Notwithstanding the "Buses Turn Here" notice, it was not unusual to arrive at the Harry Stoke terminus of the 313 service and find some prat parked in the not over-generous provision of reversing space. One so yearned for the justification to hit his wing mirror off and leave a nice NBC leaf green-coloured gouge along his door panels. But, of course, in law there is no excuse for clobbering a stationary vehicle; it would have meant filling out an Accident Report Form and the forfeiture of one's safe driving record. So, softly swearing, one reversed part-way across the narrow bridge on the left, which spanned the South Wales main line and gave access to Pearce's ...and, as we see from the signboard, a number of lesser firms... on the site of the Beaufort Brick Works. These had been established during construction of the Badminton cut-off route to provide bricks for the numerous viaducts and bridges spanning the Frome valley. Those seen at the left edge would have been among its products.

The photograph dates from Thursday 20th July 1978 and the working had been the 13:00 departure from Bristol's bus station; it was therefore taken at some point between the 13:37 arrival and 13:43 departure. It is satisfying to be able to determine precisely where one was and what one was doing during a six-minute interval some thirty-nine years ago. 1028 was a nice motor; not an especial favourite, but always very acceptable. There was a period ...it lasted a matter of days... when they Did Something With It ...I've no idea what. Jeezus K. Reist it went like the clappers! I recall in particular a trip out to Keynsham and back. I drove it twice in this condition and then it reverted to normal. Something similar happened with one of the ex-London Country VRTs. I managed to nudge sixty on the flat between Begger Bush Lane and Abbots Leigh. Going back a bit, the same thing occurred with one of the Bristol-engined FLFs, I think either C7060 or C7090 ...I always tended to confuse the two. I found that it was possible to pull away up Blackboy Hill in third, no problem at all. I am a complete ignoramus where engineering matters are concerned, but it seemed plain to me that the engines were capable of producing far more power than was normally made available. Actually, it was probably just as well.

This is a photo made from a 1958 Kodak Color Slide of 16 Nile Street in Liverpool, England. The building no longer exists. An ancestor, named William Heap, lived there around 1879 to 1884. The man by the car is a taxi driver.

 

William Heap was the son of Jonathan Heap (a brewer's agent from Kendal) and Hannah Robinson (from Bold). He was born in Hulme in 1852. WIlliam attended Sandicroft College for two years and also took a two year course in law. At age 22 he was a printer, bookbinder, and stationer. A couple of years later, William was the editor of a periodical called "Trade Unionist" which he started with Lloyd Jones (a socialist, union activist, and journalist). Then briefly, while living at 16 Nile, he was a brewer's agent at 4 Wood Street with his father.

 

In 1884 William, his wife, and children immigrated to Owen Sound, Ontario and opened a profitable dry earth closet company at 57 Adelaide Street in Toronto called Heap's Patent Dry Earth or Ashes Closet Company Limited. His brother (Robert Robinson Heap) started the business at 13 Park Street in Greenheys. William's uncle, Joseph Frederick Heap (1832-1881), was the inventor of their dry earth closet. In 1886, the company moved to Muskegon, Michigan. Around 1920 William retired in France and died in Vichy in 1929. Two of his children, William Lionel (1880-1953) and Cecil Robinson (1882-1933), continued the business. By 1931 the company was located in Grand Haven, Michigan and failing. The American Sanitary Manufacturing Company bought the factory.

 

Note: An 1885 contract for the Heap's Patent Dry Earth Closet and Sanitary Works Company can be found at the UK Archive. The identification number is BT 31/3564/21819.

 

(Updated on 5/16/2013)

To learn about the US Army in Korea, visit: imcom.korea.army.mil

 

For photographs from the US Army in Korea, visit: www.flickr.com/imcomkorea

 

Interested in working for the US Army as a Civilian Employee? Check out our overseas employment video at www.youtube.com/imcomkorearegion

 

These images are cleared for release and are considered in the public domain. Request credit be given the US Army and individual photographer.

 

PHOTO CAPTION: Sgt. Michelle Putnam poses for a photograph with her dog Carlos prior to taking part in an explosives training exercise at the Security Police Academy. The school provides fundamental courses in law enforcement and security duties for Air Force personnel as well as advanced training to security police of all ranks and branches of the armed services.

Northumbria University (legally the University of Northumbria at Newcastle) is a public research university located in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East of England. It has been a university since 1992, but has its origins in the Rutherford College, founded in 1877.

 

Northumbria University is primarily based within City Campus located in Newcastle upon Tyne city centre and at Coach Lane campus on the outskirts of the city centre, London and Amsterdam. It is organised into four faculties—Arts, Design and Social Sciences; Business and Law; Engineering and Environment, and Health and Life Sciences. Northumbria University has approximately 37,000 students.

 

According to the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Northumbria University was rated 23rd in the UK for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted). This determines how much funding is awarded to universities to spend on research activity and represented the largest percentage-point rise in market share since the previous exercise. The annual income of the institution for 2022–23 was £338.3 million of which £16.4 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £340.2 million.

 

Northumbria is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Universities UK and the Wallace Group.

 

History

Northumbria University has its origins in three Newcastle colleges: Rutherford College of Technology, which was established by John Hunter Rutherford in 1877 and opened formally in 1894 by the Duke of York (later King George V), the College of Art & Industrial Design and the Municipal College of Commerce. In 1969, the three colleges were amalgamated to form Newcastle Polytechnic. The Polytechnic became the major regional centre for the training of teachers with the incorporation of the City College of Education in 1974 and the Northern Counties College of Education in 1976.

 

In 1992, Newcastle Polytechnic was reconstituted as the new University of Northumbria, as part of a nationwide process in which polytechnics became new universities. It was originally styled, and its official name still is, the University of Northumbria at Newcastle (see the Articles of Government) but the trading name was simplified to Northumbria University in 2002. In 1995, it was awarded responsibility for the education of healthcare professionals, which was transferred from the National Health Service.

