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© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
Un gros merci à ceux qui partagent leur découverte.
and simple physics demand for
I've been very curious how just a half of my old doubleanastigmat would render wideopen on 8x10. And even more, de-focussed on purpose.
It's a High Five
and a bye
I can't tell
I just did
I saw it,
I asked for the hand*
& click
I could tell a bit
but all those would be afterwards reasoning and explanations for myself
I do see them
and remember
but for the image
it's in the world
and that's what it is about in the first place
and it would be afterwards reasoning really
looking back I wonder
cause all I connect with it now
has not happened yet, back then
It's nice to work like that
especially with all that size
*it's impossible to do this alone. You're working with millimeters here.
___
Roidweek 2015.2 # day 3
Sinar P 8x10 / Polaroid 809, exp. '87
#ihsp #streetphotography #SPIcollective #Streets_storytelling #streetshared #streetlife_award #lacalleesnuestracolectivo #photostreet #streetdreamsmag #wearethestreet #fromstreetwithlove #friendsinstreets #photoobserve #thestreetphotographyhub #lensculture #streetshoot #streetsgrammer #Bestofstreet #capturestreets #hikaricreative #myfeatureshot #bmw_demand #eyeshotmag #streetphotographerscommunity #lensculture #street_vision #life_is_street #timeless_streets #streetleaks
The Eurofighter Typhoon is a European multinational twin-engine, canard delta wing, multirole fighter. The Typhoon was designed originally as an air superiority fighter[5] and is manufactured by a consortium of Airbus, BAE Systems and Leonardo that conducts the majority of the project through a joint holding company, Eurofighter Jagdflugzeug GmbH. The NATO Eurofighter and Tornado Management Agency, representing the UK, Germany, Italy and Spain, manages the project and is the prime customer.
The aircraft's development effectively began in 1983 with the Future European Fighter Aircraft programme, a multinational collaboration among the UK, Germany, France, Italy and Spain. Previously, Germany, Italy and the UK had jointly developed and deployed the Panavia Tornado combat aircraft and desired to collaborate on a new project, with additional participating EU nations. However disagreements over design authority and operational requirements led France to leave the consortium to develop the Dassault Rafale independently. A technology demonstration aircraft, the British Aerospace EAP, first flew on 6 August 1986; a Eurofighter prototype made its maiden flight on 27 March 1994. The aircraft's name, Typhoon, was adopted in September 1998 and the first production contracts were also signed that year.
The sudden end of the Cold War reduced European demand for fighter aircraft and led to debate over the aircraft's cost and work share and protracted the Typhoon's development: the Typhoon entered operational service in 2003 and is now in service with the air forces of Austria, Italy, Germany, the United Kingdom, Spain, Saudi Arabia and Oman. Kuwait and Qatar have also ordered the aircraft, bringing the procurement total to 623 aircraft as of 2019.
The Eurofighter Typhoon is a highly agile aircraft, designed to be an effective dogfighter in combat. Later production aircraft have been increasingly better equipped to undertake air-to-surface strike missions and to be compatible with an increasing number of different armaments and equipment, including Storm Shadow, Brimstone and Marte ER missiles. The Typhoon had its combat debut during the 2011 military intervention in Libya with the UK's Royal Air Force (RAF) and the Italian Air Force, performing aerial reconnaissance and ground-strike missions. The type has also taken primary responsibility for air-defence duties for the majority of customer nations.
A la demande de Mifafou, voici donc une photo de ma chatte ;-)
Bisou à tous et bonne soirée et semaine.
La galerie de Mifafou :
Demander pour utilisation merci - Ask for use thanks.
© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
(Woliwon)
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
Un gros merci à ceux qui partagent leur découverte.
