ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

JSC2000-E-02740 PIA02718 (For Release: 18 February 2000) --- This perspective view shows the western part of the city of Pasadena, California, looking north towards the San Gabriel Mountains. Portions of the cities of Altadena and La Canada-Flintridge are also shown. The image was created from three datasets: the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) supplied the elevation data; Landsat data from November 11, 1986 provided the land surface color (not the sky) and U. S. Geological Survey digital aerial photography provides the image detail. The Rose Bowl, surrounded by a golf course, is the circular feature at the bottom center of the image. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the cluster of large buildings north of the Rose Bowl at the base of the mountains. A large landfill, Scholl Canyon, is the smooth area in the lower left corner of the scene. This image shows the power of combining data from different sources to create planning tools to study problems that affect large urban areas. In addition to the well-known earthquake hazards, Southern California is affected by a natural cycle of fire and mudflows. Wildfires strip the mountains of vegetation, increasing the hazards from flooding and mudflows for several years afterwards. Data such as that shown on this image can be used to predict both how wildfires will spread over the terrain and also how mudflows will be channeled down the canyons. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 5.8 km (3.6 miles) x 10 km (6.2 miles) Location: 34.16 deg. North lat., 118.16 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking North Data Resolution: 30 m, no vertical exaggeration Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02741 PIA02719 (Release Date: 18 February 2000) --- When scientists first looked at this image, at least one was heard to mutter, "From the desert to the mountains to the sea." This image shows in striking detail the varied topography of Southern California. The data, which cover an area one and a half times the size of New Jersey, were acquired in 15 seconds by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The large V-shape across the center of the image is the intersection of the mountains uplifted along two major faults. The San Andreas Fault is the lower part of the "V" and the Garlock Fault is the upper part. Between the faults is the western Mojave Desert, including the alternate landing site for the Shuttle at Edwards Air Force Base, near the center of the image. The Pacific Coast appears in the lower left of the image, from Oxnard at the left center edge, curving southeast to Los Angeles. The flat blue area along the top is the southern end of California's Central Valley. Along the right edge of the image is NASA's Goldstone Deep Space Tracking Station. Scientists will use data like these to study a broad range of topics, including ecology, the environment, geology, as well as to make assessments of seismic, flood, and wildfire hazards. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 3000 meters (10,000 feet) of total relief. White speckles on the face of some of the mountains are holes in the data caused by steep terrain. These will be filled using coverage from an intersecting pass. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 250 km (155 miles) x 150 km (93 miles) Location: 34.8 deg. North lat., 118.0 deg. West lon. Orientation: North at top Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02779 PIA02731 (Release Date: 21 February 2000) --- This anaglyph is a perspective view that shows the western part of the city of Pasadena, California, looking north toward the San Gabriel Mountains. Red-blue glasses are required to see the 3-D effect. Portions of the cities of Altadena and La Canada-Flintridge are also shown. The image was created from two datasets: The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) supplied the elevation data and U. S. Geological Survey digital aerial photography provided the image detail. The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is the cluster of large buildings left of center at the base of the mountains. This image shows the power of combining data from different sources to create planning tools to study problems that affect large urban areas. In addition to the well-known earthquake hazards, Southern California is affected by a natural cycle of fire and mudflows. Wildfires can strip the mountains of vegetation, increasing the hazards from flooding and mudflows. Data shown in this image can be used to predict both how wildfires spread over the terrain and how mudflows are channeled down the canyons. This anaglyph was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to create two differing perspectives of a single image - one perspective for each eye. Each point in the image is shifted slightly, depending on its elevation. When viewed through special glasses, the result is a view of the Earth's surface in its full three dimensions. Anaglyph glasses cover the left eye with a red filter and cover the right eye with a blue filter. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 5.8 km (3.6 miles) x 10 km (6.2 miles) Location: 34.16 deg. North lat., 118.16 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking North Original Data Resolution: SRTM, 30 m; aerial photo, 3 m; no vertical exaggeration Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02517 PIA#02700 (14 February 2000) --- Rio Sao Francisco, Brazil. This topographic image acquired by SRTM shows an area south of the Sao Francisco River in Brazil. The scrub forest terrain shows relief of about 400 meters (1300 feet). Areas such as these are difficult to map by traditional methods because of frequent cloud cover and local inaccessibility. This region has little topographic relief, but even subtle changes in topography have far-reaching effects on regional ecosystems. The image covers an area of 57 km x 79 km and represents one quarter of the 225 km SRTM swath. Colors range from dark blue at water level to white and brown at hill tops. The terrain features that are clearly visible in this image include tributaries of the Sao Francisco, the dark-blue branch-like features visible from top right to bottom left, and on the left edge of the image, and hills rising up from the valley floor. The Sao Francisco River is a major source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Mapping such regions will allow scientists to better understand the relationships between flooding cycles, forestation and human influences on ecosystems. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Shaded relief maps are commonly used in applications such as geologic mapping and land use planning. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 57 kilometers (35 miles) left-right, 79 kilometers (49 miles) Location: 9.7 deg. S lat., 39.9 deg. W lon. Orientation: North to upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet)

