ease traffic congestion.
Throughout its existence, the Suspension Bridge has been subject to periodic maintenance and restoration projects to preserve its historical and architectural value. These efforts have involved repairing and repainting the bridge, reinforcing its foundations, and implementing modern safety measures.
Symbol of Cultural Heritage:
Today, the Suspension Bridge in Meung-sur-Loire stands not only as a functional transportation link but also as a symbol of the region's cultural heritage. It has been recognized and protected as a historical monument, representing the architectural and engineering achievements of its time.
Tourists and locals alike continue to appreciate the bridge's aesthetic appeal and the panoramic views it offers of the picturesque Loire River. The bridge has also become an integral part of the local identity, frequently featuring in postcards, paintings, and promotional materials representing Meung-sur-Loire and the Loiret region.
Conclusion:
The Suspension Bridge in Meung-sur-Loire, spanning the Loire River in the Loiret department of France, is an extraordinary structure with a rich and storied history. From its construction in the mid-19th century to its present-day significance as a symbol of cultural heritage, the bridge has played a vital role in connecting communities, facilitating trade, and inspiring generations.
With its architectural beauty and engineering brilliance, the Suspension Bridge continues to captivate visitors, serving as a reminder of the ingenuity and craftsmanship of the past. As it stands strong over the flowing waters of the Loire River, the bridge remains an enduring testament to human achievement and an integral part of Meung-sur-Loire's historical and cultural landscape.
Meung-sur-Loire is a commune in the Loiret department, north-central France.
It was the site of the Battle of Meung-sur-Loire in 1429.
Geography
Meung-sur-Loire lies 15 km to the west of Orléans on the north bank of the river Loire at the confluence with the river Mauves. The Mauves, actually three rivers, have their source in the water table of the productive agricultural region of the Beauce.
History
A Gallo-Roman fortified village recorded as Magdunum was built in the marais adjoining the river, which in 409 was fired by the invading Alans. The marais was drained, according to tradition by Saint Liphard around the year 520. The canalisation formed the watercourses known as the mauves. He went on to build the chapel which was to become the monastery and the abbey. His relics were deposited in the church in 1104, the year after Louis VI had founded as fortress.
During the 12th century the church was rebuilt in the gothic style, and fortified accommodation for the abbot built alongside. Jeanne d'Arc visited in 1429, and this was the site of the Battle of Meung-sur-Loire. The complex was restored in 1570, again during the 19th century and again in 1985.
The river defined the town, in 1857, 38 mills had the right to use the waters of the rivers to power themselves.
Fiction
In fiction, it has been described by Alexandre Dumas in The Three Musketeers as the village where d'Artagnan, en route to join the King's Musketeers in Paris, first encounters the villainous Comte de Rochefort. Also in fiction, Meung-sur-Loire is the country home of Chief Inspector Jules Maigret, Georges Simenon's classic crime fiction character. Maigret and his wife Louise eventually retire to their Meung-sur-Loire home, where he spends his time fishing (pike), and she tends, according to her sister, any number of animals.
Points of interest
The town is twinned with Lymm in Cheshire, England
Arboretum des Prés des Culands
Château de Meung-sur-Loire
Notable residents
Jean de Meun (c. 1240 – c. 1305), author of the Roman de la Rose
Maurice Larrouy (1882–1939), winner of the 1917 Prix Femina, died in Meung
Gaston Couté (1880-1911), french libertarian poet and song-writer lived here in his childhood and is buried in Meung. A museum in the local of the library is dedicated to his life and works.
Alain Corneau (1943-2010), film director and writer was born in Meung-sur-Loire.
The Diocese of Orléans (Latin: Dioecesis Aurelianensis; French: Diocèse d'Orléans) is a Latin Church diocese of the Catholic Church in France. The diocese currently corresponds to the Départment of Loiret. The current bishop is Jacques André Blaquart, who was appointed in 2010.
The diocese has experienced a number of transfers among different metropolitans. In 1622, the diocese was suffragan of the Archdiocese of Paris; previously the diocese had been a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Sens. From 1966 until 2001 it was under the jurisdiction of the Archdiocese of Bourges, but since the provisional reorganisation of French ecclesiastical provinces, it is now subject to the Archdiocese of Tours.
After the Revolution it was re-established by the Concordat of 1802. It then included the Departments of Loiret and Loir et Cher, but in 1822 Loir et Cher was moved to the new Diocese of Blois.
Jurisdiction
The present Diocese of Orléans differs considerably from that of the old regime; it has lost the arrondissement of Romorantin which has passed to the Diocese of Blois and the canton of Janville, now in the Diocese of Chartres. It includes the arrondissement of Montargis, formerly subject to the Archdiocese of Sens, the arrondissement of Gien, once in the Burgundian Diocese of Auxerre, and the canton of Châtillon sur Loire, once belonging to the Archdiocese of Bourges.
History
To Gerbert, Abbot of St. Pierre le Vif at Sens (1046–79), is due a detailed narrative according to which Saint Savinianus and Saint Potentianus were sent to Sens by St. Peter with St. Altinus; the latter, it was said, came to Orléans as its first bishop. Before the ninth century there is no historical trace in the Diocese of Sens of this Apostolic mission of St. Altinus, nor in the Diocese of Orléans before the end of the fifteenth. Diclopitus is the first authentic bishop; he figures among the bishops of Gaul who (about 344) ratified the absolution of St. Athanasius. Other bishops of the early period are: St. Euvertius (who features in the Calendar of the Book of Common Prayer), about 355 to 385, according to M. Cuissard; Anianus (385-453), who invoked the aid of the "patrician" Ætius against the invasion of Attila, and forced the Huns to raise the siege of Orléans [see Gregory of Tours, The History of the Franks II.6-7]; St. Prosper (453-63); St. Monitor (about 472); St. Flou (Flosculus), died in 490; St. Eucherius (717-43), native of Orléans and a monk of Jumièges, who protested against the depredations of Waifre, a companion of Charles Martel, and was first exiled by this prince to Cologne, then to Liège, and died at the monastery of St. Trond.
Orléans Cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Cross, built from 1278 to 1329; after being pillaged by Huguenots in the 1560s, the Bourbon kings restored it in the 17th century.
After his victory over the Alamanni, the Frankish king Clovis was bent on the sack of Verdun, but the archpriest there obtained mercy for his fellow-citizens. To St. Euspicius and his nephew St. Mesmin (Maximinus), Clovis also gave the domain of Micy, near Orléans at the confluence of the Loire and the Loiret, for a monastery (508). When Euspicius died, the said St. Maximinus became abbot, and during his rule the religious life flourished there notably. The monks of Micy contributed much to the civilization of the Orléans region; they cleared and drained the lands and taught the semi-barbarous inhabitants the worth and dignity of agricultural work. Early in the eighth century, Theodulfus restored the Abbey of Micy and at his request St. Benedict of Aniane sent fourteen monks and visited the abbey himself. The last abbot of Micy, Chapt de Rastignac, was one of the victims of the 1792 "September Massacres", at Paris, in the prison of L'Abbaye.
From Micy monastery, which counted many saints, monastic life spread within and around the diocese. St. Liphardus and St. Urbicius founded the Abbey of Meung-sur-Loire; St. Lyé (Lætus) died a recluse in the forest of Orléans; St. Viatre (Viator) in Sologne; St. Doulchard in the forest of Ambly near Bourges. St. Leonard introduced the monastic life into the territory of Limoges; St. Almir, St. Ulphacius, and St. Bomer in the vicinity of Montmirail; St. Avitus (died about 527) in the district of Chartres; St. Calais (died before 536) and St. Leonard of Vendœuvre (died about 570) in the valley of the Sarthe; St. Fraimbault and St. Constantine in the Javron forest, and the aforesaid St. Bomer (died about 560) in the Passais near Laval; St. Leonard of Dunois; St. Alva and St. Ernier in Perche; St. Laumer (died about 590) became Abbot of Corbion. St. Lubin (Leobinus), a monk of Micy, became Bishop of Chartres from 544–56. Finally saint Ay (Agilus), Viscount of Orléans (died after 587), was also a protector of Micy.
Saints
Among the notable saints of the diocese are:
St. Baudilus, a Nîmes martyr (third or fourth century)
the deacon St. Lucanus, martyr, patron of Loigny (fifth century)
the anchorite St. Donatus (fifth century)
St. May, abbot of Val Benoît (fifth century)
St. Mesme, virgin and (perhaps) martyr, sister of St. Mesmin (sixth century)
St. Felicule, patroness of Gien (sixth century)
St. Sigismund, King of Burgundy, who, by order of the Merovingian Clodomir, and despite the entreaties of St. Avitus, was thrown (524) into a well with his wife and children
St. Gontran, King of Orléans and Burgundy (561-93), a confessor
St. Loup (Lupus), Archbishop of Sens, born near Orléans, and his mother St. Agia (first half of the seventh century)
St. Gregory, former Bishop of Nicopolis, in Bulgaria, who died a recluse at Pithiviers (1004 or 1007)
St. Rose, Abbess of Ervauville (died 1130)
Blessed Odo of Orléans, Bishop of Cambrai (1105–13)
the leper St. Alpaix, died in 1211 at Cudot where she was visited by queen Adèle of Champagne, widow of Louis VII
St. Guillaume (died 1209), Abbot of Fontainejean and subsequently Archbishop of Bourges
the Dominican Blessed Reginald, dean of the collegiate church of St. Aignan, Orléans (died 1220)
the Englishman St. Richard, who studied theology at Orléans in 1236, Bishop of Chichester in 1244, a friend of St. Edmund of Canterbury
St. Maurus, called to France by St. Innocent, Bishop of Le Mans, and sent thither by St. Benedict, resided at Orléans with four companions in 542. St. Radegonde, on her way from Noyon to Poitiers in 544, and St. Columbanus, exiled from Luxeuil at the close of the sixth century, both visited Orléans. Charlemagne had the church of St. Aignan rebuilt and reconstructed the monastery of St. Pierre le Puellier. In the cathedral of Orléans on 31 December 987, Hugh Capet had his son Robert (born at Orléans) crowned king. Innocent II and St. Bernard visited Fleury and Orléans in 1130.
Pilgrimages
The principal pilgrimages of the diocese are: Our Lady of Bethlehem, at Ferrières; Our Lady of Miracles in Orléans city, dating back to the seventh century (Joan of Arc visited the sanctuary on 8 May 1429); Our Lady of Cléry, dating from the thirteenth century, visited by kings Philip the Fair, Philip VI, and especially by Louis XI, who wore in his hat a leaden image of Notre Dame de Cléry and who wished to have his tomb in this sanctuary where Jean de Dunois, one of the heroes of the Hundred Years' War, was also interred.
Later history
The people of Orléans were so impressed by the preaching of Blessed Robert of Arbrissel in 1113 that he was invited to found the monastery of La Madeleine, which he re-visited in 1117 with St. Bernard of Thiron. The charitable deeds of king St. Louis at Puiseaux, Châteauneuf-sur-Loire, and Orléans, where he was present at the translation of the relics of St. Aignan (26 October 1259), and where he frequently went to care for the poor of the Hôtel Dieu, are well known. Pierre de Beaufort, Archdeacon of Sully and canon of Orléans, was, as Gregory XI (1371-8), the last pope that France gave to the Church; he created Cardinal Jean de la Tour d'Auvergne, Abbot of St. Benoît-sur Loire. Blessed Jeanne de Valois was Duchess of Orléans and after her separation from Louis XII (1498) she established, early in the sixteenth century, the monastery of L'Annonciade at Châteauneuf-sur-Loire. Etienne Dolet (1509–46), a printer, philologian, and pamphleteer, executed at Paris and looked upon by some as a "martyr of the Renaissance", was a native of Orléans. Cardinal Odet de Coligny, who joined the Reformation about 1560, was Abbot of St. Euvertius, of Fontainejean, Ferrières, and St. Benoît. Admiral Coligny (1519–72) (see Saint Bartholomew's Day) was born at Châtillon-sur-Loing in the present diocese. At the beginning of the religious wars, Orléans was disputed between the followers of the Guise family and of the Protestant Condé. In the vicinity of Orléans, Duke Francis of Guise was assassinated on 3 February 1562.
The Calvinist Jacques Bongars, councillor of king Henry IV of France, who collected and edited the chronicles of the Crusades in his "Gesta Dei per Francos", was born at Orléans in 1554. The Jesuit Denis Petav (Petavius), a renowned scholar and theologian, was born at Orléans in 1583. St. Francis of Sales came to Orléans in 1618 and 1619. Venerable Mother Françoise de la Croix (1591–1657), a pupil of St. Vincent de Paul, who founded the congregation of Augustinian Sisters of Charity of Notre Dame, was born at Petay in the diocese. The Miramion family, to which Marie Bonneau is celebrated in the annals of charity under the name of Mme de Miramion (1629–96), belonged by marriage, were from Orléans. St. Jane de Chantal was superior of the Orléans convent of the Visitation in 1627. Mme Guyon, celebrated in the annals of Quietism, was born at Montargis in 1648.
France was saved from English domination through the deliverance of Orléans by Joan of Arc (8 May 1429). On 21 July 1455, her rehabilitation was publicly proclaimed at Orléans in a solemn procession, and before her death in November 1458, Isabel Romée, the mother of Joan of Arc, saw a monument erected in honour of her daughter, at Tournelles, near the Orléans bridge. The monument, destroyed by the Huguenots in 1567, was set up again in 1569 when the Catholics were once more masters of the city. Until 1792, and again from 1802 to 1830, finally from 1842 to the present day, a great religious feast, celebrated 8 May of every year at Orléans in honour of Joan of Arc, attracted multitudes.
The Church of Orléans was the last in France to take up again the Roman liturgy (1874). The Sainte Croix cathedral, perhaps built and consecrated by St. Euvertius in the fourth century, was destroyed by fire in 999 and rebuilt from 1278 to 1329; the Protestants pillaged and destroyed it from 1562 to 1567; the Bourbon kings restored it in the seventeenth century.
Modernity
Prior to the Associations Law of 1901, the Diocese of Orléans counted Franciscans, Benedictines, Missionary Priests of the Society of Mary, Lazarists, Missionaries of the Sacred Heart and several orders of teaching Brothers. Among the congregations of women which originated in this diocese must be mentioned: the Calvary Benedictines, a teaching and nursing order founded in 1617 by Princess Antoinette d'Orléans-Longueville, and the Capuchin Leclerc du Tremblay known as Père Joseph; the Sisters of St. Aignan, a teaching order founded in 1853 by Bishop Dupanloup, with mother-house in Orléans.
Twentieth-century bishops of Orleans included Guy Riobé, whose opposition to nuclear weapons led to an altercation with a member of Georges Pompidou's government, and his successor, Jean-Marie Lustiger, who was appointed in 1979 after a long interregnum and shortly afterwards translated to Paris.
Episcopal Ordinaries
Of the eighth-century bishops, Theodulfus was notable. It is not known when he began to govern, but it is certain that he was already bishop in 798, when Charlemagne sent him into Narbonne and Provence as missus dominicus. Under king Louis le Débonnaire he was accused of aiding the rebellious King of Italy, was deposed and imprisoned four years in a monastery at Angers, but was released when Louis came to Angers in 821, reportedly after hearing Theodulfus sing All Glory, Laud and Honour. The "Capitularies" which Theodulfus addressed to the clergy of Orléans are considered a most important monument of Catholic tradition on the duties of priests and the faithful. His Ritual, his Penitential, his treatise on baptism, confirmation and the Eucharist, his edition of the Bible, a work of fine penmanship preserved in the Puy cathedral, reveal him as one of the foremost men of his time. His fame rests chiefly on his devotion to the spread of learning. The Abbey of Ferrières was then becoming under Alcuin a centre of learning. Theodulfus opened the Abbey of Fleury to the young noblemen sent thither by Charlemagne, invited the clergy to establish free schools in the country districts, and quoted for them, "These that are learned shall shine as the brightness of the firmament: and they that instruct many to justice, as stars to all eternity" (Dan., xii 3). One monument of his time still survives in the diocese, the apse of the church of Germigny-des-Prés modelled after the imperial chapel, and yet retaining its unique mosaic decoration.
Medieval Bishops
Aignan of Orleans, or Agnan (Latin: Anianus) (b. 358 – d. 453), assisted Roman general Flavius Aetius in the defense of the city against Attila the Hun in 451.
Namatius, an ambassador of King Guntram to the Bretons
Eucherius of Orléans
Jonas (821 – 843), who wrote a treatise against the Iconoclasts, also a treatise on the Christian life and a book on the duties of kings
St. Thierry II (1016 – 21)
Jean, consecrated on 1 March 1098
Blessed Philip Berruyer (1234 – 1236)
Blessed Roger le Fort (1321 – 1328)
John Carmichael of Douglasdale (Jean de St Michel)
Regnault de Chartres † (9 Jan 1439 Appointed – 4 Apr 1444 Died)
Pierre Bureau † (20 Nov 1447 Appointed – 10 Dec 1451 Appointed, Bishop of Béziers)
François de Brillac † (3 Nov 1473 Appointed – 22 Dec 1504 Appointed, Archbishop of Aix)
Christophe de Brillac † (19 Jan 1504 Appointed – 4 Feb 1514 Appointed, Archbishop of Tours)
Jean d’Orléans-Longueville † (26 Jun 1521 Appointed – 24 Sep 1533 Died)
Antoine Sanguin de Meudon † (6 Nov 1533 Appointed – 20 Oct 1550 Resigned)
François de Faucon † (20 Oct 1550 Appointed – 12 Oct 1551 Appointed, Bishop of Mâcon)
Pierre du Chastel † (12 Oct 1551 Appointed – 3 Feb 1552 Died)
Jean de Morvillier † (27 Apr 1552 Appointed – 1564 Resigned)
Mathurin de la Saussaye † (6 Sep 1564 Appointed – 9 Feb 1584 Died)
Denis Hurault † (9 Feb 1584 Succeeded – 1586 Resigned)
Germain Vaillant de Guelin † (27 Oct 1586 Appointed – 15 Sep 1587 Died)
Jean de L’Aubespine † (16 Mar 1588 Appointed – 23 Feb 1596 Died)
Early Modern Bishops
Gabriel de L’Aubespine † (15 Mar 1604 Appointed – 15 Aug 1630 Died)
Nicolas de Netz † (27 Jan 1631 Appointed – 20 Jan 1646 Died)
Alphonse d’Elbène † (21 Jan 1647 Appointed – 20 May 1665 Died)
Pierre-Armand du Cambout de Coislin † (29 Mar 1666 Confirmed – 5 Feb 1706 Died)
Louis-Gaston Fleuriau d’Armenonville † (15 Nov 1706 Confirmed – 9 Jun 1733 Died)
Nicolas-Joseph de Paris † (9 Jun 1733 Succeeded – 10 Jan 1754 Resigned)
Louis-Joseph de Montmorency-Laval † (14 Jan 1754 Confirmed – 28 Feb 1758 Resigned)
Louis-Sextius de Jarente de La Bruyère † (13 Mar 1758 Confirmed – 28 May 1788 Died)
Louis-François-Alexandre de Jarente de Senas d’Orgeval † (28 May 1788 Succeeded – 22 Nov 1793 Resigned)
Modern Bishops
Etienne-Alexandre-Jean-Baptiste-Marie Bernier † (9 Apr 1802 Appointed – 1 Oct 1806 Died)
Claude-Louis Rousseau † (22 Mar 1807 Appointed – 7 Oct 1810 Died)
Pierre-Marin Rouph de Varicourt † (8 Aug 1817 Appointed – 9 Dec 1822 Died)
Jean Brumault de Beauregard † (13 Jan 1823 Appointed – Jan 1839 Retired)
François-Nicholas-Madeleine Morlot † (10 Mar 1839 Appointed – 28 Jun 1842 Appointed, Archbishop of Tours)
Jean-Jacques Fayet † (10 Oct 1842 Appointed – 4 Apr 1849 Died)
Félix-Antoine-Philibert Dupanloup † (16 Apr 1849 Appointed – 11 Oct 1878 Died)
Pierre-Hector Coullié (Couillié) † (12 Oct 1878 Succeeded – 14 Jun 1893 Appointed, Archbishop of Lyon)
Stanislas-Arthur-Xavier Touchet † (29 Jan 1894 Appointed – 23 Sep 1926 Died)
Jules-Marie-Victor Courcoux † (20 Dec 1926 Appointed – 28 Mar 1951 Died)
Robert Picard de La Vacquerie † (27 Aug 1951 Appointed – 23 May 1963 Resigned)
Guy-Marie-Joseph Riobé † (23 May 1963 Succeeded – 18 Jul 1978 Died)
Jean-Marie Lustiger † (10 Nov 1979 Appointed – 31 Jan 1981 Appointed, Archbishop of Paris)[3]
René Lucien Picandet † (13 Jun 1981 Appointed – 20 Oct 1997 Died)
Gérard Antoine Daucourt (2 Jul 1998 Appointed – 18 Jun 2002 Appointed, Bishop of Nanterre)
André Louis Fort (28 Nov 2002 Appointed – 27 Jul 2010 Retired)
Jacques André Blaquart (27 Jul 2010 Appointed – )
7343-210
From the plaque:
AUGMENTED GROUNDS 2020
Soomeen Hahm, Jaeheon Jung, Yumi Lee
Seoul, South Korea
Soomeen Hahn obtained her Bachelor of Architecture degree at the Beijing Tsinghua University and her Master of Architecture degree from the Architecture Association where she studied in the Design Research Lab (DRL). Jaeheon Jung was educated at the Southern California Institute of Architecture and obtained an MS in Urban Design and Planning program from the University of Seoul (South Korea). Yumi Lee received a Master degree in Landscape Architecture from the University of Pennsylvania.
