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I wasn't expecting to come across a Kroger store in the midst of a trip west from Wisconsin; but this sight in Bloomington, Illinois proved me wrong. I must have grazed the far corner of their trade area on the first afternoon.
Note the arched barrel roof and protruding ridges along the side of the building. Both are indicators that the store is surprisingly old in age: Mid to late 1950s, by my estimation.
Baroque church
In 1676, when the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Trinity was solemnly introduced to St. Peter's, it soon attained a high membership. A large part of the members were among the richest and most respected citizens of Vienna. The nobility was also represented to the highest tops. The Brotherhood therefore had the means to do so, and in 1700, it decided to demolish the old church and build a new building whose shape was to commemorate St. Peter's in Rome. One year earlier, in the plague year of 1679, Leopold I vowed to build a new building dedicated to the Holy Trinity in place of the dilapidated church. Builder Jankel was requested to make an estimation of the costs. He received 50 guilders for the building survey drawn by him.
According to the technical guide through Vienna (Ing. Martin Paul) the builders are indicated in the inscriptions in the dome knob: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl and Christian Oettl. However, the bibliographical references are widely differing. According to the manual of the German art monuments of Georg Dehio, the construction was started according to the plan of Gabriele Montani 1702, continued from this until 1703, then, probably completed by Johann Lukas Hildebrandt after modified plan 1708 in the shell and consecrated on October 25, 1708. 1708-1715 was followed by the interior fittings, 1713-1717 the dome space was completed in its current picturesque and sculptural design, but only 1730-1733 built the main choir. Cardinal Kollonitsch consecrated St. Peter's Church in 1733. The tomb of Wolfgang Lazius, who had been buried in the old Peterskirche in 1565, was transferred to the new St. Peter's church. The Petersfreithof (cemetery) still surrounded the church, it was only abandoned under Joseph II. In 1844, the façade was restored, and the many sales offices added to the church disappeared after the abolishemnt of the cemetery.
The history of St. Peter in Baroque period
When the old church was removed in 1701, it was decided to find the foundation stone of the first church, which contained "an old parable of Pope Leo III", the friend and contemporary of Charlemagne.
An old memorial book from the parish notes that the particle in 1749 still existed, but writes nothing about the nature of the same. The founders of the strange foundation stone claimed that it must have been laid in the year 800 and this conviction was maintained, so that afterwards the inscription of the cornerstone for the new church was written, which reads:
Petri prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis DOM uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit Lapidem in titulum cen age Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix. "
The German translation is approximately as follows:
"This church, which stood over nine centuries, founded on holy honors on the solid rock of Apostle Prince Paul, the key bearer of heaven, by Charlemagne in the year 800, after the Virgin gave birth, has resurrected gloriously in honor of the almighty God who is united in Trinity and St. Peter, as second Jacob the cornerstone has laid Leopold the Great as well as the Happy. "
This laying of the cornerstone was solemnly performed by Emperor Leopold I on June 30, 1702 (according to Harrer, Czeike names April 22, 1702).
Already at the time of the start of construction an accident was recorded:
On the occasion of a solemn procession on October 29, 1702, in which the emperor also participated with his court, as a result of the overburden, the planks laid over the foundations collapsed and about 50 persons, mostly court cavaliers and page boys, plunged into the depths.
The completion of the church progressed very slowly. Even during construction, the wood of the dome was damaged, so this had to be replaced in 1722 by a dome cover, for which Emperor Charles VI as the supreme patron and member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, supplied the copper. For years, the facade was missing and the towers had no ending.
On May 17, 1733, the church was finally consecrated by the Cardinal Count Sigismund Kollonitsch.
Appearance
The outer image of St. Peter's is dominated by the 56-meter high, massive dome, which in its configuration reminds of the dome of St. Peter. It is a two-storey facade of stocky effect, whose slopingly placed towers flank the concave central part and which is surmounted by the dome of the central building. The building itself glorifies the reign of Emperor Leopold I, whose motto is emblazoned in the interior above the choir arch. The charming, pavilion-like portal porch made of gray marble was built according to a design by Andrea Altomonte only 1751-1753. Figurative decoration made of lead by Franz Kohl, a pupil and assistant of Georg Raphael Donner, decorates it. Right at the top are the statues Faith, Hope and Love, as well as angelic figures bearing tiaras and keys, the insignia of papal sovereignty. On the gable window at the front and the vases on the side reliefs: depictions from the life of Peter. The main portal shows rich carving and beautiful fittings; an inscription commemorates the imperial plague vow.
In the niches below the two slopingly placed towers that flank the front of the church are the following sandstone figures: St. Peter and St. Simon, St. John the Evangelist (according to Paul Harrer St. Paul) and Judas Thaddeus. At the back of the choir (outside wall of the church) are stone sculptures of St. Peter and St. Michael, executed by Lorenz Matitelli around 1730.
On the eastern side wall of the church, opposite the exit of the Goldschmied alley, a marble relief is embedded in the stone wall, depicting the legendary setting up of the cross at this place by Charlemagne. Created by Rudolf Weyr, it was unveiled in 1906.
Barockkirche
Als die Bruderschaft der heiligsten Dreifaltigkeit 1676 feierlich in die Peterskirche eingeführt wurde, erreichte sie bald einen hohen Mitgliederstand. Ein großer Teil der Mitglieder zählte zu den reichsten und angesehensten Bürgern von Wien. Auch der Adel war bis in die höchsten Spitzen vertreten. Die Bruderschaft verfügte daher über die entsprechenden Mittel und so fasste sie im Jahr 1700 den Entschluss, die alte Kirche niederzureißen und einen Neubau aufzuführen, dessen Form an die Peterskirche zu Rom erinnern sollte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor, im Pestjahr 1679 gelobte Leopold I., anstelle der baufälligen Kirche einen der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit gewidmeten Neubau zu errichten. Man ließ von Baumeister Jankel einen Kosten-Überschlag machen. Für den von ihm gezeichneten Bauriss erhielt er 50 Gulden.
Nach dem technischen Führer durch Wien (Ing. Martin Paul) werden die Erbauer in den Inschriften im Kuppelknauf angegeben: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl und Christian Oettl. Die Literaturangaben gehen jedoch hierüber weit auseinander. Nach dem Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler von Georg Dehio wurde der Bau nach dem Plan von Gabriele Montani 1702 begonnen, von diesem bis 1703 weitergeführt, sodann, wahrscheinlich von Johann Lukas Hildebrandt nach verändertem Plan 1708 im Rohbau vollendet und am 25. Oktober 1708 geweiht. 1708-1715 folgte die Innenausstattung, 1713-1717 wurde der Kuppelraum in seiner gegenwärtigen malerischen und plastischen Ausgestaltung vollendet, jedoch erst 1730-1733 baute man den Hauptchor. 1733 weihte Kardinal Kollonitsch die Peterskirche. Das Grabmal des Wolfgang Lazius, der in der alten Peterskirche 1565 bestattet worden war, wurde in die neue Peterskirche übertragen. Nach wie vor umgab der Petersfreithof die Kirche; er wurde erst unter Joseph II. aufgelassen. 1844 restaurierte man die Fassade, wobei auch die vielen an die Kirche angebauten Verkaufsbuden verschwanden, die nach der Auflassung des Friedhofs entstanden waren.
Die Geschichte von St. Peter im Barock
Als man 1701 die alte Kirche abtrug, will man bei dieser Gelegenheit den Grundstein der ersten Kirche gefunden haben, der "eine alten Paritkel von Papst Leo III.“, dem Freunde und Zeitgenossen Karls des Großen, enthielt.
Ein altes Gedenkbuch aus der Pfarre bemerkt, dass der Partikel noch 1749 vorhanden war, schreibt aber nichts über die Art desselben. Die Auffinder des merkwürdigen Grundsteines behaupteten, dass er im Jahr 800 gelegt worden sein müsse und an dieser Überzeugung hielt man fest, sodass danach die Inschrift des Grundsteines für die neue Kirche verfasst wurde, welche lautet:
"Ecclesia quae IX ultra saecula steterat, fundata supra firmam Petram prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis D.O.M- uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit. Lapidem in titulum cen alter Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix.“
Die deutsche Übersetzung ist etwa wie folgt:
"Diese Kirche, die über neun Jahrhunderte stand, gegründet zu heiligen Ehren auf dem festen Felsen des Apostelfürsten Paulus, des Schlüsselträgers des Himmels, von Karl dem Großen Kaiser im Jahr 800, nachdem die Jungfrau gebar, ist dem allmächtigen Gott, der einig ist in der Dreiheit und dem heiligen Petrus zu Ehren prachtvoll wiedererstanden. Als zweiter Jakob hat den Grundstein gelegt Leopold der ebenso Große als Glückliche."
Diese Grundsteinlegung geschah in feierlicher Weise durch Kaiser Leopold I. am 30. Juni 1702 (laut Harrer; Czeike benennt den 22. April 1702).
Schon zur Zeit des Baubeginnes war ein Unfall zu verzeichnen:
Anlässlich einer feierlichen Prozession am 29. Oktober 1702, an der auch der Kaiser mit seinem Hofstaat teilnahm, stürzte infolge der Überlastung die über die Fundamente gelegten Bretter ein und etwa 50 Personen, meistens Hofkavaliere und Pagen stürzten in die Tiefe.
Die Vollendung der Kirche ging sehr langsam voran. Noch während des Baues wurde das Holz der Kuppel schadhaft, sodass dieses 1722 durch eine Kuppeldeckung ersetzt werden musste, wozu Kaiser Karl VI. als oberster Schutzherr und Mitglied der Bruderschaft der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit das Kupfer lieferte. Jahrelang fehlte die Fassade und die Türme hatten keinen Abschluss.
Am 17. Mai 1733 konnte die Kirche endlich durch den Kardinal Graf Sigismund Kollonitsch geweiht werden.
Äußeres
Das äußere Bild das die Peterskirche darbietet, wird beherrschend bestimmt durch die 56 Meter hohe, gewaltige Kuppel, die in ihrer Konfiguration an die Kuppel von St. Peter erinnert. Es handelt sich um eine zweigeschossige Fassade von gedrungener Wirkung, deren schräggestellte Türme den konkav einschwingenden Mittelteil flankieren und der von der Kuppel des Zentralbaus überragt wird. Der Bau selbst verherrlicht die Regierung des Kaisers Leopold I., dessen Wahlspruch im Innen über dem Chorbogen prangt. Der reizvolle, pavillonartige Portalvorbau aus grauem Marmor wurde nach einem Entwurfe von Andrea Altomonte erst 1751 bis 1753 errichtet. Figürlicher Schmuck aus Blei von Franz Kohl, einem Schüler und Gehilfen von Georg Raphael Donner, ziert ihn. Zu Oberst die Statuen Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe, sowie Engelfiguren, welche Tiara und Schlüssel, die Insignien der päpstlichen Souveränität, tragen. Am Giebelfenster an der Vorderseite und den Vasen an der Seite Reliefs: Darstellungen aus dem Leben Petri. Das Hauptportal zeigt reiches Schnitzwerk und schöne Beschläge; eine Inschrift erinnert an das kaiserliche Pestgelübde.
In den Nischen unterhalb der beiden schiefgestellten Türme, welche die Vorderseite der Kirche flankieren, stehen folgende Sandsteinfiguren: St. Petrus und St. Simon, Johannes Evangelist (laut Paul Harrer St. Paulus) und Judas Thaddäus. An der Rückseite des Chores (Außenwand der Kirche) befinden sich Steinplastiken vom heiligen Petrus und vom Heiligen Michael, die von Lorenz Matitelli um 1730 ausgeführt wurden.
An der östlichen Seitenwand des Gotteshauses, gegenüber dem Ausgang der Goldschmiedgasse ist in die Steinmauer ein Marmorrelief eingelassen, das die sagenhafte Kreuzerrichtung an dieser Stelle durch Karl den Großen vergegenwärtigt. Von Rudolf Weyr geschafften, wurde es 1906 enthüllt.
Nangklao (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851. He succeeded his father, Rama II, as the King of Siam. His succession was unusual according to the traditions because Nangklao was a son of a concubine rather than that of a queen. His accession was perceived by foreign observers as having usurped the prior claim of Prince Mongkut, who was a legitimate son of Rama II born to a queen, Srisuriyendra. Under the old concept of Thai monarchy, however, a proper king must emulate Maha Sammata in that he must be "elected by the people." Ironically, Prince Mongkut may have later contributed to this misconception, when he feared that his own accession might be perceived by foreign observers as a usurpation.
During Nangklao's reign, the military hegemony of Siam was established by putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828, in what would come to be called Isan), the Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34), and the Siamese-Vietnamese War fought in Cambodia (1841–45).
EARLY LIFE
King Nangklao was born as Prince Thap (Thai: ทับ) in 1788 to Prince Isarasundhorn and one of his royal wives Chao Chom Manda Riam, who came from a Muslim noble family from the south. Following Isarasundhorn's coronation (posthumously known as Phutthaloetla Naphalai, or Rama II) in 1809, Prince Kshatriyanuchit (Mom Men), the surviving son of Taksin, revolted as pretender to the throne. Prince Thap was assigned to suppress the rebellion, which he did. Praised by his father for his competence, Prince Thap was given the Sanskrit-derived title Chetsadabodin, raised to the bureaucratic rank of Kromma Muen, and served his father as Kromma Tha (minister of trade and foreign affairs.) As Kromma Tha, he developed proficiency in foreign trade, and developed an affection for Chinese goods and culture. Temples he later had constructed were characterized by Chinese influence. After a private audience in 1822, Crawfurd wrote of the Prince Krom-chiat that, "he seemed certainly to maintain the character assigned to him in public estimation, of being the most intelligent of all the princes and chiefs of the Siamese Court." The Portuguese Consul stated that the Prince had offered him a large sum of money, if he would translate from the French into the Portuguese language a history of the wars of Napoleon, for the purpose of being rendered into Siamese through the Christian interpreters.
SUCCESSION
As the prince administered trade affairs, his half-brother Prince Mongkut pursued the way of religion, becoming a monk in 1824. In that year, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died suddenly without having named a successor to vice king Maha Senanurak, who had died 16 July 1817. According to the traditions of royal succession, the vice king or uparaja was heir presumptive. If there were none, then an ad hoc senabodi consisting of senior officials present at the death of a king, would elect a successor.[5] Foreign observers accustomed to the concept of an heir apparent expected Prince Mongkut, as the a son of the queen, to ascend to the throne. However, the assembled Senabodi considered Prince Chetsadabodin a more competent choice as he had served the king in Kromma Tha for years. Support came strongly from high-ranking nobility, including Chao Phraya Abhay Pudhorn, the Samuha Nayok, and Dis Bunnag then Minister of Kromma Tha, and other Bunnag family members.
Chetsadabodin accepted the throne and was crowned in 1824. He raised his mother, Riam, to Princess Mother Sri Suralai. He appointed his uncle, Sakdiphonlasep, vice king on 21 July 1824 – who predeceased the king 1 May 1832, leading to yet another succession crisis. He did not name his reign, but was posthumously awarded the name Nangklao by Mongkut, who had in the interim remained in ecclesiastic status to avoid the intrigues of royal politics.
WESTERN CONTACTS
The reign of Nangklao (as he was posthumously known) saw the renewal of Western contacts. In 1822, British East India Company agent John Crawfurd's mission to Siam laid the groundwork for a British request for Siamese support in the First Anglo-Burmese War, which broke out in 1824. Nangklao provided fleets and elephants to rush through Burmese forests. He also sent Siamese armies to participate in the invasion of Burma since the British promised Siam the conquered lands. Phraya Chumporn ordered the forced migration of Mergui (a common practice in Southeast Asia regarding the newly-conquered lands), which had been conquered by the British. The British were frustrated at Phraya Chumporn's actions, and hostilities were heightened. Nangklao ordered the Siamese armies to leave to avoid further conflict.
In 1825, Henry Burney arrived to negotiate peace agreements. The Burney Treaty was the first treaty with the West in the Rattanakosin period. Its purpose was to established free trade in Siam and to greatly reduce taxation on foreign trading ships. That it accomplished the objectives is disputed.