JSC2000-E-02654 PIA02712 (FOR RELEASE: 17 February 2000) --- This topographic image vividly displays California's famous San Andreas Fault along the southwestern edge of the Mojave Desert, 75 kilometers (46 miles) north of downtown Los Angeles. The entire segment of the fault shown in this image last ruptured during the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. This was one of the greatest earthquakes ever recorded in the U.S., and it left an amazing surface rupture scar over 350 kilometers in length along the San Andreas. Were the Fort Tejon shock to happen today, the damage would run into billions of dollars, scientist estimate, and the loss of life would likely be substantial, as the communities of Wrightwood, Palmdale, and Lancaster (among others) all lie upon or near the 1857 rupture area. The San Gabriel Mountains fill the lower left half of the image. At the extreme lower left is Pasadena. High resolution topographic data such as these are used by geologists to study the role of active tectonics in shaping the landscape, and to produce earthquake hazard maps. This image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from pink through blue back to pink) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters, or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 2400 meters (8000 feet) of total relief. For the shading, a computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. Shaded relief maps are commonly used in applications such as geologic mapping and land use planning. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 144 km (90 miles) x 52 km (32 miles) Location: 34.5 deg. North lat., 118.3 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02767 PIA02728 (Release Date: 20 February 2000) ---- Honolulu, on the island of Oahu, is a large and growing urban area with limited space and water resources. This anaglyph, combining a Landsat image with SRTM topography, shows how the topography controls the urban growth pattern, causes cloud formation, and directs the rainfall runoff pattern. Red/blue glasses are required to see the 3-D effect. Features of interest in this scene include Diamond Head (an extinct volcano on the right side of the image), Waikiki Beach (just left of Diamond Head), the Punchbowl National Cemetery (another extinct volcano, left of center), downtown Honolulu and Honolulu harbor (lower left of center), and offshore reef patterns. The slopes of the Koolau mountain range are seen in the upper half of the image. Clouds commonly hang above ridges and peaks of the Hawaiian Islands, and in this rendition appear draped directly on the mountains. The clouds are actually about 1000 meters (3300 feet) above sea level. High resolution topographic and image data allow ecologists and planners to assess the effects of urban development on the sensitive ecosystems in tropical regions. This anaglyph was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission, combined with a Landsat 7 satellite image collected coincident with the SRTM mission. The topography data are used to create two differing perspectives of a single image, one perspective for each eye. Each point in the image is shifted slightly, depending on its elevation. When viewed through special glasses, the result is a vertically exaggerated view of the Earth's surface in its full three dimensions. Anaglyph glasses cover the left eye with a red filter and cover the right eye with a blue filter. The United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided the Landsat data. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 18 by 28 kilometers (11 by 17 miles) Location: 21.3 deg. North lat., 157.9 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper left Data Resolution: SRTM, 30 meters (99 feet); Landsat, 15 meters (50 feet) Date Acquired: SRTM, February 18, 2000; Landsat February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02523 PIA#02705 (Release Date: 15 February 2000) ---- This radar image is the first to show the full 240-kilometer-wide (150 mile) swath collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The area shown is in the state of Bahia in Brazil. The semi-circular mountains along the left side of the image are the Serra Da Jacobin, which rise to 1100 meters (3600 feet) above sea level. The total relief shown is approximately 800 meters (2600 feet). The top part of the image is the Sertao, a semi-arid region, that is subject to severe droughts during El Nino events. A small portion of the Sao Francisco River, the longest river (1609 kilometers or 1000 miles) entirely within Brazil, cuts across the upper right corner of the image. This river is a major source of water for irrigation and hydroelectric power. Mapping such regions will allow scientists to better understand the relationships between flooding cycles, drought and human influences on ecosystems. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. The three dark vertical stripes show the boundaries where four segments of the swath are merged to form the full scanned swath. These will be removed in later processing. Colors range from green at the lowest elevations to reddish at the highest elevations. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 240 km (150 miles) x 160 km (100 miles) Location: 9.83 deg. South lat., 39.5 deg. West lon. Orientation: North to Upper Right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 14, 2000. Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02755 PIA02725 (Release Date: 19 February 2000) --- This radar image includes the city of Salalah, the second largest city in Oman. It illustrates how topography determines local climate and, in turn, where people live. This area on the southern coast of the Arabian Peninsula is characterized by a narrow coastal plain (bottom) facing southward into the Arabian Sea, backed by the steep escarpment of the Qara Mountains. The backslope of the Qara Mountains slopes gently into the vast desert of the Empty Quarter (at top). This area is subject to strong monsoonal storms from the Arabian Sea during the summer, when the mountains are enveloped in a sort of perpetual fog. The moisture from the monsoon enables agriculture on the Salalah plain, and also provides moisture for Frankincense trees growing on the desert (north) side of the mountains. In ancient times, incense derived from the sap of the Frankincense tree was the basis for an extremely lucrative trade. Radar and topographic data are used by historians and archaeologists to discover ancient trade routes and other significant ruins. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from green at the lowest elevations to brown at the highest elevations. This image contains about 1070 meters (3500 feet) of total relief. White speckles on the face of some of the mountains are holes in the data caused by steep terrain. These will be filled using coverage from an intersecting pass. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 56 by 50 kilometers (35 by 32 miles) Location: 54 deg. North lat., 17.0 deg. East lon. Orientation: North at top Date Acquired: February 15, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02655 PIA2713 (FOR RELEASE: 17 February 2000)--- This topographic radar image shows the relationships of the dense urban development of Los Angeles and the natural contours of the land. The image includes the Pacific Ocean on the left, the flat Los Angeles Basin across the center, and the steep ranges of the Santa Monica and Verdugo mountains along the top. The two dark strips near the coast at lower left are the runways of Los Angeles International Airport. Downtown Los Angeles is the bright yellow and pink area at lower center. Pasadena, including the Rose Bowl, are seen half way down the right edge of the image. The communities of Glendale and Burbank, including the Burbank Airport, are seen at the center of the top edge of the image. Hazards from earthquakes, floods and fires are intimately related to the topography in this area. Topographic data and other remote sensing images provide valuable information for assessing and mitigating the natural hazards for cities such as Los Angeles. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from pink through blue back to pink) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters, or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 2400 meters (8000 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 41 km (25 miles) x 29 km (18 miles) Location: 34.1 deg. North lat., 118.3 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02656 PIA02714 (For Release: 17 February 2000) --- This topographic radar image vividly displays California's famous San Andreas Fault along the southwestern edge of the Mojave Desert, 75 kilometers (46 miles) north of downtown Los Angeles. The entire segment of the fault shown in this image last ruptured during the Fort Tejon earthquake of 1857. This was one of the greatest earthquakes ever recorded in the U.S., and it left an amazing surface rupture scar over 350 kilometers in length along the San Andreas. Were the Fort Tejon shock to happen today, scientists say the damage would run into billions of dollars, and the loss of life would likely be substantial, as the communities of Wrightwood, Palmdale, and Lancaster (among others) all lie upon or near the 1857 rupture area. The Lancaster/Palmdale area appears as bright patches just below the center of the image and the San Gabriel Mountains fill the lower left half of the image. At the extreme lower left is Pasadena. High resolution topographic data such as these are used by geologists to study the role of active tectonics in shaping the landscape, and to produce earthquake hazard maps. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from pink through blue back to pink) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters, or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 2400 meters (8000 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 144 km (90 miles) x 52 km (32 miles) Location: 34.5 deg. North lat., 118.3 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02524 PIA02706 (Release Date: February 15, 2000) --- Located north of the Swartberg Mountains in South Africa's Northern Cape Province, this topographic image shows a portion of the Great Karoo region. Karoo is an indigenous word for "dry thirst land." The semi-arid area is known for its unique variety of flora and fauna. The topography of the area, with a total relief of 200 meters (650 feet), reveals much about the geologic history of the area. The linear features seen in the image are near-vertical walls of once-molten rock, or dikes, that have intruded the bedrock. The dikes are more resistant to weathering and, therefore, form the linear wall-like features seen in the image. In relatively flat arid areas such as this, small changes in the topography can have large impacts on the water resources and the local ecosystem. These data can be used by biologists to study the distribution and range of the different plants and animals. Geologists can also use the data to study the geologic history of this area in more detail. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from green at the lowest elevations to reddish at the highest elevations. Shaded relief maps are commonly used in applications such as geologic mapping and land use planning. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 67 km (41.6 miles) x 56 km (34.7 miles) Location: 31.7 deg. South lat., 21.5 deg. West lon. Orientation: North to upper right Data Resolution: 30 m Date Acquired: February 13, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02781 PIA02733 (Release Date: 21 February 2000) --- San Andreas Fault, Palmdale, California. The prominent linear feature straight down the center of this perspective view is the San Andreas Fault. This segment of the fault lies near the city of Palmdale, California (the flat area in the right half of the image) about 60 kilometers (37 miles) north of Los Angeles. The fault is the active tectonic boundary between the North American Plate on the right and the Pacific Plate on the left. Relative to each other, the Pacific plate is moving away from the viewer and the North American Plate is moving toward the viewer along what geologists call a right lateral strike-slip fault. Two large mountain ranges are visible, the San Gabriel Mountains on the left and the Tehachapi Mountains in the upper right. The Lake Palmdale Reservoir, approximately 1.5 kilometers (0.9 miles) across, sits in the topographic depression created by past movement along the fault. Highway 14 is the prominent linear feature starting at the lower left edge of the image and continuing along the far side of the reservoir. The patterns of residential and agricultural development around Palmdale are seen in the Landsat imagery in the right half of the image. SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists studying fault dynamics and landforms resulting from active tectonics. This type of display adds the important dimension of elevation to the study of land use and environmental processes as observed in satellite images. The perspective view was created by draping a Landsat satellite image over an SRTM elevation model. Topography is exaggerated 1.5 times vertically. The Landsat image was provided by the United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. This image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: Varies in a perspective view Location: 34.58 deg. North lat., 118.13 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking Northwest Original Data Resolution: SRTM and Landsat: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-2768 PIA02729 (Release Date: 20 February 2000) --- This perspective view of Patagonia, Argentina shows a spectacular landscape formed by volcanoes, glaciers and rivers. The area is located just east of the narrow range of the Andes Mountains, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) east of the border with Chile. Interesting features include basalt-capped mesas (top) and young volcanic cones (left foreground). Geologists will use SRTM topographic data to study the interaction of volcanic, climatic and erosion processes. This shaded relief perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 1100 meters (3600 feet) of total relief. To emphasize subtle differences in topography, the relief is exaggerated by a factor of 5. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 70 km (43 miles) x 70 km (43 miles) Location: 41 deg. South lat., 69 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking South Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 19, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02519 PIA#02702 (14 February 2000) 3-D perspective of Saint Pierre and Miquelon Islands --- This image shows two islands, Miquelon and Saint Pierre, located south of Newfoundland, Canada. These islands, along with five smaller islands, are a self-governing territory of France. A thin barrier beach divides Miquelon, with Grande Miquelon to the north and Petite Miquelon to the south. Saint Pierre Island is located to the lower right. With the islands' location in the north Atlantic Ocean and their deep water ports, fishing is the major part of the economy. The maximum elevation of the island is 240 meters (787 feet). The land mass of the islands is about 242 square kilometers, or 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC. This image shows how data collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) can be used to enhance other satellite images. Color and natural shading are provided by a Landsat 7 image acquired on September 1, 1999. Terrain perspective and shading were derived from SRTM elevation data acquired on February 12, 2000. Topography is exaggerated by about six times vertically. The United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided the Landsat data. This image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas, and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 34 km (21 miles) by 44 km (27 miles) Location: 46.8 deg. North lat., 56.3 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking east Data Resolution: 30 m Date Acquired: February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02782 PIA02734 (Release Date 21 February 2000) --- This image shows a perspective view of the area around Pasadena, California, just north of Los Angeles. The cluster of hills surrounded by freeways on the left is the Verdugo Hills, which lie between the San Gabriel Valley in the foreground and the San Fernando Valley in the upper left. The San Gabriel Mountains are seen across the top of the image, and parts of the high desert near the city of Palmdale are visible along the horizon on the right. Several urban features can be seen in the image. NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)is the bright cluster of buildings just right of center. The flat tan area to the right of JPL at the foot of the mountains is a new housing development devoid of vegetation. Two freeways (the 210 and the 134) cross near the southeastern end of the Verdugo Hills near a white circular feature, the Rose Bowl. The commercial and residential areas of the city of Pasadena are the bright areas clustered around the freeway. These data will be used for a variety of applications including urban planning and natural hazard risk analysis. This type of display adds the important dimension of elevation to the study of land use and environmental processes as observed in satellite images. The perspective view was created by draping a Landsat satellite image over an SRTM elevation model. Topography is exaggerated 1.5 times vertically. The Landsat image was provided by the United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota. This image was acquired by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour, launched on February 11, 2000. SRTM uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, installed additional C-band and X-band antennas and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) of the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) and the German and Italian space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: Varies in a perspective view Location: 34.18 deg. North lat., 118.16 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking Northwest Original Data Resolution: SRTM and Landsat: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02651 PIA02710 (Release Date: 16 February 2000) --- This shaded relief topographic image shows the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The data are from the first C-band mapping swath of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). On the left side are five rivers, which flow northwest to the Sea of Okhotsk. These rivers are, from the south to north, Tigil, Amanina, Voyampolka, Zhilovaya, and Kakhtana. The broad, flat floodplains of the rivers are shown in yellow. These rivers are important spawning grounds for salmon. In the right side of the image is the Sredinnyy Khrebet, the volcanic mountain range that makes up the "spine" of the peninsula. The cluster of hills to the lower right is a field of small dormant volcanoes. High resolution SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists to study how volcanoes form and understand the hazards posed by future eruptions. This image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from red through green back to red) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 2300 meters (7500 feet) of total relief. For the shading, a computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. Shaded relief maps are commonly used in applications such as geologic mapping and land use planning. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 240 km (150 miles) x 122 km (77 miles) Location: 57.5 deg. North lat., 158.8 deg. East lon. Orientation: North at top Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02653 PIA2711 (For release: 17 February 2000) --- This topographic perspective view shows an area of Ventura County, California, including Simi Valley in the center of the image. The view is toward the east. At the lower left is the Santa Clara River Valley. The mountains along the left of the image are Oak Ridge, known to be an active zone of seismic uplift. San Fernando Valley is smooth area at top. Hazards from earthquakes, floods and fires are intimately related to the topography in this area. Topographic data and other remote sensing images provide valuable information for assessing and mitigating the natural hazards in regions such as Southern California. This shaded relief perspective view was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to red at the highest elevations. This image contains about 750 meters (2500 feet) of total relief. To emphasize subtle differences in topography, the relief is exaggerated by a factor of 5. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 59 km (37 miles) x 29 km (18 miles) Location: 34.25 deg. North lat., 118.75 deg. West lon. Orientation: View toward the East Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02780 PIA02732 (Release Date: 21 February 2000) --- The Sovereign Democratic Republic of the Fiji Islands, commonly known as Fiji, is an independent nation consisting of some 332 islands surrounding the Koro Sea in the South Pacific Ocean. This topographic image shows Viti Levu, the largest island in the group. With an area of 10,429 square kilometers (about 4000 square miles), it comprises more than half the area of the Fiji Islands. Suva, the capital city, lies on the southeast shore. The Nakauvadra, the rugged mountain range running from north to south, has several peaks rising above 900 meters (about 3000 feet). Mount Tomanivi, in the upper center, is the highest peak at 1324 meters (4341 feet). The distinct circular feature on the north shore is the Tavua Caldera, the remnant of a large shield volcano that was active about 4 million years ago. Gold has been mined on the margin of the caldera since the 1930s. The Nadrau Plateau is the low relief highland in the center of the mountain range. The coastal plains in the west, northwest and southeast account for only 15 percent of Viti Levu's area but are the main centers of agriculture and settlement. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from green at the lowest elevations to pink at the highest elevations. This image contains about 1300 meters (4300 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 192 km (119 miles) x 142 km (88 miles) Location: 17.8 deg. South lat., 178.0 deg. East lon. Orientation: North at top Original Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 19, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