26 February 2021: In the week to 22 February on average 2293 people tested positive each day in Belgium. The figure is up 23% on the week. In light of these deteriorating statistics the group of experts that advises the government stated that the present epidemiological situation does not allow for any relaxations during the next four weeks. I’m wondering what the latest say of the government will be. Will they be able to resist the mounting demand of pressure groups requesting immediate relaxation of the current measures? Me personally, I’m in full agreement with the experts: there is no leeway for relaxations in March. Since the figures started rising during the weekend, Ghent has reported the highest fourteen-day average for coronavirus infections out of all the major cities in Belgium. The symptoms with which patients present themselves at the hospital are generally more severe than in previous weeks. Additionally, patients are also deteriorating faster. Around half of the patients who tested positive for the virus in the hospital are requiring intensive care, and new hospital admissions are no longer mainly elderly people. According to a lung specialist at the University Hospital of Ghent, these symptoms are typical of the start of a new wave. Let’s hope for the best and prepare for the worse. Meanwhile, in between ongoing video conferences I’m finding joy in taking pictures in Ghent and surroundings and/or in curating images out of my archive. Today’s post is from the midst of this year’s winter snap, just over a week ago – Citadelpark, Ghent, Belgium.
Green is not my favourite colour but that's what it had so I made it a wide-angle shot.
Looking down to the Kurilpa Bridge - a bicycle and pedestrian bridge across the river from the city area to the art gallery and museum complex (on the right in this shot).
The under-construction skyscraper at 1 William Street (center left) will be the tallest in the city at 259.8 metres. The modern style office building is located in the Brisbane central business district in close proximity to Parliament House. The building is being developed for the Queensland Government as part of the government's plan for a renewed Government Administrative Precinct and to meet its accommodation demands. Construction cost of the tower is expected to be $538 million, with a total development cost of over $650 million. It is to be completed in September 2016. Very opulent inside apparently! Three base jumpers were recently spotted and arrested after climbing to the top of the tall crane and jumping from it one night.
Upon popular demand I've uploaded these two images from the FR: Hair Do's & Don'ts seminar. I hope that you all enjoyed the workshop. If you would like to receive a high resolution copy of the pdf file to print and follow how to do these hair dos...pls. feel free to request it via email or Flickrmail. Thanks also to my dear friend JennFL for the amazing photography, unconditional love and unyielding support!
Much dolly love!
F
Demander pour utilisation merci - Ask for use th anks.
© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
(Woliwon)
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
I did say in the last picture that it would be the last of the sequence. However by popular demand (well 2 anyway) here is another one. This one shows a wave which has hit the Harbour wall and is heading back in the other direction. I am reliably informed by a Kayaking friend, though no doubt experienced in calmer seas, that the turbulent water resulting from waves being pushed back is called clapotis. The official explanation is (A wave which hits a smooth vertical surface such as a harbour wall often bounces off without losing much energy. The lines of incoming waves and outgoing reflected waves make a pattern called clapotis. Where two wave lines intersect, the wave height nearly doubles and the adjoining trough is deeper than usual. Intersecting waves often break in a sharp peak.)
I took this at Newhaven during the peak of Storm Brian on Saturday 21 October. At this point the sky out to sea was really dark with an approaching shower while the sun was still shining near the shore making for perfect lighting. Taken from a safe position on shore with a lens at 210mm. The location is just west of the Newhaven Harbour wall breakwater and with a serious storm massive waves come in from the SW and hit the breakwater.
Storm Brian was strong enough with gusts of 60-70mph to bring down trees. Conditions for Photography were ideal. The peak of the storm came in the middle of the day combining at the same time with an exceptionally high Spring Tide. The weather was sun and showers with the main rain having gone through overnight so the light was good. The location I wanted at Newhaven on the South Coast also had the advantage of a wide and high shingle beach providing a safe location to take pictures even in a fierce storm. This is one of about 1000 pictures I took over about 2.5 hours. With spray going well inland and showers I used a waterproof cover for the camera though the lens needed frequent cleaning. I would estimate that there were a good 30 other photographers there
The picture was taken with a Sony A700 with a Minolta 75-300mm zoom at 210mm. Taken handheld (No chance of a steady tripod in those conditions). Processed first in Camera Raw and then in Topaz Denoise and then Topaz Adjust and Clarity for more detail. Mono conversion with Topaz B&W Effects
For my Photography books Understand Your Camera and Compose Better Pictures see My Author Page USA or My Author Page UK
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For Galleries, Prints and Licences see Edwin Jones Photography
in demand items .. and keep your distance ..