In 1833, US President Andrew Jackson's "special agent" and envoy Edmund Roberts, referring often to Crawfurd's account,[6]:pp198ff concluded the Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed at the Royal City of Sia-Yut'hia (Bangkok) on 20 March, the last of the fourth month of the year 1194 Chula Sakarat. This treaty, with later modifications, is still in force. Dan Beach Bradley, an American physician and prominent Western personality of the time, introduced printing and vaccination.
ANOUVONG INSURGENCY
The three Laotian kingdoms (Lan Xang in Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak) became Siamese tributary states after Chao Phraya Maha Kshatriyaseuk (King Rama I, Nangklao's grandfather) had conquered them in 1778. Anouvong, the son of the king of Vientiene, was taken to Bangkok as a captive. He spent nearly thirty years in Siam and joined the Siamese forces in wars with Burma. In 1805, Anouvong returned to Vientiane to be crowned as the king.
In 1824, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died and, in the following year, Siam was dragged into conflicts with the British Empire. Anouvong saw this as an opportunity to wield his power. In 1825, returning from the funeral of Phutthaloetla Naphalai in Bangkok, Anouvong assembled a large force and went on the offensive. After defeating Bangkok-vassal principalities along the way, Anouvong captured Korat, the main defensive stronghold of Siam in the northeast. He forced the city to be evacuated while marching to Saraburi, on approach to the capital, Bangkok. However, the Korat captives rebelled—said to have been at the instigation of Lady Mo, wife of a ruling noble of Korat—although this claim is countered by many historians who say Mo had no heroic role in the events at Tung Samrit, though a contemporary account did mention her action. As Bangkok gathered counterattacking troops, Anouvong withdrew to return to Vientiane.
Nangklao sent his uncle Maha Sakdi Polsep the Front Palace and Sing Singhaseni (at the time styled Phraya Ratchasuphawadi) to defeat the armies of Anouvong in Isan. Anouvong was defeated and fled to Vietnam. The Siamese captured Vientiane and ordered the evacuation of the city.
In 1827, Nangklao ordered the total destruction of Vientiane. Anouvong returned to Laos with Vietnamese forces. Ratchasuphawadi led the Siamese to fight and the engagements occurred at Nong Khai. Anouvong was defeated again and, after an attempt to flee, was captured. Vientiane was razed, extinguishing her 200 year reign, and ceased to be a kingdom. Anouvong was imprisoned in an iron cage in front of the Suthaisawan Hall and died in 1829.
VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA
In 1810, internal conflicts between Cambodian princes forced Ang Im and Ang Duong to flee to Bangkok. Otteyraja of Cambodia turned to Gia Long of Vietnam for support against the opposing princes. However, this was perceived by Siam as treacherous as the two countries had fought for centuries for control of Cambodia.
In 1833, the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Minh Mạng broke out in Vietnam. Lê Văn Khôi, the rebel leader, sought Siamese aid. Nangklao intended to take this opportunity to install a pro-Siamese monarch on the Cambodian throne.
Phraya Ratchasuphawadi, who had been promoted to Chao Phraya Bodindecha, was ordered to capture Saigon. Dis Bunnag, the Minister of Kromma Tha, commanded a fleet to rendezvous with ground forces at Saigon. The two Cambodian princes, Ang Im and Ang Duong, also joined the expedition. Bodindecha took Udongk and the fleet took Bantey Mas. The fleet proceeded to Saigon but was repelled.
Bodindecha then took Phnom Penh and again invaded Vietnam by land in 1842. In 1845, the Vietnamese recaptured Phnom Penh, but Bodindecha was able to defend Udongk. In 1847, prompted by Emperor Thiệu Trị's treatment of Christian missionaries, French forces invaded Vietnam. A cessation of hostilities with Siam was negotiated. Ang Duong was installed as the Cambodian monarch under the equal patronage of both Siam and Vietnam, thus ending the war.
REVOLT OF KEDAH
In 1837, Krom Somdet Phra Sri Suralai, mother of Nangklao, died. All officials throughout the kingdom went to Bangkok to attend the funeral. At Syburi (Kedah of Malaysia now), without the presence of Siamese governors, a nephew of the Sultan of Kedah then staged a revolt. Nangklao then sent Tat Bunnag down south to subjugate the rebellion quickly in 1838. Tat then suggested an autonomous government for Kedah Sultanate. In 1839, Kedah was divided into four autonomous parts.
RELIGIOUS DEVOTION
Nangklao was famous for his Buddhist faith. He fed the poor each day after becoming prince, and released animals every monastery day. More than 50 temples were built and repaired in his reign, including the first Chinese style temple at Rajorasa, the highest stupa at Wat Arun, the Golden Mountain at Wat Sraket, the metal temple at Wat Ratchanadda, and Chetupol Temple or Wat Pho. Wat Pho is the site of the first university in Thailand.
DEATH AND LEGACY
Nangklao died on 2 April 1851 without having named a successor. He had 51 children including sons, but had raised none of his consorts to queen. The throne passed to his half-brother, Prince Mongkut.
Nangklao stated on his deathbed that "Our wars with Burma and Vietnam were over, only the threats of the Westerners was left to us. We should study their innovations for our own benefits but not to the degree of obsession or worship." This vision coincided with Western intervention in Siam in the reign of Mongkut. He was able to predict, but not live to see the neighboring kingdoms of Burma and Vietnam fall to European colonial rule.
During his reign, trade between Siam and China became lucrative. The king kept his profits in red purses beside his bed, subsequently this money was known as "red purse money". Nangklao stipulated that the red purse money that he had earned through his business acumen should be set aside as the state's emergency fund for the future "so that Siam would be able to buy the land back" if it fell into a squabble with a foreign power. In the reign of his nephew Chulalongkorn, Siam indeed had to pay reparations to France for the 1893 Paknam incident during the Franco–Siamese War), and funding in part came from Nangklao's red purse money.
IN MEMORIAM
Thai baht 15th Series banknotes issued to draw attention to deeds of Chakri Dynasty monarchs in agriculture, science, religion and finance, depicted King Rama III on the reverse of the 500 baht banknote issued 3 August 2001, with a partial quotation of his deathbed statement below a Chinese sailing ship.
A statue of Rama III was dedicated in the front of Wat Ratchanatdaram.
Phra Nang Klao Hospital is a hospital in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name
Phra Nang Klao Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name, with the Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station.
Maha Chesadabodindranusorn Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his title.
WIKIPEDIA
The Big Unit from June 2015 when he was in my estimation around 800 lbs...Look at his rear legs, tree trunks as we say. I would think he went to den that year carrying close to 900 lbs or better...He is the largest wild black bear I have ever observed! He's standing above some bear scat he was scenting...
This is a fairly regular rant from me. I love seeing a girl in corsets, and don't get me wrong, a teeny weeny waist is a delight to behold, but not as important as the shape it imparts to her body. One estimation of the ideal waist size is (boobs + hips) / 4. A girl with bodacious curves and a 22" waist is more attractive to me than a stick insect with a 16" waist.
Congratulations to Langara Island Lodge guest Michael Kennedy, who caught and released this incredible 77-pound Chinook salmon, with an assist from guide Darrell 'Scurv' Ross.
This salmon is a new lodge record at Langara Island Lodge, and just 1 pound short of the overall record for salmon fishing at Langara Island: a 78-pound Chinook salmon caught way back in 1989 at Langara Fishing Lodge.
This fish was caught on the afternoon of July 24, 2013, in Friendly Cove (east of Bruin Bay on the Graham Island shoreline), just south of Langara Island, Haida Gwaii.
The salmon was quickly measured at 49" in length and 35.5" in girth, and then successfully released. Using the standard accepted formula of weight estimation for salmon, the weight of this fish is estimated to be 77.19 pounds!
Visit www.langara.com for more information, or follow us on Twitter: www.twitter.com/langarafishing
Photo courtesy of Langara guest Michael Kennedy.
Snow-covered hills and fields near Kirby-in-Cleveland, North Yorkshire. There was about 25cm of snow by our estimation. More on the way! SOOC
Michael Bublé: Sydney, Australia Loves You Like Crazy
I'd been waiting for this night for what must be almost a decade. Finally, my night...our Crazy Love night. Michael teased me this past Thursday at the presser conducted at the Overseas Passenger Terminal. I could tell then that his concerts in Australia were going to be very special, and tonight - the evening of Valentines Day, I can confirm that they are.
Even though Sydney's Acer Arena holds over 20,000, Michael's gift helps make the audience feel they are getting treated to an intimate experience. Well, he certainly set the scene and warmed me up beautifully for my intimate experience later into the night. On that vein however, I can tell you that his 'Crazy Love' CD does help set the mood.
By my estimation, the jazz sensation is certainly worth $149 plus. Like the greats, you have to experience a live concert to truly appreciate the musical genius.
The multi-talented performer is now close to two million album sales in Australia, with 25 million achieved on a global scale. Yes, us Aussies are raving fans. This tour was Michael's eighth trip to Australia, so the love affair is most definitely a two way street.
My personal favorite number is 'Haven't Met You Yet' which is already five times platinum in Australia.
His songs inspire love, warmth and affection, which was perfect timing for me, having rekindled my relationship with my special man.
Some of Michael's interpretations of other artists that really did it for me on this Valentines evening were Sway, Kissing A Fool, How Can You Mend A Broken Heart?, and Heartache Tonight.
The warmth and love vibrated via Michael was experienced by young and old, and I witnessed a young fan who must have only been about 10 years old present Michael with a gift early into the concert performances, and he magically incorporated this into the show, making all of us feel that we received the present too.
He shared his thoughts on love with "My songs have always been about love. Mine and everyone else's. But this time it was a little more extreme, and I dug deeper - way deeper."
I had read earlier in the week that Michael said "I just love getting in front of people. It's so important to be in touch with your audience. They've paid their money, I want them to be entertained. If they want to cry or laugh or dance or sing or yell, they can do whatever they want. My responsibility is just to take them away." Oh yes, you took me away.
Michael, from my heart thank you for helping add some 'Crazy Love' intimacy to my partners and own evening and life. I would also like to publicly thank Buble's publicity team, Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Live Guide, for helping make me one of the blessed and fortunate few photographers in Sydney to capture your gift close up. My love now has more focus, and its thanks to you. Let the passion, talent and performer bring out the performance in you, and if your single, that's ok too.
Michael Bublé: Sydney, Australia Loves You Like Crazy
I'd been waiting for this night for what must be almost a decade. Finally, my night...our Crazy Love night. Michael teased me this past Thursday at the presser conducted at the Overseas Passenger Terminal. I could tell then that his concerts in Australia were going to be very special, and tonight - the evening of Valentines Day, I can confirm that they are.
Even though Sydney's Acer Arena holds over 20,000, Michael's gift helps make the audience feel they are getting treated to an intimate experience. Well, he certainly set the scene and warmed me up beautifully for my intimate experience later into the night. On that vein however, I can tell you that his 'Crazy Love' CD does help set the mood.
By my estimation, the jazz sensation is certainly worth $149 plus. Like the greats, you have to experience a live concert to truly appreciate the musical genius.
The multi-talented performer is now close to two million album sales in Australia, with 25 million achieved on a global scale. Yes, us Aussies are raving fans. This tour was Michael's eighth trip to Australia, so the love affair is most definitely a two way street.
My personal favorite number is 'Haven't Met You Yet' which is already five times platinum in Australia.
His songs inspire love, warmth and affection, which was perfect timing for me, having rekindled my relationship with my special man.
Some of Michael's interpretations of other artists that really did it for me on this Valentines evening were Sway, Kissing A Fool, How Can You Mend A Broken Heart?, and Heartache Tonight.
The warmth and love vibrated via Michael was experienced by young and old, and I witnessed a young fan who must have only been about 10 years old present Michael with a gift early into the concert performances, and he magically incorporated this into the show, making all of us feel that we received the present too.
He shared his thoughts on love with "My songs have always been about love. Mine and everyone else's. But this time it was a little more extreme, and I dug deeper - way deeper."
I had read earlier in the week that Michael said "I just love getting in front of people. It's so important to be in touch with your audience. They've paid their money, I want them to be entertained. If they want to cry or laugh or dance or sing or yell, they can do whatever they want. My responsibility is just to take them away." Oh yes, you took me away.
Michael, from my heart thank you for helping add some 'Crazy Love' intimacy to my partners and own evening and life. I would also like to publicly thank Buble's publicity team, Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Live Guide, for helping make me one of the blessed and fortunate few photographers in Sydney to capture your gift close up. My love now has more focus, and its thanks to you. Let the passion, talent and performer bring out the performance in you, and if your single, that's ok too.
Baroque church
In 1676, when the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Trinity was solemnly introduced to St. Peter's, it soon attained a high membership. A large part of the members were among the richest and most respected citizens of Vienna. The nobility was also represented to the highest tops. The Brotherhood therefore had the means to do so, and in 1700, it decided to demolish the old church and build a new building whose shape was to commemorate St. Peter's in Rome. One year earlier, in the plague year of 1679, Leopold I vowed to build a new building dedicated to the Holy Trinity in place of the dilapidated church. Builder Jankel was requested to make an estimation of the costs. He received 50 guilders for the building survey drawn by him.
According to the technical guide through Vienna (Ing. Martin Paul) the builders are indicated in the inscriptions in the dome knob: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl and Christian Oettl. However, the bibliographical references are widely differing. According to the manual of the German art monuments of Georg Dehio, the construction was started according to the plan of Gabriele Montani 1702, continued from this until 1703, then, probably completed by Johann Lukas Hildebrandt after modified plan 1708 in the shell and consecrated on October 25, 1708. 1708-1715 was followed by the interior fittings, 1713-1717 the dome space was completed in its current picturesque and sculptural design, but only 1730-1733 built the main choir. Cardinal Kollonitsch consecrated St. Peter's Church in 1733. The tomb of Wolfgang Lazius, who had been buried in the old Peterskirche in 1565, was transferred to the new St. Peter's church. The Petersfreithof (cemetery) still surrounded the church, it was only abandoned under Joseph II. In 1844, the façade was restored, and the many sales offices added to the church disappeared after the abolishemnt of the cemetery.
The history of St. Peter in Baroque period
When the old church was removed in 1701, it was decided to find the foundation stone of the first church, which contained "an old parable of Pope Leo III", the friend and contemporary of Charlemagne.
An old memorial book from the parish notes that the particle in 1749 still existed, but writes nothing about the nature of the same. The founders of the strange foundation stone claimed that it must have been laid in the year 800 and this conviction was maintained, so that afterwards the inscription of the cornerstone for the new church was written, which reads:
Petri prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis DOM uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit Lapidem in titulum cen age Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix. "
The German translation is approximately as follows:
"This church, which stood over nine centuries, founded on holy honors on the solid rock of Apostle Prince Paul, the key bearer of heaven, by Charlemagne in the year 800, after the Virgin gave birth, has resurrected gloriously in honor of the almighty God who is united in Trinity and St. Peter, as second Jacob the cornerstone has laid Leopold the Great as well as the Happy. "
This laying of the cornerstone was solemnly performed by Emperor Leopold I on June 30, 1702 (according to Harrer, Czeike names April 22, 1702).
Already at the time of the start of construction an accident was recorded:
On the occasion of a solemn procession on October 29, 1702, in which the emperor also participated with his court, as a result of the overburden, the planks laid over the foundations collapsed and about 50 persons, mostly court cavaliers and page boys, plunged into the depths.
The completion of the church progressed very slowly. Even during construction, the wood of the dome was damaged, so this had to be replaced in 1722 by a dome cover, for which Emperor Charles VI as the supreme patron and member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, supplied the copper. For years, the facade was missing and the towers had no ending.
On May 17, 1733, the church was finally consecrated by the Cardinal Count Sigismund Kollonitsch.