JSC2000-E-02630 PIA02709 (Release Date: 16 February 2000) --- This 3-D anaglyph (may require 3-D glasses) shows an area on the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. Red-blue glasses are required to see the 3-D effect. The topographic data are from the first C-band mapping swath of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). Images from the optical Landsat satellite are overlain on the SRTM topography data. The meandering channel of the Tigil River is seen along the bottom of the image, at the base of steep cliffs. In the middle left of the image, a terrace indicates recent uplift of the terrain and downcutting by the river. High resolution SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists and hydrologists to study the interplay of tectonic uplift and erosion. This anaglyph was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to create two differing perspectives of a single image, one perspective for each eye. Each point in the image is shifted slightly, depending on its elevation. When viewed through special glasses, the result is a vertically exaggerated view of the Earth's surface in its full three dimensions. Anaglyph glasses cover the left eye with a red filter and cover the right eye with a blue filter. The United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided the Landsat data, which are overlain on the topography. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 5.3 km (3.3 miles) x 6.0 km (3.7 miles) Location: 57 deg. North lat., 159 deg. East lon. Orientation: North at left Data Resolution: SRTM 30 meters (99 feet); Landsat 15 meters (45 feet) Date Acquired: February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

JSC2000-E-02739 PIA02717 --- This three-dimensional perspective, looking up the Tigil River, shows the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The image shows that the Tigil River has eroded down from a higher and differing landscape and now flows through, rather than around the large green-colored bedrock ridge in the foreground. The older surface was likely composed of volcanic ash and debris from eruptions of nearby volcanoes. The green tones indicate that denser vegetation grows on south facing sunlit slopes at the northern latitudes. High resolution SRTM elevation data will be used by geologists to study how rivers shape the landscape, and by ecologists to study the influence of topography on ecosystems. This image shows how data collected by the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) can be used to enhance other satellite images. Color and natural shading are provided by a Landsat 7 image acquired on January 31, 2000. Terrain perspective and shading were derived from SRTM elevation data acquired on February 12, 2000. Topography is exaggerated by about six times vertically. The United States Geological Survey's Earth Resources Observations Systems (EROS) Data Center, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, provided the Landsat data. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 71 km (44 miles) x 20 km (12 miles) Location: 57 deg. North lat., 159 deg. East lon. Orientation: Looking to the east Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02742 PIA02720 (Release Date: 18 February 2000) --- This topographic radar image shows the city of Honolulu, Hawaii and adjacent areas on the island of Oahu. Honolulu lies on the south shore of the island, right of center of the image. Just below the center is Pearl Harbor, marked by several inlets and bays. Runways of the airport can be seen to the right of Pearl Harbor. Diamond Head, an extinct volcanic crater, is a blue circle along the coast right of center. The Koolau mountain range runs through the center of the image. The steep cliffs on the north side of the range are thought to be remnants of massive landslides that ripped apart the volcanic mountains that built the island thousands of years ago. On the north shore of the island are the Mokapu Peninsula and Kaneohe Bay. High resolution topographic data allow ecologists and planners to assess the effects of urban development on the sensitive ecosystems in tropical regions. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from pink through blue back to pink) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters, or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 2400 meters (8000 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 56 by 56 kilometers (35 by 35 miles) Location: 21.4 deg. North lat., 157.8 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper left Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 18, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02743 PIA02721 (Release Date: 18 February 2000) --- This anaglyph shows NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) in Pasadena, California. Red-blue glasses are required to see the 3-D effect. The surrounding residential areas of La Canada-Flintridge (to the left) and Altadena/Pasadena (to the right) are also shown. JPL is located at the base of the San Gabriel Mountains, an actively growing mountain range, seen towards the top of the image. The large canyon coming out of the mountains (top to bottom of image) is the Arroyo Seco, which is a major drainage channel for the mountains. Sand and gravel removal operations in the lower part of the arroyo (bottom of image) are removing debris brought down by flood and mudflow events. Old landslide scars (lobe-shaped features) are seen in the arroyo, evidence that living near steep canyon slopes in tectonically active areas can be hazardous. The data can also be utilized by recreational users such as hikers enjoying the natural beauty of these rugged mountains. This anaglyph was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission to create two differing perspectives of a single image, one perspective for each eye. The detailed aerial image was provided by U. S. Geological Survey digital orthophotography. Each point in the image is shifted slightly, depending on its elevation. When viewed through special glasses, the result is a vertically exaggerated view of the Earth's surface in its full three dimensions. Anaglyph glasses cover the left eye with a red filter and cover the right eye with a blue filter. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 2.2 km (1.4 miles) x 2.4 km (1.49 miles) Location: 34.16 deg. North lat., 118.16 deg. West lon. Orientation: looking straight down at land Data Resolution: SRTM: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02658 PIA02716 (FOR RELEASE: 17 February 2000) --- This topographic image shows the relationship of the urban area of Pasadena, California to the natural contours of the land. The image includes the alluvial plain on which Pasadena and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory sit, and the steep range of the San Gabriel Mountains. The mountain front and the arcuate valley running from upper left to the lower right are active fault zones, along which the mountains are rising. The chaparral-covered slopes above Pasadena are also a prime area for wildfires and mudslides. Hazards from earthquakes, floods and fires are intimately related to the topography in this area. Topographic data and other remote sensing images provide valuable information for assessing and mitigating the natural hazards for cities along the front of active mountain ranges. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 2300 meters (7500 feet) of total relief. White speckles on the face of some of the mountains are holes in the data caused by steep terrain. These will be filled using coverage from an intersecting pass. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 41 km (25 miles) x 29 km (18 miles) Location: 34.2 deg. North lat., 118.1 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02765 PIA02726 (Release Date: 20 February 2000) --- This topographic image of Patagonia, Argentina shows a spectacular landscape formed by volcanoes, glaciers and rivers. The area is located just east of the narrow range of the Andes Mountains, about 100 kilometers (62 miles) east of the border with Chile. Interesting features include basalt-capped mesas with sink holes (lower center), glacial moraines (upper center), young volcanic cones (right), and at least one case of what geologists call Òinverted reliefÓ. This happens when lava flows down a valley in soft material and then the soft material is eroded away leaving the former valley as a ridge of lava. These ridges can be seen on the slopes of the volcano in the upper right. Geologists will use SRTM topographic data to study the interaction of volcanic, climatic and erosional processes. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 1100 meters (3600 feet) of total relief. White speckles on the face of some of the mountains are holes in the data caused by steep terrain. These will be filled using coverage from an intersecting pass. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 225 km (140 miles) x 170 km (105 miles) Location: 41 deg. South lat., 69 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 19, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02629 PIA#2708 (Release Date: 16 February 2000) --- This topographic image shows the western side of the volcanically active Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia. The data are from the first C-band mapping swath of the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). On the left side are four rivers, which flow northwest to the Sea of Okhotsk. These rivers are, from the south to north, Tigil, Amanina, Voyampolka, and Zhilovaya. The broad, flat floodplains of the rivers are shown in blue. These rivers are important spawning grounds for salmon. In the right side of the image is the Sredinnyy Khrebet, the volcanic mountain range that makes up the "spine" of the peninsula. The cluster of hills to the lower right is a field of small dormant volcanoes. High resolution SRTM topographic data will be used by geologists to study how volcanoes form and understand the hazards posed by future eruptions. This shaded relief image was generated using topographic data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. A computer-generated artificial light source illuminates the elevation data to produce a pattern of light and shadows. Slopes facing the light appear bright, while those facing away are shaded. On flatter surfaces, the pattern of light and shadows can reveal subtle features in the terrain. Colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 2300 meters (7500 feet) of total relief. Shaded relief maps are commonly used in applications such as geologic mapping and land use planning. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 158 km (98 miles) x 122 km (77 miles) Location: 57.5 deg. North lat., 158.8 deg. East lon. Orientation: North approximately at top Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 12, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