 

In 2017, the university was fined £400,000 after a sports science experiment gave volunteers a hundred times the safe dose of caffeine. Two student volunteers were given a dose of 30g instead of 0.3g, because staff conducting the experiment tried to calculate the dose on a mobile phone calculator and misread the decimal point. Both were hospitalised and one reported loss of short-term memory. A court hearing heard that the university had not trained staff in safety and had not carried out a proper risk assessment, and that the dose was above the level known to cause risk of death.

 

Northumbria was named the UK University of the Year 2022 by Times Higher Education. The award was given in recognition of Northumbria's transformation over more than a decade into a research-intensive modern institution. The judging panel stated "The scale of [Northumbria's] ambition, the rigour and effectiveness with which it has been pursued and its role in transforming lives and supporting its region all make it a deserving winner."

 

Campuses

The university has two large campuses situated in Newcastle and one in London. City Campus, located in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, is divided into City Campus East and City Campus West by the city's central motorway and linked by a £4 million bridge which in 2008 was officially opened by the former Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Lord Digby Jones.

 

City Campus

City Campus East is home to the Schools of Law, Design and the Newcastle Business School (NBS). NBS and Law are housed in one building, and the School of Design is across a courtyard.

 

City Campus East, designed by Atkins, opened in September 2007, winning awards from The Journal newspaper and the Low Carbon New Build Project of the Year accolade.

 

City Campus West is home to the Schools of Arts & Social Sciences, Built & Natural Environment, Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences and Life Sciences. Also located on this campus is the University Library, Students' Union building and Sport Central, a £31m sports facility for students, staff and the community which opened in 2010.

 

The Sutherland Building, formerly the Medical School of Durham University, which was a naval warehouse during World War II, and the Dental School of Newcastle University[citation needed] (1945–78) is the home of is the home of the University Executive team and new world-class studios for Architecture students, designed by Page\Park architects, which opened in 2019.

 

Administrative Departments including Finance & Planning and Human Resources, are based in Pandon Building.

 

The Students' Union building, at City Campus West, underwent a multimillion-pound makeover with new lobby and recreational facilities, and a refurbished bar and cafe space, in summer 2010.

 

In September 2016 the Sandyford Building was acquired from Newcastle College.

 

In 2018 a £7m building for Computer and Information sciences was opened in City Campus West in place of the demolished Rutherford Hall.

 

Coach Lane

A second campus is located 2.6 miles (4 km) outside Newcastle, on Coach Lane, and is known as the Coach Lane Campus at Cochrane Park near the A188 (Benton Road). It is in the Dene ward near Longbenton and round the corner from Tyneview Park; a large Department for Work and Pensions office, accessible via the Four Lane Ends Interchange.

 

The Coach Lane Campus is home to a number of areas of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, in particular the Departments of Nursing, Midwifery and Health and Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, as well as the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeships programmes. Coach Lane Campus has computing and library services; and sports facilities, including indoor courts, a fitness suite, outdoor rugby and football pitches, and an all-weather floodlit pitch.

 

London Campus

The London Campus offers full-time or part-time programmes, from a range of Business, Computing, Cyber, Project Management and Technology focused programmes to approximately 2,500 students. The campus is delivered in partnership with QA Higher Education, part of QA, the UK's largest corporate training provider. The campus is near Liverpool Street station, close to the heart of London's financial district.

 

International

Northumbria University has an international campus based in Amsterdam, Netherlands through a partnership with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences where it offers accredited postgraduate qualifications and the opportunity for undergraduates to experience overseas studies.

 

Organisation and structure

Northumbria offers programmes in the disciplines of law and business, arts and design, engineering, mathematics, physics computing, geography and environmental sciences, architecture and built environment, applied sciences and healthcare, sports science, humanities and social sciences, psychology, nursing, social work and teacher education.

 

Northumbria University employs more than 3,100 people and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, CPD and degree apprenticeship programmes through four Faculties:

 

Faculty of Arts, Design and Social Sciences

Faculty of Business and Law

Faculty of Engineering and Environment

Faculty of Health and Life Sciences

 

Newcastle Business School

In September 2007, Northumbria University opened its new Newcastle Business School building on the site of the former Warner Brothers cinema as part of a £136m city campus east development. Newcastle Business School is the only university in the UK to hold double AACSB accreditation for business and accounting which makes them form part of an elite group of 190 institutions worldwide to hold this. As of 2020, The university also holds accreditation for EPAS in 21 different undergraduate programmes, more than any other university in the UK. Newcastle Business School has also developed relations with a wide range of other professional bodies. As a result, the university can offer a wide range of professional exemptions in its programmes such as the Accountancy degree which holds exemptions from many of the top accountancy boards including ICAEW, ACCA, and CIMA.

 

In 2015, Newcastle Business School was the winner of ‘UK Business School of the Year’ at the Times Higher Education Awards.

 

Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

 

Northumbria Law School is the largest law school within the north-east of England. It is part of only six institutions outside of London that provides the Bar Professional Training Course. Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

 

Northumbria also offers 'clinical' courses in law accredited by the Law Society and Bar Council. These allow graduates direct entry to the profession. The institution's Student Law Office is a clinical legal education enterprise, where law students participate in a legal advice and representation scheme on behalf of real clients, under the supervision of practising lawyers. The student law office has managed over 8,300 enquiries, represented over 3,000 clients and secured over £1.6m in compensation since 2005. In 2013, the university was awarded with the Queens Anniversary Prize in Further and Higher and Further Education for outstanding community work of its student law office.

 

Medicine

Although the university roots are linked with medicine through the Sutherland Building being formerly the Medical School of Durham University, it has not offered medicine as a programme until recently. Northumbria has a joint medical programme through a partnership with St George's University of Grenada. As part of the programme the teaching hours are split between time spent within the Grenada and the United Kingdom. The programme has been expanded in recent years with an increased amount of time that students can spend within the United Kingdom.

 

Research

Northumbria was one of the best performing universities in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, rising the highest number of places in a ranking of 'research power' by THE. The university climbed to 23rd place from 50th in 2014 and 80th in 2008.