Appearance
The outer image of St. Peter's is dominated by the 56-meter high, massive dome, which in its configuration reminds of the dome of St. Peter. It is a two-storey facade of stocky effect, whose slopingly placed towers flank the concave central part and which is surmounted by the dome of the central building. The building itself glorifies the reign of Emperor Leopold I, whose motto is emblazoned in the interior above the choir arch. The charming, pavilion-like portal porch made of gray marble was built according to a design by Andrea Altomonte only 1751-1753. Figurative decoration made of lead by Franz Kohl, a pupil and assistant of Georg Raphael Donner, decorates it. Right at the top are the statues Faith, Hope and Love, as well as angelic figures bearing tiaras and keys, the insignia of papal sovereignty. On the gable window at the front and the vases on the side reliefs: depictions from the life of Peter. The main portal shows rich carving and beautiful fittings; an inscription commemorates the imperial plague vow.
In the niches below the two slopingly placed towers that flank the front of the church are the following sandstone figures: St. Peter and St. Simon, St. John the Evangelist (according to Paul Harrer St. Paul) and Judas Thaddeus. At the back of the choir (outside wall of the church) are stone sculptures of St. Peter and St. Michael, executed by Lorenz Matitelli around 1730.
On the eastern side wall of the church, opposite the exit of the Goldschmied alley, a marble relief is embedded in the stone wall, depicting the legendary setting up of the cross at this place by Charlemagne. Created by Rudolf Weyr, it was unveiled in 1906.
Barockkirche
Als die Bruderschaft der heiligsten Dreifaltigkeit 1676 feierlich in die Peterskirche eingeführt wurde, erreichte sie bald einen hohen Mitgliederstand. Ein großer Teil der Mitglieder zählte zu den reichsten und angesehensten Bürgern von Wien. Auch der Adel war bis in die höchsten Spitzen vertreten. Die Bruderschaft verfügte daher über die entsprechenden Mittel und so fasste sie im Jahr 1700 den Entschluss, die alte Kirche niederzureißen und einen Neubau aufzuführen, dessen Form an die Peterskirche zu Rom erinnern sollte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor, im Pestjahr 1679 gelobte Leopold I., anstelle der baufälligen Kirche einen der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit gewidmeten Neubau zu errichten. Man ließ von Baumeister Jankel einen Kosten-Überschlag machen. Für den von ihm gezeichneten Bauriss erhielt er 50 Gulden.
Nach dem technischen Führer durch Wien (Ing. Martin Paul) werden die Erbauer in den Inschriften im Kuppelknauf angegeben: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl und Christian Oettl. Die Literaturangaben gehen jedoch hierüber weit auseinander. Nach dem Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler von Georg Dehio wurde der Bau nach dem Plan von Gabriele Montani 1702 begonnen, von diesem bis 1703 weitergeführt, sodann, wahrscheinlich von Johann Lukas Hildebrandt nach verändertem Plan 1708 im Rohbau vollendet und am 25. Oktober 1708 geweiht. 1708-1715 folgte die Innenausstattung, 1713-1717 wurde der Kuppelraum in seiner gegenwärtigen malerischen und plastischen Ausgestaltung vollendet, jedoch erst 1730-1733 baute man den Hauptchor. 1733 weihte Kardinal Kollonitsch die Peterskirche. Das Grabmal des Wolfgang Lazius, der in der alten Peterskirche 1565 bestattet worden war, wurde in die neue Peterskirche übertragen. Nach wie vor umgab der Petersfreithof die Kirche; er wurde erst unter Joseph II. aufgelassen. 1844 restaurierte man die Fassade, wobei auch die vielen an die Kirche angebauten Verkaufsbuden verschwanden, die nach der Auflassung des Friedhofs entstanden waren.
Die Geschichte von St. Peter im Barock
Als man 1701 die alte Kirche abtrug, will man bei dieser Gelegenheit den Grundstein der ersten Kirche gefunden haben, der "eine alten Paritkel von Papst Leo III.“, dem Freunde und Zeitgenossen Karls des Großen, enthielt.
Ein altes Gedenkbuch aus der Pfarre bemerkt, dass der Partikel noch 1749 vorhanden war, schreibt aber nichts über die Art desselben. Die Auffinder des merkwürdigen Grundsteines behaupteten, dass er im Jahr 800 gelegt worden sein müsse und an dieser Überzeugung hielt man fest, sodass danach die Inschrift des Grundsteines für die neue Kirche verfasst wurde, welche lautet:
"Ecclesia quae IX ultra saecula steterat, fundata supra firmam Petram prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis D.O.M- uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit. Lapidem in titulum cen alter Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix.“
Die deutsche Übersetzung ist etwa wie folgt:
"Diese Kirche, die über neun Jahrhunderte stand, gegründet zu heiligen Ehren auf dem festen Felsen des Apostelfürsten Paulus, des Schlüsselträgers des Himmels, von Karl dem Großen Kaiser im Jahr 800, nachdem die Jungfrau gebar, ist dem allmächtigen Gott, der einig ist in der Dreiheit und dem heiligen Petrus zu Ehren prachtvoll wiedererstanden. Als zweiter Jakob hat den Grundstein gelegt Leopold der ebenso Große als Glückliche."
Diese Grundsteinlegung geschah in feierlicher Weise durch Kaiser Leopold I. am 30. Juni 1702 (laut Harrer; Czeike benennt den 22. April 1702).
Schon zur Zeit des Baubeginnes war ein Unfall zu verzeichnen:
Anlässlich einer feierlichen Prozession am 29. Oktober 1702, an der auch der Kaiser mit seinem Hofstaat teilnahm, stürzte infolge der Überlastung die über die Fundamente gelegten Bretter ein und etwa 50 Personen, meistens Hofkavaliere und Pagen stürzten in die Tiefe.
Die Vollendung der Kirche ging sehr langsam voran. Noch während des Baues wurde das Holz der Kuppel schadhaft, sodass dieses 1722 durch eine Kuppeldeckung ersetzt werden musste, wozu Kaiser Karl VI. als oberster Schutzherr und Mitglied der Bruderschaft der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit das Kupfer lieferte. Jahrelang fehlte die Fassade und die Türme hatten keinen Abschluss.
Am 17. Mai 1733 konnte die Kirche endlich durch den Kardinal Graf Sigismund Kollonitsch geweiht werden.
Äußeres
Das äußere Bild das die Peterskirche darbietet, wird beherrschend bestimmt durch die 56 Meter hohe, gewaltige Kuppel, die in ihrer Konfiguration an die Kuppel von St. Peter erinnert. Es handelt sich um eine zweigeschossige Fassade von gedrungener Wirkung, deren schräggestellte Türme den konkav einschwingenden Mittelteil flankieren und der von der Kuppel des Zentralbaus überragt wird. Der Bau selbst verherrlicht die Regierung des Kaisers Leopold I., dessen Wahlspruch im Innen über dem Chorbogen prangt. Der reizvolle, pavillonartige Portalvorbau aus grauem Marmor wurde nach einem Entwurfe von Andrea Altomonte erst 1751 bis 1753 errichtet. Figürlicher Schmuck aus Blei von Franz Kohl, einem Schüler und Gehilfen von Georg Raphael Donner, ziert ihn. Zu Oberst die Statuen Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe, sowie Engelfiguren, welche Tiara und Schlüssel, die Insignien der päpstlichen Souveränität, tragen. Am Giebelfenster an der Vorderseite und den Vasen an der Seite Reliefs: Darstellungen aus dem Leben Petri. Das Hauptportal zeigt reiches Schnitzwerk und schöne Beschläge; eine Inschrift erinnert an das kaiserliche Pestgelübde.
In den Nischen unterhalb der beiden schiefgestellten Türme, welche die Vorderseite der Kirche flankieren, stehen folgende Sandsteinfiguren: St. Petrus und St. Simon, Johannes Evangelist (laut Paul Harrer St. Paulus) und Judas Thaddäus. An der Rückseite des Chores (Außenwand der Kirche) befinden sich Steinplastiken vom heiligen Petrus und vom Heiligen Michael, die von Lorenz Matitelli um 1730 ausgeführt wurden.
An der östlichen Seitenwand des Gotteshauses, gegenüber dem Ausgang der Goldschmiedgasse ist in die Steinmauer ein Marmorrelief eingelassen, das die sagenhafte Kreuzerrichtung an dieser Stelle durch Karl den Großen vergegenwärtigt. Von Rudolf Weyr geschafften, wurde es 1906 enthüllt.
The gray box is the imaginary container for the curve. If the long side is one, the short side is five-sixteenths. The slope is 1:1 at one corner, 0 at the midpoint and -1:1 on the other corner. This is an estimation of the sine curve, suggested by Daniel Kwan, and is easier to fold than most curves.
This looks like a little boy and his sister, though the younger one might be a brother. it's always hard to tell with pre 1900's photos. There isn't ay information on the reverse of this photo but it was listed as being from the civil war era, though I think that estimation was probably made based on the clothing and the photo quality so it might be a little bit off.
For years, the Mountain Rescue Service in Bosnia and Herzegovina had to worry about mine-suspected areas when they were out doing their jobs. And firefighters and municipal services sometimes could not do their jobs because of risks from mines and unexploded ordinances.
Not knowing whether people are safe is still a looming threat in Bosnia and Herzegovina, even 25 years after the war. The mines left behind across the country continue to create an uncertainty in the daily lives of locals.
The first estimation of the country’s mine problem was 8.2% of the total country’s territory. Thanks so successful de-mining operations, the current size of hazardous area is down to 1.96%.
Identifying where the danger lies is the first step. Thanks to a European Union initiative, Bosnia and Herzegovina Mine Action Centre, with the assistance of the BiH Armed Forces, Norwegian People’s Aid, UNDP and EUFOR, successfully defined 8,525 suspected micro-locations and created a mobile application that allows citizens to be aware of and avoid the locations of mine suspected areas throughout the country.
Read more: undpeurasia.exposure.co/app-that-detects-mine-suspected-a...
Photo: UNDP Bosnia and Herzegovina / Vedran Kurteš
This is a fairly regular rant from me. I love seeing a girl in corsets, and don't get me wrong, a teeny weeny waist is a delight to behold, but not as important as the shape it imparts to her body. One estimation of the ideal waist size is (boobs + hips) / 4. A girl with bodacious curves and a 22" waist is more attractive to me than a stick insect with a 16" waist.
The 11 modules are all folded from the same Green/Yellow duo coloured papers. Having odd number of points, it is difficult to have a proper colour combination which is symmetrical. Only one fold for the angle is changed to accommodate 11 modules. I am happy that the estimation for the angle quite accurate. This variation #8 features a "Ray" motif in the centre of the star. The back of the assembled model is different from the front but common for all the variations. 7.5cm square Duo-coloured papers are used for folding the modules.
Aves grandes, espalhafatosas, barulhentas, coloridas e, sobretudo, belas, que se destacam entre as demais.
"A arara-de-barriga-amarela ou arara-canindé (Ara ararauna) é uma arara que ocorre da América Central ao Brasil, à Bolívia e Paraguai. Tal espécie chega a medir até 90 cm de comprimento, com partes superiores azuis e inferiores amarelas, alto da cabeça verde, fileiras de penas faciais e garganta negras. Também é conhecida pelos nomes de arara-amarela, arara-azul-e-amarela, araraí, araraúna, arara canindé e arari. As araras canindé na natureza se alimentam frutos e castanhas. Essas aves estão sempre em grupo e são aves barulhentas mas pousam silenciosamente. A arara canindé enfrenta vários problemas em relação a extinção, estão sendo ameaçadas principalmente pelo contrabando e pelo comércio ilegal de aves, também é um animal muito procurado como bicho-de-estimação pois é muito dócil, quieto (dependendo das condições do cativeiro) e possuem certa capacidade de fala, além de ser um animal muito belo. Uma vez que formam casal, não mais se separam e botam em cerca de 3 ovos e chocam entre 27 e 29 dias. Ordem: Psittaciformes." Fonte: Wikipédia.
Large birds, loud, noisy, colorful and, above all, beautiful, standing out among the others.
"The parrot-yellow-bellied or canindé macaw (Ara ararauna) is a parrot that occurs in Central America to Brazil, Bolivia and Paraguay. This species comes to measuring up to 90 cm long, with blue uppers and lower yellow, green top of the head, rows of black feathers face and neck. It is also known by the names of yellow macaw, macaw, blue and yellow plow, ararauna, canindé parrot and macaw. Canindé macaws in the wild they eat fruits and nuts. These birds are always in groups and are noisy but birds perch silently. The parrot canindé faces several problems in relation to extinction, are being threatened primarily by smuggling and the illegal trade in birds, is also much sought after as an animal creature-of-estimation because it is very docile, quiet (depending on the conditions of captivity) and have some ability to speak, besides being a very beautiful animal. Since forming a couple, no longer separate and lay about 3 eggs and hatch between 27 and 29 days. Order: Psittaciformes. "Source: Wikipedia.
Todos os Direitos Reservados / All Rights Reserved
Baroque church
In 1676, when the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Trinity was solemnly introduced to St. Peter's, it soon attained a high membership. A large part of the members were among the richest and most respected citizens of Vienna. The nobility was also represented to the highest tops. The Brotherhood therefore had the means to do so, and in 1700, it decided to demolish the old church and build a new building whose shape was to commemorate St. Peter's in Rome. One year earlier, in the plague year of 1679, Leopold I vowed to build a new building dedicated to the Holy Trinity in place of the dilapidated church. Builder Jankel was requested to make an estimation of the costs. He received 50 guilders for the building survey drawn by him.
According to the technical guide through Vienna (Ing. Martin Paul) the builders are indicated in the inscriptions in the dome knob: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl and Christian Oettl. However, the bibliographical references are widely differing. According to the manual of the German art monuments of Georg Dehio, the construction was started according to the plan of Gabriele Montani 1702, continued from this until 1703, then, probably completed by Johann Lukas Hildebrandt after modified plan 1708 in the shell and consecrated on October 25, 1708. 1708-1715 was followed by the interior fittings, 1713-1717 the dome space was completed in its current picturesque and sculptural design, but only 1730-1733 built the main choir. Cardinal Kollonitsch consecrated St. Peter's Church in 1733. The tomb of Wolfgang Lazius, who had been buried in the old Peterskirche in 1565, was transferred to the new St. Peter's church. The Petersfreithof (cemetery) still surrounded the church, it was only abandoned under Joseph II. In 1844, the façade was restored, and the many sales offices added to the church disappeared after the abolishemnt of the cemetery.
The history of St. Peter in Baroque period
When the old church was removed in 1701, it was decided to find the foundation stone of the first church, which contained "an old parable of Pope Leo III", the friend and contemporary of Charlemagne.
An old memorial book from the parish notes that the particle in 1749 still existed, but writes nothing about the nature of the same. The founders of the strange foundation stone claimed that it must have been laid in the year 800 and this conviction was maintained, so that afterwards the inscription of the cornerstone for the new church was written, which reads:
Petri prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis DOM uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit Lapidem in titulum cen age Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix. "
The German translation is approximately as follows:
"This church, which stood over nine centuries, founded on holy honors on the solid rock of Apostle Prince Paul, the key bearer of heaven, by Charlemagne in the year 800, after the Virgin gave birth, has resurrected gloriously in honor of the almighty God who is united in Trinity and St. Peter, as second Jacob the cornerstone has laid Leopold the Great as well as the Happy. "
This laying of the cornerstone was solemnly performed by Emperor Leopold I on June 30, 1702 (according to Harrer, Czeike names April 22, 1702).
Already at the time of the start of construction an accident was recorded:
On the occasion of a solemn procession on October 29, 1702, in which the emperor also participated with his court, as a result of the overburden, the planks laid over the foundations collapsed and about 50 persons, mostly court cavaliers and page boys, plunged into the depths.
The completion of the church progressed very slowly. Even during construction, the wood of the dome was damaged, so this had to be replaced in 1722 by a dome cover, for which Emperor Charles VI as the supreme patron and member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, supplied the copper. For years, the facade was missing and the towers had no ending.
On May 17, 1733, the church was finally consecrated by the Cardinal Count Sigismund Kollonitsch.