JSC2000-E-02754 PIA02724 (Release Date: 19 February 2000) --- This perspective view shows three Hawaiian islands: Molokai (lower left), Lanai (right), and the northwest tip of Maui (upper left). Data such as these will be useful for studying the history of volcanic activity on these now extinct volcanoes. SRTM data also will help local officials evaluate and mitigate natural hazards for islands throughout the Pacific. For example, improved elevation data will make it easier for communities to plan for tsunamis (tidal waves generated by earthquakes around the perimeter of the Pacific) by helping them identify evacuation routes and areas prone to flooding. This view combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains 1800 meters (5900 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 60 by 70 kilometers (37 by 43 miles) Location: 20.8 deg. North lat., 156.7 deg. West lon. Orientation: Looking southeast Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 18, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

JSC2000-E-02753 PIA02723 (Release Date: 19 February 2000) --- This topographic radar image shows Lanai (left) and western Maui (right). Data such as these will be useful for studying the history of volcanic activity on these now extinct volcanoes. SRTM data also will help local officials evaluate and mitigate natural hazards for islands throughout the Pacific. For example, improved elevation data will make it easier for communities to plan for tsunamis (tidal waves generated by earthquakes around the perimeter of the Pacific) by helping them identify evacuation routes and areas prone to flooding. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Each cycle of colors (from pink through blue back to pink) represents an equal amount of elevation difference (400 meters or 1300 feet) similar to contour lines on a standard topographic map. This image contains about 1800 meters (5900 feet) of total relief. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 68 by 45 kilometers (42 by 28 miles) Location: 20.8 deg. North lat., 156.7 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper left Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 18, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

Hall C Physicist Liguang Tang poses for a photo in Experimental Hall C at Jefferson Lab Newport News, Va., Feb. 25, 2025. (Lindsay Cunningham | Jefferson Lab)

Willow Bay

Dean, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California

 

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

 

Karen Kornbluh

Senior Fellow and Director, Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative, German Marshall Fund of the United States

 

Niloofar Razi Howe

Senior Operating Partner, Energy Impact Partners; Senior Fellow, International Security Program, New America

 

Rob Reich

Professor of Political Science, Stanford University

JSC2000-E-02657 PIA02715 (17 February 2000) --- This topographic radar image shows the relationship of the urban area of Pasadena, California to the natural contours of the land. The image includes the alluvial plain on which Pasadena and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory sit, and the steep range of the San Gabriel Mountains. The mountain front and the valley running from upper left to the lower right are active fault zones, along which the mountains are rising. The chaparral-covered slopes above Pasadena are also a prime area for wildfires and mudslides. Hazards from earthquakes, floods and fires are intimately related to the topography in this area. Topographic data and other remote sensing images provide valuable information for assessing and mitigating the natural hazards for cities along the front of active mountain ranges. This image combines two types of data from the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission. The image brightness corresponds to the strength of the radar signal reflected from the ground, while colors show the elevation as measured by SRTM. Colors range from blue at the lowest elevations to white at the highest elevations. This image contains about 2300 meters (7500 feet) of total relief. White speckles on the face of some of the mountains are holes in the data caused by steep terrain. These will be filled using coverage from an intersecting pass. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), launched on February 11, 2000, uses the same radar instrument that comprised the Spaceborne Imaging Radar-C/X-Band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SIR-C/X-SAR) that flew twice on the Space Shuttle Endeavour in 1994. The mission is designed to collect three-dimensional measurements of the Earth's surface. To collect the 3-D data, engineers added a 60-meter-long (200-foot) mast, an additional C-band imaging antenna and improved tracking and navigation devices. The mission is a cooperative project between the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) and the German (DLR) and Italian (ASI) space agencies. It is managed by NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, CA, for NASA's Earth Science Enterprise, Washington, DC. Size: 41 km (25 miles) x 29 km (18 miles) Location: 34.2 deg. North lat., 118.1 deg. West lon. Orientation: North toward upper right Data Resolution: 30 meters (99 feet) Date Acquired: February 16, 2000 Image: NASA/JPL/NIMA

Willow Bay

Dean, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California

 

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

 

Karen Kornbluh

Senior Fellow and Director, Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative, German Marshall Fund of the United States

 

Niloofar Razi Howe

Senior Operating Partner, Energy Impact Partners; Senior Fellow, International Security Program, New America

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

Willow Bay

Dean, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California

 

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

Willow Bay

Dean, Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California

 

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

 

Karen Kornbluh

Senior Fellow and Director, Digital Innovation and Democracy Initiative, German Marshall Fund of the United States

 

Niloofar Razi Howe

Senior Operating Partner, Energy Impact Partners; Senior Fellow, International Security Program, New America

 

Rob Reich

Professor of Political Science, Stanford University

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

Prova Cycles

www.provacycles.com/

 

Mark Hester is the owner and builder at PROVA . Mark was raised in a workshop with his Dad building one off race cars and high performance road cars. Together with the inspiration of his engineer grandfather this upbringing led to completing a Mechanical Engineering Degree and a career in motorsport and automotive engineering.

 

Mark's final year thesis at Uni was the design and manufacture a carbon fibre monocoque formula chassis, the first autoclave cured tub made in Australia and used to place 2nd in the FSAE-A competition in 2004 and then when taken to the USA in 2005 for the largest completion of its size in the world, set the fastest lap times in the enduro and placed 4th of 140+ teams in the design competition.

 

This experience in composites led to being employed by Prodrive Racing Australia a couple of weeks after graduating. For 3 years Mark was a design and data engineer, highlights from this time include learning from the most awesome fabricators and machinists as well as access to a massive autoclave!

 

The next 8 years were spent developing chassis control systems for some of the largest automotive engineering companies in the word, including Robert Bosch and Jaguar LandRover. Much of this time was spent travelling to unusual parts of the world testing vehicles in conditions from frozen ice to boulders in Moab.