 

In the UK Research Assessment Exercise 2008 some research in nine of twelve areas submitted was described as "world-leading". In the 2014 Research Assessment Exercise, Northumbria was one of the UK top 50 for research power and the university which had risen fastest up the rankings.

 

Reputation and rankings

Northumbria was named UK University of the Year by Times Higher Education in November 2022.

Northumbria University is in the top 25 for research power in the UK, according to the results of the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Times Higher Education REF2021 rankings.

Northumbria University is the top University in the North East for sustainability, according to the People and Planet league table

Northumbria is one of the highest ranked UK universities in the Times Higher Education's Young Universities Rankings (2022-).

 

Student life

Northumbria Students' Union is a campaigning and representative organisation. It is a charity currently exempt from registration and is led by six Sabbatical Officers (President and five vice-presidents) and a 26-member Student Council.

 

The Students' Union offers a range of student activities such as NSU/Community, NSU/Media (Which encompasses NSU/TV, NSU/Life and NSU/Snaps), NSU/Rag (Raise and Give),NSU/Societies, NSU/Employability, Duke of Edinburgh awards and Fast Friends. It represents students in academic and non-academic matters through a nationally recognised School Reps and Postgraduate Research Reps Systems. The university building contains several venues for students to socialise in a safe environment, chiefly at Habita (formerly Bar One), Domain (formerly The Venue) and Reds. In 2011, Northumbria Students' Union received the National Union of Students award for best higher education students' union.

 

In 2016, Northumbria Students' Union received the National Union of Students award for Student Opportunities and runner up for the Education Award.

 

Sport

Northumbria is considered one of the leading universities for Rugby League in the UK, after being crowned BUCS National Champions in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022. In 2022 Northumbria entered 69 teams into BUCS, the highest number to date for the university.

 

Sport Awards:

In 2014 Northumbria won the BUCS Most Improved University for Sport award following a rise in the national ranking from 20th in 2010 to 8th in 2014 where they remained until 2017.

In 2017 Sport's Student Leadership and Workforce programme was recognised as the best in the country when awarded the BUCS Workforce Development programme of the year.

Sporting Alumni:

 

Northumbria has several world class sporting alumni including Steve Cram CBE, Stephen Miller MBE, and Victoria Pendleton CBE. Northumbria support talented athletes through its partnership with the TASS Scheme and their own Student Athlete Scholarship Scheme. Current student Taka Suzuki won seven medals, including five golds and two silvers in swimming at Tokyo 2020 Summer Paralympics Games.

 

Notable alumni

Sam Ainsley, artist.

Bibiana Aído Almagro, Spanish politician, previously served as Minister for Equality

Chris Whitty, Chief Medical Officer for England

Vera Baird, Victims's Commissioner for England and Wales, former Northumbria Police and Crime Commissioner, former MP for Redcar

Tunde Baiyewu, vocalist, lead singer of the Lighthouse Family

Amanda Berry, Chief Executive of BAFTA

Rodney Bickerstaffe, former General Secretary of UNISON

Gavin Brown, art dealer

Lord Brownlow, Conservative peer

Alan Campbell, MP for Tynemouth

Nigel Cabourn, fashion designer

Mac Collins, artist and designer

Chris Cook, GB Commonwealth and Olympic swimmer

Martin Corry, England rugby international, and Leicester Tigers

Steve Cram, English athlete and television presenter

Ali Dia, Senegalese footballer

Rick Dickinson, designer of the ZX81 computer

Anke Domscheit-Berg, member of the German Bundestag

Robbie Elliott, footballer and coach

Deborah Enenche, Gospel artist and lawyer

John Fashanu, footballer and TV personality

Toby Flood, England rugby international, and Leicester Tigers

Bridget Galloway, Sunderland A.F.C. Women and England youth international

Mary Glindon, MP for North Tyneside

Lady Edwina Louise Grosvenor, prison reformer

Scott Henshall, fashion designer

Max Lamb, furniture designer

Jason Holland, designer

Louise Hopkins, artist

Ben Houchen, the first Mayor of Tees Valley

Chris Salkeld (born 1991), racing driver

Sir Jonathan Ive, industrial designer, Chief Design Officer (CDO) of Apple Inc. and Chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London

Kevan Jones, MP for North Durham

Riley Jones, actor

Bharti Kher, contemporary artist

Emma Lewell-Buck, MP for South Shields

Duncan Lloyd, lead guitarist of Maxïmo Park

Guy Mankowski, author

Neil Marshall, film director

Alexei Mordashov, Russian business oligarch

Bob Murray, former chairman of Sunderland AFC

Jamie Noon, England rugby international, and Newcastle Falcons player

Victoria Pendleton, Olympic cyclist

Laura Pidcock, former MP for North West Durham

Jonathon Prested, poker player

Gerry Steinberg, former MP for City of Durham

Sting, musician

Alan Tomes, Rugby International Scotland and British Lions

Kevin Whately, actor

Stewart Wingate, CEO of Gatwick Airport

Zeb Kyffin, professional cyclist for Ribble Weldtite

This is a portrait of Arthur Brandstatter taken in 1963. Arthur Brandstatter graduated from MSU in 1938 with a BS in police administration. After serving overseas in Korea and working as a consultant for the Federal Government after WW II, he returned to MSU in 1946 and served as the head of MSU's campus police department while teaching a course in law enforcement administration.

 

In 1947, Brandstatter took over as director of the School of Criminal Justice, a position he held until his retirement in 1976. While in this position, he worked to upgrade law enforcement personnel requiring them to possess a baccalaureate degree to become a police officer. Brandstatter was also a member of the Vietnam Project in the 1960s.

 

March 11, 1963

 

Repository Information:

Michigan State University Archives & Historical Collections, Conrad Hall, 888 Wilson Rd., Room 101, East Lansing, MI 48824, archives.msu.edu

 

Subjects:

Michigan State University -- Faculty

 

Resource Identifier:

A001879

Sgt. Michelle Putnam poses for a photograph with her dog Carlos prior to taking part in an explosives training exercise at the Security Police Academy. The school provides fundamental courses in law enforcement and security duties for Air Force personnel as well as advanced training to security police of all ranks and branches of the armed services.