~ the ongoing Corona COVID-19 response - situation
~ here in the UK
~ 7388
Demander pour utilisation merci - Ask for use thanks.
© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
(Woliwon)
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
Un gros merci à ceux qui partagent leur découverte.
The demand was too much! After making 26 spaceships people are still asking for more!! So now I'm building special characters and numbers!!!
This was a super fun build because I didn't get to olive green in the first round of ships. I really liked playing with stickers again too!
Almost 10 years ago the Lego Star Wars fan site From Brick to Bothans ran the first alphabet starfighter contest. A little over a year ago, my 4 year old son and I started making our own alphabet starfighters inspired by that contest. As a thank you for all the support I've received and to celebrate finishing all 26 letters I'm having my own contest!
To enter all you have to do is build (out of Lego) OR draw your own original spaceship which has a design based on a letter of the alphabet. Post your design online and be sure to include the hashtag #abcstarfightercontest and my handle @davekaleta in the description. I will be reposting all the entries to my Instagram stories (with proper credit of course!) The contest will run from March 18th to May 9th.
Ten random entires will receive a free 1st edition poster of all 26 ships (approximate size 18" x 24") signed and numbered to 100. Additionally, a judging panel made up of my wife, my son and myself will pick the three entries we like best to also receive a free poster. You will need to provide a shipping address in order to be eligible to receive the prize.
Happy creating!
P.S. Teachers (like me) who are looking for ideas are welcome to submit the designs of their students!
The supply and demand never ends. It just passes from hand to hand in a never ending cycle.
- Tel Aviv, Israel (May 2017)
Desire,demand,dream and destination of all of us unique like a new day, Every person starts each day newly hoping something fresh forgetting their previous day similar with new sunrise.
“There is nothing noble in being superior to your fellow man; true nobility is being superior to your former self.” ― Ernest Hemingway
To me, true growth is letting who you used to be fade away while nurturing something new from the ashes. One of our greatest gifts is the ability to change. So many run away from it. So many would see their former self getting buried under the weight of newness and dig her out to save the remnants of someone who needs to be let go. We remain stagnant when we do this. We remain a version of ourselves that simply cannot keep up with the demands of fulfillment. Let that person die. Let that person die a thousand deaths in favor of growth and bliss. Our greatest future depends on our ability to water the seeds that our past has let loose. New life cannot grow if we won't nurture it.
Day 20 of my December self-portrait challenge.
to demand the credentials of all statements that claim to be facts :-)
Bergan Evans
Chinese tree peony, 'Sea of Tranquility', sarah p duke gardens, duke university, durham, north carolina
© ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
None of my images may be downloaded, copied, reproduced, manipulated or used on websites, blogs or other media without my explicit written permission.
no flickriver badge-, no tumbnails of You`r photos- and no begging for visits or comments, please (my photo...would you please...would You consider...please consider...I need...). I perceive this rude and unwelcome.
In my opinion comments or awards should honour striking good photography and should be given by choice.
Comments or awards given only for courtesy, -in return or on demand are quite worthless.
Leonardo da Vinci: Half-Figure of an Apostle (ca. 1494 - 1496)
Metalpoint, pen and brown ink on blue prepared paper
ALBERTINA, Vienna
"It was presumably in connection with his famous Last Supper at the convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie that Leonardo created this apostle, though he does not appear there in this form. Rage is reflected in the apostle's face as he bunches his robe together before his breast as if to protect himself against Christ's accusatory words, "Truly, truly, I say to you that one of you will betray me" (John 13:21). At the same time, his furiously raised index finger makes it seem as if he wants to demand the culprit's punishment..." (information text in the museum).
Currently at the exhibition "Leonardo - Dürer. Renaissance Master Drawings on Colored Ground" in the ALBERTINA
Coming up beyond belief
On this coronary thief
More than just a white motif
More chaotic, no relief
I'll describe the way I feel
Weeping wounds that never heal
Can the savior be for real
Or are you just my seventh seal?