 

Bikes were always a part of Mark's youth and growing up in the Adelaide Hills provided plenty of space to explore . A welcomed reintroduction to riding shortly after uni by a long time friend and serious rider from Bendigo spiralled from a cheap hardtail to a collection of bikes worth more than our cars! Years of XC enduro racing followed then when living in the UK got hooked on gravity enduro, and was lucky to be able to race a couple of Enduro World Series rounds and the Trans Savioe multi day enduro in the french alps. Highlights of euro life include the Flanders sportive and riding the forrest of Arenberg the day after being there to watch Tom solo into the velodrome.

 

PROVA is providing an outlet for Mark to utilise the experience gained designing and testing vehicles with a massive passion for bikes and riding to produce custom handmade steel bike frames here in Australia.

Réparation d’ordinateur JC Gagnon est une pme Montréalaise qui propose les services suivants : Réparation d'ordinateur, installation et optimisation Windows 10. Assistance à distance via Teamviewer, dépannage informatique et récupération de données. Besoin d'un dépannage informatique ? Vous êtes au bon endroit.

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

Darrell Blocker

Chief Operating Officer, Mosaic Security

 

Frances Haugen

Data Engineer, Scientist, Advocate

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...

ROMA ARCHEOLOGICA & RESTAURO ARCHITETTURA 2023. Rome, the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argetina - From ancient Ruins to Feline Haven: "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your CatNip." The archaeological site re-opens to the public after a decade of Archaeological & Architectural Restortion works. The New York Times, REUTERS (20 June 2022) & ArchaeoReporter / (20/06/2023). Also: Dr. Marina Mattei; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012) & Dr. M. Mattei; in: CNN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012). wp.me/pbMWvy-499

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490026

 

1). ROME - Friends, Tourists, Countrymen, See Where Julius Caesar Was Killed

The site where Caesar was assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C., nestled among four ancient temples, has been opened to the public for the first time in a century. The New York Times (20 June 2023).

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient / modern center of Rome, with the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina [4th thru 2nd centuries B.C.?] (on the far-left); with the nearby site of the ancient Theatre of Pompey (Theatrum Pompeii = Teatro di Pompeo) [61-55 B.C.] complex located in the center to the far-right. The ruins of the cavea or the seating area of the theater (the curved area) influenced the later construction of the overlying historic buildings of the Renaissance and Baroque periods, which is clearly seen in the aerial view to the far-right. Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990492546

 

For nearly a century, only cats (and presumably the rats they kept at bay) had free rein over an ancient archaeological site in the heart of central Rome. They would prowl among the ruins and preen for the tourists who gathered along the balustrades above, cellphones and cameras in hand.

 

Foto: ROME – Aerial view of the ancient the ruins / archaeological complex of the Largo di Torre Argentina with the new public walkway constructed and facing the ruins of the four-ancient Roman temple (= A, B, C & D). Source: Google Earth / Maps (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490086

 

But as of Tuesday, human visitors were allowed for the first time to descend and get a better glimpse of the site, believed to be where Julius Caesar was brutally assassinated by a group of senators in 44 B.C. The spot is nestled in an area with four temples, rare remnants of the Roman Republic, dating from the fourth to the first centuries B.C.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina as shown in the 24 hour live webcamera overlooking the ruins, the foto shows the area on (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time]. Source: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023) [see below].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990625434

 

The full site, called the Sacred Area of Largo di Torre Argentina, is the latest addition to Rome’s rich archaeological offerings. The Italian capital’s mayor, Roberto Gualtieri, said at the inauguration on Monday that the attraction would add “tremendous value to a city that never ceases to amaze with its treasures and wonders.” Rome was discovering “its history to the fullest,” he added.

 

Foto: ROME – Former Mayor of Rome, Ms. Virginia Raggi (22 June 2016 – 21 October 2021) along with other staff members of the City of Rome, on 18 Feb., 2018, initiate the start of the later archaeological / architectural restoration work within the l’area sacra di Largo Argentina. Source: Ms. Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853150

 

--- ROMA - Rinasce l'area sacra di Largo Argentina. Il sito archeologico, nel centro di Roma, sarà di nuovo accessibile a romani e turisti; in: Virginia Raggi / Twitter (18 Feb. 2018). twitter.com/virginiaraggi/status/1097537131113791489

 

There is no X-marks-the-spot where Julius Caesar met his bloody end on — as tradition and the Shakespeare play “Julius Caesar” would have it — the Ides of March, about the 15th day of the month. The spot contains just a jumble of limestone rocks, bricks and tufts of grass.

 

That might surprise some, said the archaeologist Monica Ceci, who oversees the site.

 

Visitors “may have a hard time imagining this, because the Shakespearean drama induces you to think that the murder was in the forum,” she said.

 

Caesar was actually assassinated at the Curia of Pompey, a large rectangular meeting hall where the Senate of Rome met occasionally. The emperor Augustus later declared the hall a “locus sceleratus,” or “cursed place,” and it was walled up.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945653

 

But Shakespeare “could get away with” a little artistic license, Ms. Ceci laughed.

 

On the opposite side of the site, marble decorations and sculptures, for decades stored unseen in Rome’s archaeological warehouses, have been displayed in a long hall under the modern-day street. “It’s one thing to keep them in order on shelves, quite another to tell the history of this site through these fragments,” Ms. Ceci said.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArcheoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489991

 

Irina Lumsden, a data engineer visiting Rome from Melbourne, Australia, said that the site was transporting. “It’s amazing, you get such a feeling of ancient time here,” she said “They’ve done a great job of conserving the site.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945658

 

The area was rediscovered during excavations from 1926 to 1929, when the square was being demolished to make way for new buildings. The four temples unearthed were initially labeled with the first four letters of the alphabet because archaeologists were unsure which temples they had uncovered. Now they have been tentatively identified, though there is still scholarly debate: the Temple of Juturna, after a goddess of fountains, wells and springs, dating from the mid-third century B.C.; the Temple of Fortuna Huiusce Diei, or Fortune of the Present Day, built in the second century B.C.; the Temple of Feronia, a goddess of fertility, built about the end of the fourth century B.C.; and the Temple of Lares Permarini, dedicated to the protectors of navigation, or according to others to the Nymphs, and constructed in the early second century B.C.