 

www.expertinfantry.com

Northumbria University (legally the University of Northumbria at Newcastle) is a public research university located in Newcastle upon Tyne, North East of England. It has been a university since 1992, but has its origins in the Rutherford College, founded in 1877.

 

Northumbria University is primarily based within City Campus located in Newcastle upon Tyne city centre and at Coach Lane campus on the outskirts of the city centre, London and Amsterdam. It is organised into four faculties—Arts, Design and Social Sciences; Business and Law; Engineering and Environment, and Health and Life Sciences. Northumbria University has approximately 37,000 students.

 

According to the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Northumbria University was rated 23rd in the UK for research power (the grade point average score of a university, multiplied by the full-time equivalent number of researchers submitted). This determines how much funding is awarded to universities to spend on research activity and represented the largest percentage-point rise in market share since the previous exercise. The annual income of the institution for 2022–23 was £338.3 million of which £16.4 million was from research grants and contracts, with an expenditure of £340.2 million.

 

Northumbria is a member of the Association of Commonwealth Universities, Universities UK and the Wallace Group.

 

History

Northumbria University has its origins in three Newcastle colleges: Rutherford College of Technology, which was established by John Hunter Rutherford in 1877 and opened formally in 1894 by the Duke of York (later King George V), the College of Art & Industrial Design and the Municipal College of Commerce. In 1969, the three colleges were amalgamated to form Newcastle Polytechnic. The Polytechnic became the major regional centre for the training of teachers with the incorporation of the City College of Education in 1974 and the Northern Counties College of Education in 1976.

 

In 1992, Newcastle Polytechnic was reconstituted as the new University of Northumbria, as part of a nationwide process in which polytechnics became new universities. It was originally styled, and its official name still is, the University of Northumbria at Newcastle (see the Articles of Government) but the trading name was simplified to Northumbria University in 2002. In 1995, it was awarded responsibility for the education of healthcare professionals, which was transferred from the National Health Service.

 

In 2017, the university was fined £400,000 after a sports science experiment gave volunteers a hundred times the safe dose of caffeine. Two student volunteers were given a dose of 30g instead of 0.3g, because staff conducting the experiment tried to calculate the dose on a mobile phone calculator and misread the decimal point. Both were hospitalised and one reported loss of short-term memory. A court hearing heard that the university had not trained staff in safety and had not carried out a proper risk assessment, and that the dose was above the level known to cause risk of death.

 

Northumbria was named the UK University of the Year 2022 by Times Higher Education. The award was given in recognition of Northumbria's transformation over more than a decade into a research-intensive modern institution. The judging panel stated "The scale of [Northumbria's] ambition, the rigour and effectiveness with which it has been pursued and its role in transforming lives and supporting its region all make it a deserving winner."

 

Campuses

The university has two large campuses situated in Newcastle and one in London. City Campus, located in the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne, is divided into City Campus East and City Campus West by the city's central motorway and linked by a £4 million bridge which in 2008 was officially opened by the former Minister of State for Trade and Investment, Lord Digby Jones.

 

City Campus

City Campus East is home to the Schools of Law, Design and the Newcastle Business School (NBS). NBS and Law are housed in one building, and the School of Design is across a courtyard.

 

City Campus East, designed by Atkins, opened in September 2007, winning awards from The Journal newspaper and the Low Carbon New Build Project of the Year accolade.

 

City Campus West is home to the Schools of Arts & Social Sciences, Built & Natural Environment, Computing, Engineering & Information Sciences and Life Sciences. Also located on this campus is the University Library, Students' Union building and Sport Central, a £31m sports facility for students, staff and the community which opened in 2010.

 

The Sutherland Building, formerly the Medical School of Durham University, which was a naval warehouse during World War II, and the Dental School of Newcastle University[citation needed] (1945–78) is the home of is the home of the University Executive team and new world-class studios for Architecture students, designed by Page\Park architects, which opened in 2019.

 

Administrative Departments including Finance & Planning and Human Resources, are based in Pandon Building.

 

The Students' Union building, at City Campus West, underwent a multimillion-pound makeover with new lobby and recreational facilities, and a refurbished bar and cafe space, in summer 2010.

 

In September 2016 the Sandyford Building was acquired from Newcastle College.

 

In 2018 a £7m building for Computer and Information sciences was opened in City Campus West in place of the demolished Rutherford Hall.

 

Coach Lane

A second campus is located 2.6 miles (4 km) outside Newcastle, on Coach Lane, and is known as the Coach Lane Campus at Cochrane Park near the A188 (Benton Road). It is in the Dene ward near Longbenton and round the corner from Tyneview Park; a large Department for Work and Pensions office, accessible via the Four Lane Ends Interchange.

 

The Coach Lane Campus is home to a number of areas of the Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, in particular the Departments of Nursing, Midwifery and Health and Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, as well as the Police Constable Degree Apprenticeships programmes. Coach Lane Campus has computing and library services; and sports facilities, including indoor courts, a fitness suite, outdoor rugby and football pitches, and an all-weather floodlit pitch.

 

London Campus

The London Campus offers full-time or part-time programmes, from a range of Business, Computing, Cyber, Project Management and Technology focused programmes to approximately 2,500 students. The campus is delivered in partnership with QA Higher Education, part of QA, the UK's largest corporate training provider. The campus is near Liverpool Street station, close to the heart of London's financial district.

 

International

Northumbria University has an international campus based in Amsterdam, Netherlands through a partnership with Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences where it offers accredited postgraduate qualifications and the opportunity for undergraduates to experience overseas studies.

 

Organisation and structure

Northumbria offers programmes in the disciplines of law and business, arts and design, engineering, mathematics, physics computing, geography and environmental sciences, architecture and built environment, applied sciences and healthcare, sports science, humanities and social sciences, psychology, nursing, social work and teacher education.