The team consists of architects and landscape architects, expert in design research and practice interested in exploring harmonious ecology of human computer and machine. They are currently focusing on ways of constructing complex forms by augmented human builders to develop unique construction processes that cannot be done entirely by automation nor by human labour. Pursuing various expertise in both academia and practice the team collaborates on various projects such as design workshops, research papers and competitions to pursue their research agenda.
The proposed design will be floated virtually over a real site using Microsoft Hololens and the leader of the team will utilize the holographic model as an augmented instruction for the on-site construction. The Augmented Group garden takes visitors through a playful and colourful rope display of topography that reflects the pride of Métis culture and identity. In the garden, visitors can walk along the colorful contours of ropes, sit and lie down on the coiled seating or run up and down on the mounds and pools.
LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS | REFORD GARDENS
Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
From Wikipedia:
Elsie Stephen Meighen - born January 22, 1872, Perth, Ontario - and Robert Wilson Reford - born in 1867, Montreal - got married on June 12, 1894.
Elsie Reford was a pioneer of Canadian horticulture, creating one of the largest private gardens in Canada on her estate, Estevan Lodge in eastern Québec. Located in Grand-Métis on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, her gardens have been open to the public since 1962 and operate under the name Les Jardins de Métis and Reford Gardens.
Born January 22, 1872 at Perth, Ontario, Elsie Reford was the eldest of three children born to Robert Meighen and Elsie Stephen. Coming from modest backgrounds themselves, Elsie’s parents ensured that their children received a good education. After being educated in Montreal, she was sent to finishing school in Dresden and Paris, returning to Montreal fluent in both German and French, and ready to take her place in society.
She married Robert Wilson Reford on June 12, 1894. She gave birth to two sons, Bruce in 1895 and Eric in 1900. Robert and Elsie Reford were, by many accounts, an ideal couple. In 1902, they built a house on Drummond Street in Montreal. They both loved the outdoors and they spend several weeks a year in a log cabin they built at Lac Caribou, south of Rimouski. In the autumn they hunted for caribou, deer, and ducks. They returned in winter to ski and snowshoe. Elsie Reford also liked to ride. She had learned as a girl and spent many hours riding on the slopes of Mount Royal. And of course, there was salmon-fishing – a sport at which she excelled.
In her day, she was known for her civic, social, and political activism. She was engaged in philanthropic activities, particularly for the Montreal Maternity Hospital and she was also the moving force behind the creation of the Women’s Canadian Club of Montreal, the first women club in Canada. She believed it important that the women become involved in debates over the great issues of the day, « something beyond the local gossip of the hour ». Her acquaintance with Lord Grey, the Governor-General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, led to her involvement in organizing, in 1908, Québec City’s tercentennial celebrations. The event was one of many to which she devoted herself in building bridges with French-Canadian community.
During the First World War, she joined her two sons in England and did volunteer work at the War Office, translating documents from German into English. After the war, she was active in the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, and the National Association of Conservative Women.
In 1925 at the age of 53 years, Elsie Reford was operated for appendicitis and during her convalescence, her doctor counselled against fishing, fearing that she did not have the strength to return to the river.”Why not take up gardening?” he said, thinking this a more suitable pastime for a convalescent woman of a certain age. That is why she began laying out the gardens and supervising their construction. The gardens would take ten years to build, and would extend over more than twenty acres.
Elsie Reford had to overcome many difficulties in bringing her garden to life. First among them were the allergies that sometimes left her bedridden for days on end. The second obstacle was the property itself. Estevan was first and foremost a fishing lodge. The site was chosen because of its proximity to a salmon river and its dramatic views – not for the quality of the soil.
To counter-act nature’s deficiencies, she created soil for each of the plants she had selected, bringing peat and sand from nearby farms. This exchange was fortuitous to the local farmers, suffering through the Great Depression. Then, as now, the gardens provided much-needed work to an area with high unemployment. Elsie Reford’s genius as a gardener was born of the knowledge she developed of the needs of plants. Over the course of her long life, she became an expert plantsman. By the end of her life, Elsie Reford was able to counsel other gardeners, writing in the journals of the Royal Horticultural Society and the North American Lily Society. Elsie Reford was not a landscape architect and had no training of any kind as a garden designer. While she collected and appreciated art, she claimed no talents as an artist.
Elsie Stephen Reford died at her Drummond Street home on November 8, 1967 in her ninety-sixth year.
In 1995, the Reford Gardens ("Jardins de Métis") in Grand-Métis were designated a National Historic Site of Canada, as being an excellent Canadian example of the English-inspired garden.(Wikipedia)
Visit : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_Reford
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
Créés par Elsie Reford de 1926 à 1958, ces jardins témoignent de façon remarquable de l’art paysager à l’anglaise. Disposés dans un cadre naturel, un ensemble de jardins exhibent fleurs vivaces, arbres et arbustes. Le jardin des pommetiers, les rocailles et l’Allée royale évoquent l’œuvre de cette dame passionnée d’horticulture. Agrémenté d’un ruisseau et de sentiers sinueux, ce site jouit d’un microclimat favorable à la croissance d’espèces uniques au Canada. Les pavots bleus et les lis, privilégiés par Mme Reford, y fleurissent toujours et contribuent , avec d’autres plantes exotiques et indigènes, à l’harmonie de ces lieux.
Created by Elsie Reford between 1926 and 1958, these gardens are an inspired example of the English art of the garden. Woven into a natural setting, a series of gardens display perennials, trees and shrubs. A crab-apple orchard, a rock garden, and the Long Walk are also the legacy of this dedicated horticulturist. A microclimate favours the growth of species found nowhere else in Canada, while the stream and winding paths add to the charm. Elsie Reford’s beloved blue poppies and lilies still bloom and contribute, with other exotic and indigenous plants, to the harmony of the site.
Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada
Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
Gouvernement du Canada – Government of Canada
© Copyright
This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.
REFORD GARDENS | LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
From Wikipedia:
Elsie Stephen Meighen - born January 22, 1872, Perth, Ontario - and Robert Wilson Reford - born in 1867, Montreal - got married on June 12, 1894.
Elsie Reford was a pioneer of Canadian horticulture, creating one of the largest private gardens in Canada on her estate, Estevan Lodge in eastern Québec. Located in Grand-Métis on the south shore of the St. Lawrence River, her gardens have been open to the public since 1962 and operate under the name Les Jardins de Métis and Reford Gardens.
Born January 22, 1872 at Perth, Ontario, Elsie Reford was the eldest of three children born to Robert Meighen and Elsie Stephen. Coming from modest backgrounds themselves, Elsie’s parents ensured that their children received a good education. After being educated in Montreal, she was sent to finishing school in Dresden and Paris, returning to Montreal fluent in both German and French, and ready to take her place in society.
She married Robert Wilson Reford on June 12, 1894. She gave birth to two sons, Bruce in 1895 and Eric in 1900. Robert and Elsie Reford were, by many accounts, an ideal couple. In 1902, they built a house on Drummond Street in Montreal. They both loved the outdoors and they spend several weeks a year in a log cabin they built at Lac Caribou, south of Rimouski. In the autumn they hunted for caribou, deer, and ducks. They returned in winter to ski and snowshoe. Elsie Reford also liked to ride. She had learned as a girl and spent many hours riding on the slopes of Mount Royal. And of course, there was salmon-fishing – a sport at which she excelled.
In her day, she was known for her civic, social, and political activism. She was engaged in philanthropic activities, particularly for the Montreal Maternity Hospital and she was also the moving force behind the creation of the Women’s Canadian Club of Montreal, the first women club in Canada. She believed it important that the women become involved in debates over the great issues of the day, « something beyond the local gossip of the hour ». Her acquaintance with Lord Grey, the Governor-General of Canada from 1904 to 1911, led to her involvement in organizing, in 1908, Québec City’s tercentennial celebrations. The event was one of many to which she devoted herself in building bridges with French-Canadian community.
During the First World War, she joined her two sons in England and did volunteer work at the War Office, translating documents from German into English. After the war, she was active in the Victorian Order of Nurses, the Montreal Council of Social Agencies, and the National Association of Conservative Women.
In 1925 at the age of 53 years, Elsie Reford was operated for appendicitis and during her convalescence, her doctor counselled against fishing, fearing that she did not have the strength to return to the river.”Why not take up gardening?” he said, thinking this a more suitable pastime for a convalescent woman of a certain age. That is why she began laying out the gardens and supervising their construction. The gardens would take ten years to build, and would extend over more than twenty acres.
Elsie Reford had to overcome many difficulties in bringing her garden to life. First among them were the allergies that sometimes left her bedridden for days on end. The second obstacle was the property itself. Estevan was first and foremost a fishing lodge. The site was chosen because of its proximity to a salmon river and its dramatic views – not for the quality of the soil.
To counter-act nature’s deficiencies, she created soil for each of the plants she had selected, bringing peat and sand from nearby farms. This exchange was fortuitous to the local farmers, suffering through the Great Depression. Then, as now, the gardens provided much-needed work to an area with high unemployment. Elsie Reford’s genius as a gardener was born of the knowledge she developed of the needs of plants. Over the course of her long life, she became an expert plantsman. By the end of her life, Elsie Reford was able to counsel other gardeners, writing in the journals of the Royal Horticultural Society and the North American Lily Society. Elsie Reford was not a landscape architect and had no training of any kind as a garden designer. While she collected and appreciated art, she claimed no talents as an artist.
Elsie Stephen Reford died at her Drummond Street home on November 8, 1967 in her ninety-sixth year.
In 1995, the Reford Gardens ("Jardins de Métis") in Grand-Métis were designated a National Historic Site of Canada, as being an excellent Canadian example of the English-inspired garden.(Wikipedia)
Visit : en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsie_Reford
Visit : www.refordgardens.com/
LES JARDINS DE MÉTIS
Créés par Elsie Reford de 1926 à 1958, ces jardins témoignent de façon remarquable de l’art paysager à l’anglaise. Disposés dans un cadre naturel, un ensemble de jardins exhibent fleurs vivaces, arbres et arbustes. Le jardin des pommetiers, les rocailles et l’Allée royale évoquent l’œuvre de cette dame passionnée d’horticulture. Agrémenté d’un ruisseau et de sentiers sinueux, ce site jouit d’un microclimat favorable à la croissance d’espèces uniques au Canada. Les pavots bleus et les lis, privilégiés par Mme Reford, y fleurissent toujours et contribuent , avec d’autres plantes exotiques et indigènes, à l’harmonie de ces lieux.
Created by Elsie Reford between 1926 and 1958, these gardens are an inspired example of the English art of the garden. Woven into a natural setting, a series of gardens display perennials, trees and shrubs. A crab-apple orchard, a rock garden, and the Long Walk are also the legacy of this dedicated horticulturist. A microclimate favours the growth of species found nowhere else in Canada, while the stream and winding paths add to the charm. Elsie Reford’s beloved blue poppies and lilies still bloom and contribute, with other exotic and indigenous plants, to the harmony of the site.
Commission des lieux et monuments historiques du Canada
Historic Sites and Monuments Board of Canada.
Gouvernement du Canada – Government of Canada
© Copyright
This photo and all those in my Photostream are protected by copyright. No one may reproduce, copy, transmit or manipulate them without my written permission.
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
My vast experience with stocking adjustments allows me to execute them flawlessly without even looking.
Mysteries of nature, modern enchantments, and the curse words of colorful incantations were among the many topics addressed in the two-day symposium “Magic and the Occult in Islam and Beyond,” held on March 2-3. Organized by Travis Zadeh (Yale University), the symposium brought together an international array of scholars with diverse areas of expertise. The papers and discussions that ensued addressed the place of the occult in Islamic thought and the modern challenges of thinking in scholarly terms with alternative and contested epistemologies. The event was funded by the Council on Middle East Studies at the MacMillan Center at Yale and the Edward J. and Dorothy Clarke Kempf Memorial Fund, and was sponsored by the Departments of Religious Studies and Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations and the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library.
The symposium opened with the question “Where to Locate the Occult?” — a panel dedicated to the definitional problems of marking various practices in Islamic history as magical or occult. Christian Lange (Utrecht University, the Netherlands) probed the Arabic concept sihr, meaning generally magic or enchantment, through an examination of its place in eschatological, ethical, and legal literature. Nicholas Harris (University of Pennsylvania) discussed the history of Islamic alchemy as a “mystical and symbolic form of spirituality” and its ultimate rejection in the nineteenth century as pseudo-science. Frank Griffel (Yale), who served as discussant, outlined the ontological interconnections between magic and miracle in classical Islamic theology, while Shawkat Toorawa (Yale) moderated the lively conversation that followed.
The second panel focused on the occult metaphysics of the Iranian theologian Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (d. 1209), a topic that has received relatively little scholarly attention. Michael Noble (Warburg Institute, London) introduced the concept of the universal soul, a lynchpin to Razi’s cosmology of the occult, which draws on neoplatonic currents explored earlier by such imminent thinkers as Ibn Sina (d. 1037) and al-Ghazali (d. 1111). The art historian Yael Rice (Amherst College) discussed an illuminated Persian adaptation of Razi’s book of astral magic produced in the Mughal court of India during the sixteenth century, a unique manuscript filled with talismanic images, visuals of astrological degrees, and “recipes for suffumigations to be used for the purpose of astral piety.” Yahya Michot (Hartford Seminary) presided over the panel as a discussant.
The final panel of the first day turned to rituals and spells, in both theory and practice. Elizabeth Price (Yale) explored early theological debates that sought to establish in various forms a rational basis to Islamic ritual devotional activity in the face of antinomian critiques attacking religious law as fundamentally irrational. Moving beyond these theological concerns, Emily Selove (University of Exeter) examined the rhetorical and at times rather obscene dimensions animating the spells and incantations in the Arabic grimoire of Siraj al-Din al-Sakkaki (d. 1229). As the discussant for the panel, Toorawa addressed how the category of prayer, from the devotional to the apotropaic and prophylactic, has been woefully under theorized in Islamic studies, a comment that led to a vigorous discussion about analytical categories, a theme repeated throughout the day.
The second day of the symposium began in the Beinecke Rare Books and Manuscript Library with a roundtable discussion entitled “How to Handle the Occult?” This hands-on session examined an array of occult manuscripts and devotional materials that Zadeh had curated from the rich holdings of the Beinecke collection. These included a fragmentary collection of incantations (Landberg MSS 35a); treatises by al-Būnī (d. 1225) and Ibn Turka (d. 1432), two luminaries of classical Islamic occult learning (Hartford Seminary Arabic MSS 70 and The Landberg MSS 146); and a scroll containing Quranic verses, and invocations with magical squares and talismanic figures (Arabic MSS 341). The roundtable consisted of presentations by Zadeh, Selove, Matthew Melvin-Koushki (University of South Carolina), and Noah Gardiner (University of South Carolina). Zadeh characterized the countless codicological materials that remain largely unexamined and unedited, particularly in the wide-ranging fields of the occult learning, as vital resources for addressing major lacunae in the modern historiography of Islamic thought.
The question of reception history continued into the fifth panel, which focused on the Arabic epistles by the famed Brethren of Purity (Ikhwan al-Safa’), written in tenth-century Iraq. Godefroid de Callataÿ (Université catholique de Louvain, Belgium) examined various allegorical interpretations of the Brethren’s celebrated Animal Fable in light of their larger political and metaphysical philosophy. Liana Saif (University of Oxford and Université catholique de Louvain) addressed the central role of magic as a licit sphere of learning in the Brethren’s program of religious renewal. Salimeh Maghsoudlou (Yale), the panel’s discussant, spoke to the broader problem of hierarchal stratification, in the tension running throughout the epistles between esoteric and exoteric structures of knowledge.
This was followed by a panel dedicated to courtly contexts for the production of occult learning. Noah Gardiner explored the diverse codicological recensions of Ibn Khaldun’s (d. 1406) treatment of occult learning in light of his courtly audience in Mamluk Cairo. Matthew Melvin-Koushki discussed the ontological coincidence of opposites as advanced by the occultist Ibn Turka (d. 1432), which served as a basis for imperial ideology amongst the Timurids, Ottomans, and Mughals. Anna Akasoy (CUNY Graduate School and Hunter College), who presided over the panel, addressed how a cosmology of imperial love could be put to the service of violence and hegemony.
The penultimate panel continued the theme of courtly patronage with two papers focused on the Ottoman period. Özgen Felek (Yale) explored the various occult interests of the Ottoman Sultan Murād III (d. 1595), which included astrology, astral magic, books of dream interpretations, and talismanic clothing and objects. Tuna Artun (Rutgers University) turned to divinatory material from the seventeenth century and its mobilization in the service of Ottoman politics. In his role as discussant, Ryan Brizendine (Yale) raised several notable parallels in both papers with contemporary practices in the Mughal court.
The final panel explored points of rupture and continuity in the modern period with a presentation by the anthropologist Alireza Doostdar (University of Chicago) of his fieldwork on occult learning and witchcraft in modern-day Iran. Doostdar turned to the trope of “gullible women” as sites of moral corruption in the competing discourses of secular modernists and religious reformists. Addressing the “hegemonic forms of rationality” that have constituted particular practices as deviant and heterodox, Abbas Amanat (Yale), who served as respondent, spoke to the broader currents in modern Iranian history that have sought to regulate and reform women’s bodies. Samuel Ross (Yale) presided as chair over the stimulating conversation that ensued.
A curious feeling of wonder followed the entire symposium, from the marvelous images of mysterious manuscripts and powerful charms to the array of voices in and outside the fields of Islamic magic, led by professors from the Yale community and beyond. Further synergies catalyzed in the contributions by the many doctoral students who participated, namely Elizabeth Price, Ryan Brizendine, Samuel Ross, Nicholas Harris, and Michael Noble, along with various graduate students who traveled to attend. Through it all, a wondrous excitement persisted, as the symposium drew to a close with reflections on the state of the field and thoughts of more conversations to come.
religiousstudies.yale.edu/news/hidden-histories-islamic-m...