 

— ROME – The Sacred Area of ​​Largo Argentina with the three temples in series: Temple of Juturna, Temple of Fortuna and Temple of Feronia / ROMA – L’area Sacra di Largo Argentina con i tre templi in serie: Tempio di Giuturna, Tempio della Fortuna e Tempio di Feronia; in: Atavistic / FB (02 April 2021).

 

www.facebook.com/atavisticapp/posts/pfbid02UZniVUvokzf9rG...

 

After a fire devastated this part of Rome in A.D. 80, the emperor Domitian restored the temples and a travertine slab floor, still visible, was built on top of the surrounding rubble.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853100

 

Over the centuries, the area underwent various further transformations, remaining buried until the excavations in the 1920s. City officials at the time immediately understood the value of the archaeological find, and the site was closed off, to be admired only from above.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter / Video / Foto (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989888987

 

Monica Baraschi, a volunteer with a cat sanctuary that abuts one corner of the ancient site, said that even the feline residents — there were 86, she said — would feel some benefits from the opening up of the spot and the arrival of visitors.

 

Foto: ROME – the Sacred Area of the Largo di Torre Argentina: One of the many cats that live within the archaeological complex in the ancient, historic & modern center of the City of Rome. Source: Google / Italy (06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945673

 

“They’ll get cuddled and caressed — the cats will be happy,” she said.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853110

 

In the past, there has been friction between archaeologists and the sanctuary (= ROME JOURNAL - Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11 - www.nytimes.com/2012/11/08/world/europe/rome-drawn-into-t...). Ms. Ceci, the archaeologist, said that the cats had been “good workmates” during the two years that the site was undergoing work to prepare for the opening.

 

Foto: ROME JOURNAL – Strays Amid Rome Ruins Set Off a Culture Clash; in: NYT [8 Nov. 2012]: Section A, Page 11.

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853115

 

Visitors on the first day also seemed glad to see a bit of ancient Rome up close. Simeon Peebler, a software engineer from Chicago, said, “In a world of virtual-reality experiences, to have a real reality experience is amazing.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990489996

 

Romans were equally delighted. Sandro Lubattelli, a retired computer engineer and his wife, Rossana Cipressi, a retired teacher, said that they had spent a lifetime looking at the site from above and were thrilled to finally be able to go in.

 

“We always wondered why it was closed,” Mr. Lubattelli said. “We’re in seventh heaven.”

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: REUTERS (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990853130

 

Note: A correction was made on June 20, 2023: Because of an editing error, a capsule summary with an earlier version of this article referred incorrectly to the role of Julius Caesar. He was a general and a political leader, but not emperor.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990490006

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889017

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945618

 

Fonte / source:

--- The New York Times (20 June 2023).

www.nytimes.com/2023/06/20/world/europe/rome-julius-caesa...

 

Fonte / source, Video & foto:

 

— ROMA – L’area sacra fatale a Giulio Cesare, visitabili finalmente i templi repubblicani di Largo Argentina; in: ArchaeoReporter / YouTube (20/06/2023) [04:05].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=aZT0eN6NK-Y

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889007

 

2). ROME - "Et tu, Brute?" - Rome to open ancient square where Julius Caesar was killed. REUTERS (20 June 2022).

 

ROME, June 19 (Reuters) - History buffs will be able to stroll close to the spot where legend says Julius Caesar met his bloody end, when Rome authorities open a new walkway on the ancient site on Tuesday.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945628

 

Accounts, embellished by William Shakespeare, tell how the Roman dictator was stabbed to death by a group of aggrieved senators on the Ides of March - March 15 - in 44 BC.

 

According to tradition, he died in the capital's central Largo Argentina square - home to the remains of four temples.

 

Foto: ROME – A view of the ruins of the Largo Argentina during Italian press and foreign media tour visiting the newly restored archaeological complex, along with the new educational onsite materials and the display of related archaeological archaeological artifacts and architiectural remains and artistic elements discovered at the site since the mid-1920s onwards. Source: ArchaeoReporter (20/06/2023).

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945583

 

They are all currently below street level and up until recently could only be viewed from behind barriers close to a busy road junction.

 

From Tuesday, visitors will be able to move through the site at ground level on the walkway and see the structures up close.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52989889047

 

Italian fashion house Bulgari funded the work at a site that was first discovered and excavated during building work in Rome in the 1920s.

 

— ROME – Interview Italian Archaeologist Marina Mattei, the Largo Argentina; Rome, Italy; in: CCN, USA / YouTube (27/10/2012) [2:57].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=PaV14fTHB5c

 

The area - close to where Caesar is supposed to have exclaimed "Et tu, Brute?" as he saw his friend Brutus among his murderers - is these days also home to a sanctuary for stray cats.

 

Foto: ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.flickr.com/photos/imperial_fora_of_rome/52990945643

 

Fonte / source, foto & Video:

 

— ROMA – Marina Mattei Curatore Archeologo dei Musei Capitolini illustra l’area archeologica di Largo Argentina ed il ritrovamento; in: Raiuno Uno / YouTube (17/10/2012 [12:00].

www.youtube.com/watch?v=q39bZmfvHms

 

Fonte / source:

--- REUTERS (20 June 2022).

www.reuters.com/world/europe/rome-open-ancient-square-whe...

 

Fonte / source, foto:

 

— ROMA – Roma – Largo di Torre Argentina Live webcam / Veduta delle rovine romane dell’Area Sacra di Largo Argentina a Roma; in: Skyline / Webcams (21/06/2023 [09:25 am Rome time].

www.skylinewebcams.com/it/webcam/italia/lazio/roma/roma-l...