No hesitation, no delay
You come on just like special K
Just like I swallowed half my stash
I never ever want to crash
No hesitation, no delay
You come on just like special K
Now you're back with dope demand
I'm on sinking sand
Gravity
No escaping gravity
Gravity
No escaping... not for free
I fall down... hit the ground
Make a heavy sound
Every time you seem to come around
I'll describe the way I feel
You're my new Achilles heel
Can this savior be for real
Or are you just my seventh seal?
No hesitation, no delay
You come on just like special K
Just like I swallowed half my stash
I never ever want to crash
No hesitation, no delay
You come on just like special K
Now you're back with dope demand
I'm on sinking sand
Gravity
No escaping gravity
Gravity
No escaping... not for free
I fall down... hit the ground
Make a heavy sound
Every time you seem to come around
No escaping gravity
Rencontres de Noël:
- Alors, vous préparez le réveillon? demande le vacataire qui m'est affecté au vaccinodrome de Toulouse ce lundi 27 décembre au soir alors que le bourdonnement de cette immense ruche où des centaines de professionnels, parfois bénévoles et souvent jeunes accueillent les candidats au vaccin (qui nous décevra beaucoup par son incapacité à nous protéger tant du Covid que de la transmission du virus…), le bourdonnement donc s'est calmé dans l'attente des doses de Moderna et Pfizer.
- Je suis prêtre et nous sommes, comme vous, mobilisés durant les fêtes alors nous ne préparons pas de Réveillon sauf si nous pouvons en organiser un pour des personnes pauvres ou isolées.
Ainsi hier, jour de Noël, je suis aller prier auprès d'une défunte à la demande de ses enfants avant de rendre une longue visite à une personne en longue maladie qui unit ses souffrances à celles du Christ crucifié.
- Je compris plus tard que mon interlocuteur avait déjà repéré à mon col et ma croix qu'il accueillait un prêtre et que sa question sur le Réveillon n'était qu'un prélude à ce qu'il allait me confier ensuite.
C'est ma troisième visite en ce lieu, toujours à la nuit tombée et l'impeccable organisation permet une belle fluidité du mouvement à travers les huit étapes du processus vaccinal depuis le premier accueil jusqu'à la sortie après les 15 minutes d'observations qui suivent la vaccination proprement dite.
Un autre mérite de cette organisation réside dans l'accueil qui nous est réservé à chaque étape: professionnel et souriant. Avec le charme additionnel des nombreux jeunes gens et jeunes filles mobilisés.
Est-ce un bénéfice additionnel de cette organisation anti-stress ou l'apanage de mes visites en fin de journées qui m'ont permis à chaque fois d'avoir de belles rencontres avec les accueillants heureux de converser avec un prêtre?
- Ce vieux pompier volontaire qui me piqua la première fois, après 21 heure alors qu'il avait une heure de route à faire pour rentrer chez lui à Saint Gaudens.
- Ce jeune professionnel africain, à ma deuxième visite, avec qui nous avons pu parler de son éducation chrétienne au Burundi et de son concitoyen et aumônier, notre ami le P. Jean.
- Et ce soir de Noël, cet homme de ma troisième dose, qui me confiait sa fierté d'être allé à la messe de la nuit de Noël, à Saint-Lizier, en compagnie de ses belles-filles de 10 et 14 ans et du père de ces dernières:
- Cela faisait des années que je n'étais plus allé à la messe.
- Qu'est-ce qui vous y a poussé?
- Je ne sais pas… Mais le plus beau est d'avoir réussi à convaincre mes belles-filles de venir.
- Leu mère y était aussi?
- Non, c'est leur père qui voulait mais elles ne voulaient pas au début. Et c'est moi, le compagnon de leur mère, non pratiquant, qui les ai convaincus de venir voir ce que c'est que la messe.
- Elles n'ont pas fait de catéchisme?
- Non et pourtant, finalement, elles ont voulu absolument venir.
- Et elles étaient contentes à la sortie?
- Oui, et j'espère surtout qu'il va se passer quelque chose pour elles.
- Qu'elle rencontrent Dieu, expérimentent l'amour du Christ?
- Oui, c'est ça.