The word alone is temptation for men one too many times, especially for them who seeks 'miracle'. In Islam, however, the practice of sihr (magic, which means something that is hidden and its cause is unknown) is an act of kufr (disbelief); therefore magic and sorcery is forbidden it is considered haram. Even the act of believing in it without practicing it is also haram. Magic here, means sorcery, witchcraft, fortune-telling and occults. It should to be noted but the so called magic used for entertainment, such as magic shows is not prohibited by Islam provided that the 'magicians' do not violate any of the dictates of Islam in any way.
Practitioners of magic (Muslims, that is) believe in magical power, a demonic power (as it is said that one cannot attain sorcery without seeking the help of the devil), and would often worship it. As such, they would then claim that there is other greater power aside than Allah when as Muslims, they are to, and must, accept only Allah as the one and only God, the powerful one. Believing in any other supreme being would be an act of disbelief towards Allah. Learning magic is also an act of disbelief because they claim to have magical powers, when such powers can only exist in the Almighty himself.
The Prophet mentions this,
"Whoever goes to a fortune-teller or a soothsayer and believes in what he says has disbelieved in what was revealed to Muhammad."
Since magic is believed to be as powerful as God, it would be no different than to associate sorcery with Allah. And the act of associating anything or anyone with God in manners of worship is a great sin that comes with severe punishment. Al-Maaidah 5:72 says:
"Verily whoever sets up partners with Allah, then Allah has forbidden Paradise for him and the fire will be his abode. And for the Zalimun (Polytheists, and wrongdoers) there are no helpers."
This is further evidenced by the warnings of the messenger of God:
"Keep away from the seven destructive sins!" They said, "What are they, O Messenger of Allah?" He answered, "Associating partners with Allah; practicing sorcery; taking a life, which Allah has made forbidden except for a just cause (according to Islamic Law); eating Riba (usury) eating up an orphan's wealth; fleeing from the battle field at the time of fighting (with the unbelievers); and accusing chaste women, who never think of anything that can touch their chastity and who are good believers, of fornication.
Besides that, sorcerers would manipulate simple-minded, naive folks in to believing their power and thus magic as well. These lead the believers towards magic, and hence lead them away from God. Such act is considered evil or Satanic, for only Satan seeks to remove the believers from their faith in God.
Another reason why sorcery and magic is a sin is due to its influences and consequences. Sorcery tempts men with evil and causes a family to break apart. It manipulates the weak-minded, dominates their mind and influences them to do bad deeds. More often than, men seeks magic to instill harm unto other beings. Again, leading men towards evil instead goodness.
Magic is hardly ever used for good purposes, though some would claim that, calling it white magic. But even if magic is used for good intentions, it remains a fact that it is dependent on unnatural powers and abilities, something that is not God-give (otherwise, He wouldn't have forbid it). Not to mention that the practice of white magic is a slippery slope to descending to black magic, which generally harms all and benefits none.
www.facebook.com/notes/1000000-ask-about-islam/why-does-i...
I know 42 different forms of martial arts, 35 different languages, virtually all forms of interrogation, and my expertise on various sciences could earn me multiple PhDs. I know this city's major criminals more than themselves, right down to their blood-types. One thing I will never, ever understand is why I bother to visit the Wayne Enterprises building. Lucius gladly handles all the gruntwork of running the company, And hardly anyone is ever really thrilled to see me. I sit at a table full of money-hungry executives who are about as interesting to me as the television shows Tim watches. I can hardly stand how horribly dull it is. So I call up Alfred, and I leave. I can get some real work done when I get home. I can already see Alfred in my day car through the building entrance. On my way out, my drive home is hindered by a man I really didn't want to see.
"Mister Wayne! Wait, please! I--"
"Whatever is is you want Arthur, the answer is no. I don't deal with criminals."
"Well, actually, you kinda do..."
"Smarter than you look. You know what will happen to you if you don't stay quiet, right?"
"Y-yes, I know. But please, I need to talk to you."
"First, you talk to me. You should be serving 15 at Blackgate right now. Your sentence isn't even half over. How are you out?"
"Government came through, demanded some morons for a suicide mission. I'm the sole survivor. I've seen horrible, horrible things for this country."
"The worst part is that's entirely believable. What do you want from me?"
"Some kind of job. Something to make myself a decent member of society."
"A few years ago you could care less about being 'a decent member of society'."
"I know. Those years are behind me. I don't care for stupid clues or stolen money. That suicide mission I told you about? It...changed me. It made me realize the only things I have worth living for are my family."
"So you just want me to get you to your daughter. She's not interested in you."
"I know. I deserve it. Look, I just want to show her I'm not the scumbag she was forced to grow up with anymore. That I can be a good father."
"You've had many chances times and you blew every one of them. I don't see why you deserve another one."
"I know but-hey, wait-don't-MISTER WAYNE!"
"What?"
This dress suit costs $3,500 dollars and it can't even take the winter cold. And this man, this lowlife is wasting my time. I put as much bite as I can into my response to his pleas. This was where he starts to surprise me. He falls to his knees, clasps his hands together, and actually begs to me.
"Please...I know I'm worthless. I know I don't deserve your time or anything I'm asking for, but please...my family, my daughter...I love my daughter. She's all I have left. Please, Wayne, just one chance to take everything back. One chance to make her happy. One chance to get her to forgive me. Please...it's I have left to live for...."
".... 8 A.M at my manor gates. If you're not there then, I don't want to see you. Ever. Got it."
"Really!...I mean, uh, thank you! I'll be there!"
............................................................................................................
"I saw the entire spectacle, sir. Might I ask what Mr. Brown wanted from you?"
"A chance to take everything back. A chance to rekindle with Stephanie."
"Did you give him it?"
"Yes."
"I know It's my business to ask sir, but may I ask why? Stephanie has quite the animosity towards her father."
"He got on he knees and begged for it Alfred. I shot him "'the look' for it and he didn't budge."
" "The Look'? What in heaven's name is?....Oh dear. That poor man..."
"Not quite. I didn't see an ounce of fear in his eyes Alfred. I instead saw something I don't see often in the eyes of people like him."
"And just what was that?"
"Honesty."
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The roots of the GDR's air forces laid in the time even before the founding of the National People's Army. The aim was to provide a structural basis and a basis for building the expertise needed to deploy and operate air forces. For this purpose, in 1951, initially under the lead of the Ministry of the Interior and under the influence of Soviet advisors, the so-called Kasernierte Volkspolizei (People's Police (Air) Quartered in Barracks (= on constant duty), KVP) with staff from the People's Police Air (VP-Luft) was set up in Berlin-Johannisthal. It was not a true air force, but rather a training unit that prepared the foundation of a true military power.
However, the KVP led to the GDR's 1st Air Division with three regiments. Training was carried out from 1953 onwards on various Soviet types, including the An-2, MiG-15, La-9 (only for training on the ground), Yak-18 and Yak-11 aircraft. All equipment was provided by the Soviet Union. However, from the beginning of 1952, the training of the future ground crew and the pilots in the so-called X course began secretly, and at the same time the GDR tried to build and test aeronautic engineering competences.
For this purpose, a military unit was established at the VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD), an institution which was also the workplace of Brunolf Baade, the designer of the Baade 152 airliner which was built and tested between 1956 and 1961. The GDR's newly formed Air Division was keen on an ingenious fighter aircraft, despite the modern MiG-15 having become available from the USSR. The primary subject was a re-build of the WWII Messerschmitt Me 262, but the lack of plans and especially of suitable engines soon led to an end of this project, even though contacts with Avia in Czechoslovakia were made where a small number of Me 262 had been produced as S-92 fighters and trainers.
Since many senior pilots in GDR service had experience with the WWII Bf 109, and there had been a considerable number of more or less finished airframes after the Soviet occupation of Eastern Germany, FWD proposed a modernization program for the still existing material, much like the Avia S-199 program in Czechoslovakia.
The project received the code number "53" (for the year of its initiation) and structural basis for the not-so-new fighter for the GDR's nascent air force were primarily late Bf 109G and some Bf 109K airframes, reflected by an "A" and "B" suffix. Unlike the Czechoslovakian Avia S-199, which was re-engined with a rather sluggish Junkers Jumo 211 F, the FWD-53 fighter from Dresden was to be powered by a supercharged Mikulin AM-35 engine. This was a considerable reduction in output, since the late Bf 109 engines produced up to 2.000 hp, while the AM-35 just provided 1.400 hp. With some tuning and local modifications, however, the engine for the service aircraft was pushed to yield 1.100 kW (1,500 hp), and the fact that it was smaller and lighter than the original engine somewhat compensated for the lack of power.
Another feature that differed from the S-199 was the radiator system: the original Bf 109 underwing coolers were retained, even though the internal systems were replaced with new and more efficient heat exchangers and a new plumbing.
In order to save weight, the FWD-53's armament was relatively light. It consisted of a pair of heavy 12.7 mm Berezin UBS machine guns and a single 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon. These three weapons were mounted above the engine, synchronized to fire through the propeller disc. This standard armament could be augmented with a further pair of NS-23 cannon, carried in pods under the outer wings (instead of a pair of bombs of up to 250 kg caliber). Alternatively, a ventral hardpoint allowed the carriage of a single 500 kg (1.100 lb) bomb or a 300l drop tank.
In the course of 1952 and 1953, a total of 39 Bf 109 airframes from GDR and also Czech and Polish origin were converted or re-built from existing components at Dresden. At the end of November 1953, the KVP's reorganization was carried out as a staff of the administration of the units initially called Aero clubs in Cottbus and the change of subordination by the MoI directly under the Deputy Minister and head of the Kasernierten People's Police. The air regiments were restructured into Aeroklubs 1 (Cottbus), 2 (Drewitz) and 3 (Bautzen), which in turn were divided into two sections. From 1954 onwards, the FWD-53 fleet joined these training units and were primarily tasked with advanced weapons training and dissimilar aerial combat.
On March 1, 1956, the GDR's air forces were officially formed as part of the Nationale Volksarmee (NVA, National People's Army). First of all the management of the aeroclubs, according to the Soviet model, gave rise to the Administrations Air Force (LSK) in Cottbus and Air Defense (LV) in Strausberg (Eggersdorf). The initial plans were to found three Jagdfliegerdivisionen (fighter squadrons), a Schlachtfliegerdivision (attack squadron) and a Flak (AA gunnery) division, but only the 1st and 3rd Air Division and the 1st Flak Division were eventually set up. On June 1, 1957, a merger of both administrations in Strausberg (Eggersdorf) resulted in another renaming, and the Air Force/Air Defense Command (detachment LSK/LV) was born.
From this point on, almost all operational front line units were equipped with the Soviet MiG-15. The FWD-53s were quickly, together with other piston engine types, relegated to second line units and used in training and liaison roles. The last FWD-53 was retired in 1959.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 9.07 m (29 ft 8 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 9.925 m (32 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 16.05 m² (173.3 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,247 kg (5,893 lb)
Loaded weight: 3,148 kg (6,940 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 3,400 kg (7,495 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Mikulin AM-35A(D) liquid-cooled V12 engine with 1,080 kW (1,500 hp),
driving a three-bladed light-alloy propeller with 3.2m (10 ft 4 ½ in) diameter
Performance:
Maximum speed: 640 km/h (398 mph) at 6,300 m (20,669 ft)
Cruise speed: 590 km/h (365 mph) at 6,000 m (19,680 ft)
Range: 850 km (528 mi) 1,000 km (621 mi) with drop tank
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
Rate of climb: 17.0 m/s (3,345 ft/min)
Wing loading: 196 kg/m² (40 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 344 W/kg (0.21 hp/lb)
Armament:
1× 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon with 75 rounds
2× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Berezin UBS machine guns with 300 RPG
all mounted above the engine and synchronized to fire through the propeller arc
A total external ordnance of 500 kg (1.100 lb), including 1× 250 kg (551 lb) bomb or 1 × 300-litre (79
US gal) drop tank on a centerline hardpoint, or 2x 250 kg bombs or 2x 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov
NS-23 cannon with 60 rounds in pods under the outer wings
The kit and its assembly:
This build was actually a kind of kit recycling, since I had a Heller Bf 109K kit in my kit stash that had donated its engine section to a converted Fw 190D. Otherwise, the kit was still complete, and it took some time until I had an idea for it: I had never so far built an East German whif, and with the complicated political and economic situation after WWII I wondered how a nascent aircraft industry could build experience and an air force? A re-engined/revamped late Bf 109 could have been the answer, so I took this idea to the hardware stage.
The Heller Bf 109K is a simple and pleasant build, but it took some time to find a suitable new engine of Soviet origin. I eventually settled for a Mikulin AM-35, taken from a Revell MiG-3 kit. The transplant was rather straightforward, and the Bf 109K’s “cheek” fairings at the cowling’s rear section actually matched the round diameter of the AM-35 well – even though the Soviet engine was much smaller and very sleek.
The rhinoplasty went very well, though, there’s just a little, ventral “step” at the wings’ leading edge.
The MiG-3 propeller could not be used, though, because the diameter and the blades themselves were just too small for the Bf 109. So I scratched a completely new propeller from a Spitfire Mk. IX spinner (reduced in length, though) and single blades from the scrap box – not certain which aircraft they actually belong to. The new prop was mounted onto a metal axis and a matching plastic tube adapter was implanted into the fuselage.
The only other modification of the kit are the main wheels – Heller’s OOB parts are quite bleak, so I replaced them with visually better parts from the scrap box.
Painting and markings:
This was not easy, because LSK/LV aircraft either carried Soviet camouflage of that era (typically a uniform green/blue camouflage) or were, more often, simply left in bare metal, like the MiG-15s. However, I wanted a more interesting camouflage scheme, but nothing that would remind of the Bf 109’s WWII origins, and it was still supposed to show some Eastern Bloc heritage. After a long search I found a suitable option, in the form of a LSK/LV MiG-15UTI trainer (actually a museum piece at the military history museum Gatow, near Berlin): the machine carried a relatively light green/brown camouflage and light blue undersides. Pretty simple, but the tones were quite unique – even though there’s no guarantee that this livery is/was authentic!
However, I adapted the concept for the FWD-53. Search in the paint bank yielded Humbrol 86 (Light Olive Green) and 62 (Leather Brown) as suitable tones for the upper surfaces, while I went for a garish Humbrol 89 (Middle Blue) underneath. Quite a bright result! The spinner became red and the interior was painted in RLM02.
The markings were puzzled together from various sources, including suitable early LSK/LV roundels. Most stencils were taken from the Heller kit’s OOB sheet. After light panel shading and some soot stains with grinded graphite, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish.
A very quick project, realized just in three days (plus some time for the beauty shots, though) as a distraction from a very busy time at work. However, for a model created from leftover parts the FWD-53 looks surprisingly good and sleek. The pointed MiG-3 nose section subtly changes the profile – and somehow, from certain angles, the FWD-53 even reminds of the much bigger Il-2?
NO AI involved! its not perfect by any means cos im not a photoshop expertise... but i like it and a bit of fun is allowed in this hobbie sometimes! so with out further ado 73107 73212 73964 working 4M29 Felixstowe to Birch Coppice at Brentingby Curve this afternoon! will post the actual proper images tomorrow of these doing there factual trains!
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The roots of the GDR's air forces laid in the time even before the founding of the National People's Army. The aim was to provide a structural basis and a basis for building the expertise needed to deploy and operate air forces. For this purpose, in 1951, initially under the lead of the Ministry of the Interior and under the influence of Soviet advisors, the so-called Kasernierte Volkspolizei (People's Police (Air) Quartered in Barracks (= on constant duty), KVP) with staff from the People's Police Air (VP-Luft) was set up in Berlin-Johannisthal. It was not a true air force, but rather a training unit that prepared the foundation of a true military power.
However, the KVP led to the GDR's 1st Air Division with three regiments. Training was carried out from 1953 onwards on various Soviet types, including the An-2, MiG-15, La-9 (only for training on the ground), Yak-18 and Yak-11 aircraft. All equipment was provided by the Soviet Union. However, from the beginning of 1952, the training of the future ground crew and the pilots in the so-called X course began secretly, and at the same time the GDR tried to build and test aeronautic engineering competences.
For this purpose, a military unit was established at the VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD), an institution which was also the workplace of Brunolf Baade, the designer of the Baade 152 airliner which was built and tested between 1956 and 1961. The GDR's newly formed Air Division was keen on an ingenious fighter aircraft, despite the modern MiG-15 having become available from the USSR. The primary subject was a re-build of the WWII Messerschmitt Me 262, but the lack of plans and especially of suitable engines soon led to an end of this project, even though contacts with Avia in Czechoslovakia were made where a small number of Me 262 had been produced as S-92 fighters and trainers.
Since many senior pilots in GDR service had experience with the WWII Bf 109, and there had been a considerable number of more or less finished airframes after the Soviet occupation of Eastern Germany, FWD proposed a modernization program for the still existing material, much like the Avia S-199 program in Czechoslovakia.
The project received the code number "53" (for the year of its initiation) and structural basis for the not-so-new fighter for the GDR's nascent air force were primarily late Bf 109G and some Bf 109K airframes, reflected by an "A" and "B" suffix. Unlike the Czechoslovakian Avia S-199, which was re-engined with a rather sluggish Junkers Jumo 211 F, the FWD-53 fighter from Dresden was to be powered by a supercharged Mikulin AM-35 engine. This was a considerable reduction in output, since the late Bf 109 engines produced up to 2.000 hp, while the AM-35 just provided 1.400 hp. With some tuning and local modifications, however, the engine for the service aircraft was pushed to yield 1.100 kW (1,500 hp), and the fact that it was smaller and lighter than the original engine somewhat compensated for the lack of power.
Another feature that differed from the S-199 was the radiator system: the original Bf 109 underwing coolers were retained, even though the internal systems were replaced with new and more efficient heat exchangers and a new plumbing.
In order to save weight, the FWD-53's armament was relatively light. It consisted of a pair of heavy 12.7 mm Berezin UBS machine guns and a single 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon. These three weapons were mounted above the engine, synchronized to fire through the propeller disc. This standard armament could be augmented with a further pair of NS-23 cannon, carried in pods under the outer wings (instead of a pair of bombs of up to 250 kg caliber). Alternatively, a ventral hardpoint allowed the carriage of a single 500 kg (1.100 lb) bomb or a 300l drop tank.
In the course of 1952 and 1953, a total of 39 Bf 109 airframes from GDR and also Czech and Polish origin were converted or re-built from existing components at Dresden. At the end of November 1953, the KVP's reorganization was carried out as a staff of the administration of the units initially called Aero clubs in Cottbus and the change of subordination by the MoI directly under the Deputy Minister and head of the Kasernierten People's Police. The air regiments were restructured into Aeroklubs 1 (Cottbus), 2 (Drewitz) and 3 (Bautzen), which in turn were divided into two sections. From 1954 onwards, the FWD-53 fleet joined these training units and were primarily tasked with advanced weapons training and dissimilar aerial combat.
On March 1, 1956, the GDR's air forces were officially formed as part of the Nationale Volksarmee (NVA, National People's Army). First of all the management of the aeroclubs, according to the Soviet model, gave rise to the Administrations Air Force (LSK) in Cottbus and Air Defense (LV) in Strausberg (Eggersdorf). The initial plans were to found three Jagdfliegerdivisionen (fighter squadrons), a Schlachtfliegerdivision (attack squadron) and a Flak (AA gunnery) division, but only the 1st and 3rd Air Division and the 1st Flak Division were eventually set up. On June 1, 1957, a merger of both administrations in Strausberg (Eggersdorf) resulted in another renaming, and the Air Force/Air Defense Command (detachment LSK/LV) was born.