 

Northumbria University employs more than 3,100 people and offers undergraduate, postgraduate, CPD and degree apprenticeship programmes through four Faculties:

 

Faculty of Arts, Design and Social Sciences

Faculty of Business and Law

Faculty of Engineering and Environment

Faculty of Health and Life Sciences

 

Newcastle Business School

In September 2007, Northumbria University opened its new Newcastle Business School building on the site of the former Warner Brothers cinema as part of a £136m city campus east development. Newcastle Business School is the only university in the UK to hold double AACSB accreditation for business and accounting which makes them form part of an elite group of 190 institutions worldwide to hold this. As of 2020, The university also holds accreditation for EPAS in 21 different undergraduate programmes, more than any other university in the UK. Newcastle Business School has also developed relations with a wide range of other professional bodies. As a result, the university can offer a wide range of professional exemptions in its programmes such as the Accountancy degree which holds exemptions from many of the top accountancy boards including ICAEW, ACCA, and CIMA.

 

In 2015, Newcastle Business School was the winner of ‘UK Business School of the Year’ at the Times Higher Education Awards.

 

Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

 

Northumbria Law School is the largest law school within the north-east of England. It is part of only six institutions outside of London that provides the Bar Professional Training Course. Northumbria Law School is located within City Campus East where it shares its building with Newcastle Business School.

 

Northumbria also offers 'clinical' courses in law accredited by the Law Society and Bar Council. These allow graduates direct entry to the profession. The institution's Student Law Office is a clinical legal education enterprise, where law students participate in a legal advice and representation scheme on behalf of real clients, under the supervision of practising lawyers. The student law office has managed over 8,300 enquiries, represented over 3,000 clients and secured over £1.6m in compensation since 2005. In 2013, the university was awarded with the Queens Anniversary Prize in Further and Higher and Further Education for outstanding community work of its student law office.

 

Medicine

Although the university roots are linked with medicine through the Sutherland Building being formerly the Medical School of Durham University, it has not offered medicine as a programme until recently. Northumbria has a joint medical programme through a partnership with St George's University of Grenada. As part of the programme the teaching hours are split between time spent within the Grenada and the United Kingdom. The programme has been expanded in recent years with an increased amount of time that students can spend within the United Kingdom.

 

Research

Northumbria was one of the best performing universities in the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, rising the highest number of places in a ranking of 'research power' by THE. The university climbed to 23rd place from 50th in 2014 and 80th in 2008.

 

In the UK Research Assessment Exercise 2008 some research in nine of twelve areas submitted was described as "world-leading". In the 2014 Research Assessment Exercise, Northumbria was one of the UK top 50 for research power and the university which had risen fastest up the rankings.

 

Reputation and rankings

Northumbria was named UK University of the Year by Times Higher Education in November 2022.

Northumbria University is in the top 25 for research power in the UK, according to the results of the 2021 Research Excellence Framework, Times Higher Education REF2021 rankings.

Northumbria University is the top University in the North East for sustainability, according to the People and Planet league table

Northumbria is one of the highest ranked UK universities in the Times Higher Education's Young Universities Rankings (2022-).

 

Student life

Northumbria Students' Union is a campaigning and representative organisation. It is a charity currently exempt from registration and is led by six Sabbatical Officers (President and five vice-presidents) and a 26-member Student Council.

 

The Students' Union offers a range of student activities such as NSU/Community, NSU/Media (Which encompasses NSU/TV, NSU/Life and NSU/Snaps), NSU/Rag (Raise and Give),NSU/Societies, NSU/Employability, Duke of Edinburgh awards and Fast Friends. It represents students in academic and non-academic matters through a nationally recognised School Reps and Postgraduate Research Reps Systems. The university building contains several venues for students to socialise in a safe environment, chiefly at Habita (formerly Bar One), Domain (formerly The Venue) and Reds. In 2011, Northumbria Students' Union received the National Union of Students award for best higher education students' union.

 

In 2016, Northumbria Students' Union received the National Union of Students award for Student Opportunities and runner up for the Education Award.

 

Sport

Northumbria is considered one of the leading universities for Rugby League in the UK, after being crowned BUCS National Champions in 2017, 2018, 2019 and 2022. In 2022 Northumbria entered 69 teams into BUCS, the highest number to date for the university.

 

Sport Awards:

In 2014 Northumbria won the BUCS Most Improved University for Sport award following a rise in the national ranking from 20th in 2010 to 8th in 2014 where they remained until 2017.

In 2017 Sport's Student Leadership and Workforce programme was recognised as the best in the country when awarded the BUCS Workforce Development programme of the year.

Sporting Alumni:

 

Northumbria has several world class sporting alumni including Steve Cram CBE, Stephen Miller MBE, and Victoria Pendleton CBE. Northumbria support talented athletes through its partnership with the TASS Scheme and their own Student Athlete Scholarship Scheme. Current student Taka Suzuki won seven medals, including five golds and two silvers in swimming at Tokyo 2020 Summer Paralympics Games.

 

Notable alumni

Sam Ainsley, artist.

Bibiana Aído Almagro, Spanish politician, previously served as Minister for Equality

Chris Whitty, Chief Medical Officer for England

Vera Baird, Victims's Commissioner for England and Wales, former Northumbria Police and Crime Commissioner, former MP for Redcar

Tunde Baiyewu, vocalist, lead singer of the Lighthouse Family

Amanda Berry, Chief Executive of BAFTA

Rodney Bickerstaffe, former General Secretary of UNISON

Gavin Brown, art dealer

Lord Brownlow, Conservative peer

Alan Campbell, MP for Tynemouth

Nigel Cabourn, fashion designer

Mac Collins, artist and designer

Chris Cook, GB Commonwealth and Olympic swimmer

Martin Corry, England rugby international, and Leicester Tigers

Steve Cram, English athlete and television presenter

Ali Dia, Senegalese footballer

Rick Dickinson, designer of the ZX81 computer

Anke Domscheit-Berg, member of the German Bundestag

Robbie Elliott, footballer and coach

Deborah Enenche, Gospel artist and lawyer

John Fashanu, footballer and TV personality

Toby Flood, England rugby international, and Leicester Tigers

Bridget Galloway, Sunderland A.F.C. Women and England youth international

Mary Glindon, MP for North Tyneside

Lady Edwina Louise Grosvenor, prison reformer

Scott Henshall, fashion designer

Max Lamb, furniture designer

Jason Holland, designer

Louise Hopkins, artist

Ben Houchen, the first Mayor of Tees Valley

Chris Salkeld (born 1991), racing driver

Sir Jonathan Ive, industrial designer, Chief Design Officer (CDO) of Apple Inc. and Chancellor of the Royal College of Art in London