À la sortie, un pompier volontaire repérant que je suis prêtre me parle de son bonheur d'avoir pris en blablacar pour un long trajet jusqu'à Paris, un prêtre pompier volontaire lui-aussi, le P. Moïse Kaboré, ancien curé de Castanet près Toulouse et ancien curé et pompier à Saint-Céré, dans mon diocèse de Cahors.
3 doses, 4 rencontres chaleureuses qui sont autant de motifs d'action de grâce et de confirmation de cette certitude qui a grandi en moi: ces rencontres d'ici-bas qui sont les vraies richesse de nos vies sont un préludes aux rencontres de là-haut, avec nos frères et sœurs, concitoyens du Ciel.
DSCF1391 Lalande2021
Demander pour utilisation merci - Ask for use thanks.
© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
Un gros merci à ceux qui partagent leur découverte.
Good morning. Well, by popular demand it's back to hummingbird photos this morning of my little feathered friend here, which I was fortunate to be able to photograph over a three day period. But sadly she is now gone for the season, as she as well as all the other hummingbirds in the area have headed south as a result of the first spell of cool fall weather. Hopefully she'll return safe and sound next spring/summer as I was truly enchanted by her antics. And truly blessed by her delicate beauty and for her allowing me to be part of her world for those three days.
And all are best viewed in the large size.
Take care...and I hope everyone has a great day and upcoming weekend.
Lacey
ISO200, aperture f/5.8, exposure .004 seconds (1/250) focal length 300mm
Demander pour utilisation merci - Ask for use thanks.
© Michel Guérin. Tous droits réservés - All rights reserved ©.
Merci beaucoup pour vos visites et commentaires ♥, thank you so much for the visit and kind comments.
Un gros merci à ceux qui partagent leur découverte.
www.greenme.it/animali/animali-selvatici/arrestato-capita...
www.mesopinions.com/petition/nature-environnement/emmanue...
"What we are about to tell you is a very serious and absolutely unjust fact that leaves all those who care about justice and the protection of our planet stunned and indignant. In Greenland, while stopping to refuel his boat, Captain Paul Watson, 73, was handcuffed, arrested and taken away by Danish police.
We are talking about a man who dedicated his life to safeguarding the oceans and whales who now risks prison and extradition to Japan, the country that requested his arrest.
Paul Watson is a Canadian activist and environmentalist, known for founding and chairing the Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, an organization dedicated to the protection and conservation of marine resources and ocean wildlife."
"Quanto vi stiamo per raccontare è un fatto gravissimo e assolutamente ingiusto che lascia basiti e indignati tutti coloro che hanno a cuore la giustizia e la protezione del nostro Pianeta. In Groenlandia, mentre si fermava per fare rifornimento alla sua imbarcazione, il capitano Paul Watson, 73 anni, è stato ammanettato, arrestato e portato via dalla polizia danese.
Parliamo di un uomo che ha dedicato la sua vita alla salvaguardia degli oceani e delle balene che ora rischia il carcere e l’estradizione in Giappone, il Paese che ha chiesto il suo arresto.
Paul Watson è un attivista e ambientalista canadese, noto per aver fondato e presieduto la Sea Shepherd Conservation Society, un’organizzazione dedicata alla protezione e alla conservazione delle risorse marine e della fauna oceanica."
Bing Image Creator
Raindeers are more and more common in my garden/backyard as the years go by. They are beautiful animals and I don't mind them eating from my plants.
This roebuck felt a little bit tired and wanted some rest. Enjoy, my friend.
It's of course a great stress moment when I as an analog photographer encounter scenes that demand quick actions. This time I was lucky and found a battery that still was charged.
The images were shot with Canon EOS 5D MkIII + Canon Canon EF 400mm f/5.6L USM. No image stabilizer on this one, so crank up the iso and chose your shutter speeed accordingly :-)
Friendship & Vision emanate at Founders Corner...
Life-size bronze sculptures were unveiled earlier today of Mr Alan Bond and Mr Harunori Takahashi, who shared a vision which became reality... that of Bond University.
Alan Bond, 1987:
'The establishment of Bond University will herald innovation. It will be a practical University. Bond University will set new standards in excellence for other institutions to copy and follow.
'It will be bold and pioneering, resourceful and determined. Its graduates will have demonstrated they are hard workers and will be in demand around the world.