From this point on, almost all operational front line units were equipped with the Soviet MiG-15. The FWD-53s were quickly, together with other piston engine types, relegated to second line units and used in training and liaison roles. The last FWD-53 was retired in 1959.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 9.07 m (29 ft 8 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 9.925 m (32 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 16.05 m² (173.3 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,247 kg (5,893 lb)
Loaded weight: 3,148 kg (6,940 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 3,400 kg (7,495 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Mikulin AM-35A(D) liquid-cooled V12 engine with 1,080 kW (1,500 hp),
driving a three-bladed light-alloy propeller with 3.2m (10 ft 4 ½ in) diameter
Performance:
Maximum speed: 640 km/h (398 mph) at 6,300 m (20,669 ft)
Cruise speed: 590 km/h (365 mph) at 6,000 m (19,680 ft)
Range: 850 km (528 mi) 1,000 km (621 mi) with drop tank
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
Rate of climb: 17.0 m/s (3,345 ft/min)
Wing loading: 196 kg/m² (40 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 344 W/kg (0.21 hp/lb)
Armament:
1× 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon with 75 rounds
2× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Berezin UBS machine guns with 300 RPG
all mounted above the engine and synchronized to fire through the propeller arc
A total external ordnance of 500 kg (1.100 lb), including 1× 250 kg (551 lb) bomb or 1 × 300-litre (79
US gal) drop tank on a centerline hardpoint, or 2x 250 kg bombs or 2x 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov
NS-23 cannon with 60 rounds in pods under the outer wings
The kit and its assembly:
This build was actually a kind of kit recycling, since I had a Heller Bf 109K kit in my kit stash that had donated its engine section to a converted Fw 190D. Otherwise, the kit was still complete, and it took some time until I had an idea for it: I had never so far built an East German whif, and with the complicated political and economic situation after WWII I wondered how a nascent aircraft industry could build experience and an air force? A re-engined/revamped late Bf 109 could have been the answer, so I took this idea to the hardware stage.
The Heller Bf 109K is a simple and pleasant build, but it took some time to find a suitable new engine of Soviet origin. I eventually settled for a Mikulin AM-35, taken from a Revell MiG-3 kit. The transplant was rather straightforward, and the Bf 109K’s “cheek” fairings at the cowling’s rear section actually matched the round diameter of the AM-35 well – even though the Soviet engine was much smaller and very sleek.
The rhinoplasty went very well, though, there’s just a little, ventral “step” at the wings’ leading edge.
The MiG-3 propeller could not be used, though, because the diameter and the blades themselves were just too small for the Bf 109. So I scratched a completely new propeller from a Spitfire Mk. IX spinner (reduced in length, though) and single blades from the scrap box – not certain which aircraft they actually belong to. The new prop was mounted onto a metal axis and a matching plastic tube adapter was implanted into the fuselage.
The only other modification of the kit are the main wheels – Heller’s OOB parts are quite bleak, so I replaced them with visually better parts from the scrap box.
Painting and markings:
This was not easy, because LSK/LV aircraft either carried Soviet camouflage of that era (typically a uniform green/blue camouflage) or were, more often, simply left in bare metal, like the MiG-15s. However, I wanted a more interesting camouflage scheme, but nothing that would remind of the Bf 109’s WWII origins, and it was still supposed to show some Eastern Bloc heritage. After a long search I found a suitable option, in the form of a LSK/LV MiG-15UTI trainer (actually a museum piece at the military history museum Gatow, near Berlin): the machine carried a relatively light green/brown camouflage and light blue undersides. Pretty simple, but the tones were quite unique – even though there’s no guarantee that this livery is/was authentic!
However, I adapted the concept for the FWD-53. Search in the paint bank yielded Humbrol 86 (Light Olive Green) and 62 (Leather Brown) as suitable tones for the upper surfaces, while I went for a garish Humbrol 89 (Middle Blue) underneath. Quite a bright result! The spinner became red and the interior was painted in RLM02.
The markings were puzzled together from various sources, including suitable early LSK/LV roundels. Most stencils were taken from the Heller kit’s OOB sheet. After light panel shading and some soot stains with grinded graphite, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish.
A very quick project, realized just in three days (plus some time for the beauty shots, though) as a distraction from a very busy time at work. However, for a model created from leftover parts the FWD-53 looks surprisingly good and sleek. The pointed MiG-3 nose section subtly changes the profile – and somehow, from certain angles, the FWD-53 even reminds of the much bigger Il-2?
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
The Aldebaran Mystery
Von Braun’s Secret
Much of the extraordinary, unrivaled success of America’s space program of the 1960’s can be attributed to the visionary brilliance and expertise of two physicists, whose names are synonymous with rocketry and manned space flight--Dr. Hermann Oberth and Dr. Wernher von Braun. Both of these men originally earned their stature in the field of rocket design by building ballistic missiles for Adolf Hitler’s Third Reich, during World War II. However both of these men modestly admitted the spectacular success of their technical efforts was not theirs alone to claim--They had ‘special’ assistance…
Dr. Oberth cryptically stated, "We cannot take the credit for our record advancement in certain scientific fields alone; we have been helped." When asked by whom, he replied; "The people of other worlds."
Dr. Von Braun, candidly revealed his knowledge of extra-terrestrials in 1959 by stating… "We find ourselves faced by powers which are far stronger than hitherto assumed, and whose base is at present unknown to us. More I cannot say at present. We are now engaged in entering into closer contact with those powers, and within six or nine months’ time it may be possible to speak with more precision on the matter."
Just who were "the people of other worlds" that Dr. Oberth spoke of so blithely? And were both of these esteemed German scientists making oblique reference to one of UFOlogy's most pervasive and tantalizing 'myths'--the alleged link between the Third Reich of pre-World War II Germany and... EXTRATERRESTRIALS?
Following the First World War, certain occult secret societies emerged in Germany intent upon the imminent arrival of the Aquarian Age; an age they believed would usher humanity into an era of spiritual and technological enlightenment and liberation. Members of these occult societies also believed that ancient lost civilizations once possessed technologies, long since forgotten to our modern understanding that allowed them mastery of the seas and the skies and even inter-stellar space travel.
Inspiration to rediscover such wondrous skills sprang from the pages of a novel published in 1871 by Rosicrucian author Edward Bulwer-Lytton, entitled, "THE COMING RACE".
Lytton tells the tale of an intrepid explorer who discovers an advanced race of humans living within a vast subterranean world who call themselves "Vril-ya". These beings had formerly been surface dwellers until a global catastrophe not unlike the Old Testament flood, forced them to take refuge deep in the Earth. The survival of this marvelous society was facilitated by their application of a force they referred to as "Vril".
Or, as Bulwer-Lytton wrote: "...I should call it electricity, except that it comprehends in its manifold branches other forces of nature, to which in our scientific nomenclature, differing names are assigned, such as magnetism, galvanism, etc. These people consider that in ‘Vril’ they have arrived at the unity in natural energetic agencies, which has been conjectured by many philosophers above ground..."
It was supposed by some that Lytton's book was not altogether a work of fiction. As a student of arcane mysteries, he was privy to secrets that lost Lemurian and Atlantean artifacts still existed in clandestine caches hidden away in Tibet and the Gobi Desert. And indeed, ancient Sanskrit texts from India tell of great civilizations that flourished before the great flood that possessed technologies beyond the understanding of modern science.
The epic poem, “Samarangana Sutradhara”, makes tantalizing reference to the construction of amazing flying machines…
“Strong and durable must the body of the Vimana be made, like a great flying bird of light material. Inside one must put the mercury engine with its iron heating apparatus underneath. By means of power latent in the mercury, which sets the driving whirlwind in motion, a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky. The movements of the Vimana are such that it can vertically ascend, vertically descend, or move slanting forwards and backwards. With the help of machines, human beings can fly through the air and heavenly beings can come down to Earth.”
German oriental scholars and occultists of the Thule and Vril Societies regarded such ancient myths as greatly significant, and during the lull between the First and Second World Wars, diligent efforts were put forth to seek out the source of this legendary energy and harness it as a viable technological reality. Mastery of an occult force such as 'Vril' would not only assure German technical dominance--it would ultimately liberate Germany from any crippling co-dependence upon the international petroleum cartels dominated by Germany's conquerors--the United States and Britain.
Initiates of both the Thule and Vril societies were determined to develop an 'alternative science' and 'alternative technologies' based on principles possessed by the great 'lost' civilization of Atlantis; a "spiritual dynamo-technology" superior to the mechanistic notions of modern science". Thus, to rediscover this source of universal free-energy and make it readily available as a benefit to the modern world became their goal.
Thule member and physics professor, Dr. W.O. Schumann of the Technical University in Munich, declared;
"In everything we recognize two principles that determine the events; light and darkness, good and evil, creation and destruction--as in electricity we know plus and minus. It is always; either--or... Everything destructive is of satanic origin, everything creative is Divine... Every technology based on explosion or combustion has thus to be called Satanic. The coming new age will be an age of new, positive, divine technology... "
Hence, the goal to harness 'Vril', Prana, the fundamental, limitless, cosmic life-force energy--a power source that would function harmoniously with our natural world--became an integral focus of these German secret societies.
The Mysterious, Maria Orsic…
At the very heart of the Vril legend was a striking beauty named, Maria Orsic. This gifted medium was leader of the Vrilerinnen, a team of psychic girls serving the Vril Gesellschaft, who characteristically wore their hair in long horse-tails, contrary to the popular short, bobbed hairstyles of that era. The ladies of the Vril actually claimed their long hair acted as cosmic antennas that helped facilitate their occult contact with beings from beyond. Presumably through a telepathic form of automatic writing, Maria Orsic made contact with an off-world civilization which was offering just the kind of ‘alternative’ technology the German Secret Societies were looking for.
As the legend goes, a fateful meeting was held in 1919 at an old hunting lodge near Berchtesgaden, where Maria Orsic presented to a small group assembled from the Thule, Vril and Black Sun Societies, telepathic messages she claimed to have received from an extraterrestrial civilization existing in the distant Aldebaran solar system, sixty-eight light years away, in the Constellation of Taurus.
One set of Maria's channeled transmissions was found to be in a secret German Templar script unknown to her. A second series of transmissions appeared to be written in an ancient eastern language, which Babylonian scholars within the Thule group, recognized as ancient Sumerian. Maria Orsic along with Sigrun, another of the Vril Society's female mediums, began the task of translating these transmissions and discovered they contained instructions for building a circular flying-machine.
It is worth noting here that the Vril Society traced its philosophical origins back to a secret Bavarian, Gnostic-Templar order styling itself as “The Lords of the Black Stone” founded in 1221; an order steeped in ancient Babylonian and Sumerian theologies. Members of this Templar group displayed the winged-bull for their symbol--an obvious reference to Taurus, and according to the order’s archives, successful contact with beings from the Aldebaran star system may have occurred during the Middle Ages.
If indeed, a high-tech civilization actually existed in the Aldebaran star system, what would account for their possible motivation to assist the Vril Group and Germany to develop advanced technologies? Researcher Lt. Col. Wendelle Stevens [USAF Ret.] tells us that, rather than a militant gesture of aid to aggressive Nazis, the Aldebarans perceived an economic disparity in Earth cultures that fueled perpetual wars and conflict. To alleviate this disparity the Aldebarans reasoned that by offering 'free-energy' technologies, used to create affordable mass transportation devices, a new innovative generation of industries, promoting prosperity and greater peaceful interaction between nations might result; thus diminishing violent wars. Clearly such a plan resonated with members of the Vril Society and their dream for a utopian New World based on 'alternative science'.
Saucer Construction Begins…
Upon studying these otherworldly, designs, Dr. W.O. Schumann and his associates from the University of Munich and the Thule Society realized the channeling actually contained viable physics, and over the ensuing years construction was initiated to make this flying machine a reality. By 1922 development of a working prototype was underway.
Although the first manned disc crashed on its maiden flight, a re-designed, five meter RFZ-2, was successfully test flown in 1934 and eventually flying disc development was taken over by Division SS E-IV of Hitler‘s Third Reich...
The Saucers Go to War…
Inspired by the utopian visions of both Thule and Vril Society ideals, Adolf Hitler rose to political power under the swastika banner of Germany’s National Socialist Party. Yet, despite his professed aim to create a world of cosmic harmony, Hitler plunged Europe into the altogether destructive Second World War by sending his Panzer tank divisions and infantry into Poland in 1939. And, although all German secret societies were outlawed by the Nazi Party, the Thule and Vril Gesellschafts maintained their autonomy, and development of Vril levitating saucer craft continued, despite funding competition from conventional Luftwaffe war-production imperatives.
‘Aero-Technical Unit V-7 designed a number of hybrid saucers that combined both exotic anti-gravity and conventional turbojet propulsion systems, creating vertical lift craft that were essentially precursors to modern helicopters. Although some of these bizarre designs were successfully flown, they earned dubious reputations as clumsy gas-hogs that spent more time in maintenance than actually flying.
However, the anti-gravity Vril designs demonstrated more efficiency. It is important to note, the Vril craft did NOT ‘fly’ in the traditional sense. Like huge gyroscopes, these craft levitated by generating their own discrete gravitational fields. Thus the distinctly separate, highly classified SS E-IV Unit bore the sole secret responsibility of developing Hitler's dream of free-energy flight machines.
Anti-Gravity Technology
This amazing myth implies that German engineers had successfully mastered a form of levitation technology by designing a torsion propulsion engine capable of sustaining a controlled energy vortex, which would supply the housing vehicle with its own discrete gravitational field.
Although no specific engine design details have surfaced, the mechanics inferred from rudimentary schematics show a uniform circular disc shell mounted around a central sphere propulsion unit, presumably a pressurized container holding a liquid medium [perhaps mercury], which was made to spin at an extremely high velocity.
The intense centrifugal force generated by this spinning medium would in turn create a central cone of vortex energy that would generate a uniform, self-sustaining, gravitational bubble surrounding the craft.
Varying the rotational speeds of the centrifugal spin would allow the disc vehicle to levitate, accelerate or even sufficiently distort the surrounding electromagnetic field so as to become invisible.
As stated by author Nick Cook in his book, “The Hunt for Zero Point”… “Manipulate the inertia of an object and you remove its resistance to acceleration. Put in space and it would continue to accelerate all the way up to light-speed—and maybe even beyond. Manipulate the local gravity field around an object and you could get it to levitate.”
By 1941, the successful Vril-2 levitation craft was employed for transatlantic reconnaissance flights. This craft employed the "Schumann-Levitator" drive for vertical lift and when activated, the craft displayed effects commonly described in many UFO accounts; blurring of visible contours, and luminous ionization colors relative to the craft's engine acceleration; varying from orange to green, blue to white. As well, the craft made radical 90 degree turns characteristic of UFO flight.
Tragically, the Reich diverted the peaceful intent of the Alebaran levitation technology, and following the success of the RFZ-2, a single pilot combat model was designed.
The advanced Vril-1 ‘Jaeger’ Fighter was capable of 12000 km/h and amazing full-speed right-angle turns with no adverse G-effects on the pilot. Since the craft flew in a self-contained envelope of its own gravitational field, the pilot experienced no sense of motion or inertia.
Subsequent levitation-craft advances between 1941 and 1944 spawned the "Haunebu" series--the 'heavy hitters' of the Reich's saucer fleet, driven by powerful tachyon magneto-gravitic engines called--"Thule-Tachyonators", (speculated to be large spherical containers of mercury spinning around a vertical axis)--These armored saucer ships of varying size, came equipped with armaments such as Panzer-tank cannon turrets mounted to the underside as well as klystron laser cannons.
Flight to Aldebaran…
By Christmas of 1943, medium Maria Orsic of the Vril Gesellschaft, claimed that subsequent transmissions from Aldebaran revealed there were two habitable planets orbiting that star and that the ancient Mesopotamian civilization of Sumeria was linked to earlier colonies of Aldebaran explorers. The seers discovered that the Aldebaran written language was identical to that of the Sumerians and was phonetically similar to that of spoken German.
It was also revealed that a 'dimension channel' or 'worm-hole' existed connecting our two solar systems. Thus in January of 1944, possibly aware that Germany's war efforts were faltering, Adolf Hitler and his deputy Heinrich Himmler, authorized an audacious plan to send a Vril-7 saucer ship into the dimensional channel, perhaps to secure assistance from the Aldebaran civilization. The venture resulted in near disaster, the Vril-7 returned with its hull reportedly aged as if it had been flying for a hundred years and its surface damaged in several places.
Allied Bomber Squadron Decimated…
Meanwhile, the Allies sampled an unpleasant taste of the deadly weapons potential of German saucers. According to the research of Wendelle Stevens in 1944 a massive bombing raid was launched against the critical ball-bearing plant at Schweinfurt. Within a matter of hours a squadron of ten to fifteen Nazi discs managed to obliterate as many as one-hundred and fifty British and American bombers--one quarter of the entire bomber contingent.
Two techniques were employed against this vast bomber squadron. One involved a device called a ‘motor-stoppel’, a ‘klystron’ ray gun which caused the Allied aircraft engines to simply shut down. The other was to infuse the atmosphere ahead of the bombers with a highly flammable aerosol which exploded as the planes, with their internal combustion engines, flew into it. However despite such tactical success, the Germans did not press this technological advantage to secure ultimate victory.
General Hans Kammler…
With the military fate of the Reich in doubt, an ambitious, energetic General rose within the SS inner circle elite to a level of power that rivaled perhaps that of even the Fuhrer himself. Hans Kammler, a protégé’ of Heinrich Himmler, the SS Chief of Staff, had earned a reputation with his skills for rapid deployment and implementation of underground manufacturing facilities, and vast mobilization of slave labor consignments from concentration camps.
By 1945 Kammler had secured control over all top secret SS projects that were missile or ‘aircraft’ related. Certainly Vril projects would have been one of his foremost priorities. A cunning, shrewd and lethal opportunist, Kammler easily bore the qualifications to master mind construction of an emergency refuge at the South Pole--the last untamed continent on the planet. And as of April 17, 1945, Kammler disappeared from Germany, presumably escaping capture aboard a lumbering, six engine Junkers 390 ‘Amerika Bomber’ bound for an unknown destination.
Neither was military assistance forthcoming from Aldebaran, but perhaps safe haven was offered instead, as a massive 250 foot diameter Haunebu III dreadnaught armed with four, triple-gun, heavy caliber naval turrets and capable of space flight was allegedly completed by April of 1945. With the specter Russian, British and American armies all relentlessly advancing on the German heartland, supplies, scientists, and saucer components were being steadily evacuated from Europe by U-boats to secret enclaves in Germany's Antarctic colony--Neuschwabenland, a vast tract of land at the South Pole which had been annexed by Germany in 1938.
Just one month prior to the Haunebu III's completion a cryptic message was sent by Maria Orsic to all members of the Vril Society, simply stating "None are staying here." The psychic medium Maria was never heard from again, perhaps having escaped--like Kammler--to South America, the Antarctic, or possibly even... Aldebaran!
Byrd’s Mission to the South Pole…
By inevitably seizing the rocket facilities and personnel at Peenemunde, the advancing Allied Army leadership was only too well aware of how dangerously advanced German technology had become. Despite the Third Reich's unconditional surrender in 1945, a potential Nazi threat still haunted Allied intelligence. Had the German High Command sacrificed its European operation to buy time for installation of a 'fallback' position in the Antarctic, capable of launching future retaliations from its South Polar redoubt?
A key component to this legend is the account of "Operation High-Jump". In January of 1947, Secretary of the Navy, James Forrestal ordered that an American military task force, complete with thirteen ships including, an aircraft carrier, seaplanes, helicopters and 4000 combat troops be dispatched to the Antarctic under the command of Admiral Richard E. Byrd, for the stated purpose of 'mapping' the coastline.
This task force was provisioned for an eight-month polar stay, and though Byrd’s group did discover fresh water, thermal heated lakes as well as vast coal deposits, no mention of a Nazi presence ever made the official record. However, after only eight weeks and an undisclosed loss of planes and personnel, Byrd withdrew his forces. According to rumor, Byrd encountered overwhelming hostile action, he described as,
"Fighters that are able to fly from one pole to another with incredible speed."