Kevan Jones, MP for North Durham

Riley Jones, actor

Bharti Kher, contemporary artist

Emma Lewell-Buck, MP for South Shields

Duncan Lloyd, lead guitarist of Maxïmo Park

Guy Mankowski, author

Neil Marshall, film director

Alexei Mordashov, Russian business oligarch

Bob Murray, former chairman of Sunderland AFC

Jamie Noon, England rugby international, and Newcastle Falcons player

Victoria Pendleton, Olympic cyclist

Laura Pidcock, former MP for North West Durham

Jonathon Prested, poker player

Gerry Steinberg, former MP for City of Durham

Sting, musician

Alan Tomes, Rugby International Scotland and British Lions

Kevin Whately, actor

Stewart Wingate, CEO of Gatwick Airport

Zeb Kyffin, professional cyclist for Ribble Weldtite

The Postcard

 

A postcard bearing no publisher's name that was posted in Beaconsfield using a ½d. stamp on Friday the 15th. October 1909. It was sent to:

 

Miss Maggie Rumbold,

c/o Mrs. Rumbold,

The Barley Mow,

Bridge Street,

Hungerford,

Bucks.

 

The message on the divided back was as follows:

 

"Dear M,

Am having a fine time

here. It is very pretty.

Hope you are well.

Yours in haste,

Elsie."

 

-- The Barley Mow

 

The T&M Register records that the landlord of the Barley Mow from 1909 until 1913 was Thomas William Rumbold.

 

Alas, the Barley Mow, which was situated at 18-19 Bridge Street, closed in 1956. The premises were converted into a motor garage in 1963.

 

Edmund Waller

 

The ornate tomb of Edmund Waller was built in the late 17th. century. Edmund Waller was a poet and MP. In his later life he lived in Buckinghamshire.

 

Edmund Waller (1606 - 1687) lived at nearby Hall Barn. His tomb in the grounds of the Church of St. Mary and All Saints is a Grade II Listed Monument, described thus by English Heritage:

 

"A marble obelisk is set on 4 winged skulls,

the whole on a chest tomb type base in grey

stone with relief carved drapery and flaming

urns. Iron spearhead railings around."

 

-- The Life of Edmund Waller

 

Edmund Waller, JP, FRS, who was born on the 3rd. March 1606, was an English poet and politician who was Member of Parliament for various constituencies between 1624 and 1687, and one of the longest-serving members of the English House of Commons.

 

Son of a wealthy lawyer with extensive estates in Buckinghamshire, Waller first entered Parliament in 1624, although he played little part in the political struggles of the period prior to the First English Civil War in 1642.

 

Unlike his relatives William and Hardress Waller, he was Royalist in sympathy and was accused in 1643 of organising a plot to seize London for Charles I. He allegedly escaped the death penalty by paying a large bribe, while several conspirators were executed, including his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins.

 

After his sentence was commuted to banishment, he lived in comfortable exile in France and Switzerland until allowed home in 1651 by Oliver Cromwell, a distant relative.

 

Edmund returned to Parliament after The Restoration in 1660 of Charles II. Known as a fine and amusing orator, he held a number of minor offices. He largely retired from active politics after the death of his second wife in 1677, and died of edema in October 1687.

 

Best remembered now for his poem "Song (Go, lovely rose)", Waller's earliest writing dates to the late 1630's, commemorating events that occurred in the 1620's, including a piece on Charles's escape from a shipwreck at Santander in 1625.

 

Written in heroic couplets, it is one of the first examples of a form used by English poets for some two centuries; his verse was admired by John Dryden among others, while he was a close friend of Thomas Hobbes and John Evelyn.

 

When he died, Waller was considered a major English poet, but his reputation declined over the next century. One critic described him as@

 

"A fairweather Royalist, an expedient

Republican and mercenary

bridegroom'.

 

He is now regarded as a minor author, whose primary significance was to develop a form adapted and improved by later poets like Alexander Pope.

 

-- Edmund Waller's Personal Details

 

Edmund Waller was born at Stocks Place, Coleshill, Buckinghamshire, the eldest son of Robert Waller (1560 – 1616) and Anne Hampden (1589 – 1658).

 

He came from a family of 15, many of whom survived to adulthood, including Cecilia (1603 – ?), who married Nathaniel Tomkins, executed for his part in the 1643 plot. Edmund's sister Mary (1608 – 1660) married Adrian Scrope, who was executed in 1660 as a regicide.

 

In 1631, Edmund married Anne Banks, the orphaned heiress of a wealthy merchant. Anne died in childbirth in 1634, leaving two children, Robert (1633 – 1652) and Elizabeth (1634 – 1683).

 

In 1644, Edmund re-married, this time to Mary Bracey, who died in 1677, and they had numerous children.

 

Upon his death, Edmund's estate was valued at the then considerable sum of £40,000 (equivalent to £8,766,000 in 2023).

 

-- Edmund Waller's Career

 

Waller attended Royal Grammar School, High Wycombe, followed by Eton and King's College, Cambridge. He left without a degree, and as was common in this period did a course in law at Lincoln's Inn, graduating in 1622.

 

Edmund was first elected in 1624 as MP for Ilchester, when he was the youngest person in the Commons, then for Chepping Wycombe in 1626.

 

On coming of age in 1627, he inherited an estate worth up to £2,500 a year, making him one of the wealthiest men in Buckinghamshire.