Appearance
The outer image of St. Peter's is dominated by the 56-meter high, massive dome, which in its configuration reminds of the dome of St. Peter. It is a two-storey facade of stocky effect, whose slopingly placed towers flank the concave central part and which is surmounted by the dome of the central building. The building itself glorifies the reign of Emperor Leopold I, whose motto is emblazoned in the interior above the choir arch. The charming, pavilion-like portal porch made of gray marble was built according to a design by Andrea Altomonte only 1751-1753. Figurative decoration made of lead by Franz Kohl, a pupil and assistant of Georg Raphael Donner, decorates it. Right at the top are the statues Faith, Hope and Love, as well as angelic figures bearing tiaras and keys, the insignia of papal sovereignty. On the gable window at the front and the vases on the side reliefs: depictions from the life of Peter. The main portal shows rich carving and beautiful fittings; an inscription commemorates the imperial plague vow.
In the niches below the two slopingly placed towers that flank the front of the church are the following sandstone figures: St. Peter and St. Simon, St. John the Evangelist (according to Paul Harrer St. Paul) and Judas Thaddeus. At the back of the choir (outside wall of the church) are stone sculptures of St. Peter and St. Michael, executed by Lorenz Matitelli around 1730.
On the eastern side wall of the church, opposite the exit of the Goldschmied alley, a marble relief is embedded in the stone wall, depicting the legendary setting up of the cross at this place by Charlemagne. Created by Rudolf Weyr, it was unveiled in 1906.
Barockkirche
Als die Bruderschaft der heiligsten Dreifaltigkeit 1676 feierlich in die Peterskirche eingeführt wurde, erreichte sie bald einen hohen Mitgliederstand. Ein großer Teil der Mitglieder zählte zu den reichsten und angesehensten Bürgern von Wien. Auch der Adel war bis in die höchsten Spitzen vertreten. Die Bruderschaft verfügte daher über die entsprechenden Mittel und so fasste sie im Jahr 1700 den Entschluss, die alte Kirche niederzureißen und einen Neubau aufzuführen, dessen Form an die Peterskirche zu Rom erinnern sollte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor, im Pestjahr 1679 gelobte Leopold I., anstelle der baufälligen Kirche einen der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit gewidmeten Neubau zu errichten. Man ließ von Baumeister Jankel einen Kosten-Überschlag machen. Für den von ihm gezeichneten Bauriss erhielt er 50 Gulden.
Nach dem technischen Führer durch Wien (Ing. Martin Paul) werden die Erbauer in den Inschriften im Kuppelknauf angegeben: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl und Christian Oettl. Die Literaturangaben gehen jedoch hierüber weit auseinander. Nach dem Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler von Georg Dehio wurde der Bau nach dem Plan von Gabriele Montani 1702 begonnen, von diesem bis 1703 weitergeführt, sodann, wahrscheinlich von Johann Lukas Hildebrandt nach verändertem Plan 1708 im Rohbau vollendet und am 25. Oktober 1708 geweiht. 1708-1715 folgte die Innenausstattung, 1713-1717 wurde der Kuppelraum in seiner gegenwärtigen malerischen und plastischen Ausgestaltung vollendet, jedoch erst 1730-1733 baute man den Hauptchor. 1733 weihte Kardinal Kollonitsch die Peterskirche. Das Grabmal des Wolfgang Lazius, der in der alten Peterskirche 1565 bestattet worden war, wurde in die neue Peterskirche übertragen. Nach wie vor umgab der Petersfreithof die Kirche; er wurde erst unter Joseph II. aufgelassen. 1844 restaurierte man die Fassade, wobei auch die vielen an die Kirche angebauten Verkaufsbuden verschwanden, die nach der Auflassung des Friedhofs entstanden waren.
Die Geschichte von St. Peter im Barock
Als man 1701 die alte Kirche abtrug, will man bei dieser Gelegenheit den Grundstein der ersten Kirche gefunden haben, der "eine alten Paritkel von Papst Leo III.“, dem Freunde und Zeitgenossen Karls des Großen, enthielt.
Ein altes Gedenkbuch aus der Pfarre bemerkt, dass der Partikel noch 1749 vorhanden war, schreibt aber nichts über die Art desselben. Die Auffinder des merkwürdigen Grundsteines behaupteten, dass er im Jahr 800 gelegt worden sein müsse und an dieser Überzeugung hielt man fest, sodass danach die Inschrift des Grundsteines für die neue Kirche verfasst wurde, welche lautet:
"Ecclesia quae IX ultra saecula steterat, fundata supra firmam Petram prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis D.O.M- uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit. Lapidem in titulum cen alter Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix.“
Die deutsche Übersetzung ist etwa wie folgt:
"Diese Kirche, die über neun Jahrhunderte stand, gegründet zu heiligen Ehren auf dem festen Felsen des Apostelfürsten Paulus, des Schlüsselträgers des Himmels, von Karl dem Großen Kaiser im Jahr 800, nachdem die Jungfrau gebar, ist dem allmächtigen Gott, der einig ist in der Dreiheit und dem heiligen Petrus zu Ehren prachtvoll wiedererstanden. Als zweiter Jakob hat den Grundstein gelegt Leopold der ebenso Große als Glückliche."
Diese Grundsteinlegung geschah in feierlicher Weise durch Kaiser Leopold I. am 30. Juni 1702 (laut Harrer; Czeike benennt den 22. April 1702).
Schon zur Zeit des Baubeginnes war ein Unfall zu verzeichnen:
Anlässlich einer feierlichen Prozession am 29. Oktober 1702, an der auch der Kaiser mit seinem Hofstaat teilnahm, stürzte infolge der Überlastung die über die Fundamente gelegten Bretter ein und etwa 50 Personen, meistens Hofkavaliere und Pagen stürzten in die Tiefe.
Die Vollendung der Kirche ging sehr langsam voran. Noch während des Baues wurde das Holz der Kuppel schadhaft, sodass dieses 1722 durch eine Kuppeldeckung ersetzt werden musste, wozu Kaiser Karl VI. als oberster Schutzherr und Mitglied der Bruderschaft der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit das Kupfer lieferte. Jahrelang fehlte die Fassade und die Türme hatten keinen Abschluss.
Am 17. Mai 1733 konnte die Kirche endlich durch den Kardinal Graf Sigismund Kollonitsch geweiht werden.
Äußeres
Das äußere Bild das die Peterskirche darbietet, wird beherrschend bestimmt durch die 56 Meter hohe, gewaltige Kuppel, die in ihrer Konfiguration an die Kuppel von St. Peter erinnert. Es handelt sich um eine zweigeschossige Fassade von gedrungener Wirkung, deren schräggestellte Türme den konkav einschwingenden Mittelteil flankieren und der von der Kuppel des Zentralbaus überragt wird. Der Bau selbst verherrlicht die Regierung des Kaisers Leopold I., dessen Wahlspruch im Innen über dem Chorbogen prangt. Der reizvolle, pavillonartige Portalvorbau aus grauem Marmor wurde nach einem Entwurfe von Andrea Altomonte erst 1751 bis 1753 errichtet. Figürlicher Schmuck aus Blei von Franz Kohl, einem Schüler und Gehilfen von Georg Raphael Donner, ziert ihn. Zu Oberst die Statuen Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe, sowie Engelfiguren, welche Tiara und Schlüssel, die Insignien der päpstlichen Souveränität, tragen. Am Giebelfenster an der Vorderseite und den Vasen an der Seite Reliefs: Darstellungen aus dem Leben Petri. Das Hauptportal zeigt reiches Schnitzwerk und schöne Beschläge; eine Inschrift erinnert an das kaiserliche Pestgelübde.
In den Nischen unterhalb der beiden schiefgestellten Türme, welche die Vorderseite der Kirche flankieren, stehen folgende Sandsteinfiguren: St. Petrus und St. Simon, Johannes Evangelist (laut Paul Harrer St. Paulus) und Judas Thaddäus. An der Rückseite des Chores (Außenwand der Kirche) befinden sich Steinplastiken vom heiligen Petrus und vom Heiligen Michael, die von Lorenz Matitelli um 1730 ausgeführt wurden.
An der östlichen Seitenwand des Gotteshauses, gegenüber dem Ausgang der Goldschmiedgasse ist in die Steinmauer ein Marmorrelief eingelassen, das die sagenhafte Kreuzerrichtung an dieser Stelle durch Karl den Großen vergegenwärtigt. Von Rudolf Weyr geschafften, wurde es 1906 enthüllt.
Nangklao (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851. He succeeded his father, Rama II, as the King of Siam. His succession was unusual according to the traditions because Nangklao was a son of a concubine rather than that of a queen. His accession was perceived by foreign observers as having usurped the prior claim of Prince Mongkut, who was a legitimate son of Rama II born to a queen, Srisuriyendra. Under the old concept of Thai monarchy, however, a proper king must emulate Maha Sammata in that he must be "elected by the people." Ironically, Prince Mongkut may have later contributed to this misconception, when he feared that his own accession might be perceived by foreign observers as a usurpation.
During Nangklao's reign, the military hegemony of Siam was established by putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828, in what would come to be called Isan), the Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34), and the Siamese-Vietnamese War fought in Cambodia (1841–45).
EARLY LIFE
King Nangklao was born as Prince Thap (Thai: ทับ) in 1788 to Prince Isarasundhorn and one of his royal wives Chao Chom Manda Riam, who came from a Muslim noble family from the south. Following Isarasundhorn's coronation (posthumously known as Phutthaloetla Naphalai, or Rama II) in 1809, Prince Kshatriyanuchit (Mom Men), the surviving son of Taksin, revolted as pretender to the throne. Prince Thap was assigned to suppress the rebellion, which he did. Praised by his father for his competence, Prince Thap was given the Sanskrit-derived title Chetsadabodin, raised to the bureaucratic rank of Kromma Muen, and served his father as Kromma Tha (minister of trade and foreign affairs.) As Kromma Tha, he developed proficiency in foreign trade, and developed an affection for Chinese goods and culture. Temples he later had constructed were characterized by Chinese influence. After a private audience in 1822, Crawfurd wrote of the Prince Krom-chiat that, "he seemed certainly to maintain the character assigned to him in public estimation, of being the most intelligent of all the princes and chiefs of the Siamese Court." The Portuguese Consul stated that the Prince had offered him a large sum of money, if he would translate from the French into the Portuguese language a history of the wars of Napoleon, for the purpose of being rendered into Siamese through the Christian interpreters.
SUCCESSION
As the prince administered trade affairs, his half-brother Prince Mongkut pursued the way of religion, becoming a monk in 1824. In that year, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died suddenly without having named a successor to vice king Maha Senanurak, who had died 16 July 1817. According to the traditions of royal succession, the vice king or uparaja was heir presumptive. If there were none, then an ad hoc senabodi consisting of senior officials present at the death of a king, would elect a successor.[5] Foreign observers accustomed to the concept of an heir apparent expected Prince Mongkut, as the a son of the queen, to ascend to the throne. However, the assembled Senabodi considered Prince Chetsadabodin a more competent choice as he had served the king in Kromma Tha for years. Support came strongly from high-ranking nobility, including Chao Phraya Abhay Pudhorn, the Samuha Nayok, and Dis Bunnag then Minister of Kromma Tha, and other Bunnag family members.
Chetsadabodin accepted the throne and was crowned in 1824. He raised his mother, Riam, to Princess Mother Sri Suralai. He appointed his uncle, Sakdiphonlasep, vice king on 21 July 1824 – who predeceased the king 1 May 1832, leading to yet another succession crisis. He did not name his reign, but was posthumously awarded the name Nangklao by Mongkut, who had in the interim remained in ecclesiastic status to avoid the intrigues of royal politics.
WESTERN CONTACTS
The reign of Nangklao (as he was posthumously known) saw the renewal of Western contacts. In 1822, British East India Company agent John Crawfurd's mission to Siam laid the groundwork for a British request for Siamese support in the First Anglo-Burmese War, which broke out in 1824. Nangklao provided fleets and elephants to rush through Burmese forests. He also sent Siamese armies to participate in the invasion of Burma since the British promised Siam the conquered lands. Phraya Chumporn ordered the forced migration of Mergui (a common practice in Southeast Asia regarding the newly-conquered lands), which had been conquered by the British. The British were frustrated at Phraya Chumporn's actions, and hostilities were heightened. Nangklao ordered the Siamese armies to leave to avoid further conflict.
In 1825, Henry Burney arrived to negotiate peace agreements. The Burney Treaty was the first treaty with the West in the Rattanakosin period. Its purpose was to established free trade in Siam and to greatly reduce taxation on foreign trading ships. That it accomplished the objectives is disputed.
In 1833, US President Andrew Jackson's "special agent" and envoy Edmund Roberts, referring often to Crawfurd's account,[6]:pp198ff concluded the Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed at the Royal City of Sia-Yut'hia (Bangkok) on 20 March, the last of the fourth month of the year 1194 Chula Sakarat. This treaty, with later modifications, is still in force. Dan Beach Bradley, an American physician and prominent Western personality of the time, introduced printing and vaccination.
ANOUVONG INSURGENCY
The three Laotian kingdoms (Lan Xang in Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak) became Siamese tributary states after Chao Phraya Maha Kshatriyaseuk (King Rama I, Nangklao's grandfather) had conquered them in 1778. Anouvong, the son of the king of Vientiene, was taken to Bangkok as a captive. He spent nearly thirty years in Siam and joined the Siamese forces in wars with Burma. In 1805, Anouvong returned to Vientiane to be crowned as the king.
In 1824, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died and, in the following year, Siam was dragged into conflicts with the British Empire. Anouvong saw this as an opportunity to wield his power. In 1825, returning from the funeral of Phutthaloetla Naphalai in Bangkok, Anouvong assembled a large force and went on the offensive. After defeating Bangkok-vassal principalities along the way, Anouvong captured Korat, the main defensive stronghold of Siam in the northeast. He forced the city to be evacuated while marching to Saraburi, on approach to the capital, Bangkok. However, the Korat captives rebelled—said to have been at the instigation of Lady Mo, wife of a ruling noble of Korat—although this claim is countered by many historians who say Mo had no heroic role in the events at Tung Samrit, though a contemporary account did mention her action. As Bangkok gathered counterattacking troops, Anouvong withdrew to return to Vientiane.
Nangklao sent his uncle Maha Sakdi Polsep the Front Palace and Sing Singhaseni (at the time styled Phraya Ratchasuphawadi) to defeat the armies of Anouvong in Isan. Anouvong was defeated and fled to Vietnam. The Siamese captured Vientiane and ordered the evacuation of the city.
In 1827, Nangklao ordered the total destruction of Vientiane. Anouvong returned to Laos with Vietnamese forces. Ratchasuphawadi led the Siamese to fight and the engagements occurred at Nong Khai. Anouvong was defeated again and, after an attempt to flee, was captured. Vientiane was razed, extinguishing her 200 year reign, and ceased to be a kingdom. Anouvong was imprisoned in an iron cage in front of the Suthaisawan Hall and died in 1829.
VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA
In 1810, internal conflicts between Cambodian princes forced Ang Im and Ang Duong to flee to Bangkok. Otteyraja of Cambodia turned to Gia Long of Vietnam for support against the opposing princes. However, this was perceived by Siam as treacherous as the two countries had fought for centuries for control of Cambodia.
In 1833, the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Minh Mạng broke out in Vietnam. Lê Văn Khôi, the rebel leader, sought Siamese aid. Nangklao intended to take this opportunity to install a pro-Siamese monarch on the Cambodian throne.
Phraya Ratchasuphawadi, who had been promoted to Chao Phraya Bodindecha, was ordered to capture Saigon. Dis Bunnag, the Minister of Kromma Tha, commanded a fleet to rendezvous with ground forces at Saigon. The two Cambodian princes, Ang Im and Ang Duong, also joined the expedition. Bodindecha took Udongk and the fleet took Bantey Mas. The fleet proceeded to Saigon but was repelled.