He also intimated that he had engaged a German contingent being assisted as well by an 'advanced civilization' with formidable technologies... Full details of what occurred with Byrd's expedition remain shrouded in mystery. After extensive debriefing at the Pentagon, Byrd was ordered to keep silent about his experiences at the South Pole.
Also, it should be noted two years later in 1949, Admiral Byrd’s superior, James Forrestal was sent to convalesce for a nervous breakdown at Bethesda Naval Hospital in Washington D.C. However, after allegedly ranting to hospital staff about the Antarctic, UFOs and an underground Nazi city, Forrestal was denied all visitors and shortly thereafter, died in a fall from his 16th floor hospital room window. His death was labeled a ‘suicide’.
Advanced Technologies from Space…?
But again, considering the question posed at the outset of this essay, could the 'advanced civilization' suggested by Byrd be the same extraterrestrials alluded to by both Von Braun and Oberth? Could these "people of other worlds" be Germany's mysterious allies from Aldebaran?
Such is the legend of 'Vril' and the Third Reich's levitating disc projects. Of course, had all discussion of 'flying saucers' ended in 1945 it would be perfectly simple to dismiss the whole myth as preposterous nonsense. However, as we well know persistent reports of UFOs and circular flying craft have remained a ubiquitous enigma worldwide for all the decades since World War II. And as long as this mystery goes unanswered the riddle of Nazi saucers remains an urgent paradox that spins a kaleidoscope of demanding questions.
Viewed from the aspect of classical physics, the whole myth is easily dismissed as fanciful rubbish; the lurid tabloid notions of occult channeling with space brothers from Aldebaran, and Nazis armed with flying saucers and ray-guns sounds like the most outrageous science fiction!
However, this same legend reconsidered from the radically altered view of Quantum Physics takes on dramatic plausibility! Was the Vril Society simply making practical application of the 'Unified Field’?
Is Vril or "the unity in natural energetic agencies" that Edward Bulwer-Lytton described, far from pulp fiction, but a remarkably accurate description of ‘zero-point energy’ that pervades the entire universe? Did ancient lost civilizations of Earth share understanding with extraterrestrial civilizations among the stars that the universe is in fact an ocean of limitless energy? Could it be that a handful of daring German visionaries discovered secrets of harnessing this energy? And ultimately, who were the REAL victors in World War II?
Did a contingent of German physicists and engineers and military personnel successfully drop off the grid in 1945 and establish a new colony, totally self-sufficient and independent of the global petroleum cartels? And are the fundamentals of free-energy production fully known and deliberately withheld, at the cost of destroying our environment, merely to serve the greed of multi-national corporate and banking interests to this day? And is this 'free-energy' propulsion the ultimate secret behind the UFO cover-up?
Post-War Saucer Mysteries…
Of course, in the years immediately following World War II, the German saucer mystery compounded even more. In June of 1947 a private pilot named Kenneth Arnold reported a formation of nine shiny objects cruising along at an unprecedented speed of 1600 mph in the vicinity of Mt. Rainier, Washington. In Arnold's words, the craft flew "like a saucer would if you skipped it across the water."
Seizing upon his words, the Press launched a tabloid fascination with "Flying Saucers". However, Arnold described the craft he saw as actually crescent shaped, like 'flying wings'--which coincidentally was another air form perfected by the German Horton Brothers, during the war. It was suspected that captured German aircraft were being studied in a joint U.S./British facility in western Canada close to Washington State.
Four months later, in September of 1947, just eight months after Admiral Byrd's aborted mission to the Antarctic, the Strategic Air Command undertook a detailed mapping and reconnaissance mission of the North Pole. An extensive B-29 support base was established at Ft. Richardson, Alaska. But aside from cameras, these bombers were crammed with state-of-the-art, electromagnetic scanners, sensors and magnetic emissions detectors.
And, just as Byrd described, 'high speed craft capable of flying from pole to pole', were again encountered at the Arctic as well. Debriefed flight crews reported seeing metallic, vertical lift saucers parked on the ice packs, flying in and out of the water as well as dogging the B-29s. All evidence, tapes, film canisters and documentation were immediately classified and rushed back to Washington D.C.
According to the captured records, the Germans also had construction plans for a 'Zeppelin'-sized levitating cylinder ship called the "Andromeda Machine”. This 330 foot behemoth was capable of carrying as many as three of the smaller Vril and Haunebu scout ships. In the early 1950's a California man named George Adamski photographed a UFO remarkably similar to this design.
Later, Adamski claimed to have contact with a 'Nordic' looking extraterrestrial near Desert Center, California, who claimed to be from the planet Venus. However, it should be noted that photographs of the little scout craft this alien flew showed a design virtually identical to the German Haunebu II. Though Adamski was later debunked as a fraud, reports of UFOs identical to the 'Venusian scout ship' continued to surface world- wide.
In 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower was allegedly secreted away to a meeting with Extraterrestrials at MUROC airfield near Palm Springs, California. One particular group was reported to be 'Nordic' looking and they offered Eisenhower Free-Energy technology in exchange for nuclear disarmament--Ike declined!
And as the story goes, these 'Nordic' ETs subsequently met with Pope Pius XII at the Vatican as well.
And of course it remains common knowledge that during the war Germany had cordial relations with Argentina and other Latin American countries, and by a curious coincidence even today UFOs are commonly reported the full length and breadth of South America, along with tales of hidden German bases in the ice peaks of Peru and the vast jungles of Brazil.
But perhaps the most blatant inference of a German connection with UFOs comes from the famed Billy Meier case in Switzerland. In 1975, thirty years after the disappearance of the Vril society leaders, a Swiss farmer claimed to have contact with a girl from the 'Pleiades', who bore the pseudonym, "Semjase" and a striking resemblance to the 'Vrilerinnen' from 1919.
This space girl also wore long blonde hair, spoke in fluent Austrian-German and candidly shared comprehensive knowledge about the German saucer projects of the Third Reich. Were Semjase's ‘beamships’ actually modern versions of the old Haunebus?
Questions Remain…
Do we dare suppose that a contemporary generation of subterranean Reich-kinder secretly continue to advance their limitless scientific wonders, content to allow the ignorant, expendable 'surface dwellers' to choke in the poisoned atmosphere of their internal-combustion, junk-technology, automobiles, airplanes and industries?
Meanwhile, the quest to solve the mysteries of Nazi saucers and the secrets from Aldebaran, certainly has gained more relevance to our present world here in the first decade of the 21st Century. It seems an irony that, much like pre-World War II Germany, we find Western Civilization dangerously dependent upon foreign petroleum sources dominated by hostile Muslim nations. Is there a free-energy/anti-gravity answer to this dilemma?
Author's Disclaimer…
To conclude this essay, I must caution, this story is virtually all ‘legend’. There is little or no hard evidence to fully verify the authenticity of this tale. The conjecture offered here is cobbled together from the writings of Jan Van Helsing, Vladimir Terziski, Nick Cook, Timothy Good, Wendelle Stevens and a website called ‘Grey Falcon’, as well as the video, “UFO Secrets of the Third Reich”.
The bottom line has two options; either the whole story is pure fantasy, or Nazi secrets of anti-gravity were gobbled up at the end of the war by Allied Intelligence and given a security classification Above-Top-Secret, with all evidence meticulously hidden or destroyed. However, it should be noted that anti-gravity propulsion systems, such as the Vril legend suggest, would make all aerospace and avionic technologies obsolete overnight--and these are huge multi-billion dollar industries directly tied to the international petroleum cartels. Surely these combined military/industrial interests would possess the means and the motive to obliterate any conclusive history of German anti-gravity research.
Allegedly the Rockefeller Foundation paid $139,000.00 in 1946 to commission the publishing of an “official” history of World War II that deleted any and all references to the mystical and occult interests of the Third Reich. One of the Rockefeller Foundation’s major contributors was…Standard Oil!
TR-3B
And as a final post-script, I must offer the mystery of the “TR-3B” aircraft… Allegedly, one of the latest high-tech stealth flying machines engineered by the U.S. Defense Department and rumored to be presently operational is the “Astra”, otherwise known as the TR-3B. This astounding craft is delta shaped and comes in two sizes; one 300 feet long and the other 600 feet long. The Astra is capable of vertical lift and all the other radical moves typically associated with UFOs. Its propulsion is described as;
“Magnetic Field Disruptor”, [I.E. anti-gravity] created by spinning mercury plasma at 50,000 rpms pressurized to 250,000 psi. This reduces the craft’s gravitational mass by 89%. Multi-mode impulse rockets at each corner of the delta configuration supply the remaining 11% propulsion.” Could this plane be the modern stepchild of the Haunebu III?
Thus, the Aldebaran Mystery comes full circle to the Vril Society’s original fascination with lost technologies from antiquity, for according to the ancient Sanskrit texts, the name “Astra” referred to a ‘terrible’ airborne weapon…!
The Aldebaran Mystery: Part II BLOG
The Rest of the Story…
URBAN LEGEND
How much real truth is there to the tantalizing myth of the Third Reich’s ‘Flying Saucer’ projects? Growing international popularity of this pervasive legend has recently surfaced in a comedy-movie classic called “Iron Sky” that features a Nazi Saucer invasion from the moon.
Yet, despite the melodramatic and engaging mystery of this legend, do we dare suspect this tale possesses any shred of actual fact?
Scholarly UFO researchers are quick to disdainfully dismiss this story as pure ‘Urban-Legend’ nonsense, or worse—crackpot ‘Neo-Nazi’ propaganda!
Propaganda it may be, but perhaps of a far more sophisticated nature…
What’s to say this story is not the propaganda of a significant and powerful ‘off-the-books’, military-industrial-complex; a ‘Nazi-International’ geo-political consortium that has successfully survived all the decades since World War II?
In fact, the deeper one delves into the history of the Second World War the more our accepted ‘history’ of that massive conflict appears to be an ‘Urban Legend’ fiction itself! Each year more hidden details are uncovered, revealing a bizarre reality far stranger than any fiction.
Scholarly researchers also insist the lack of any definitive official paper-trail documentation makes the Nazi Saucer Legend untenable. And those few design schematics that have surfaced, they reject as spurious fabrications. In other words, they preserve their conservative academic propriety by insisting the notion of free-energy, levitating saucer-craft built by the Third Reich is pure poppycock.
Of course the very same was said of Nazi atomic-bomb research until documentation recently surfaced has revealed the Third Reich successfully exploded a nuclear bomb as early as December of 1944.
Surely these astute scholars must admit that lack of a documented paper-trail is NO guarantee that certain Nazi military research projects never took place.
Of course, the ultimate trump-card debunk argues that Hitler’s boasted ‘miracle-weapons’ arsenals of flying saucers, death-rays or otherwise, utterly failed to rescue Germany from military defeat in 1945—which proves that any such weapons never existed in the first place!
FLYING TOP
But practically speaking the advantage of a circular, vertical-lift flying machine is not such an outlandish proposition. Designs originally explored by Nazi engineers have subsequently been advanced to the highly successful application of helicopters in virtually all tactical operations since 1945; which successfully demonstrates what Nazi technicians were trying to accomplish in the first place; to produce an effective combat aircraft that was not dependent upon vast airfields, hopelessly vulnerable to enemy bomber attacks.
And war records do indicate the Germans were designing a whole variety of conventionally powered, turbo-jet vertical-lift aircraft, including circular discs, for just such purpose. And certain flying saucer prototypes may have actually survived the war; sighting a UFO virtually identical to the Nazi “Flying Top” was reported by a rancher in Argentina in 1950.
Even today the ultra, high-tech futuristic “Venus Project” features prototype vertical-lift hover-craft conceptually identical to the Nazi “Flying –Top”.
But these exotic helicopter-prototypes were Luftwaffe, German Air Force, projects. The notorious levitating-disc designs were said to be absolutely exclusive to and deeply classified within occult Nazi SS operations. Presumably these super-secret craft employed torsion physics propulsion techniques that remain to this day jealously guarded secrets.
TORSION PHYSICS
Of course, the charming Aldebaran Myth implies the mystical secrets of torsion levitation were channeled to the psychic ladies of the ‘Vril Society’ by extraterrestrial aliens in 1919.
But in point of fact, this same torsion technology was explicitly described by the visionary inventor from Croatia, Nikola Tesla, years earlier in 1908. In fact, the application of spinning torsion physics propulsion was also explicitly described centuries earlier in the ancient Sanskrit text “Samarangana Sutradhara”. The great flying ships called Vimanas levitated by use of a MERCURY ENGINE…
“By means of power latent in the mercury, which sets the driving whirlwind in motion a man sitting inside may travel a great distance in the sky.”
Reference to the “Driving Whirlwind” is an obvious reference to torsion physics; a propulsion technology fully understood by lost civilizations thousands of years ago.
Nikola Tesla clearly implied that vortex energy could be harnessed for multiple uses depending upon the intensity of the torsion field created. We can clearly see the spectrum of torsion spin effects demonstrated in a child’s toy gyroscope or a destructive tornado or even a magnificent spiraling galaxy. Tesla fully understood the awesome potentials of torsion physics to allow manipulation of the physical medium of time/space and gravity.
And as stated by author Nick Cook in his book, “The Hunt for Zero Point”… “Manipulate the local gravity field around an object and you could get it to LEVITATE.”
But far more than mere levitation propulsion, visionary Nikola Tesla foresaw the ultimate power latent in this technology. “..To cause at will the birth and death of matter would be man’s grandest deed, which would make him the MASTER of physical creation, make him fulfill his ultimate destiny.”
And solid evidence does exist that Nazi physicists were in fact seriously engaged in exploring the potentials of torsion physics, but not exclusively for levitating aircraft propulsion
ODC Our Daily Challenge: More
My wish: constant learning in the sense of cognitive but also emotional knowledge and experience
Just low light expertise - SM-G930F - S7
-
low light
ISO 200
Morning shot
Grand C4 PICASSO
Mark II
Länge: 4,602 m
- Breite: 1,826 m
- Höhe: 1,644 m
- Radstand: 2,840
Bold-looking Citroen Grand C4 Picasso is still our favourite large MPV thanks to its blend of comfort, style, practicality and Efficiency
5/5 stars
www.autoexpress.co.uk/citroen/grand-c4-picasso
This new model is bigger, more luxurious and full of tech gadgets.
For me is the 150 hp and 340 Nm Grand C4 a
full-size luxury SUV
or
full-size crossover Sport Utility Vehicle.
(abgekürzt SUV, dt. etwa Sport- und Nutzfahrzeug]
Als Softroader oder Crossover werden im anglophonen Raum umgangssprachlich kleine „Sports Utility Vehicles“ (mit Außenmaßen wie bei Pkw der unteren Mittelklasse) bezeichnet, die zwar optische Stilelemente von Geländewagen aufweisen, aber nur sehr eingeschränkt geländetauglich sind.
oder
Suburban utility vehicle (SUV)
The V-Train 2 was a demonstration train designed in order to demonstrate the skills and expertise of Hitachi while bidding for the Intercity Express Programme project.
The power car is seen stabled at Quorn GCR in May 2007..
Project summary
We worked in partnership with HSBC and carried out demonstrations with diesel mode trains and electric mode trains. The V-Train 2 was a high speed diesel hybrid train.
We installed the train in a British High Speed Train (HST) power car, the first of our hybrid system in Europe, and we anticipated that it could reduce fuel consumption by 20%.
Hitachi Europe General Manager Alistair Dormer stated that: 'This hybrid HST power car is a fantastic demonstration of the advances in hybrid battery/diesel technology.'
We were very excited to unveil this technology, which will demonstrate energy and emissions savings. This trial unlocked the future potential for the application of rapidly-improving battery hybrid-powered traction technology to future generations of rail vehicles in the UK.
On-time delivery, supported for life
Hayabusa was delivered and tested on time and on budget. In May 2007, Hitachi unveiled the V-Train 2 (named the ‘Hayabusa’) and began testing it on the Great Central Railway.
Exceptional performance
The V-Train 2 looked to power the train away from the platform using batteries – which would in turn be topped up by regenerative braking when a train slowed down to stop at a station. Acceleration would be quicker and diesel saved for the cruising part of the journey.
Ive completely forgotten that i had even photographed this...
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
Decades of expertise in cooking traditional dishes and preparing freeze-dried food for expeditions in Earth’s most remote locations are coming together in a Polish kitchen for a first in space cuisine.
These expert cooks are piercing pierogi, the traditional Polish dumplings, for consumption on humankind’s outpost in orbit – the International Space Station.
Pierogi, a staple of Polish home cooking, were the top choice of ESA project astronaut Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski for his upcoming Axiom Mission 4. For the first time, pierogi will travel to space.
“I wanted a truly Polish menu that I could share with my fellow astronauts. Food brings psychological comfort, and I instantly thought it would be worth taking some Polish delicacies into orbit,” says Sławosz.
Although he likes to makes pierogi himself, this time he needed help. The Polish astronaut, who will be conducting over a dozen technological and scientific experiments during the Ignis mission, met an unexpected challenge with his beloved pierogi.
Renowned Polish chef Mateusz Gessler took charge of crafting the menu. “At first, I thought I could pack prepared food in cans and jars, but the strict baggage allowance for astronauts made that impossible. Then I learned about the advantages of freeze-drying,” admits Mateusz.
The freeze-drying process completely removes any water from food while preserving food’s properties and structure for years. However, the first pierogi batches kept bursting. Working alongside Polish family business LYOFOOD, the team eventually mastered the technique and to stop pierogi from exploding, they made small holes in them, one by one.
Check the whole Ignis menu and learn more about the dos and don’ts for space food in the article Pierogi in space.
Credits: LYOFOOD
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The roots of the GDR's air forces laid in the time even before the founding of the National People's Army. The aim was to provide a structural basis and a basis for building the expertise needed to deploy and operate air forces. For this purpose, in 1951, initially under the lead of the Ministry of the Interior and under the influence of Soviet advisors, the so-called Kasernierte Volkspolizei (People's Police (Air) Quartered in Barracks (= on constant duty), KVP) with staff from the People's Police Air (VP-Luft) was set up in Berlin-Johannisthal. It was not a true air force, but rather a training unit that prepared the foundation of a true military power.
However, the KVP led to the GDR's 1st Air Division with three regiments. Training was carried out from 1953 onwards on various Soviet types, including the An-2, MiG-15, La-9 (only for training on the ground), Yak-18 and Yak-11 aircraft. All equipment was provided by the Soviet Union. However, from the beginning of 1952, the training of the future ground crew and the pilots in the so-called X course began secretly, and at the same time the GDR tried to build and test aeronautic engineering competences.
For this purpose, a military unit was established at the VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD), an institution which was also the workplace of Brunolf Baade, the designer of the Baade 152 airliner which was built and tested between 1956 and 1961. The GDR's newly formed Air Division was keen on an ingenious fighter aircraft, despite the modern MiG-15 having become available from the USSR. The primary subject was a re-build of the WWII Messerschmitt Me 262, but the lack of plans and especially of suitable engines soon led to an end of this project, even though contacts with Avia in Czechoslovakia were made where a small number of Me 262 had been produced as S-92 fighters and trainers.
Since many senior pilots in GDR service had experience with the WWII Bf 109, and there had been a considerable number of more or less finished airframes after the Soviet occupation of Eastern Germany, FWD proposed a modernization program for the still existing material, much like the Avia S-199 program in Czechoslovakia.
The project received the code number "53" (for the year of its initiation) and structural basis for the not-so-new fighter for the GDR's nascent air force were primarily late Bf 109G and some Bf 109K airframes, reflected by an "A" and "B" suffix. Unlike the Czechoslovakian Avia S-199, which was re-engined with a rather sluggish Junkers Jumo 211 F, the FWD-53 fighter from Dresden was to be powered by a supercharged Mikulin AM-35 engine. This was a considerable reduction in output, since the late Bf 109 engines produced up to 2.000 hp, while the AM-35 just provided 1.400 hp. With some tuning and local modifications, however, the engine for the service aircraft was pushed to yield 1.100 kW (1,500 hp), and the fact that it was smaller and lighter than the original engine somewhat compensated for the lack of power.