 

Returned for Amersham in 1628, he made virtually no impact on Parliament before it was dissolved in 1629, when Charles I instituted eleven years of Personal Rule.

 

During this period, he became friends with George Morley, later Bishop of Worcester, who guided his reading and provided advice on writing, while Waller paid his debts.

 

Morley also introduced Waller to Lucius Cary, 2nd. Viscount Falkland; he became a member of the Great Tew Circle, which included Edward Hyde, and was greatly influenced by Falkland's moderation and tolerance.

 

Nineteenth-century biographers dated Edmund's earliest work to the 1620's, largely because they commemorate events occurring in that period, but modern scholars suggest that they were actually written in the mid to late 1630's in an attempt to build a career at court.

 

As well as Charles Ist. himself, many of his works were addressed to members of the extended Percy family, such as the Countess of Carlisle, the Countess of Sunderland and the Earl of Northumberland.

 

Hyde recorded that Waller became a poet at the age of thirty:

 

"... when other men give

over writing verses".

 

John Pym gave Waller responsibility for the impeachment of Sir Francis Crawley, one of the Ship Money judges, but he confirmed his Royalist sympathies by voting against the execution of Strafford in April 1641, and the removal of bishops from the House of Lords.

 

Unlike Hyde and Falkland who joined the king when the First English Civil War began in August 1642, Waller remained in London, apparently with Charles' permission, where he continued to support moderates like Denzil Holles who wanted a negotiated peace.

 

In May 1643 a plot was uncovered, allegedly organised by Waller along with his brother-in-law Nathaniel Tomkins, and wealthy merchant Richard Chaloner. What apparently began as a plan to force Parliament into negotiations by withholding taxes turned into an armed conspiracy, intended to allow the Royalist army to take control of London.

 

After Waller was arrested, he made a full confession, implicating a number of his co-conspirators; he escaped the death penalty, allegedly by paying bribes, while Chaloner and Tomkins were executed on the 5th. July 1643.

 

After spending 18 months in prison without trial, Waller was fined £10,000 and permitted to go into exile in November 1644, accompanied by his new wife Mary; however, the affair caused lasting damage to his reputation.

 

Waller travelled with John Evelyn in Switzerland and Italy; unlike many Royalists, he lived in some comfort using money sent to him by his mother. The Rump Parliament allowed him to return home in January 1652.

 

He established good relations with Cromwell, writing him a 'Panegyrick' in 1655, and later supporting proposals to make him king; in a poem written after the capture of the Spanish treasure fleet in 1658, he suggested:

 

"Let the rich ore be forthwith melted

down, and the state fixed by making

him a crown."

 

When Charles II returned to the throne after The Restoration, Waller commemorated the occasion with his 1660 poem 'To the King, upon his Majesty's Happy Return.'

 

Reconciling past support for the Commonwealth with the restored monarchy was a problem faced by many. When asked by the King on this point, Waller is reported to have replied:

 

"Poets, Sir, succeeded better

at fiction than in truth."

 

Edmund's biographer Samuel Johnson wrote in 1779 that:

 

"it shows a prostituted mind may retain

the glitter of wit, but has lost the dignity

of virtue."

 

In 1661, Edmund was elected to the Cavalier Parliament as MP for Hastings; he became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1663, although does not appear to have contributed papers himself.

 

He played a prominent role in the impeachment and exile of Clarendon in 1667, and thereafter held a number of positions under the Cabal ministry.

 

Originally viewed as a supporter of the Court, after 1674 Edmund gained a reputation for independence, and was still regarded as one of the best speakers in the Commons.

 

Generally an advocate of religious tolerance, especially for Protestant Nonconformists, he was however convinced of the truth of the Popish Plot in 1678 and withdrew from active politics during the 1679 to 1681 Exclusion Crisis.

 

On the accession of James II, Edmund was elected for Saltash in 1685. He wrote two poems to the new king, urging reconciliation and national unity, but James suspended Parliament in November after it refused to pass his Declaration of Indulgence.

 

Waller died at the age of 81 at his London house in St James's on the 21st. October 1687. He was suffering from oedema. Oedema is a build-up of fluid in the body which causes the affected tissue to become swollen.

 

He was laid to rest in the churchyard of St Mary and All Saints’ Church, Beaconsfield; his tomb is now Grade II* listed.

 

-- Edmund Waller's Literary Works and Assessment

 

Waller was admired by contemporaries including John Dryden and Gerard Langbaine, although his extravagant praise for members of the court and Royal family was later parodied by Andrew Marvell in 'Last Instructions to a Painter.'

 

Described by Francis Atterbury as "the Parent of English Verse", by the nineteenth century Edmund's work was out of favour. Edmund Gosse, author of his biography in the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, wrote:

 

"Waller's lyrics were at one time admired

to excess, but with the exception of 'Go,

Lovely Rose' and one or two others, they

have greatly lost their charm."

 

By 1995, the protagonist of 'The Information', a novel by Martin Amis, dismisses him as:

 

"...a seat-warmer, air sniffer

and mediocrity.'

 

However, H. M. Redmond argued that 'immoderate censure of his life' had combined with 'interest-killing appreciation' of his verse to prevent a dispassionate assessment.

 

One suggestion is while his writing is limited, he played an important role in developing a format and style adapted and improved by Alexander Pope among others.

 

Much of Edmund's early poetry was written for the Caroline court, while he was famous for his 'Panegyricks', written in support of Cromwell, then both Charles II and his brother James, as well as other members of the Royal family.

 

His longest and most ambitious work of this type portrayed the inconclusive 1665 Battle of Lowestoft; presenting it as an heroic victory and heaping praise on James, it was widely ridiculed.

 

Edmund was strongly influenced by Thomas Hobbes, whose Leviathan he admired, and whose De Cive he at one point proposed to translate.

 

His early work was far more successful than later efforts, and during his exile an unlicensed collection of his poems was published in 1645. They were popular in part because they were easily set to music.

 

Two volumes of previously uncollected writings, 'The Maid's Tragedy Altered' and 'The Second Part of Mr Waller's Poems' were published after his death in 1690. They included 'Divine Poems', self-published by Waller in 1686; most critics view them as 'indifferent' and showing his decline as a writer.