Bodindecha then took Phnom Penh and again invaded Vietnam by land in 1842. In 1845, the Vietnamese recaptured Phnom Penh, but Bodindecha was able to defend Udongk. In 1847, prompted by Emperor Thiệu Trị's treatment of Christian missionaries, French forces invaded Vietnam. A cessation of hostilities with Siam was negotiated. Ang Duong was installed as the Cambodian monarch under the equal patronage of both Siam and Vietnam, thus ending the war.
REVOLT OF KEDAH
In 1837, Krom Somdet Phra Sri Suralai, mother of Nangklao, died. All officials throughout the kingdom went to Bangkok to attend the funeral. At Syburi (Kedah of Malaysia now), without the presence of Siamese governors, a nephew of the Sultan of Kedah then staged a revolt. Nangklao then sent Tat Bunnag down south to subjugate the rebellion quickly in 1838. Tat then suggested an autonomous government for Kedah Sultanate. In 1839, Kedah was divided into four autonomous parts.
RELIGIOUS DEVOTION
Nangklao was famous for his Buddhist faith. He fed the poor each day after becoming prince, and released animals every monastery day. More than 50 temples were built and repaired in his reign, including the first Chinese style temple at Rajorasa, the highest stupa at Wat Arun, the Golden Mountain at Wat Sraket, the metal temple at Wat Ratchanadda, and Chetupol Temple or Wat Pho. Wat Pho is the site of the first university in Thailand.
DEATH AND LEGACY
Nangklao died on 2 April 1851 without having named a successor. He had 51 children including sons, but had raised none of his consorts to queen. The throne passed to his half-brother, Prince Mongkut.
Nangklao stated on his deathbed that "Our wars with Burma and Vietnam were over, only the threats of the Westerners was left to us. We should study their innovations for our own benefits but not to the degree of obsession or worship." This vision coincided with Western intervention in Siam in the reign of Mongkut. He was able to predict, but not live to see the neighboring kingdoms of Burma and Vietnam fall to European colonial rule.
During his reign, trade between Siam and China became lucrative. The king kept his profits in red purses beside his bed, subsequently this money was known as "red purse money". Nangklao stipulated that the red purse money that he had earned through his business acumen should be set aside as the state's emergency fund for the future "so that Siam would be able to buy the land back" if it fell into a squabble with a foreign power. In the reign of his nephew Chulalongkorn, Siam indeed had to pay reparations to France for the 1893 Paknam incident during the Franco–Siamese War), and funding in part came from Nangklao's red purse money.
IN MEMORIAM
Thai baht 15th Series banknotes issued to draw attention to deeds of Chakri Dynasty monarchs in agriculture, science, religion and finance, depicted King Rama III on the reverse of the 500 baht banknote issued 3 August 2001, with a partial quotation of his deathbed statement below a Chinese sailing ship.
A statue of Rama III was dedicated in the front of Wat Ratchanatdaram.
Phra Nang Klao Hospital is a hospital in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name
Phra Nang Klao Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name, with the Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station.
Maha Chesadabodindranusorn Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his title.
WIKIPEDIA
©AVucha 2015
No injuries were reported after a fire partially destroyed a Spring Grove home Sunday afternoon. The Spring Grove Fire Protection District was dispatched to 6316 Johnsburg Rd. at around 2:24pm for the report of smoke and flames coming from the barn style residence. According to officials, the homeowner had possibly fallen asleep while heating up cooking oil in his tool room. The neighbor was able to gain access to the residence and alerted all 3 occupants of the fire. By the time fire crews arrived the fire had spread throughout the first floor and caused extensive smoke damage to the entire residence. Chief Richard Tobiasz said the fire was under control within an hour leaving initial damage estimations around $100,000. Due to the lack of hydrants in the area, more than a dozen fire departments from Lake and McHenry counties, including Wisconsin responded to the scene. All the occupants made it out safely prior to the fire departments arrival.
This photograph is being made available only for personal use printing by the subject(s) of the photograph. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way and may not be used in commercial material, advertisements, emails, products, promotions without the expressed consent of Alex Vucha.
Nangklao (Thai: พระบาทสมเด็จพระนั่งเกล้าเจ้าอยู่หัว) or Rama III (31 March 1788 – 2 April 1851) was the third monarch of Siam under the House of Chakri, ruling from 21 July 1824 to 2 April 1851. He succeeded his father, Rama II, as the King of Siam. His succession was unusual according to the traditions because Nangklao was a son of a concubine rather than that of a queen. His accession was perceived by foreign observers as having usurped the prior claim of Prince Mongkut, who was a legitimate son of Rama II born to a queen, Srisuriyendra. Under the old concept of Thai monarchy, however, a proper king must emulate Maha Sammata in that he must be "elected by the people." Ironically, Prince Mongkut may have later contributed to this misconception, when he feared that his own accession might be perceived by foreign observers as a usurpation.
During Nangklao's reign, the military hegemony of Siam was established by putting down the Laotian Rebellion (1826–1828, in what would come to be called Isan), the Siamese–Vietnamese War (1831–34), and the Siamese-Vietnamese War fought in Cambodia (1841–45).
EARLY LIFE
King Nangklao was born as Prince Thap (Thai: ทับ) in 1788 to Prince Isarasundhorn and one of his royal wives Chao Chom Manda Riam, who came from a Muslim noble family from the south. Following Isarasundhorn's coronation (posthumously known as Phutthaloetla Naphalai, or Rama II) in 1809, Prince Kshatriyanuchit (Mom Men), the surviving son of Taksin, revolted as pretender to the throne. Prince Thap was assigned to suppress the rebellion, which he did. Praised by his father for his competence, Prince Thap was given the Sanskrit-derived title Chetsadabodin, raised to the bureaucratic rank of Kromma Muen, and served his father as Kromma Tha (minister of trade and foreign affairs.) As Kromma Tha, he developed proficiency in foreign trade, and developed an affection for Chinese goods and culture. Temples he later had constructed were characterized by Chinese influence. After a private audience in 1822, Crawfurd wrote of the Prince Krom-chiat that, "he seemed certainly to maintain the character assigned to him in public estimation, of being the most intelligent of all the princes and chiefs of the Siamese Court." The Portuguese Consul stated that the Prince had offered him a large sum of money, if he would translate from the French into the Portuguese language a history of the wars of Napoleon, for the purpose of being rendered into Siamese through the Christian interpreters.
SUCCESSION
As the prince administered trade affairs, his half-brother Prince Mongkut pursued the way of religion, becoming a monk in 1824. In that year, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died suddenly without having named a successor to vice king Maha Senanurak, who had died 16 July 1817. According to the traditions of royal succession, the vice king or uparaja was heir presumptive. If there were none, then an ad hoc senabodi consisting of senior officials present at the death of a king, would elect a successor.[5] Foreign observers accustomed to the concept of an heir apparent expected Prince Mongkut, as the a son of the queen, to ascend to the throne. However, the assembled Senabodi considered Prince Chetsadabodin a more competent choice as he had served the king in Kromma Tha for years. Support came strongly from high-ranking nobility, including Chao Phraya Abhay Pudhorn, the Samuha Nayok, and Dis Bunnag then Minister of Kromma Tha, and other Bunnag family members.
Chetsadabodin accepted the throne and was crowned in 1824. He raised his mother, Riam, to Princess Mother Sri Suralai. He appointed his uncle, Sakdiphonlasep, vice king on 21 July 1824 – who predeceased the king 1 May 1832, leading to yet another succession crisis. He did not name his reign, but was posthumously awarded the name Nangklao by Mongkut, who had in the interim remained in ecclesiastic status to avoid the intrigues of royal politics.
WESTERN CONTACTS
The reign of Nangklao (as he was posthumously known) saw the renewal of Western contacts. In 1822, British East India Company agent John Crawfurd's mission to Siam laid the groundwork for a British request for Siamese support in the First Anglo-Burmese War, which broke out in 1824. Nangklao provided fleets and elephants to rush through Burmese forests. He also sent Siamese armies to participate in the invasion of Burma since the British promised Siam the conquered lands. Phraya Chumporn ordered the forced migration of Mergui (a common practice in Southeast Asia regarding the newly-conquered lands), which had been conquered by the British. The British were frustrated at Phraya Chumporn's actions, and hostilities were heightened. Nangklao ordered the Siamese armies to leave to avoid further conflict.
In 1825, Henry Burney arrived to negotiate peace agreements. The Burney Treaty was the first treaty with the West in the Rattanakosin period. Its purpose was to established free trade in Siam and to greatly reduce taxation on foreign trading ships. That it accomplished the objectives is disputed.
In 1833, US President Andrew Jackson's "special agent" and envoy Edmund Roberts, referring often to Crawfurd's account,[6]:pp198ff concluded the Siamese–American Treaty of Amity and Commerce, signed at the Royal City of Sia-Yut'hia (Bangkok) on 20 March, the last of the fourth month of the year 1194 Chula Sakarat. This treaty, with later modifications, is still in force. Dan Beach Bradley, an American physician and prominent Western personality of the time, introduced printing and vaccination.
ANOUVONG INSURGENCY
The three Laotian kingdoms (Lan Xang in Vientiane, Luang Prabang, and Champasak) became Siamese tributary states after Chao Phraya Maha Kshatriyaseuk (King Rama I, Nangklao's grandfather) had conquered them in 1778. Anouvong, the son of the king of Vientiene, was taken to Bangkok as a captive. He spent nearly thirty years in Siam and joined the Siamese forces in wars with Burma. In 1805, Anouvong returned to Vientiane to be crowned as the king.
In 1824, Phutthaloetla Naphalai died and, in the following year, Siam was dragged into conflicts with the British Empire. Anouvong saw this as an opportunity to wield his power. In 1825, returning from the funeral of Phutthaloetla Naphalai in Bangkok, Anouvong assembled a large force and went on the offensive. After defeating Bangkok-vassal principalities along the way, Anouvong captured Korat, the main defensive stronghold of Siam in the northeast. He forced the city to be evacuated while marching to Saraburi, on approach to the capital, Bangkok. However, the Korat captives rebelled—said to have been at the instigation of Lady Mo, wife of a ruling noble of Korat—although this claim is countered by many historians who say Mo had no heroic role in the events at Tung Samrit, though a contemporary account did mention her action. As Bangkok gathered counterattacking troops, Anouvong withdrew to return to Vientiane.
Nangklao sent his uncle Maha Sakdi Polsep the Front Palace and Sing Singhaseni (at the time styled Phraya Ratchasuphawadi) to defeat the armies of Anouvong in Isan. Anouvong was defeated and fled to Vietnam. The Siamese captured Vientiane and ordered the evacuation of the city.
In 1827, Nangklao ordered the total destruction of Vientiane. Anouvong returned to Laos with Vietnamese forces. Ratchasuphawadi led the Siamese to fight and the engagements occurred at Nong Khai. Anouvong was defeated again and, after an attempt to flee, was captured. Vientiane was razed, extinguishing her 200 year reign, and ceased to be a kingdom. Anouvong was imprisoned in an iron cage in front of the Suthaisawan Hall and died in 1829.
VIETNAM AND CAMBODIA
In 1810, internal conflicts between Cambodian princes forced Ang Im and Ang Duong to flee to Bangkok. Otteyraja of Cambodia turned to Gia Long of Vietnam for support against the opposing princes. However, this was perceived by Siam as treacherous as the two countries had fought for centuries for control of Cambodia.
In 1833, the Lê Văn Khôi revolt against Minh Mạng broke out in Vietnam. Lê Văn Khôi, the rebel leader, sought Siamese aid. Nangklao intended to take this opportunity to install a pro-Siamese monarch on the Cambodian throne.
Phraya Ratchasuphawadi, who had been promoted to Chao Phraya Bodindecha, was ordered to capture Saigon. Dis Bunnag, the Minister of Kromma Tha, commanded a fleet to rendezvous with ground forces at Saigon. The two Cambodian princes, Ang Im and Ang Duong, also joined the expedition. Bodindecha took Udongk and the fleet took Bantey Mas. The fleet proceeded to Saigon but was repelled.
Bodindecha then took Phnom Penh and again invaded Vietnam by land in 1842. In 1845, the Vietnamese recaptured Phnom Penh, but Bodindecha was able to defend Udongk. In 1847, prompted by Emperor Thiệu Trị's treatment of Christian missionaries, French forces invaded Vietnam. A cessation of hostilities with Siam was negotiated. Ang Duong was installed as the Cambodian monarch under the equal patronage of both Siam and Vietnam, thus ending the war.
REVOLT OF KEDAH
In 1837, Krom Somdet Phra Sri Suralai, mother of Nangklao, died. All officials throughout the kingdom went to Bangkok to attend the funeral. At Syburi (Kedah of Malaysia now), without the presence of Siamese governors, a nephew of the Sultan of Kedah then staged a revolt. Nangklao then sent Tat Bunnag down south to subjugate the rebellion quickly in 1838. Tat then suggested an autonomous government for Kedah Sultanate. In 1839, Kedah was divided into four autonomous parts.
RELIGIOUS DEVOTION
Nangklao was famous for his Buddhist faith. He fed the poor each day after becoming prince, and released animals every monastery day. More than 50 temples were built and repaired in his reign, including the first Chinese style temple at Rajorasa, the highest stupa at Wat Arun, the Golden Mountain at Wat Sraket, the metal temple at Wat Ratchanadda, and Chetupol Temple or Wat Pho. Wat Pho is the site of the first university in Thailand.
DEATH AND LEGACY
Nangklao died on 2 April 1851 without having named a successor. He had 51 children including sons, but had raised none of his consorts to queen. The throne passed to his half-brother, Prince Mongkut.
Nangklao stated on his deathbed that "Our wars with Burma and Vietnam were over, only the threats of the Westerners was left to us. We should study their innovations for our own benefits but not to the degree of obsession or worship." This vision coincided with Western intervention in Siam in the reign of Mongkut. He was able to predict, but not live to see the neighboring kingdoms of Burma and Vietnam fall to European colonial rule.
During his reign, trade between Siam and China became lucrative. The king kept his profits in red purses beside his bed, subsequently this money was known as "red purse money". Nangklao stipulated that the red purse money that he had earned through his business acumen should be set aside as the state's emergency fund for the future "so that Siam would be able to buy the land back" if it fell into a squabble with a foreign power. In the reign of his nephew Chulalongkorn, Siam indeed had to pay reparations to France for the 1893 Paknam incident during the Franco–Siamese War), and funding in part came from Nangklao's red purse money.
IN MEMORIAM
Thai baht 15th Series banknotes issued to draw attention to deeds of Chakri Dynasty monarchs in agriculture, science, religion and finance, depicted King Rama III on the reverse of the 500 baht banknote issued 3 August 2001, with a partial quotation of his deathbed statement below a Chinese sailing ship.
A statue of Rama III was dedicated in the front of Wat Ratchanatdaram.
Phra Nang Klao Hospital is a hospital in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name
Phra Nang Klao Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his name, with the Phra Nang Klao Bridge MRT station.
Maha Chesadabodindranusorn Bridge is a bridge across the Chao Phraya River in Nonthaburi Province bearing his title.
WIKIPEDIA
Michael Bublé: Sydney, Australia Loves You Like Crazy
I'd been waiting for this night for what must be almost a decade. Finally, my night...our Crazy Love night. Michael teased me this past Thursday at the presser conducted at the Overseas Passenger Terminal. I could tell then that his concerts in Australia were going to be very special, and tonight - the evening of Valentines Day, I can confirm that they are.
Even though Sydney's Acer Arena holds over 20,000, Michael's gift helps make the audience feel they are getting treated to an intimate experience. Well, he certainly set the scene and warmed me up beautifully for my intimate experience later into the night. On that vein however, I can tell you that his 'Crazy Love' CD does help set the mood.
By my estimation, the jazz sensation is certainly worth $149 plus. Like the greats, you have to experience a live concert to truly appreciate the musical genius.
The multi-talented performer is now close to two million album sales in Australia, with 25 million achieved on a global scale. Yes, us Aussies are raving fans. This tour was Michael's eighth trip to Australia, so the love affair is most definitely a two way street.