Another feature that differed from the S-199 was the radiator system: the original Bf 109 underwing coolers were retained, even though the internal systems were replaced with new and more efficient heat exchangers and a new plumbing.
In order to save weight, the FWD-53's armament was relatively light. It consisted of a pair of heavy 12.7 mm Berezin UBS machine guns and a single 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon. These three weapons were mounted above the engine, synchronized to fire through the propeller disc. This standard armament could be augmented with a further pair of NS-23 cannon, carried in pods under the outer wings (instead of a pair of bombs of up to 250 kg caliber). Alternatively, a ventral hardpoint allowed the carriage of a single 500 kg (1.100 lb) bomb or a 300l drop tank.
In the course of 1952 and 1953, a total of 39 Bf 109 airframes from GDR and also Czech and Polish origin were converted or re-built from existing components at Dresden. At the end of November 1953, the KVP's reorganization was carried out as a staff of the administration of the units initially called Aero clubs in Cottbus and the change of subordination by the MoI directly under the Deputy Minister and head of the Kasernierten People's Police. The air regiments were restructured into Aeroklubs 1 (Cottbus), 2 (Drewitz) and 3 (Bautzen), which in turn were divided into two sections. From 1954 onwards, the FWD-53 fleet joined these training units and were primarily tasked with advanced weapons training and dissimilar aerial combat.
On March 1, 1956, the GDR's air forces were officially formed as part of the Nationale Volksarmee (NVA, National People's Army). First of all the management of the aeroclubs, according to the Soviet model, gave rise to the Administrations Air Force (LSK) in Cottbus and Air Defense (LV) in Strausberg (Eggersdorf). The initial plans were to found three Jagdfliegerdivisionen (fighter squadrons), a Schlachtfliegerdivision (attack squadron) and a Flak (AA gunnery) division, but only the 1st and 3rd Air Division and the 1st Flak Division were eventually set up. On June 1, 1957, a merger of both administrations in Strausberg (Eggersdorf) resulted in another renaming, and the Air Force/Air Defense Command (detachment LSK/LV) was born.
From this point on, almost all operational front line units were equipped with the Soviet MiG-15. The FWD-53s were quickly, together with other piston engine types, relegated to second line units and used in training and liaison roles. The last FWD-53 was retired in 1959.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 9.07 m (29 ft 8 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 9.925 m (32 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 16.05 m² (173.3 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,247 kg (5,893 lb)
Loaded weight: 3,148 kg (6,940 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 3,400 kg (7,495 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Mikulin AM-35A(D) liquid-cooled V12 engine with 1,080 kW (1,500 hp),
driving a three-bladed light-alloy propeller with 3.2m (10 ft 4 ½ in) diameter
Performance:
Maximum speed: 640 km/h (398 mph) at 6,300 m (20,669 ft)
Cruise speed: 590 km/h (365 mph) at 6,000 m (19,680 ft)
Range: 850 km (528 mi) 1,000 km (621 mi) with drop tank
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
Rate of climb: 17.0 m/s (3,345 ft/min)
Wing loading: 196 kg/m² (40 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 344 W/kg (0.21 hp/lb)
Armament:
1× 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon with 75 rounds
2× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Berezin UBS machine guns with 300 RPG
all mounted above the engine and synchronized to fire through the propeller arc
A total external ordnance of 500 kg (1.100 lb), including 1× 250 kg (551 lb) bomb or 1 × 300-litre (79
US gal) drop tank on a centerline hardpoint, or 2x 250 kg bombs or 2x 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov
NS-23 cannon with 60 rounds in pods under the outer wings
The kit and its assembly:
This build was actually a kind of kit recycling, since I had a Heller Bf 109K kit in my kit stash that had donated its engine section to a converted Fw 190D. Otherwise, the kit was still complete, and it took some time until I had an idea for it: I had never so far built an East German whif, and with the complicated political and economic situation after WWII I wondered how a nascent aircraft industry could build experience and an air force? A re-engined/revamped late Bf 109 could have been the answer, so I took this idea to the hardware stage.
The Heller Bf 109K is a simple and pleasant build, but it took some time to find a suitable new engine of Soviet origin. I eventually settled for a Mikulin AM-35, taken from a Revell MiG-3 kit. The transplant was rather straightforward, and the Bf 109K’s “cheek” fairings at the cowling’s rear section actually matched the round diameter of the AM-35 well – even though the Soviet engine was much smaller and very sleek.
The rhinoplasty went very well, though, there’s just a little, ventral “step” at the wings’ leading edge.
The MiG-3 propeller could not be used, though, because the diameter and the blades themselves were just too small for the Bf 109. So I scratched a completely new propeller from a Spitfire Mk. IX spinner (reduced in length, though) and single blades from the scrap box – not certain which aircraft they actually belong to. The new prop was mounted onto a metal axis and a matching plastic tube adapter was implanted into the fuselage.
The only other modification of the kit are the main wheels – Heller’s OOB parts are quite bleak, so I replaced them with visually better parts from the scrap box.
Painting and markings:
This was not easy, because LSK/LV aircraft either carried Soviet camouflage of that era (typically a uniform green/blue camouflage) or were, more often, simply left in bare metal, like the MiG-15s. However, I wanted a more interesting camouflage scheme, but nothing that would remind of the Bf 109’s WWII origins, and it was still supposed to show some Eastern Bloc heritage. After a long search I found a suitable option, in the form of a LSK/LV MiG-15UTI trainer (actually a museum piece at the military history museum Gatow, near Berlin): the machine carried a relatively light green/brown camouflage and light blue undersides. Pretty simple, but the tones were quite unique – even though there’s no guarantee that this livery is/was authentic!
However, I adapted the concept for the FWD-53. Search in the paint bank yielded Humbrol 86 (Light Olive Green) and 62 (Leather Brown) as suitable tones for the upper surfaces, while I went for a garish Humbrol 89 (Middle Blue) underneath. Quite a bright result! The spinner became red and the interior was painted in RLM02.
The markings were puzzled together from various sources, including suitable early LSK/LV roundels. Most stencils were taken from the Heller kit’s OOB sheet. After light panel shading and some soot stains with grinded graphite, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish.
A very quick project, realized just in three days (plus some time for the beauty shots, though) as a distraction from a very busy time at work. However, for a model created from leftover parts the FWD-53 looks surprisingly good and sleek. The pointed MiG-3 nose section subtly changes the profile – and somehow, from certain angles, the FWD-53 even reminds of the much bigger Il-2?
I saw her twirling on the rink as I walked through campus today. You don’t have to be a genius to spot expertise. I paused to marvel at her fluid movement as she glided across the rink and twirled with amazing grace. I took a few photos, playing around with my camera settings. We made eye contact and I told her that her skating was a beautiful sight. She skated to me and a friendly chat began. I asked if she had a few minutes and would participate in my Human Family photo project. She felt in support of the project as I described it and said she would be glad to be part of it. She was between classes and was waiting to meet up with her friends so I said I would work quickly, hopefully before her friends arrived. Meet Netta.
There was a need to work quickly since her friends were expected any minute. I photographed her against one of the boulders decorating the public skating rink. As we chatted, Netta’s grace on the ice began to make perfect sense. She is a world-class figure skater! 19 years old and a first-year student in the university’s Creative Industries program, Netta was born in Tel Aviv, Israel but lived for several years in New York with her family before moving to Toronto to attend university. A member of the Israeli figure skating team, she has participated in two World Championships and in the European Championships. She was too young to participate in the most recent Olympics and was expected to be a member of the Israeli figure skating team in PyeongChang, South Korea in February of 2018. A serious injury, however, changed all that as Netta faced a future without competitive skating.
She told me how excited she was when she discovered there was a skating rink on the campus where she has begun her studies in downtown Toronto. She has taken to carrying her skates with her to class so she can skate for pleasure between classes as she was doing today. I couldn’t help but feel a lot of sympathy for Netta, given the way her career ended and I wondered how she was dealing with the loss of a dream. “It wasn’t easy” she said “but in the end I had to realize there is more to life than skating.” I was impressed by her mature attitude about life’s unanticipated twists and turns. I felt no bitterness in her as the talked about life.
Her message to her younger self was “Get beyond perfectionism. Place your belief in the process and not in the product.” As I tried to digest this message, I commented that it was unexpected, coming from a world-class athlete. “I would think that perfectionism has been your life” I said as I pondered the life of a world-class figure skater. She smiled and said “But your assumption is not really correct. There is a Zen involved in athletics. I had an Olympic skater who trained me and his most important teaching was to stay grounded, give thanks every day, and the rest will follow.”
Netta was very interested in my project and said she admired my ability to reach out to strangers and approach them for portraits and stories. “I could never do that” she smiled. With that, her friends arrived and it was time to thank her and wish her well with her studies. As she twirled her way across the rink to meet them, I couldn’t resist taking a few photos of her doing some graceful turns on the ice. I noticed that several people walking by had stopped (as I had) to absorb the unexpected sight of this slight young woman moving over the ice like a puff of wind. You can see a video of her here as she takes the ice in Shanghai in 2015 at the World Championships: www.youtube.com/watch?v=QlSVu4gXkXU
I found Netta lacking in arrogance, yet quietly self-confident. Despite her protestation that she could never approach strangers to photograph them, I thought about the confidence she must have to have performed under competitive pressure in front of large crowds. Meeting her was one more example of how often we walk past strangers every day, unaware of their many talents and their fascinating stories.
This is my 570th submission to The Human Family Group on Flickr.
You can view more street portraits and stories by visiting The Human Family.
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Under German legislation (Road Traffic Licensing Regulation or StVZO), winter tyres must be marked with the M+S symbol. Individuals looking for additional safety with regard to the good driving and braking properties of winter tyres should only purchase models with the snowflake symbol. "Snow tyre" means a tyre whose tread pattern, tread compound or structure are primarily designed to achieve in snow conditions a performance better than that of a normal tyre with regard to its ability to initiate or maintain vehicle motion. Germany does not stipulate a specific time at which winter tyres must be used. Instead, drivers have a duty to switch to winter tyres if driving conditions call for it. In wintry conditions (i.e. black ice, packed snow, snow slush or icy roads), only vehicles with M+S tyres are permitted on the roads. Individuals who do not drive in snow and ice can, in theory, continue using summer tyres even in wintertime. However, as summer tyres have material compounds specially developed for hot conditions, their use during winter is extremely dangerous and not recommended!
Semperit. A brand of Continental.
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
by Gina Stocco
Bengal, the hub of creative talents, is known all over the world for its expertise in art and craft and West Bengal serves as home to many talented artisans in India. The State has a distinctive specialization in many forms of craft and the unique rustic and mystic charm of Bengal crafts is universally admired by art lovers.
You have to visit the rural areas of West Bengal to get a glimpse of authentic handicraft works which are still not influenced by the western ways. There are places in Bengal that are famous for one of kind of art form. Most of these handicraft produce are cottage industry, provide the much needed economic support for rural areas, and has been backbone of the rural economy of the State. Today, the time has come to revive some lost forms of art that once brought fame and recognition to Bengal.
The artworks for sale at West Bengal State Handicrafts Expo (Paschim Banga Hastashilpa Mela) at Milan Mela, Kolkata, India
India’s largest handicraft’s fair, an annual event displays the workmanship of the artisans of West Bengal, the neglected frontrunners of traditional art of the state.
Around 3000 participants from almost every districts of West Bengal display their arts and crafts of jute, cane furnitures and baskets, handloom products, Totem poles made of bamboo shoots, 'Chhau' masks, wood carvings, wooden, dokra, jute and clay dolls, Madhubani and other traditional hand paintings, sawdust art, terracotta, wooden, sea shell and coconut shell artifacts and other home decors. Beside carpets, handbags and wall hangings, Kantha stitch and Batik from Bolpur, Baluchari from Bisnupur, Tant from Shantipur, Phoolia and Dhoniakhali, Silk from Murshidabad, Woolens of Darjeeling are also very popular.
The traditional origins based on culture and mythology, the workmanships, the richness of ideas, the brilliant combination of pure simplicity and glamour bring an amazing experience to truly understand their talent.
The Expo spreads over an area of 82,000 sq ft and has incurred an estimated total sales of Rs.1500.00 lakh (£1.5 million pound). It is the initiative of the Department of Micro and Small Scale Enterprises and Textiles, Government of West Bengal, organized every year with the aim to provide the artisans an exposure to the urban markets, know their taste and interact with the buyers or exporters directly, so that they can get orders for their products all throughout the year.
Beautiful Bengal, India
This stunning wood-fired pizza oven is the heart of an authentic Neapolitan pizzeria, radiating warmth and tradition. The oven’s rounded, tiled exterior, adorned with golden mosaic lettering, is a signature of a handcrafted, high-temperature pizza oven designed for baking perfection. Inside, the glowing embers and roaring flames ensure that each pizza is cooked in seconds, achieving the ideal balance of crispy, charred crust and a soft, airy interior.
A pizzaiolo in a brown cap and mask works diligently, showcasing the art of traditional pizza-making, where skill, precision, and high-quality ingredients come together. The open-flame cooking method allows for the unmistakable leopard spotting on the dough—an essential feature of true Neapolitan-style pizza. The scene is alive with heat, craftsmanship, and culinary passion, making it a visual and sensory delight for pizza lovers.
In the foreground, a stack of white plates and a red-handled pizza tool sit atop a wooden counter, ready for service. A notebook filled with handwritten notes suggests menu planning, recipe adjustments, or even a chef’s journal, adding a personal, behind-the-scenes touch to the setting.
This inviting pizzeria environment reflects the deep-rooted Italian tradition of wood-fired cooking, where every pizza tells a story. Whether in Naples, Tokyo, or New York, a true forno a legna (wood-fired oven) remains the gold standard for pizza authenticity.
For those in search of the perfect slice, this image embodies the essence of old-world craftsmanship, modern culinary expertise, and the simple magic of a fire-kissed pizza.
Peacekeepers from Mongolia serving with UNMISS used their engineering expertise to renovate the Abienmom Hospital which was in disrepair after years of war. They repaired and painted walls, fixed the electricity supply and extended the cabling system so that it reaches all the hospital’s main rooms. The engineers created a special isolation room for COVID-19 patients, installed new water tanks, hand washing facilities, and handed over a wide variety of medical supplies.
Original Video of Authentication, analysis and expertise The Painting by Mykola Hlushchenko "Still life with a Glass Jar and a Bottle" by Art Expert Dmytro Omelyanovich Gorbachev
08/08/2018 20:30:44 at his apartment
Art critic Dmytro Gorbachev: "Eye is a computer"
The Exclusive of the Library of the Ukrainian Art
en.uartlib.org/exclusive/mystetstvoznavets-dmytro-gorbach...
May 4, 2018 Text by Kateryna Lebedieva
The name of Dmytro Omelyanovich Gorbachev is familiar to everyone who is at least a bit interested in the Ukrainian culture. An art critic who popularizes the term “Ukrainian avant-garde” not only in Ukraine but also in the West; author of books and scripts, researcher, charismatic lecturer and a man with a brilliant sense of humor. We talked with Dmytro Omelyanovich about the brightest episodes of his work as an expert.
Some time ago I happened to read an article about Malevich and the avant-garde. My name was mentioned in it, though, without much respect. The article dealt with the fact that on the art market of the Russian avant-garde there is more forgery than real art works. They also wrote that I introduced into the market the works that had never been exhibited, and which had been never written about. The principle of an archivist is to find traces. But in a large number of avant-garde works the provenance had never been ascertained. So should we refuse to do the work? No, I do not think so. Not an archivist, but an expert whose eyes have been estimating hundreds of works, almost immediately is able to state whether this is a real thing or not. At the energetics level. The work can be well done, but “dead”. There are such art critics who label “falshak” to everything. There are cock and bull stories about me; they say anything you bring him, Gorbachev calls “Malevich”…
What do you think about the scandal with the exhibition of Igor Toporovsky’s collection in Belgium?
There are some originals there, for example, the works by Alexander Rodchenko. The rest is rubbish. 90% of the fakes immediately fall out, but 10% must be studied carefully. In general, any work must being watched for a long time in order to understand how the eye reacts, and only after that the conclusion can be made. The eye of the expert is a computer. It captures a bunch of circumstances which even are difficult to be formulated. Long time ago I asked a tailor about a cloth if it was cheviot or drape. He ansewered sheviot. I asked why? He answered that he could see it! I thought that he was a real expert, he could see it, without revising any documents, although this is important too. Any expert must develope visual perception; intuition is gained with long practice. In fact, there are a lot of fakes, not just in avant-garde: everything you want can be forged to earn money. Nowadays even prominent artists sometimes do it, they seem to be embodied into the artist whose works are being forged. I know one alike who strikingly falsifies the manner of Bogomazov in drawing. But only in drawing, his painting turns pale and unexpressive.
What other interesting stories can you tell us about art forgery?
Fictions at the highest level in the history of art are few. But there were also such cases when the artist himself recognized his work. For example, the French artist Maurice Utrillo even sued with one of his imitators but when he was shown the picture, he said: ”It may be my work”. There was a Spanish painter who falsificated Picasso, Matisse, Cezanne and he always remained above suspicion, but when he died,a lot of half finished canvases were found in his studio. If a copy is made at the level of the artist, there is no reason to worry. This does not compromise the artist. But there are, on the contrary, such originals, to which the artist did not even touch. Tetyana Yablonska‘s picture “Bread” is now exibited in the National Art Museum. Tetyana Nilivna was asked to copy her own picture. The original of “Bread” belongs to Tretyakov Gallery. She did not want to do it so she hired an artist Ivan Yukhno, a good copyist. He made an impeccable copy. Yablonska only marked a year, 1950, while in the original is 1949, and signed the picture. In this way she authorized it. So if a brilliant copyist remakes a picture at the level of the artist, it is impossible to prove anything.
How many art expertises did you do in your life and when did you start?
I have been doing them verbally since 1965. I started with Alexandra Exter‘s “Bridge Sevr”. It was not difficult, because in the book by Tugendhold published in 1922 this work was reproduced. Then some guys brought “Pimonenko”, and it was rubbish. How did they produce fakes in the 1960s? They took any appropriate sketch, put a sign “Repin”, “Pimonenko” even hardly trying to imitate the signature. The art market looked like that. In 1990s I first went abroad and met with a collector, a friend of Marcade. She also brought the work of Exter to be examined. After that the Russian experts reproached me with not taking money for that, saying that it was their bread so I had to be paid too. First I took as much as I was offered and later I began to give a written certificate. Sometimes I was asked for more information about the object and it turned to become a kind of art recearch. One of the collectors once told me that my report on the picture was so interesting that he started exhibiting it. At that time Iwas paid 100 dollars until once in America a collector said that $100 was a tip. And he gave $200. After arriving home I began to take $200 for an examination. In the 1980s in the Tretyakov Gallery, young art historians took 5 rubles for an examination. They took 5 rubles and asked the collectors: “Whose name do you want me to write?”
Were styles and methods of falsificating art items different before the 1990s and after that period?
Before ”perestroika” painting practically had no value, there were no auctions, museums and collectors were not robbed. In the National Art Museum of Ukraine the windows were constantly open, the latches did not work, because they were still of the pre-revolutionary times of Nicholas Bilyashivsky and Fedir Ernst. But the moment came when art works started being sold and bought and the first robberies began. Chudnovsky from Leningrad, who had Chagall and Malevich, was robbed in his apartment. Dozens of people used to come to his place, and one day the people from the Caucases came, according to the recommendation. They attacked him, tied his hands and feet, put him on the floor and began to cut out the paintings from the frames according to the plan: they knew where were the pictures they wanted. But on the eve of this event he changed the order and Malevich and Chagal were in other places. The next day the collector went to the Hermitage and located those masterpieces into deposit… In Poltava Art Museum in the 1990s the still life of the 17th century disappeared. Everyone was surprised because there was no alarm. It turned out that the robbers had an agreement with the police. Two years later the still-life was found in Manchester!