'Bond University will always look and plan for the future - a future where Australia is a partner in business ventures and joint developments throughout the global village.
'Bond University is now in place. Vision has become reality. The way is now - ahead.'
Harunori Takahashi, 1987:
'We are able to join with Australia in the project of Bond University with the highest aspirations and motivation to set new standards of achievement.
'Bond University will offer education in a specialised way to Australia and to other countries, enabling its students to take their place in a world of rapid technological change and equip them to Take advantage of technology to reach out and achieve new goals and new horizons.
'We are honoured to be a partner in a venture which marks an historic new milestone in Japanese-Australian friendship and co-operation.'
Ybor City is a historic neighborhood just northeast of downtown Tampa, Florida, United States. It was founded in the 1880s by Vicente Martinez-Ybor and other cigar manufacturers and populated by thousands of immigrants, mainly from Cuba, Spain, and Italy. For the next 50 years, workers in Ybor City's cigar factories rolled hundreds of millions of cigars annually.
Ybor City was unique in the American South as a successful town almost entirely populated and owned by immigrants. The neighborhood had features unusual among contemporary communities in the south, most notably its multiethnic and multiracial population and their many mutual aid societies. The cigar industry employed thousands of well-paid workers, helping Tampa grow from an economically depressed village to a bustling city in about 20 years and giving it the nickname "Cigar City".
Ybor City grew and flourished from the 1890s until the Great Depression of the 1930s, when a drop in demand for fine cigars reduced the number of cigar factories and mechanization in the cigar industry greatly reduced employment opportunities in the neighborhood. This process accelerated after World War II, and a steady exodus of residents and businesses continued until large areas of the formerly vibrant neighborhood were virtually abandoned by the late 1970s. Attempts at redevelopment failed until the 1980s, when an influx of artists began a slow process of gentrification. In the 1990s and early 2000s, a portion of the original neighborhood around 7th Avenue developed into a nightclub and entertainment district, and many old buildings were renovated for new uses. Since then, the area's economy has diversified with more offices and residences, and the population has shown notable growth for the first time in over half a century.
Ybor City has been designated as a National Historic Landmark District, and several structures in the area are listed in the National Register of Historic Places. In 2008, 7th Avenue, Ybor City's main commercial thoroughfare, was recognized as one of the "10 Great Streets in America" by the American Planning Association. In 2010 Columbia Restaurant was named a "Top 50 All-American icon" by Nation's Restaurant News magazine.
In the early 1880s, Tampa was an isolated village with a population of less than 1000 and a struggling economy. However, its combination of a good port, Henry Plant's new railroad line, and humid climate attracted the attention of Vicente Martinez Ybor, a prominent Spanish cigar manufacturer.
Ybor had moved his cigar-making operation from Cuba to Key West, Florida, in 1869, due to political turmoil in the then-Spanish colony. But, labor unrest and the lack of room for expansion had him looking for another base of operations, preferably in his own company town.
Ybor considered several communities in the southern United States and decided that an area of sandy scrubland just northeast of Tampa would be the best location. In 1885, the Tampa Board of Trade helped broker an initial purchase of 40 acres (160,000 m2) of land, and Ybor quickly bought more. However, Ybor City very nearly didn't happen at all. Vicente Ybor initially failed to come to an agreement with the owner of the 40 acre parcel. The Tampa Board of Trade was horrified to find that the purchase had failed and hatched a plan to get the buyer and seller back together. Vicente Ybor was sitting in the train station on his way to Jacksonville to look at more property when the Board of Trade (a group of five, one of whom was Frederick Salomonson, future 3-time mayor of Tampa) arrived and persuaded Ybor to reconsider and the deal went forward from there, the birth of Ybor City.