My personal favorite number is 'Haven't Met You Yet' which is already five times platinum in Australia.
His songs inspire love, warmth and affection, which was perfect timing for me, having rekindled my relationship with my special man.
Some of Michael's interpretations of other artists that really did it for me on this Valentines evening were Sway, Kissing A Fool, How Can You Mend A Broken Heart?, and Heartache Tonight.
The warmth and love vibrated via Michael was experienced by young and old, and I witnessed a young fan who must have only been about 10 years old present Michael with a gift early into the concert performances, and he magically incorporated this into the show, making all of us feel that we received the present too.
He shared his thoughts on love with "My songs have always been about love. Mine and everyone else's. But this time it was a little more extreme, and I dug deeper - way deeper."
I had read earlier in the week that Michael said "I just love getting in front of people. It's so important to be in touch with your audience. They've paid their money, I want them to be entertained. If they want to cry or laugh or dance or sing or yell, they can do whatever they want. My responsibility is just to take them away." Oh yes, you took me away.
Michael, from my heart thank you for helping add some 'Crazy Love' intimacy to my partners and own evening and life. I would also like to publicly thank Buble's publicity team, Dainty Consolidated Entertainment and Live Guide, for helping make me one of the blessed and fortunate few photographers in Sydney to capture your gift close up. My love now has more focus, and its thanks to you. Let the passion, talent and performer bring out the performance in you, and if your single, that's ok too.
My estimations on the relative lack of ozone were apparently way off.
Sunburns are not only painful, but also embarrassing… First off, when someone looks at you and you're all red, they think "that person probably thinks they're too cool for sunblock". Secondly, after your skin starts to die, you are condemned to what is basically the equivalent of full-body dandruff.
Despite all this (and I'm not trying to justify anything) there is some sick satisfaction that comes after peeling off a huge piece of skin. It's much akin to the satisfaction gained by cleaning your ears or a having a really successful nose-blowing session.
Artcurial 13/02/2012 17h29In the beautiful Hôtel Marcel Dassault on the Rond Point de Champs-Elysées the exposition Art Urbain Contemporain took place from 11/02/2012 to 13/02/2012 followed by an auction on 15/02/2012.
Hôtel Marcel Dassault
7 rond-point des Champs-Élysées
75008 Paris
www.artcurial.com/fr/artcurial/
This horse drawn Parisien métro attracted my attention.
FREZ (né en 1975)
SANS TITRE (2011)
Peinture aérosol, acrylique et collages sur toile signé dan la composition "Frez"
89 x 130 cm
Estimation: 1200 - 1500 €
Vendu 1,958 €
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska -- Parachute infantryman Pfc. Lawrence Lontoya, assigned to A Company 3rd Battalion (Airborne) 509th Infantry Regiment, a native of albuquerque, N.M., checks his map on the day land navigation course during Expert Infantryman Badge qualification on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Monday, April 22, 2013. The Expert Infantryman Badge was approved by the Secretary of War on October 7, 1943, and is currently awarded to U.S. Army personnel who hold infantry or special forces military occupational specialties. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska -- Parachute infantryman Spc. Jerome King, assigned to B Company 3rd Battalion (Airborne) 509th Infantry Regiment, a native of Dallas, Texas, checks his map on the day land navigation course during Expert Infantryman Badge qualification on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Monday, April 22, 2013. The Expert Infantryman Badge was approved by the Secretary of War on October 7, 1943, and is currently awarded to U.S. Army personnel who hold infantry or special forces military occupational specialties. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
Child labour is one of the biggest ethical problems of many developing countries. It is understandable that in economical chrisis the whole family has to take part in earning money for living and it is good for children to learn realities and responsibilities of life quite early, but education and joys of childhood are still a priority.
Not that long ago children were working force in Finland as well; when agriculture was the most common form of living. It isn`t that all child labour is bad, but then the quantity and quality of work are essential. Small child can`t work as long days as an adult, and they must be allowed to go to school.
I think this child worker isn`t suffering too much for the conditions. He is selling things in a bazaar after all, instead of working in a factory, rice fields, carrying heavy objects or taking care of animals days in and days out as a shepherd.
Estimations tell that of people over 15 years old, literate - people able to read - are 43.1% of the population (53.9% male and 31.8% female). Campaigns that advertise in busses and public buildings tell on behalf of changing this; ads tell: "let children go to school."
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska -- Parachute infantryman Pfc. Nolan Armstong, assigned to A Company 3rd Battalion (Airborne) 509th Infantry Regiment, a native of Olympia, Wash., draws a map, compass and protractor before beginning the day land navigation course during Expert Infantryman Badge qualification on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Monday, April 22, 2013. The Expert Infantryman Badge was approved by the Secretary of War on October 7, 1943, and is currently awarded to U.S. Army personnel who hold infantry or special forces military occupational specialties. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
This is a fairly regular rant from me. I love seeing a girl in corsets, and don't get me wrong, a teeny weeny waist is a delight to behold, but not as important as the shape it imparts to her body. One estimation of the ideal waist size is (boobs + hips) / 4. A girl with bodacious curves and a 22" waist is more attractive to me than a stick insect with a 16" waist.
Set Lashed in Holland, Club Inc. Avenue Vlaardingen, 26-11-2011. Showcasing my set (Lashed in Holland) here!
Vanaf nu hier enkel de set highlights van shoots voor Dancegids.nl. In deze set een selectie van de beste 30 foto's uit de shoot die ook op Dancegids.nl staat (224 foto's). Staat je foto in deze set er niet tussen? Je vindt jouw foto zeker terug in de set @ Dancegids.nl (www.dancegids.nl/). Wanneer je je foto niet terugvindt op Dancegids.nl, dan is die buiten de selectie gevallen deze keer, helaas! Better luck next time :)
Check ook eens ook mijn YouTube Channel: www.youtube.com/user/dutchpartypics en mijn eigen showgallery: www.dutchphotogallery.net/ (online soon, estimation: januari 2012).
Organisatie: Inclusivo Events: www.inclusivo.nl/
Foto's nabestellen:
Foto's in high res nabestellen? Leuk voor gebruik voor allerlei creatieve doeleinden. Denk aan een speciaal kado voor een speciaal iemand (bijvoorbeeld je geliefde), zoals het afdrukken van jouw/jullie foto op Canvas, Mokken, Muismat etc. Wat je je maar kunt voorstellen! Maar ook een kwalitatieve afdruk op een printer thuis of bij een fotozaak kan natuurlijk met je nabestelling. Voor maar 2,50 Euro stuur ik je de high res. foto(s) toe. Geef het betreffende fotonummer(s) door, of stuur mij de link van de betreffende foto(s) op Dancegids.nl, wanneer die hier op Flickr er niet tussen staat. Stuur deze info (fotonummer(s) en/of link) naar: dutchpartypics@yahoo.com/k.punt@telfort.nl. Alvast hartelijk dank! Hope 2 Cya @ the dancefloor next party!
© Dutchpartypics | Korsjan Punt 2010. Powered by Nikon D50/D80/D3000 DSLR; Lenses @ fl. range 10 - 300 mm: Nikon D AF 50 mm, f 1.8; Nikon AF-S 35 mm, f 3.5 - 4.5; Nikon AF-S 18 - 55 mm, f 3.5 - 5.6; Nikon AF-S 18 - 105 mm VR, f 3.5 - 5.6; Nikon G AF 28 - 100 mm f 3.5 - 5.6; Nikon AF-S 55 - 200 mm VR, f 4.0 - 5.6; Nikon D AF 70 - 300 mm, f 4.0 - 5.6; Tamron SP XR DiII 17 - 50 mm, f 2.8; Tamron XR Di 28 - 75 mm, f: 2.8; Sigma 28 - 105 mm D, f 2.8 - 4.0; Sigma Super Wide II 24 mm, f 2.8; Sigma EX DC-HSM 10 - 20 mm, f 4.0 - 5.6 and Sigma EX DC Macro 105 mm, f 2.8. TC: Kenko Teleplus 300 TC 2X. Flash: Nikon Speedlight SB600 (Nikon D80) | Sunpak PZ42X (Nikon D3000) | Sunpak PF30X (Nikon D50), all including Stofen omnibounce. Compact: Nikon Coolpix L110 and Panasonic Lumix FX500. Flash Full HD Video: Kodak Zi8.
NIKON: At the heart of the image! & DUTCHPARTYPICS: Power of Imagination, for Pounding, Vivid Pictures! Make your photos come alive! And... ! Relive your most intense moments, over again! See my unique look on peoples, unexpected situations and remarkable things!
Baroque church
In 1676, when the Brotherhood of the Most Holy Trinity was solemnly introduced to St. Peter's, it soon attained a high membership. A large part of the members were among the richest and most respected citizens of Vienna. The nobility was also represented to the highest tops. The Brotherhood therefore had the means to do so, and in 1700, it decided to demolish the old church and build a new building whose shape was to commemorate St. Peter's in Rome. One year earlier, in the plague year of 1679, Leopold I vowed to build a new building dedicated to the Holy Trinity in place of the dilapidated church. Builder Jankel was requested to make an estimation of the costs. He received 50 guilders for the building survey drawn by him.
According to the technical guide through Vienna (Ing. Martin Paul) the builders are indicated in the inscriptions in the dome knob: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl and Christian Oettl. However, the bibliographical references are widely differing. According to the manual of the German art monuments of Georg Dehio, the construction was started according to the plan of Gabriele Montani 1702, continued from this until 1703, then, probably completed by Johann Lukas Hildebrandt after modified plan 1708 in the shell and consecrated on October 25, 1708. 1708-1715 was followed by the interior fittings, 1713-1717 the dome space was completed in its current picturesque and sculptural design, but only 1730-1733 built the main choir. Cardinal Kollonitsch consecrated St. Peter's Church in 1733. The tomb of Wolfgang Lazius, who had been buried in the old Peterskirche in 1565, was transferred to the new St. Peter's church. The Petersfreithof (cemetery) still surrounded the church, it was only abandoned under Joseph II. In 1844, the façade was restored, and the many sales offices added to the church disappeared after the abolishemnt of the cemetery.
The history of St. Peter in Baroque period
When the old church was removed in 1701, it was decided to find the foundation stone of the first church, which contained "an old parable of Pope Leo III", the friend and contemporary of Charlemagne.
An old memorial book from the parish notes that the particle in 1749 still existed, but writes nothing about the nature of the same. The founders of the strange foundation stone claimed that it must have been laid in the year 800 and this conviction was maintained, so that afterwards the inscription of the cornerstone for the new church was written, which reads:
Petri prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis DOM uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit Lapidem in titulum cen age Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix. "
The German translation is approximately as follows:
"This church, which stood over nine centuries, founded on holy honors on the solid rock of Apostle Prince Paul, the key bearer of heaven, by Charlemagne in the year 800, after the Virgin gave birth, has resurrected gloriously in honor of the almighty God who is united in Trinity and St. Peter, as second Jacob the cornerstone has laid Leopold the Great as well as the Happy. "
This laying of the cornerstone was solemnly performed by Emperor Leopold I on June 30, 1702 (according to Harrer, Czeike names April 22, 1702).
Already at the time of the start of construction an accident was recorded:
On the occasion of a solemn procession on October 29, 1702, in which the emperor also participated with his court, as a result of the overburden, the planks laid over the foundations collapsed and about 50 persons, mostly court cavaliers and page boys, plunged into the depths.
The completion of the church progressed very slowly. Even during construction, the wood of the dome was damaged, so this had to be replaced in 1722 by a dome cover, for which Emperor Charles VI as the supreme patron and member of the Brotherhood of the Holy Trinity, supplied the copper. For years, the facade was missing and the towers had no ending.
On May 17, 1733, the church was finally consecrated by the Cardinal Count Sigismund Kollonitsch.
Appearance
The outer image of St. Peter's is dominated by the 56-meter high, massive dome, which in its configuration reminds of the dome of St. Peter. It is a two-storey facade of stocky effect, whose slopingly placed towers flank the concave central part and which is surmounted by the dome of the central building. The building itself glorifies the reign of Emperor Leopold I, whose motto is emblazoned in the interior above the choir arch. The charming, pavilion-like portal porch made of gray marble was built according to a design by Andrea Altomonte only 1751-1753. Figurative decoration made of lead by Franz Kohl, a pupil and assistant of Georg Raphael Donner, decorates it. Right at the top are the statues Faith, Hope and Love, as well as angelic figures bearing tiaras and keys, the insignia of papal sovereignty. On the gable window at the front and the vases on the side reliefs: depictions from the life of Peter. The main portal shows rich carving and beautiful fittings; an inscription commemorates the imperial plague vow.
In the niches below the two slopingly placed towers that flank the front of the church are the following sandstone figures: St. Peter and St. Simon, St. John the Evangelist (according to Paul Harrer St. Paul) and Judas Thaddeus. At the back of the choir (outside wall of the church) are stone sculptures of St. Peter and St. Michael, executed by Lorenz Matitelli around 1730.
On the eastern side wall of the church, opposite the exit of the Goldschmied alley, a marble relief is embedded in the stone wall, depicting the legendary setting up of the cross at this place by Charlemagne. Created by Rudolf Weyr, it was unveiled in 1906.
Barockkirche
Als die Bruderschaft der heiligsten Dreifaltigkeit 1676 feierlich in die Peterskirche eingeführt wurde, erreichte sie bald einen hohen Mitgliederstand. Ein großer Teil der Mitglieder zählte zu den reichsten und angesehensten Bürgern von Wien. Auch der Adel war bis in die höchsten Spitzen vertreten. Die Bruderschaft verfügte daher über die entsprechenden Mittel und so fasste sie im Jahr 1700 den Entschluss, die alte Kirche niederzureißen und einen Neubau aufzuführen, dessen Form an die Peterskirche zu Rom erinnern sollte. Bereits ein Jahr zuvor, im Pestjahr 1679 gelobte Leopold I., anstelle der baufälligen Kirche einen der Heiligen Dreifaltigkeit gewidmeten Neubau zu errichten. Man ließ von Baumeister Jankel einen Kosten-Überschlag machen. Für den von ihm gezeichneten Bauriss erhielt er 50 Gulden.
Nach dem technischen Führer durch Wien (Ing. Martin Paul) werden die Erbauer in den Inschriften im Kuppelknauf angegeben: Francesco Martinelli, Franz Jänggl und Christian Oettl. Die Literaturangaben gehen jedoch hierüber weit auseinander. Nach dem Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler von Georg Dehio wurde der Bau nach dem Plan von Gabriele Montani 1702 begonnen, von diesem bis 1703 weitergeführt, sodann, wahrscheinlich von Johann Lukas Hildebrandt nach verändertem Plan 1708 im Rohbau vollendet und am 25. Oktober 1708 geweiht. 1708-1715 folgte die Innenausstattung, 1713-1717 wurde der Kuppelraum in seiner gegenwärtigen malerischen und plastischen Ausgestaltung vollendet, jedoch erst 1730-1733 baute man den Hauptchor. 1733 weihte Kardinal Kollonitsch die Peterskirche. Das Grabmal des Wolfgang Lazius, der in der alten Peterskirche 1565 bestattet worden war, wurde in die neue Peterskirche übertragen. Nach wie vor umgab der Petersfreithof die Kirche; er wurde erst unter Joseph II. aufgelassen. 1844 restaurierte man die Fassade, wobei auch die vielen an die Kirche angebauten Verkaufsbuden verschwanden, die nach der Auflassung des Friedhofs entstanden waren.
Die Geschichte von St. Peter im Barock
Als man 1701 die alte Kirche abtrug, will man bei dieser Gelegenheit den Grundstein der ersten Kirche gefunden haben, der "eine alten Paritkel von Papst Leo III.“, dem Freunde und Zeitgenossen Karls des Großen, enthielt.