Have you ever been mistaken while examinating pictures?
Yes, I have. Thieves often take psychological moments into account. Once a beautiful girl in tears came to my place. He said that her grandfather from Zhytomyr died, there was his collection in the attic. The pictures were not outstanding, but in the style of some artist (I do not remember who exactly). I thought that he had a kind of creative failure and determined the work as an original. Two months later another beauty comes in, cries and says “grandfather died, the attic is full of of pictures”. I asked her: ”in Zhytomyr?” ”No, in Vinnitsa”. I drew her away and turned back to the previous one to reconsider my decision… Once a collection of works by Malevich’s pupils appeared. I invited Igor Dychenko to have a look at it and he bought the best of those works. A year later, we began to see and realized that that was Kazimir Severinovich himself: the forms have no weight, only Malevich could paint like that. Not a masterpiece, not the best work; It is evident that a person had been experimenting. Up to now, Jean-Claude Marcade has confirmed that this is Malevich of 1916. The work is kept in the Art Arsenal in Kyiv.
What painters, by the way, are more often falsificated?
All those who are expensive: Anatol Petrytsky, Oleksandr Khvostenko-Khvostov. In the 1990s, Vasyl Yermylov “Portrait of the artist Olexiy Pochtenniy” (1924) was sold at Sotheby’s. A German collector bought it. I could see clearly that it was a fake.The collector sais: ”Do not tell me that, I bought it because it costs $50 thousand, not $500 thousand, and the expert assured me that the work was real”. At that moment I realized that not everyone wants to know the truth… But there is an inaccurate attribution too. A collector writes from America: Exter has been found, could you confirm? But even from the photo I can see that it is a work of Katria Vasilieva, the student of Exter. The owner of the picture asks: ”Could you not tell anyone about it?” Yes I can. Obviously, he wanted to sell this work as an Exter’s one, and this is not my business. Once an agent brought a picture of Olexandr Murashko, in my opinion, of 1905. At the restoration workshop, it was originally said that it was the second third of the 20th century, and six months later the same restorers decided that it was the last third of the twentieth century. They found the paints, the mass production of which was launched in 1916. But before 1916, these paints had been produced by handicraftsmen. And they were found in the pictures of Yavlensky, a friend of Kandinsky. As we know. Murashko visited Munich in 1905 and had a nice time with Yavlensky there! So the main thing is an expert eye. Devices can also make mistakes. Do you know an anecdote about Picasso? Furtseva, the Minister of Culture of the USSR, arrived in Paris for a conference. She is asked for her identity card. She forgot it at home. “Do not worry, you can prove that you are really Furtseva. Recently, we had Picasso here, he also forgot his papers, but he quickly drew a picture in his original manner. Everybody could see that it was Picasso. “And who is Picasso?”, she asks, “Oh, you are welcome, you have proved that you are the Minister of Culture of the Soviet Union.”
This situation can also be applicable to our realities?
Completely.
Copyright © Library Of Ukrainian Art
From the book “Olena Chekan: I'll rise again to say the sun is shining!”
Crown of Interviews – The Garland of Memories:
ukrainianweek.com/Columns/50/154401
ukrainianweek.com/Culture/163918
Olena was one of the best Ukrainian journalists I knew
What can I say about Olena Chekan? She impressed me a lot in many aspects. First of all, by her mere appearance. She was an actress with the artistic appearance. She could find something funny in different situations, but at the same time she very seriously treated such issue as Ukrainian issue. She impressed me when we collaborated in Tyzhden magazine by her Ukrainian patriotism, even though she was from Moscow, she was from the city. And Ukrainian cities were always Russified, for many centuries. But, all the same, she became the great sympathizer of Ukraine, particularly because she saw that Ukraine has the big cultural potential. By the way, she was among those who discovered exactly the Ukrainian culture in its highest manifestation for the readers of the magazine.
For example, she prepared an article about the artist Aleksandra Ekster, and its title was sensational and paradoxical - “Cubofuturism as Presentiment.”
We have recently discovered the word cubofuturism – and suddenly as a presentiment. So, Kyiv artist Ekster was an abstractionist, but not as Malevich or Kandinsky – she created her own kind of abstractionism. She influenced the art of theater around the world, partially through her students. So, it was really cubofuturism as presentiment, the presentiment of new architecture, new design. And when Olena started writing about Ekster, for example, she knew about her as much as the experts knew. She read everything, but not as an art critic, but as a journalist. She had to find some sensational aspects.
So, she wrote that the archivists have found that Ekster was born not when she stated (1884), but on 1882. And the archivists were hesitating if they have to reveal this woman's secret. Olena decided to publish this information and commented this situation as “the academic heartlessness”. All your articles were special. In the article about Ekster she discussed who is a Ukrainian artist. I told her once that a famous film director and artist Yudkevych was Ekster's student (he told me that he did it in Kyiv). So, I say: “Is Ekster a Ukrainian artist” - “No! She's European”.
For many European is opposite to Ukrainian, but Olena told me that it is wrong. For example, Ekster worked in rural areas, she gave the rebirth to folk crafts and supported Hanna Sobachko, the folk futurist and village artist. But, on the other hand, in Paris she had such friends as Picasso, Braque, Leger. So, she combined Ukrainian heartland which gave her a lot in understanding the tonality and the modern Parisian trends. Then, as Olena noted, there were a director Tairov (whio collaborated with Ekster) and his wife Koonen. In their memoirs they wrote that even in everyday life there was a combination of Ukrainian and French. It is told that among the painting of Braque and Picasso which were presented to her you could find Ukrainian embroidery, carpets, ceramics. Even her kitchen was predominantly Ukrainian, as Ekster took with her her maid Nastia, Ukrainian villager. So Olen wrote, and I liked it, that this Nastia taught Picasso or Leger to cook Ukrainian varenyky. She didn't know French, but she thought that people on French markets knew Ukrainian. Nastia told that she just pointed to things and asked for “se, se and se” in Ukrainian. And everyone understood her.
As you see, that is the example of the journalist text created according to academic standards. It is a rare combination of academic precision and journalist approach, because usually journalists are more shallow, and it is even normal – you cannot demand from the journalist to know everything. Factual mistakes happen often in such articles, but I don't see it as a problem. But Olena managed not to make any mistakes in any detail. So, I think that she was an outstanding journalist and art critic.
I remember one more of her articles - “The Era of Pan-Ukrainianism.”
Is was like an interview with me, but she worked on it, corrected some of my mistakes, made the subtitles. She also liked my idea very much. She realized that Ukrainian did a lot for the world culture. Now we know it, and the world recognizes it not only in art or literature (Malevich and Arkhipenko), but also in technology (Sikorsky).
She realized it all, that is why she also became the patriot of Ukraine. I understand her, because it is the great culture, and when you get to now it, you become the sympathizer of this nation which created this unique intellectual society. So, thanks to her subtitles, my text got the volume. For example, there was a fact about the Ukrainian origins of Chekhov, but not everybody can treat this fact without some bias.
For example, take one German Ukrainist that I know. So, he recognizes Ukrainian priorities in many areas. He understands that Gogol is not only Russian, but also a Ukrainian author. Maybe, even more Ukrainian. But when I told him about Chekhov, he replied that he is not ready psychologically to add Chekhov to Ukrainian areal. But Olena was ready for it. Even more, she mentioned the fact that in 1897 in some questionnaire Chekhov wrote Malorossianin as his natiionality.
There are many such facts, and his language is Ukrainianized, sometimes intentionally, sometimes not. He even jokingly signed as “Yours Karpenko-Kary” (Ukrainian playwright) from time to time. But not everyone is ready to adopt this reality. Olena knew and felt it, this Ukrainianness attracted her.
I also remember one of her articles about the artist Ackerman (Parisian artist from Uzhgorod). She titled it “Hutsul supremacist”, and it was the great title, because Ackerman was a huge fan of Malevich, and he was from Hutsul land. The great title for an article about Samuel Ackerman.
ukrainianweek.com/Culture/34075
I was always impressed by everything Olena did.
You know, we were also close during Maidan, where she was very active. I am also a former Russian who became a Ukrainian nationalist, even though many if my Russian acquaintances are very skeptical about everything Ukrainian. But Olena was always very different from those Russians.
As you see, my impressions are more connected with journalism, I cannot tell much about the everyday situations. I just don't know them as we communicated mostly in media dimension. But I may say directly that Olena was one of the best Ukrainian journalists I knew. That was a rare combination of art knowledge and taste and education and journalism skills.
I was very sorrowful when I knew that she passed away, because I was her sympathizer. I still respect her very much.
I remember her irony, it was something very attractive in her. You could see this irony in all her articles and even in talking with her. She could ridicule something or talk about something humorously, it was her very attractive feature. We had this creative connection, but I never visited her house. But she visited me to take an interview. Her appearance was very attractive and artistic. Olena told that she is an actress, and you could instantly realize it, her behaviour was artistic, and I liked it.
I remember her articles, how bitingly she ridiculed the Ukrainophobes. I remember her as a very attractive, intellectually open person who liked her job and who was absolutely free in journalism. It was a person who didn't pay attention to conjuncture. Maybe, she could write about something which could bring her more money, but I don't remember such cases.
But I remember her small texts in Tyzhden, small bright miniature stories on the last page of the magazine. That is all I remember about Olena Chekan.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olena_Chekan
October 24, 2015
Prof. Dmytro Horbachov – Ukrainian art critic, historian of Ukrainian art, curator and international art expert. Specialist in Russian and Ukrainian avant-garde
Translated by © Dmytro Hubenko
Copyright © Publishing House of Dmitry Burago.
All rights reserved.
Peacekeepers from Mongolia serving with UNMISS used their engineering expertise to renovate the Abienmom Hospital which was in disrepair after years of war. They repaired and painted walls, fixed the electricity supply and extended the cabling system so that it reaches all the hospital’s main rooms. The engineers created a special isolation room for COVID-19 patients, installed new water tanks, hand washing facilities, and handed over a wide variety of medical supplies.
In the past, Engineers and Architects relied heavily on the skills and expertise that we as Draftsman provide. When everything was being drawn on the "boards", Draftsman were called upon to produce clear easy to follow plans that the contractor could build from. There is an art to producing these type of drawings, regardless of whether or not they were drawn by hand or using a CAD program. Understanding the use of line weights, layout, text placement, scale, etc. all play a crucial role in a finished product that is informative and easy to look at. This is our job and it takes a certain vision to produce this quality of work.I'm not taking anything away from Engineers and Architects, they have the more important job, at least in my opinion. They are accepting the risk for calculations and designs that will literally impact peoples' lives. One simple mistake could result in a catastrophic failure. This is were we as Draftsmen come in, and why our position is important as well. We take the design ideas and put them on paper to determine if the theory can be turned into reality. I see it as kind of a sounding board of sorts. We can find conflicts and issues that weren't thought of during initial design, and work with the A/E's to resolve the problems. Our job as Draftsmen is to call out the A/E's for design flaws and issues that may impact the overall project. We are a critical cog in the overall machine of our industry. Without our input, issues that used to be caught during the drawing process slip through the cracks only to be discovered during construction costing the client more money, time, and problems with change orders and revisions. I am seeing this problem first hand as the A/E - Draftsman line is blurring. Colleges don't teach the concepts of drawing layout, line weights, scales, etc. They plop people down in front of their computers and show them how to draw lines. Pretty little pictures and pretty little colors on the computer screen, no direction as to why one line is thicker than another, and why this line is dashed and that one is not, why one drawing is 1/8"= 1'-0" and another is 1"=20'. This creates a disconnect on how to produce quality finished plans. Young people come out of college thinking they have the skills necessary to do this, but the truth is they don't. Companies have the A/E's run with the plans from concept to finished plans, opening the door to mistakes and conflicts that someone "building" the finished model could have caught during the layout process.The gradual change from basic drawing to BIM (Building Information Modeling) has made a significant shift is this as well. Producing plans is easier than ever before with real-time modeling, section cuts, elevations, etc. That being said, you still have to have the skills to produce a good set of drawings. I fear that I am part of a dying breed in our industry. I enjoy producing high quality plans that are both easy to read and understand. Making the decision of when to create an enlarged detail and when it's not necessary. This skill is imperative to doing this job, however we as an industry continue to produce plans that are difficult to follow, understand, read, etc. I chalk this up to A/E's doing the job that once was the responsibility of the Draftsman, people that know how to do their job, but not necessarily mine. Companies need to take stock in what they are producing these days. With society being connected 24/7 and the instantaneous transfer of information, clients in today's world expect the impossible. Phasing out a crucial part of the team will only hurt the end result.
I'm sure that we're not all gone yet, but I'm afraid that the position of Draftsman will cease to exist in the next 10 years, and that's a sad thought.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The roots of the GDR's air forces laid in the time even before the founding of the National People's Army. The aim was to provide a structural basis and a basis for building the expertise needed to deploy and operate air forces. For this purpose, in 1951, initially under the lead of the Ministry of the Interior and under the influence of Soviet advisors, the so-called Kasernierte Volkspolizei (People's Police (Air) Quartered in Barracks (= on constant duty), KVP) with staff from the People's Police Air (VP-Luft) was set up in Berlin-Johannisthal. It was not a true air force, but rather a training unit that prepared the foundation of a true military power.
However, the KVP led to the GDR's 1st Air Division with three regiments. Training was carried out from 1953 onwards on various Soviet types, including the An-2, MiG-15, La-9 (only for training on the ground), Yak-18 and Yak-11 aircraft. All equipment was provided by the Soviet Union. However, from the beginning of 1952, the training of the future ground crew and the pilots in the so-called X course began secretly, and at the same time the GDR tried to build and test aeronautic engineering competences.
For this purpose, a military unit was established at the VEB Flugzeugwerke Dresden (FWD), an institution which was also the workplace of Brunolf Baade, the designer of the Baade 152 airliner which was built and tested between 1956 and 1961. The GDR's newly formed Air Division was keen on an ingenious fighter aircraft, despite the modern MiG-15 having become available from the USSR. The primary subject was a re-build of the WWII Messerschmitt Me 262, but the lack of plans and especially of suitable engines soon led to an end of this project, even though contacts with Avia in Czechoslovakia were made where a small number of Me 262 had been produced as S-92 fighters and trainers.
Since many senior pilots in GDR service had experience with the WWII Bf 109, and there had been a considerable number of more or less finished airframes after the Soviet occupation of Eastern Germany, FWD proposed a modernization program for the still existing material, much like the Avia S-199 program in Czechoslovakia.
The project received the code number "53" (for the year of its initiation) and structural basis for the not-so-new fighter for the GDR's nascent air force were primarily late Bf 109G and some Bf 109K airframes, reflected by an "A" and "B" suffix. Unlike the Czechoslovakian Avia S-199, which was re-engined with a rather sluggish Junkers Jumo 211 F, the FWD-53 fighter from Dresden was to be powered by a supercharged Mikulin AM-35 engine. This was a considerable reduction in output, since the late Bf 109 engines produced up to 2.000 hp, while the AM-35 just provided 1.400 hp. With some tuning and local modifications, however, the engine for the service aircraft was pushed to yield 1.100 kW (1,500 hp), and the fact that it was smaller and lighter than the original engine somewhat compensated for the lack of power.
Another feature that differed from the S-199 was the radiator system: the original Bf 109 underwing coolers were retained, even though the internal systems were replaced with new and more efficient heat exchangers and a new plumbing.
In order to save weight, the FWD-53's armament was relatively light. It consisted of a pair of heavy 12.7 mm Berezin UBS machine guns and a single 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon. These three weapons were mounted above the engine, synchronized to fire through the propeller disc. This standard armament could be augmented with a further pair of NS-23 cannon, carried in pods under the outer wings (instead of a pair of bombs of up to 250 kg caliber). Alternatively, a ventral hardpoint allowed the carriage of a single 500 kg (1.100 lb) bomb or a 300l drop tank.
In the course of 1952 and 1953, a total of 39 Bf 109 airframes from GDR and also Czech and Polish origin were converted or re-built from existing components at Dresden. At the end of November 1953, the KVP's reorganization was carried out as a staff of the administration of the units initially called Aero clubs in Cottbus and the change of subordination by the MoI directly under the Deputy Minister and head of the Kasernierten People's Police. The air regiments were restructured into Aeroklubs 1 (Cottbus), 2 (Drewitz) and 3 (Bautzen), which in turn were divided into two sections. From 1954 onwards, the FWD-53 fleet joined these training units and were primarily tasked with advanced weapons training and dissimilar aerial combat.
On March 1, 1956, the GDR's air forces were officially formed as part of the Nationale Volksarmee (NVA, National People's Army). First of all the management of the aeroclubs, according to the Soviet model, gave rise to the Administrations Air Force (LSK) in Cottbus and Air Defense (LV) in Strausberg (Eggersdorf). The initial plans were to found three Jagdfliegerdivisionen (fighter squadrons), a Schlachtfliegerdivision (attack squadron) and a Flak (AA gunnery) division, but only the 1st and 3rd Air Division and the 1st Flak Division were eventually set up. On June 1, 1957, a merger of both administrations in Strausberg (Eggersdorf) resulted in another renaming, and the Air Force/Air Defense Command (detachment LSK/LV) was born.
From this point on, almost all operational front line units were equipped with the Soviet MiG-15. The FWD-53s were quickly, together with other piston engine types, relegated to second line units and used in training and liaison roles. The last FWD-53 was retired in 1959.
General characteristics:
Crew: One
Length: 9.07 m (29 ft 8 1/2 in)
Wingspan: 9.925 m (32 ft 6 in)
Height: 2.60 m (8 ft 2 in)
Wing area: 16.05 m² (173.3 ft²)
Empty weight: 2,247 kg (5,893 lb)
Loaded weight: 3,148 kg (6,940 lb)
Max. takeoff weight: 3,400 kg (7,495 lb)
Powerplant:
1× Mikulin AM-35A(D) liquid-cooled V12 engine with 1,080 kW (1,500 hp),
driving a three-bladed light-alloy propeller with 3.2m (10 ft 4 ½ in) diameter
Performance:
Maximum speed: 640 km/h (398 mph) at 6,300 m (20,669 ft)
Cruise speed: 590 km/h (365 mph) at 6,000 m (19,680 ft)
Range: 850 km (528 mi) 1,000 km (621 mi) with drop tank
Service ceiling: 12,000 m (39,370 ft)
Rate of climb: 17.0 m/s (3,345 ft/min)
Wing loading: 196 kg/m² (40 lb/ft²)
Power/mass: 344 W/kg (0.21 hp/lb)
Armament:
1× 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov NS-23 cannon with 75 rounds
2× 12.7 mm (0.5 in) Berezin UBS machine guns with 300 RPG
all mounted above the engine and synchronized to fire through the propeller arc
A total external ordnance of 500 kg (1.100 lb), including 1× 250 kg (551 lb) bomb or 1 × 300-litre (79
US gal) drop tank on a centerline hardpoint, or 2x 250 kg bombs or 2x 23 mm Nudelman-Suranov
NS-23 cannon with 60 rounds in pods under the outer wings
The kit and its assembly:
This build was actually a kind of kit recycling, since I had a Heller Bf 109K kit in my kit stash that had donated its engine section to a converted Fw 190D. Otherwise, the kit was still complete, and it took some time until I had an idea for it: I had never so far built an East German whif, and with the complicated political and economic situation after WWII I wondered how a nascent aircraft industry could build experience and an air force? A re-engined/revamped late Bf 109 could have been the answer, so I took this idea to the hardware stage.