Italians were also among the early settlers of Ybor City. Most of them came from a few villages in southwestern Sicily. The villages were Santo Stefano Quisquina, Alessandria della Rocca, Bivona, Cianciana, and Contessa Entellina. Sixty percent of them came from Santo Stefano Quisquina. Before settling in Ybor City, many first worked in the sugar cane plantations in St. Cloud, central Florida. Some came by way of Louisiana. A number of families migrated from New Orleans after the lynching of eleven Italians in 1891 during the "Mafia Riot". Italians mostly brought their entire families with them, unlike other immigrants. The foreign-born Italian population of Tampa grew from 56 in 1890 to 2,684 in 1940. Once arriving in Ybor City, Italians settled mainly in the eastern and southern fringes of the city. The area was referred to as La Pachata, after a Cuban rent collector in that area. It was also called "Little Italy".
In 1887, Tampa annexed the neighborhood. By 1900, the rough frontier settlement of wooden buildings and sandy streets had been transformed into a bustling town with brick buildings and streets, a streetcar line, and many social and cultural opportunities. Largely due to the growth of Ybor City, Tampa's population had jumped to almost 16,000.
Ybor City grew and prospered during the first decades of the 20th Century. Thousands of residents built a community that combined Cuban, Spanish, Italian, and Jewish culture. "Ybor City is Tampa's Spanish India," observed a visitor to the area, "What a colorful, screaming, shrill, and turbulent world."
Circulo Cubano de Tampa, one of Ybor City's social clubs
An aspect of life were the mutual aid societies built and sustained mainly by ordinary citizens. These clubs were founded in Ybor's early days (the first was the Centro Español, established in 1891) and were run on dues collected from their members, usually 5% of a member's salary. In exchange, members and their whole family received services including free libraries, educational programs, sports teams, restaurants, numerous social functions like dances and picnics, and free medical services. Beyond the services, these clubs served as extended families and communal gathering places for generations of Ybor's citizens.
There were clubs for each ethnic division in the community – the Deutscher-Americaner Club (for German and eastern Europeans), L'Unione Italiana (for Italians), El Circulo Cubano (for light-skinned Cubans), La Union Marti-Maceo (for darker-skinned Cubans), El Centro Español (for Spaniards), and the largest, El Centro Asturiano, which accepted members from any ethnic group[20]
Although there was little racism in Ybor City, Tampa's Jim Crow laws at the time forbade Afro-Cubans from belonging to the same social organization as their lighter-skinned countrymen. Sometimes, differences in skin color within the same family made joining the same Cuban club impossible. In general, the rivalries between all the clubs were friendly, and families were known to switch affiliations depending on which one offered preferred services and events.
Cigar production reached its peak in 1929, when 500 million cigars were rolled in the factories of Ybor City. Not coincidentally, that was also the year that the Great Depression began.
In the early 1980s, an influx of artists seeking interesting and inexpensive studio quarters started a slow recovery, followed by a period of commercial gentrification. By the early 1990s, many of the old long-empty brick buildings on 7th Avenue had been converted into bars, restaurants, nightclubs, and other nightlife attractions.Traffic grew so much that the city built parking garages and closed 7th Ave. to traffic to deal with the visitors.
Cigar making display, Ybor City Museum State Park
Since around 2000, the city of Tampa and the Ybor City Chamber of Commerce have encouraged a broader emphasis in development. With financial help from the city, Centro Ybor, a family-oriented shopping complex and movie theater, opened in the former home of the Centro Español social club.
The Florida Brewing Company building was restored into a commercial building in 2001. New apartments, condominiums and a hotel have been built on long-vacant lots, and old buildings have been restored and converted into residences and hotels. New residents began moving into Ybor City for the first time in many years. The blocks surrounding 7th Avenue also thrive with restaurants, nightlife and shopping. Reflecting the district's status as a party destination, Ybor City is referenced extensively in the lyrics of Brooklyn-based rock band The Hold Steady. The song "Killer Parties", for instance, contains the line "Ybor City is très speedy, but they throw such killer parties." In May 2009 Swedish super-retailer IKEA opened its long-awaited Tampa location in the southern edge of Ybor City.
The local museum is the Ybor City Museum State Park in the former Ferlita Bakery building (originally La Joven Francesca) building on 9th Avenue. Tours of the gardens and the "casitas" (small homes of cigar company workers) are provided by a ranger. Exhibits, period photos and a video cover the founding of Ybor City and the cigar making industry.
Credit for the data above is given to the following website:
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ybor_City
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