Ein altes Gedenkbuch aus der Pfarre bemerkt, dass der Partikel noch 1749 vorhanden war, schreibt aber nichts über die Art desselben. Die Auffinder des merkwürdigen Grundsteines behaupteten, dass er im Jahr 800 gelegt worden sein müsse und an dieser Überzeugung hielt man fest, sodass danach die Inschrift des Grundsteines für die neue Kirche verfasst wurde, welche lautet:
"Ecclesia quae IX ultra saecula steterat, fundata supra firmam Petram prinzipis Apostolorum Petri Coeli Clavigeri Sacris honoribus a Carolo I. Caesare Magno anno post virginis partum DCCC extructe novis ex fundamentis D.O.M- uni in Trinitate Deo et S. Petri honoriter augusta surrexit. Lapidem in titulum cen alter Jacob restauravit Leopoldus uterque Felix.“
Die deutsche Übersetzung ist etwa wie folgt:
"Diese Kirche, die über neun Jahrhunderte stand, gegründet zu heiligen Ehren auf dem festen Felsen des Apostelfürsten Paulus, des Schlüsselträgers des Himmels, von Karl dem Großen Kaiser im Jahr 800, nachdem die Jungfrau gebar, ist dem allmächtigen Gott, der einig ist in der Dreiheit und dem heiligen Petrus zu Ehren prachtvoll wiedererstanden. Als zweiter Jakob hat den Grundstein gelegt Leopold der ebenso Große als Glückliche."
Diese Grundsteinlegung geschah in feierlicher Weise durch Kaiser Leopold I. am 30. Juni 1702 (laut Harrer; Czeike benennt den 22. April 1702).
Schon zur Zeit des Baubeginnes war ein Unfall zu verzeichnen:
Anlässlich einer feierlichen Prozession am 29. Oktober 1702, an der auch der Kaiser mit seinem Hofstaat teilnahm, stürzte infolge der Überlastung die über die Fundamente gelegten Bretter ein und etwa 50 Personen, meistens Hofkavaliere und Pagen stürzten in die Tiefe.
Die Vollendung der Kirche ging sehr langsam voran. Noch während des Baues wurde das Holz der Kuppel schadhaft, sodass dieses 1722 durch eine Kuppeldeckung ersetzt werden musste, wozu Kaiser Karl VI. als oberster Schutzherr und Mitglied der Bruderschaft der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit das Kupfer lieferte. Jahrelang fehlte die Fassade und die Türme hatten keinen Abschluss.
Am 17. Mai 1733 konnte die Kirche endlich durch den Kardinal Graf Sigismund Kollonitsch geweiht werden.
Äußeres
Das äußere Bild das die Peterskirche darbietet, wird beherrschend bestimmt durch die 56 Meter hohe, gewaltige Kuppel, die in ihrer Konfiguration an die Kuppel von St. Peter erinnert. Es handelt sich um eine zweigeschossige Fassade von gedrungener Wirkung, deren schräggestellte Türme den konkav einschwingenden Mittelteil flankieren und der von der Kuppel des Zentralbaus überragt wird. Der Bau selbst verherrlicht die Regierung des Kaisers Leopold I., dessen Wahlspruch im Innen über dem Chorbogen prangt. Der reizvolle, pavillonartige Portalvorbau aus grauem Marmor wurde nach einem Entwurfe von Andrea Altomonte erst 1751 bis 1753 errichtet. Figürlicher Schmuck aus Blei von Franz Kohl, einem Schüler und Gehilfen von Georg Raphael Donner, ziert ihn. Zu Oberst die Statuen Glaube, Hoffnung und Liebe, sowie Engelfiguren, welche Tiara und Schlüssel, die Insignien der päpstlichen Souveränität, tragen. Am Giebelfenster an der Vorderseite und den Vasen an der Seite Reliefs: Darstellungen aus dem Leben Petri. Das Hauptportal zeigt reiches Schnitzwerk und schöne Beschläge; eine Inschrift erinnert an das kaiserliche Pestgelübde.
In den Nischen unterhalb der beiden schiefgestellten Türme, welche die Vorderseite der Kirche flankieren, stehen folgende Sandsteinfiguren: St. Petrus und St. Simon, Johannes Evangelist (laut Paul Harrer St. Paulus) und Judas Thaddäus. An der Rückseite des Chores (Außenwand der Kirche) befinden sich Steinplastiken vom heiligen Petrus und vom Heiligen Michael, die von Lorenz Matitelli um 1730 ausgeführt wurden.
An der östlichen Seitenwand des Gotteshauses, gegenüber dem Ausgang der Goldschmiedgasse ist in die Steinmauer ein Marmorrelief eingelassen, das die sagenhafte Kreuzerrichtung an dieser Stelle durch Karl den Großen vergegenwärtigt. Von Rudolf Weyr geschafften, wurde es 1906 enthüllt.
Sale Retromobile 2016 by Artcurial Motorcars
5 Février 2016
Estimation € 1.200.000 - 1.500.000
Sold for € 1.072.800
Chassis Number: 1120110
Engine Number: 1120110
Salon Retromobile 2016
Paris Expo - Porte de Versailles
Paris - France
Februari 2016
Product backlog, and product grooming
What is Product Backlog?
Product Backlog is a list of priority items in a project. This list consists of high priority items at the top and low priority items at the bottom. It is one of the three main artifacts that make Agile Development. With the help of product backlog, product owners create a prioritized list of features known as ‘User Stories’. This list can further evolve according to the situation. This product backlog can contain function requirements, non-function requirements, engineering requirements, and any feedback that you get from the stakeholders. Thus, product backlog is configured considering the vision of a product.
Agile Development (Scrum) favors the short succinct proclamation that represents the quintessence of a “necessity”. A product backlog is configured of following components:
• Knowledge acquisition
• Features
• Errors and problems
• Technical Work
Release Backlog
A subset of product backlogs is the release backlog. A release backlog consists of a list of minimum features that are required for the product to go into the market. You can think of it as a minimum eligibility criteria list for a product before releasing it. Depending on the specific needs of your organization, release backlogs can get ready within a range of few months to a year.
Sprint Backlog
A subset of release backlog is the sprint backlog. If you are a product owner, you will have the responsibility to supervise the manufacturing of the product. You will hold a meeting of the marketing team, domain experts, and other managing directors. The sprint backlog will be derived from the product requirements put forward by the team that you called.
When should be Product Backlog Re-Prioritized?
The team of stakeholders develops a vision for the product. From this vision, further requirements go into the product backlog. You will then give a business value to each of these requirements. These requirements will be very high-level requirements definitely. Once you will come up with a list of assets to assemble product backlog items. After this, you will identify your release backlog. Once you are through with this step, you will report to the scrum team. You will explain them the high-level requirements of the sprint backlog. The team will select appropriate requirements, and they will start the process of refining it even further. During the refining, they may include engineering requirements and other essential processes that are important to modify the release backlog. This will change the release backlog depending on customer priority, implementation difficulty, urgency of feedback, and other crucial factors
How to Write Product Backlog
Many people use ‘Story Cards’ in the industry. Users of the product write these story cards. These cards are comprised of description defining the features of the product. These descriptions are the result of the perception of the particular user. The format of a user story is; as a, I want so that
could be fulfilled.
The important concept when writing a user story is that you are able to slice the requirement vertically. This step will ensure a demonstrable output at the end of the script. As your product keeps maturing, you will start receiving numerous feedbacks from the customers. It may become very difficult to prioritize items on the product backlog immediately. This is why experts divide feedbacks into three main stages
• Raw Feedback: This is the category that you can keep vaguely
• Prioritized Feedback: This is the category that you can use to eliminate some of the raw feedbacks. You can select a few of these that you consider as valid for the vision of your product
• Moving to the Product Backlog: On this stage, you can move vivid feedbacks to the backlog
These stages will help you to maintain your product backlog.
Product Backlog Grooming
A backlog requires maintenance and consideration. During the initiation stage, the Scrum Team and Product owner begin by conceptualizing and recording all the points that they consider important. A product backlog requires consistent changes such as adding and portraying new things, changing or discarding existing things, and the process of re-evaluating passages.
While utilizing the Scrum Framework, it is essential to save 10% of the Scrum Team’s aggregate time for Product backlog’s maintenance.
A well-maintained backlog can solve many problems. Back in old days, the product backlog was just a list of things that the scrum team kept remembering. The firms and industries soon realized the importance of grooming the product backlog.
Grooming a product backlog involves a handful of separate actions. Firstly, new items can be added to the product backlog. Usually, the product owners and the scrum team are responsible for this. The product owners would require a rough estimate of time from the team. This rough estimate of time is the time needed to prepare that item. If it is not going to take longer to develop, the product owner may want it immediately. If that item will take a long time to develop, they will move ahead on the list.
Secondly, the step of re-prioritizing product backlog follows. Sometimes, an angry customer may demand some features. In such situations, that particular feature is moved up and given the preference. Thirdly, the action of splitting larger backlog items into smaller ones comes into play. As the items near to the top of the backlog, it is important for it to be small enough so the team can finish it in a single sprint. Therefore, this part of backlog grooming involves the discussion of how to minimize the technical efforts required completing the task.
How to Estimate Product Backlog?Estimating a product backlog is part of the release planning process. A product backlog is a repository of everything that the product owner would like to have created. Experts commonly used two different ways for estimating their product backlogs.
The first method is called estimation by analogy. It is an important technique that you can rely on when finding real estimates. In this method, you can compare the thing being estimated to some other thing. You might, for example, compare the time of reading a book with another if you know the size and time taken to complete the book. You can recall how long it took you to complete a specific book, and then you can increase or decrease that amount of time by considering the size of the book that is to be estimated.
Another technique is the precise calculation. You can first think about the size of the work, estimate your pace through the work, and then divide to come up with the precise estimate of the duration. Both of the methods work great if done with extreme precision.
Some Useful Tips:
Maintaining a product backlog is not as simple as it looks. Many Scrum teams and product owners struggle with details and features of the backlogs. These vital tips will help you deal with product backlogs proficiently.
• Make a blueprint for product backlogs and implement on it
• Prioritize your backlog considering next product launch
• Work with the development team
• Keep your backlog simple to read
• Do not only rely on user stories. Think outside the box yourself.
The post Product Backlog: Ultimate Guide to Product Backlog appeared first on Agile Methods.
The video is from a Raspberry PI version 2 camera attached to a Raspberry Pi 4B single board computer. I've been working on video analysis software to estimate the speed of cars and I've got it to the point where it can deal with colliding objects.
Time-consistency of risk measures with GARCH volatilities and their estimation. Klüppelberg, Zhang arxiv.org/abs/1504.04774 #q-fin
This is a fairly regular rant from me. I love seeing a girl in corsets, and don't get me wrong, a teeny weeny waist is a delight to behold, but not as important as the shape it imparts to her body. One estimation of the ideal waist size is (boobs + hips) / 4. A girl with bodacious curves and a 22" waist is more attractive to me than a stick insect with a 16" waist.
In these uncertain times, it is unclear if we should go out to do normal things, let alone if we find the churches open when we get there.
St Michael is under the care of the CCT, and so the electronic lock makes sure the door is open each day at ten.
The church stands on a hill, overlooking west Kent, must be wonderful on a fine summer day. On a grey autumn one, less so.
We park at the lych gate, walk up the very un-Kentish stone steps, up the churchyard to the south Priest's door, which opened easily.
Inside, it was a light and airy space, with Victorian oak pews, and walls filled with memorials. Much of interestm unlike some of those I saw on Heritage weekend where there was barely 30 shots taken, here I took a good hundred, and most are keepers.
We leave the church and are greeted with the majestic view as the churchyard slopes away to the lychgate, and the road beyond vanishing down the down.
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The medieval church was superseded by a new church in the village in 1842, but remains in good repair being maintained today by The Churches Conservation Trust. In many ways it is the typical Kentish church, showing work of many different periods and many monuments to remind us of former inhabitants. As in some other local churches the north aisle is the primary one, even though the church is entered from the south. The restoration by diocesan architect Joseph Clarke in 1857 was rather heavy-handed and provided a veritable sea of oak pews. In contrast the south chapel, which belonged to the Twysden family of Roydon Hall, has a nice unrestored atmosphere, as does the south porch which shows an abundance of medieval (and later) graffiti. At the lychgate is the famous stable used by nineteenth-century congregations.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=East+Peckham+1
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EAST PECKHAM.
SOUTHWARD from Mereworth lies the parish of East or Great Peckham, written in Domesday, PECHEHAM, and in the Textus Roffensis, PECHAM. It has the appellation of East Peckham from its situation eastward from West or Little Peckham, and of Great, from its large extent in comparison of that parish.
They both had their name of Peckham probably from their situation; peac signifying in Saxon the peke or summit of an hill, and ham, a village or dwellingplace.
THIS PARISH is situated within the district of the Weald, in a country, which though for the most part too deep and miry to be pleasant, is yet exceedingly fertile as to its products, in corn, hops, and cattle, and is full of fine oak timber, with the trees of which it abounds. It joins northward up to Mereworth, and lord Despencer's park, whence it descends southward for upwards of two miles to Brandt, formerly called Stidal's bridge, and Sladis bridge, and the river Medway, which flows along the southern boundaries of it, besides which it is watered by a small stream, which rises near Yokes, in West Peckham, and runs through this parish into the river. The high road from Maidstone through Mereworth, towards Hadlow and Tunbridge, runs along the western boundary of this parish, as that from Watringbury through Nettlested to Brandt bridge, and across the Medway towards Cranbrook, does along the eastern boundary of it. In that part of this parish next to Mereworth, is the village and church of East Peckham, and on the rise of a hill the antient and respectable looking mansion of Roydon-hall, the grounds of which are bounded on each side by coppice woods; hence the ground descends to a more wet and deeper country, being a stiff clayey soil, mostly grazing land, exceedingly rich and fertile, on which are bred and fatted some of the largest beasts of any in these parts. On the roads leading to Brandt-bridge in this part of East Peckham are several hamlets, as those of Chitley-cross, North-hatch, Halestreet, and others.
This parish was antiently bound with others in this neighbourhood to contribute to the repair of the 5th pier of Rochester bridge.
IN THE YEAR 96y, queen Ediva, mother of king Edmund and king Eadred, gave to Christ-church, in Canterbury, among other lands, this estate of Peckham, free from all secular service, excepting the trinoda necessitas of repelling invasions, and the repair of castles and highways.
Peekham remained part of the possessions of Christchurch at the consecration of archbishop Lanfranc, in the 4th year of the Conqueror's reign.
The revenues of this church were at that time enjoyed as one common stock by the archbishop and his convent; but archbishop Lanfranc, after the example of foreign churches, separated them into two parts; one of which he allotted for the maintenance of himself and his successors in the see of Canterbury, and the other for his monks, for their subsistence, cloathing, and other necessary uses.
In this partition, Peckham fell to the share of the monks, and it is accordingly thus entered in Domesday, under the title of Terra Monachorum Archiepi, i e. the land of the monks of the archbishop.
The archbishop himself holds Pecheham. In the time of king Edward the Confessor it was taxed at six sulings, and now for six sulings, and one yoke. The arable land is ten carucates. In demesne there are two, and sixteen villeins, with fourteen borderers, having four carucates and an half. There is a church, and ten servants, and one mill, and six acres of meadow. Wood for the pannage of ten hogs.
Of the land of this manor, one of the archbishop's tenants holds half a suling, and was taxed with these six sulings in the time of king Edward the Confessor, although it could not belong to the manor, except in the scotting, because it was free land.
Richard de Tonebridge holds of the same manor two sulings and one yoke, and has there twenty-seven villeins, having seven carucates, and wood for the pannage of ten hogs, the whole value being four pounds. In the time of king Edward the Confessor, the manor was worth twelve pounds, when the archbishop received it eight pounds, and now what he has is worth eight pounds.
In the 10th year of king Edward II. the prior of Canterbury obtained free warren for his manor of Peckham among others. About which time it was valued at ten pounds. It continued part of the possessions of the priory of Christ-church till its dissolution in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered up to the king, who that year granted this manor to Sir Thomas Wyatt, and his heirs male, to hold in capite by knight's service, and he in the 35th year of that reign conveyed it to George Multon; but there being no fine levied, or recovery had of it, the crown, on the attainder of his son, Sir Thomas Wyatt, for high treason in the 1st year of queen Mary, seized on it as part of his possessions.