The Heller Bf 109K is a simple and pleasant build, but it took some time to find a suitable new engine of Soviet origin. I eventually settled for a Mikulin AM-35, taken from a Revell MiG-3 kit. The transplant was rather straightforward, and the Bf 109K’s “cheek” fairings at the cowling’s rear section actually matched the round diameter of the AM-35 well – even though the Soviet engine was much smaller and very sleek.
The rhinoplasty went very well, though, there’s just a little, ventral “step” at the wings’ leading edge.
The MiG-3 propeller could not be used, though, because the diameter and the blades themselves were just too small for the Bf 109. So I scratched a completely new propeller from a Spitfire Mk. IX spinner (reduced in length, though) and single blades from the scrap box – not certain which aircraft they actually belong to. The new prop was mounted onto a metal axis and a matching plastic tube adapter was implanted into the fuselage.
The only other modification of the kit are the main wheels – Heller’s OOB parts are quite bleak, so I replaced them with visually better parts from the scrap box.
Painting and markings:
This was not easy, because LSK/LV aircraft either carried Soviet camouflage of that era (typically a uniform green/blue camouflage) or were, more often, simply left in bare metal, like the MiG-15s. However, I wanted a more interesting camouflage scheme, but nothing that would remind of the Bf 109’s WWII origins, and it was still supposed to show some Eastern Bloc heritage. After a long search I found a suitable option, in the form of a LSK/LV MiG-15UTI trainer (actually a museum piece at the military history museum Gatow, near Berlin): the machine carried a relatively light green/brown camouflage and light blue undersides. Pretty simple, but the tones were quite unique – even though there’s no guarantee that this livery is/was authentic!
However, I adapted the concept for the FWD-53. Search in the paint bank yielded Humbrol 86 (Light Olive Green) and 62 (Leather Brown) as suitable tones for the upper surfaces, while I went for a garish Humbrol 89 (Middle Blue) underneath. Quite a bright result! The spinner became red and the interior was painted in RLM02.
The markings were puzzled together from various sources, including suitable early LSK/LV roundels. Most stencils were taken from the Heller kit’s OOB sheet. After light panel shading and some soot stains with grinded graphite, the kit was sealed with a coat of matt acrylic varnish.
A very quick project, realized just in three days (plus some time for the beauty shots, though) as a distraction from a very busy time at work. However, for a model created from leftover parts the FWD-53 looks surprisingly good and sleek. The pointed MiG-3 nose section subtly changes the profile – and somehow, from certain angles, the FWD-53 even reminds of the much bigger Il-2?
Coachwork by Stabilimenti Farina
One-off
The unique Siata-Ford 208S was commissioned as a promotional tool by Jimmy Mulgrew of Euclid Ford in Euclid, Ohio. To assist with the project, Mulgrew enlisted the expertise of racer Dick Irish, class winner at the 1952 12 Hours of Sebring. Originally the pair intended to base the project on a Ford “Police Special” chassis, but the request for such a chassis was reportedly denied by Ford Motor Company. Consequently, a 1951 Ford sedan was purchased from Euclid Ford and sent to Siata via Tony Pompeo’s New York dealership in mid-1952.
The flathead V-8 drivetrain, suspension, and instruments used in the car are those from that Ford sedan, but the frame was specially designed by Siata. It is unknown whether the entire car was sent to Italy and then taken apart, or whether the major components of the car were removed in New York and then shipped abroad. The use of a Siata chassis rather than the Ford seems to indicate the latter.
What is known is that the completed aluminum cabriolet was returned to New York in late 1952, very close to when Stabilimenti Farina ceased operations. So close, in fact, it was noted by Dick Irish that the car may actually have been finished by the legendary coachbuilder Bertone.
After displaying the car at Euclid Ford, Mulgrew sold the special cabriolet through Alfred Momo’s New York dealership in 1955. This second owner is unknown, but the car was subsequently purchased in the mid-1960s by Frank Russo Sr. of Jacksonville, Maryland. It was with Russo for several years until it was sold to a new, as yet unknown, owner in the late 1960s. Purchased in October 1974 by Michael Caltrider, the car then changed hands several more times to owners including: Michael Supley in August 1975, Roland Wommack, Bill Lightfoot in 1982, Phil Goutell in 1985, Joseph Alphabet in 1987, and Oliver Kuttner in 1988.
The 208S had fallen into disrepair by the summer of 1988, when it was refurbished for the first time by Kuttner. It then sat largely unused until 2005, when it was purchased by Jerry Bensinger and Daniel Rapley, who then sold the car to the current owner. It was treated to a full restoration of the aluminum coachwork by German shop Bernhadt Karosseriebau, before being shipped to Absolute Engineering of Goleta, California, to complete the rest of the car.
The remarkable product of international collaboration, the Siata-Ford 208S Speciale combines reliable American engineering and modern Italian design into an elegant and eminently enjoyable automobile. Included with the sale is a file documenting the build, ownership, and restoration histories. Wearing a fresh two-tone red and black color scheme and with the original color of parchment leather interior, this 208S Cabriolet Speciale is eligible for some of the world’s finest rallies and tours as well as being a unique candidate for the most prestigious international concours.
Metropole Classic Cars
Meubellaan 1
Druten
Nederland - Netherlands
June 2021
The level of his analytical skills had seriously decreased, he probably did not have the expertise to perform this function and the most terrible thing for me at the time was that I realized that after only a year and a half of experience, I had acquired more experience than him to handle the files under management.
I experienced this misfortune as a great injustice because not only on the subjects I did not master, he was of no help to me and I was not reassured because he showed no common sense. That's when I made several mistakes. My anger became visible. I must admit that I had a lot of difficulty respecting this person and following his recommendations. Finally, I tried to implicitly demonstrate to him that our team did not give him any credit.
"Hubris syndrome: the disease of power. Loss of sense of reality, intolerance to contradiction, piecemeal actions, obsession with one's own image and abuse of power: these are some of the symptoms of a newly identified mental illness that is reported to develop during the exercise of power. It's hubris syndrome. "dixit dictionary
I had to paint a quick picture of the evolution of the "millennium" to return very quickly to the virtues due to spiritual coaching. It seems essential to replace the old workings of an entrepreneurial world that is in trouble, with a new cure in the bud of the new incubators? Technology prevails over conventional workplaces to increase workers' incomes without any major leverage affecting revenues, creating a loss of organizational spirituality in many workplaces. Over the years in the research field, spirituality in the workplace has acquired a vital importance that would inspire employee confidence. The gap in university research is still present since this topic is still in the development stage and many empirical research studies have demonstrated a significant interaction between workplace spirituality and positive task results and job satisfaction. Peers who felt that the meaning of their work exists and who have a sense of connection and interaction in the work environment provided better performance and even added value through their dedication to improving the work environment.
I can imagine a spiritual coach on the trays of the new incubators, just as I imagine a crèche for the many couples who will come to work here, there is already an organic canteen and all that is missing is the spiritual coach. The psychologist with his antidepressants has become obsolete, like the treadmill or the fitness room replaced by yoga.
We must measure the effects of the revolution due to artificial intelligence and the arrival of robots, we have not yet understood that this is a tsunami that will sweep away an entire part of the old economy with its vertical enterprises and its systematizations that have become almost insolent, as they do not evaluate the change in mentalities?
I will voluntarily use a mystical vocabulary in such a way as to replace its meaning in the entrepreneurial world and would like to briefly recall its definition for sceptical or resistant minds to spiritual matter.
"doxa: All opinions received without discussion, as obvious, in a given civilization. "The spiritual doxa currently finds the obsolescence of its meaning in old catechism books, it precedes the episteme "All the regulated knowledge (world view, sciences, philosophies...) specific to a social group, at a time " the new century that is opening up to us, is perhaps placed in a form of episteme of the spiritual fact? The company would be the vase that would contain this alchemy specific to the development of the modern individual?
The awareness of this issue leads us directly to an antagonism, so it will be necessary to believe that such a heterogeneous assembly will immediately inspire a cloud of prejudices incompatible with this presentation. I would especially like to warn agnostic readers that this presentation does not wish to change their secular nature, nor does it wish to be a backdoor form of proselytism. The question asked may be worth a detour outside the contours of the moralizing doxa and religiously diverted from its initial message.
"In nature we never see anything isolated, but everything in connection with something else which is before it, beside it, under it and over it." Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Thought to be the most powerful hunter, with leadership and resourcefulness traits, the mountain lion is the guardian of the northern direction. He is associated with the color yellow and appears in both hunting and healing directional sets. Today, mountain lion fetishes are carved with great realism and detail and also in the more ancient, primitive style. Before the introduction of power tools, most mountain lions were represented with their tails up and over the back. Now carvers are able to carve long, flowing tails that extend behind the back or even curl in delicate swirls. The mountain lion can remind us to persevere, clarify our goals and move forward to achieving our dreams.
Many startups run in cult mode, it is clear that employees will do more for a guru, the vertical and elitist leader may have some worries to deal with within the coming decade. It is interesting to understand the so-called "millennium" generation, i. e. those born around the year 2000, to see with their eyes, to rub our eyes of the last century and remove the contours of our appearance, to look without make-up, appearance is not a criteria anymore, we can buy unknown brands and buy organic baskets without even going through a sign, we can even do our market in the company's hall and find everything in a box supplied by delivery people.
The generation that drives its shopping cart is dying with their old leaders and counterproductive authoritarianism. I find many values classified as religious, rarely as spiritual, the word is probably too positive to evoke the different churches, so I find all its new values very spiritual, they come from the spirit, the pure spirit and leave the price on the side, it seeks ethics, is the fabric of the clothing made with animals that have not suffered? Does the toy wood come from a forest which is well managed?
We are witnessing a revolution in mentalities and production methods between artificial intelligence and robots, it is an even more important revolution than the industrial revolution of the 19th century and perhaps even more so than the revolution of the nomadic man who became a farmer! The man-machine will forget all executive tasks and the subordinates will disappear in favour of more docile machines. There will therefore be a lot of exclusion and certainly major divisions, we are living off the premises in the riots in the suburbs. The company is becoming a temporary place, Nokia has flooded the planet with its phones and then disappeared, the brands no longer have a status of eternity and the management of the near future is already in the process of setting up in startups. I am not saying that the startup is a new paradise, I even think that the startup is somewhere a negation of the social progress made between 1920 and 1990. Why 1990? Because in 1990 the Anglo-Saxons and Germans changed their management methods. The British scuttled their industry to build a financial empire, a kind of tax haven at the gates of Europe and the Germans invented mini-jobs for 300 euros, a Mercedes is the price of a Ford to build!
My presentation would like to draw a line between spirituality and religious principles. I also wish to leave behind the traditional divisions between excessive secularism, fearing with stupor the supernatural fact and firmly committed to an old logic and perhaps already overtaken by recent societal developments. The business world is constantly changing. A company is a living social organism. It is the interaction of human beings who manufacture a product, i.e. who produce a good or provide a service. Like humans, living beings or nature in general, we can never fully understand such a social organism. It is not just a simple machine or a complicated device, but something living that follows an evolution.
I suggest introducing the concept of spirituality as part of a business, in the sense of undertaking together and perhaps under the aegis of an egregore, not religious but mental and respectful of the general harmony.
"A egregore (or eggregore) is, in esotericism, a concept designating a group spirit influenced by the common desires of several individuals united for a well-defined purpose. This force would need to be constantly nurtured by its members through established and defined rituals. »
The notion of egregore can be applied to the business world, in the definition taken from Wikipedia, I try to extract: "common group spirit of several individuals" it seems to resemble the definition of a company, not necessarily with vertical management and perhaps soon archaic?
The dogmas of the academic business elite are sinking into the void of psychoanalysis. We are at a turning point with our society, which also attracts ever wider circles in business life.
People's consciousness is growing rapidly. More and more people who are integrated into the work process feel overwhelmed or have the inner feeling that things cannot continue like this.
Older workers cannot cope with new digital developments, and young workers have no desire for a meaningless activity.
It is impossible to say that they prefer to live hidden under lazy skin. Quite the contrary! They are perfectly aware of the daily reality, but only if it makes sense to them. There are many employees, workers, executives who feel the same frustration with a hierarchy inherited from the old school of a previous century!
Spirituality could change outdated practices in the workplace. It would create interconnections that foster greater trust between a company's employees. Desktops are part of a particular work process that can lead to feelings of cooperation and sometimes lead to an overall organizational culture based on motivation. It is illustrated by a scientific response to human problems and depends essentially on the competence of psychologists. Psychologists often do not have answers to the problems of differentiation. They are the source of a deep sense of loneliness and this pathology usually leads employees to become depressed. Psychologists practice a levelling to promote a societal norm that reflects scientific projections. Practitioners generally use antidepressant medications to enslave individuals who experience this loneliness of mind. They are unanimously very close to Freudian psychoanalysis, rather agnostic. They generally lack a magical or symbolic part that is the basis of all civilizations. Ours feeds on Harry Potter or Halloween to compensate for this lack of symbolism in social relationships.
Hughes Songe
On Nov. 15, 2018 at 11:04, Hughes wrote:
Yes, it is a point of view that can be applied to a coach, spiritual or agnostic, he remains a coach.
It is interesting to develop why in 2018/28 we are in the midst of a revolution (artificial intelligence, robots) and how humanity finds itself in spirituality and why another coaching will be imposed! The spiritual coach is the future! As an architect, I imagine a kind of "chapel" that would be placed on the open Space and that we would leave our intimate "confessions" there. I am visionary and not formatted by an education that imposes a strict vision of spirituality on me, for me spirituality is in the subway and consists in getting up to let the other sit down, it consists in saying hello in a stairwell or smiling in the morning and distributing positive impressions to others and especially to myself. The negative, the doubt is the demon? The angel lives with hope and love for himself and others?
On Nov. 14, 2018 at 14:59, Priscilla wrote:
I'm reading what you wrote.
For me, a good coach is inspired by spirituality, that is to say, he would have a method that consists precisely in helping the consultant to find the balance between his daily life and his deep aspirations.
we're okay with that?
On Nov 13, 2018 at 14:45, Hughes wrote:
I just finished the work the day before yesterday Monday evening, I spent two hours between the break and one hour in the subway and then at Claire's from 8am until now. It's a little short to smooth everything out. As you have seen, I am rewriting the information received on German and American books. I add a spiritual and a little French touch to it. It is a long work to make these ten pages edible by agnostic minds and very formatted by Hautes Études Commerciales. I am also thinking of Hugues Couratier, my grandfather who graduated from this school in 1929...
Have a good reading
(Your comments can help me a lot to finalize tomorrow)
"AM I know he prefer Blue but seeing the hotness of Red Saber body in a wrestling match with only a loincloth with a bra is really intriguing tbh? With Red Saber personality, her boldness is enough to K.O. any men.Gilgamesh lost because of her hot body. TBH, any guy would die happily in a wrestling match with her. Hey, for all we know, Gil prefers blue Saber's... lesser endowments.flatlands fetish lol :D On the one hand Saber wrestled a lion.On the other hand Gilgamesh wrestled a divine bull sent from the heavens. On a mysterious third hand skills are still active, so Imperial Privelage would likely allow Saber to perform well enough to overcome him, assuming wrestling is included in the "other" aspect of the description. If that's what you mean by "no abilities" though, then Gil wins for having slightly superior strength and a lot more luck unless Saber performs a clever distraction with her performing abilities. Bane even prayed for Dick when he became Batman. Are they both contracted to Rin at the same time, or are there two distinct individual iterations of Rin and each one happens to be the master of one of them? Also, is/are Rin/the Rins watching? Is one of the Rins evil? Does Evil Rin have a different hairstyle? Abilities are not allowed so Red Saber can not use Imperial Privilege.Red Saber's master is black haired Rin and Gilgamesh's master is blonde haired Rin."We have 55 characters, I'd really like an even number."
it, just put Wolverine in again and see if they notice." Then Extra Saber should win, since FSN Rin is far and away the superior magus, since the concept of magecraft is way different in the Extra universe (where Blonde Rin is from). Though if you just want to ignore the Masters altogether, Gilgamesh would still win. You begin to suspect that your bowl is a portal to the Meat Dimension. More than likely they'd just make out anyway, but yeah, I figured that was the point of the question's imagery? Bane even prayed for Dick when he became Batman. -- Frostbite_Zero I just want to note...Gilgamesh becomes a zombie at an assertive woman. Look at Carnival Phantasm Just for laugh, watch the whole episode!
Red Saber wins with her personality. This show how bold she is. Red Saber is truly a bold woman indeed.yeah. it's a privilege to us to see that part. ahahaanyway thanks for the link. i tend to repeat that part when i'm bored lol.Official Praetor of Saber in the Fate/Extra Boards www.facebook.com/pages/Saber-FateExtra/286251641405745 HERCULES. Easily identified by a lion skin and a club, his favorite weapon, the ... MERCURY ... also sometimes holds the caduceus, a herald's staff with two...The Club of Hercules : Studies in the classical background of ...
www.amazon.fr/The-Club-Hercules-classical.../dp/B0014VL50...
funny heads photo by art conservator Frederik Cnockaert restoration conservation Art. Preservation old new paintings, canvas, paper or panel. Polychrome wood statues, stone sculptures carriers. Expertise offer made free. ART conservator restorer Frederik Cnockaert expert craftsman highest quality www.art-restaurat... info@kerat.be painting during restoration in atelier kerat. conservation Art. Preservation old new paintings, canvas, copper panel. Polychrome wood statue, stone sculpture carriers. Expertise offer made free
www.intersectionconsulting.comThe danger of becoming an expert doesn’t lie in the label or how freely others bestow it upon you. “Expert” becomes a risk to your small business when you buy into the hype that you’ve reached the pinnacle of knowledge and it’s okay to stop thinking, learning and embracing new ideas. Note: Inspired by David Armano.
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
* Brightside
A quick discussion with the local expertise, saw a rapid(ish) move to the next location, to photograph the set coming out of Sheffield Midland and today passing though its correct namesake 'Bright'side Station on the northbound move to Hull. With the Brightside ex-Station 'Station Hotel' in the background, its outside having been recently re-furbished, making it stand out more prominently in the background but unfortunately in the angle of this shot, sans-ladder, that damned tree is in the way. No matter, the scene looks colourful and now, with class 37, 37419 at the head of the departing South Yorks RHTT, the area is enhanced with colour from the InterCity livery of 'Carl Haviland 1954-2012' on the 3S14, Sheffield via Selby to Hull RHTT working. As this is a passenger line, the Sandite units should be in full spray but I see no evidence for this, nor in the departing shots showing the other side, as the set prepares to pass though Meadowhall Interchange? On the old metal footbridge, a small band of enthusiasts has gathered, and are enjoying the view over the old station site, its 'beginning' to look in need of some TLC though I guess there would be no reason for this 'ex-parrot' to have a face lift, given that the then new, Meadowhall Interchange, replaced this station in the mid-1990s, the former being more convenient for main-line and Blackburn Valley services when the area took on the mantle of being a bus, car and train interchange, surrounded by shops instead of steelworks of course. Fortunately, in the grand new schemes, the Brightside 'back line' has been retained and recently re-railed and re-ballasted and finds often use for diversions and moves directly along the Blackburn Valley line, as required, this line looking new, but rusty, in the right corner of the picture.
All of the expertise behind Beleza Revelada did not develop overnight. Professional photographer Gina Stocco was raised in Canada and spent part of her childhood in the U.S.A. She pursued her creative passion by studying Art at Connestoga University where she developed her photography talent and graduated ready for a career with her camera. In 2001, Ms. Stocco was invited to work as a chief photographer for a leading lingerie company, Fruit de la Passion. Ms. Stocco has also worked as a photojournalist associated with Fenaj, Arfoc, International Press, and I.F.J. She has worked at Futura Press, Folha de Sao Paulo, Comercio Jornal and lately works for …….
by Gina Stocco