The court-lodge and demesnes of this manor were afterwards granted away by the crown; but THE MANOR ITSELF continued part of the royal revenue at the death of king Charles I. in 1648; after which the powers, then in being, seized on the royal estates, and passed an ordinance to vest them in trustees, to be surveyed and sold, to supply the necessities of the state; in pursuance of which, there was soon afterwards a survey taken of this manor, by which it appeared, that the quit-rents due from the freeholders in free socage tenure, the like due from the freeholders in the township of Marden, the rent of hens and eggs from the tenants in those townships, and the profits of courts, were worth altogether seventeen pounds and upwards. That there was a court leet and court baron held for the manor, and a heriot was due from the freeholders of the best living thing of such tenant, or in lieu thereof 3s. 4d. in money.
Soon after which this manor was sold to colonel Robert Gibbon, with whom it continued till the restoration of king Charles II. when it again became part of the revenues of the crown.
The grant of it has been many years in the family of the duke of Leeds, the present grantee of it being his grace Francis, duke of Leeds.
THE COURT-LODGE WITH THE DEMESNES of the manor of East Peckham was granted the nextyear after the attainder of Sir Thomas Wyatt, by letters patent, anno 1st and 2d of king Philip and queen Mary, to Sir John Baker, to hold in capite by knight's service, (fn. 1) who passed his interest in them, in the 2d year of the reign of queen Elizabeth, to Anthony Weldon, esq. but the crown afterwards disputing his title to them, the queen, in her 10th year, granted them to William Dodington, and the next year, the attorney-general exhibited an information against the heirs of Weldon in the court of exchequer, on account of these premises, and judgment was had against him. After which a writ of error was brought, and divers other law proceedings had, by which, however, at last, Ralph, son of Anthony Weldon above-mentioned, established his title to them; and his son, Sir Anthony Weldon, (fn. 2) in the latter end of the reign of king James I. passed them away by sale to George Whetenhall, esq. after whose death they came by descent into the possession of Thomas Whetenhall, esq. of Hextalls-court, in this parish, whose descendant, Henry Whetenhall, esq. alienated this estate to Sir William Twysden, bart. of Roydon-hall, whose descendant, Sir William Jarvis Twisden, bart. is the present possessor of it.
ROYDON-HALL, antiently called Fortune, is a seat here, which was of no great account till about the reign of king Henry VIII. when Thomas Roydon, of son of Thomas, second son of Thomas Roydon, of Roydon-hall, in Suffolk, where this family had been seated many generations, and bore for their arms, Chequy, argent and gules, a cross azure, came into this county, and seated himself at Fortune, and erected this seat; on which he affixed his own name, and in the 31st year of that reign procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled, by the act passed that year for this purpose. He married Margaret, daughter of William Wheten hall, esq. of this parish, by whom he had three sons and five daughters.
On the death of the sons without issue, his five daughters became his coheirs; the second of whom, Elizabeth, had this estate as part of her share, and intitled her husband, William Twysden, esq. of Chelmington, in this county, to the fee of it. She survived him, and afterwards remarried Cuthbert Vaughan, esq. and lastly Sir Thomas Golding. She left by her first husband, one son, Roger Twysden, and a daughter, Margaret, married to Richard Dering, esq. of Pluckley.
The family of Twysden, written in antient deeds, Twisenden, and in Latin, De Denna Fracta, were originally of the parish of Sandhurst, in this county, the place where they resided being called the Den, or borough of Twisden, at this time, and bore for their arms, Girony of four, argent and gules, a saltier between four cross-croslets, all counterchanged.
Adam de Twysden resided at Twysden borough, in the 21st year of king Edward I. and dying without issue, as well as his brother Gregory, John de Twysden, the youngest brother, became his heir. His descendant, Roger Twysden, in the reign of king Henry V. married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Thomas Chelmington, esq. of Chelmington, in Great Chart, who bore for his arms, Argent, three chevrons azure, nine cross-crosiets sable. At which seat his descendants, who lie buried in Great Chart church, afterwards resided, down to William Twysden, esq. who was of Chelmington, and married Elizabeth, second daughter and coheir of Thomas Roydon, and in her right became possessed of Roydon-hall, as above-mentioned, to which he removed soon afterwards. He procured his lands in this county to be disgavelled by the act of the 2d and 3d of king Edward VI. in which he is called William Twisenden, and was sheriff of this county in the 41st year of queen Elizabeth. He died in 1603, and was buried in this church, as was Anne his wife, eldest daughter of Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allington, who died in 1592. by whom he had issue twelve children, of whom only six survived him.
William Twysden, esq. the eldest son, greatly improved Roydon-hall, and having been before knighted, was afterwards made a baronet on June 29, 1611. He was a man, who addicted his time mostly to study, being versed in different parts of learning, especially in the Hebrew and Latin languages, and collected many choice manuscripts and books, which he left to his eldest son. He died in 1628, and was buried in this church leaving by Anne his wife, eldest daughter of Sir Moile Finch, knight and baronet, several sons and daughters; of whom Sir Roger, the eldest son, was his successor in title and estates here; Sir Thomas, the second son, was on the restoration of king Charles II. made one of the justices of the king's bench, and being afterwards made a baronet, seated himself at Bradbourn, in East-Malling, the seat of his descendant, the present Sir John Papillon Twisden, bart. under which place an account has already been given of that branch; and Charles, the third son, was created LL. D. and had given him, by his father's will, the seat of Chelmington before mentioned.
¶Sir Roger Twysden, knight and baronet, the eldest son, resided at Roydon-hall, round which he obtained licence from king Charles I. to inclose a park, and likewise a grant of a charter of free warren for the ground inclosed. He died in 1672, and was buried in this church, having suffered greatly for his loyalty during the great rebellion, being forced at last to compound for his estate for a large sum of money. He was a great encourager of learning, and a generous patron of learned men, being himself a master of our antient Saxon and English history and laws, and left behind him the united character of the scholar and the gentleman. In whose descendants resident at Roydon hall, who severally lie buried in East Peckham church, this seat with his other estates in this parish, came down to Sir William Twysden, bart. who resided at Roydon-hall, and married Jane, daughter of Francis Twisden, esq. youngest son of Sir Thomas Twisden, bart. of Bradbourn, by whom he had three sons; William, his heir and successor; Thomas, a colonel in the army; and Philip, late bishop of Raphoe; and three daughters. He died in 1751, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Sir William Twysden, bart. who at first followed a military life, but afterwards retired to Roydon hall, and married Jane, the daughter and heir of Mr. Jarvis. He died at Roydon-hall in 1767, leaving his lady surviving, and by her three sons, WilliamJarvis, Heneage, and Thomas, and one daughter, Frances, who in 1783 married Archibald, late earl of Eglington. Sir William Jarvis Twysden, bart. the eldest son, married in 1786, the daughter of governor Wynch, and resides at Roydon-hall, of which he is the present owner.
This parish is within the ECCLESIASTICAL JURISDICTION of the diocese of Rochester, and being a pecu liar of the archbishop of Canterbury, is as such within the deanry of Shoreham.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Michael, is a fair large building, with a square tower at the west end. It stands near the summit of the hill almost adjoining to the southern pales of Mereworth-park.
In the 15th year of king Edward I. the church of Peckham was valued at thirty-five marcs, and the vicarage of it at twelve marcs. (fn. 5)
In the reign of king Edward III. the taxation of East Peckham was one carucate of arable land, with a meadow of the endowment of the church, worth six pounds per annum, and two dove-houses of the rectory, of the endowment of the church, and worth two marcs, and the profit of the garden, of the like endowment, worth 2s. 5d. (fn. 6)
The church, with the advowson of the vicarage, was always appendant to the manor of East Peckham, and as such part of the possessions of the priory of Christchurch, in Canterbury, till the dissolution of that monastery in the 31st year of king Henry VIII. when it was surrendered into the king's hands, who granted the manor to Sir Thomas Wyatt, and he settled this church, with the advowson of the vicarage, by his dotation charter, in his 33d year, on his new-erected dean and chapter of Canterbury, part of whose possessions they remain at this time.
This church is valued in the king's books at 231. and the yearly tenths at 21. 6s.
The vicarage of it is valued at 141. and the yearly tenths at 11. 0s. 8d.
It appears by the terrier of the lands belonging to the impropriate rectory, and vicarage of East Peckham at the visitation of archbishop Laud in 1634, that the glebe lands belonging to this parsonage in the park of Mildmay, earl of Westmoreland, which he had from the church of Canterbury, were twenty acres, called Keamehatches; that there were to the parsonage house two gardens, one orchard, two yards, three barns, one stable, one pidgeon-house, one granary, eight acres of meadow, called Well-mead, alias Parsonage mead, one mead called the Vicarage-mead, containing three acres, and two other parcels of land, containing seven acres, called Quarrey-mead, and the Quarrey, and that the tenant of the parsonage was Stephen Arnold; that there was to the vicarge one house, with a little orchard, by estimation almost an acre, and a little garden plot, but that which was called the Vicarage-mead, the impropriator of the parsonage kept and used.
¶On the abolishing of deans and chapters, after the death of king Charles I. their lands were by the powers then in being, ordered to be sold, to supply the necessities of the state; previous to which a survey was made, in 1649, of this parsonage, by which it appeared, that there were here a house, outhouses, &c. one orchard, one garden, and one great yard, worth fix pounds per annum, and the tithes and other profits eightyeight pounds per annum; that the parsonage, with the house, glebe lands, tithes, profits, &c. was let by the dean and chapter of Canterbury, in 1638, to John Tucker, gent. of Egerton, excepting one parcel of land, called the Hatches, demised to Sir Francis Fane, late earl of Westmoreland, and the advowson of the vicarage, at the yearly rent of 23l. 6s. 8d. but were worth upon improvement, over and above the said sum, 85l. 14s. 3d. per annum; that the lessee was bound to repair the premises, and the chancel of the church, and likewife to pay twenty shillings for entertainment money. (fn. 7) And by another valuation, taken the next year, the vicarage was valued at twenty-four pounds yearly income. (fn. 8)
In the 19th year of the reign of king Charles II. anno 1667, in consequence of the king's letters of injunction, the dean and chapter of Canterbury augmented this vicarage with the yearly sum of forty pounds, the yearly income of it is now upwards of 270l. per annum.
The present lessee of the parsonage is Sir William Jarvis Twysden, bart.
JOINT BASE ELMENDORF-RICHARDSON, Alaska -- Parachute infantrymen assigned to U.S. Army Alaska's 4th Brigade Combat Team (Airborne) 25th Infantry Division begin testing as candidates for the Expert Infantryman Badge on Joint Base Elmendorf-Richardson, Monday, April 22, 2013. The Expert Infantryman Badge was approved by the Secretary of War on October 7, 1943, and is currently awarded to U.S. Army personnel who hold infantry or special forces military occupational specialties. (U.S. Air Force photo/Justin Connaher)
Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor), Watzuwei Nature Reserve, Taiwan
The Black-faced Spoonbill (Platalea minor) has the most restricted distribution of all spoonbills, and it is the only one regarded as endangered.
The Black-Faced Spoonbill population as of 2012 census was recorded at 2,693 birds, with an estimation of 1,600 mature birds.
Source: Wikipedia
©AVucha 2015
On September 21st at 7:04am, Woodstock Fire/Rescue District responded to the 8400 block of Crystal Springs Rd. for a fully involved excavator fire. Although fire crews were able to contain the fire quickly, several hot spots lingered for more than an hour. The landowner, who was not on scene at the time of the fire, had been using the excavator to tear down a residence. The cause of the fire is still under investigation. No injuries were reported and damage estimations were not available at this time.
This photograph is being made available only for personal use printing by the subject(s) of the photograph. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way and may not be used in commercial material, advertisements, emails, products, promotions without the expressed consent of Alex Vucha. For inquiries: avuchanewsphotos@hotmail.com
This image is excerpted from a U.S. GAO report:
www.gao.gov/products/GAO-17-640
INTERNATIONAL FOOD ASSISTANCE: Agencies Should Ensure Timely Documentation of Required Market Analyses and Assess Local Markets for Program Effects
The medium-format-film-based Great Wall camera uses this unique system for EXIF data capture. My exposure estimation card is only slightly slower than using a meter.
©AVucha 2015
No injuries were reported after a fire partially destroyed a Spring Grove home Sunday afternoon. The Spring Grove Fire Protection District was dispatched to 6316 Johnsburg Rd. at around 2:24pm for the report of smoke and flames coming from the barn style residence. According to officials, the homeowner had possibly fallen asleep while heating up cooking oil in his tool room. The neighbor was able to gain access to the residence and alerted all 3 occupants of the fire. By the time fire crews arrived the fire had spread throughout the first floor and caused extensive smoke damage to the entire residence. Chief Richard Tobiasz said the fire was under control within an hour leaving initial damage estimations around $100,000. Due to the lack of hydrants in the area, more than a dozen fire departments from Lake and McHenry counties, including Wisconsin responded to the scene. All the occupants made it out safely prior to the fire departments arrival.
This photograph is being made available only for personal use printing by the subject(s) of the photograph. The photograph may not be manipulated in any way and may not be used in commercial material, advertisements, emails, products, promotions without the expressed consent of Alex Vucha.
Today was the opening day for the Adobe MAX developer conference in Las Vegas, NV. The first General Session (of two) got off to a wild start with a presentation by The Blue Man Group. I first saw Blue Man Group in Boston, MA as an evening event for a sales meeting. It was a phenomenal experience, and I've since taken Marna (when they were at The Luxor in Las Vegas).
Much of the opening was a numbers game. Acrobat 8, Flash Lite on 100 million devices, Flex downloads hit 100 thousand, Flash technology turned ten (10) years old, and more. The Flash Player 9 was put at 40% adoption in three (3) months - the fastest adoption rate to date. Estimations were also made that there are approximately 200 million PDF documents on the web today.
The remainder of the general session presentations were geared towards HTML, Flash and PDF workflows.
After a rough start with a dead mouse, Greg Rewis got started in Fireworks 9 by showing pages, and then Photoshop cut-and-paste into Dreamweaver. Greg also showed Spry integration for Dreamweaver.
Mike Downey got into Photoshop palette docking and import into Flash. Steve Galinski animated a puppet in After Effects, got Flash Video cue-points and performed batch output to include device profiles. Mike and Steve also debuted Adobe Soundbooth; what will eventually be an easier entry point for audio editing.
On the RIA workflow side of things Sho Kuamoto revealed Flex Builder 2 for Mac beta. I've had fun giving the beta out from USB drives prior to the announcement (thanks to the Flex team). Next up Ben Forta with no time left blew the doors off the ColdFusion application wizard for Flex 2 and a sneak of CFIMAGE coming to Scorpio (code name for ColdFusion 8). Ben also showed PDF workflow with field recognition, PDF/Flex sync and more.
Ed Rowe start the drive home for the session by breaking out some Apollo applications. He walked through installation, local file IO, web services integration and a cool audio visualizer built in ActionScript 3. Then Ed switched over to a Mac to show how Apollo applications will be cross-platform. Debuting HTML renderering (with WebKit) inside an Apollo application, Ed showed Google Maps running inline with Flex application overlays. There was even seamless drag and drop between the two.
Making sure that the audience got the picture, Adobe's Chief Software Architect, Kevin Lynch showed a MySpace-developed chat client, and even placed a live web auction using an eBay-developed Apollo auction manager. Kevin showed a word processor written in Flex, deployed on Apollo from Virtual Ubiquity (code-named Nimbus), which is something I've known about for a while, but not been able to talk about. There was even an Internet TV desktop application code-named Philo that included custom branding and full-screen video.
Before getting into a new Jaguar (who's dashboard console is powered by Flash) and driving away, Kevin dropped what is probably the most significant news of the show so far. Adobe has set up a $100 million venture capital fund for applications developed with Adobe technologies, and with a specific emphasis on Apollo. This amazing contribution to RIA is going to drive some amazing innovation.