 

Dover Harbour

 

So what else happened on the day that Elsie posted the card?

 

Well, on the 15th. October 1909, Dover Harbour was opened as a suitable port for the British Navy after eleven years and $20,000,000 worth of improvements.

 

The Prince of Wales dedicated the harbor, which could now accommodate the largest British dreadnoughts.

 

Margie Hines

 

The day also marked the birth in NYC of the American animation voice artist Margie Hines.

 

Margaret Louise Hines was known for her work at Fleischer Studios, where she was the original voice of Betty Boop.

 

Hines served from 1930 until 1932, and again from 1938 until 1939, before voicing Olive Oyl and Swee' Pea in the Popeye the Sailor cartoons from 1938 to 1944.

 

She also provided the voices for Fleischer's animated films Gulliver's Travels and Mr Bug Goes to Town.

 

-- Margie Hines' Career

 

Hines was the original voice actress for Fleischer's cartoon character Betty Boop. Whilst she was touring vaudeville, she was heard by vocalist Billy Murray, an employee at Fleischer studio, who suggested that she was the right choice for the voice of the character.

 

Sstudio head Max Fleischer hired Hines, as she was a Helen Kane sound-alike, and Kane was the basis for the character.

Margie made her debut in the cartoon short Dizzy Dishes in 1930.

 

Hines and several other actresses voiced Betty until Mae Questel took over the role in 1931.

 

Beginning in 1932, Hines also did vocals for Aesop's Film Fables and Tom and Jerry, produced by Van Beuren Studios. Her Van Beuren credits were erroneously attributed to Bonnie Poe, another actress who had worked for Fleischer on Betty Boop cartoons.

 

Mae Questel, who was Fleischer's voice for Betty Boop and Popeye characters Olive Oyl and Swee'Pea during the mid-1930's, left show business in 1938 to start a family.

 

It was that year when Margie Hines was recalled as Questel's replacement. She moved with the Fleischer Studios staff when they left New York City for Miami. As a result, Hines assumed the roles done by Questel in both the Betty Boop and Popeye series.

 

Hines voiced Betty Boop through her final series entries in 1939, and continued to voice Olive until 1943, when the studio, by then taken over by Paramount Pictures and renamed Famous Studios, returned to New York.

 

The Marry-Go-Round (1943) was Hines' final short as the voice of Olive, with Mae Questel returning to the role in 1944 in The Anvil Chorus Girl.

 

-- Margie Hines' Personal Life

 

On the 3rd. March 1939, Hines married her 29 year old co-star Winfield B. "Jack" Mercer, who provided the voice of Popeye. At the time of her marriage, her mother lived on Long Island and had the two remarry at a New York church.

 

The two later divorced in 1950. Hines married for a second time in 1951, to Raymond Brenneis (1922–1981), in Greenwich, Connecticut. However, the couple divorced in 1954. In 1956, Hines married Jesse William Heidtmann (1918–1997) in Southold, New York.

 

Margie died in Seaford, New York on the 23rd. December 1985, at the age of 76.

His full name is Nithiraj Bisnatsingh, but everyone calls him 'Tchin'. He was my opponent in the Academic Representation elections and now he has graduated, he's going to do a postgrad course in law.

PERSHING: THE LEADER OF AMERICA'S BIGGEST ARMY

 

It was a historic moment, on that June day, in the third year of the World War. On the landing stage at the French harbor of Boulogne was drawn up a company of French soldiers, who looked eagerly at the approaching steamer. They were not dress parade soldiers nor smart cadets—only battle-scarred veterans home from the trenches, with the tired look of war in their eyes. For three years they had been hoping and praying that the Americans would come—and here they were at last!

 

As the steamer slowly approached the dock, a small group of officers might be discerned, looking as eagerly landward as the men on shore had sought them out. In the center of this group stood a man in the uniform of a General in the United States Army. There was, however, little to distinguish his dress from that of his staff, except the marks of rank on his collar, and the service ribbons across his breast. To those who could read the insignia, they spelled many days of arduous duty in places far removed. America was sending a seasoned soldier, one tried out as by fire.

 

The man's face was seamed from exposure to the suns of the tropics and the sands of the desert. But his dark eyes glowed with the untamable fire of youth. He was full six feet in height, straight, broad-shouldered, and muscular. The well-formed legs betrayed the old-time calvalryman. The alert poise of the man showed a nature constantly on guard against surprise—the typical soldier in action.

 

Such was General Pershing when he set foot on foreign shore at the head of an American army—the first time in history that our soldiers had ever served on European soil. America was at last repaying to France her debt of gratitude, for aid received nearly a century and a half earlier. And it was an Alsatian by descent who could now say:

 

"Lafayette, we come!"

 

Who was this man who had been selected for so important a task? The eyes of the whole world were upon him, when he reached France. His was a task of tremendous difficulties, and a single slip on his part would have brought shame upon his country, no less than upon himself. That he was to succeed, and to win the official thanks of Congress are now matters of history. The story of his wonderful campaign against the best that Germany could send against him is also an oft-told story. But the rise of the man himself to such commanding position is a tale not so familiar, yet none the less interesting.

 

The great-grandfather of General Pershing was an emigrant from Alsace—fleeing as a boy from the military service of the Teutons. He worked his way across to Baltimore, and not long thereafter volunteered to fight in the American Revolution. His was the spirit of freedom. He fled to escape a service that was hateful, because it represented tyranny; but was glad to serve in the cause of liberty.

 

The original family name was Pfirsching, but was soon shortened to its present form. The Pershings got land grants in Pennsylvania, and began to prosper. As the clan multiplied the sons and grandsons began to scatter. They had the pioneer spirit of their ancestors.

 

At length, John F. Pershing, a grandson of Daniel, the first immigrant, went to the Middle West, to work on building railroads. These were the days, just before the Civil War, when railroads were being thrown forward everywhere. Young Pershing had early caught the fever, and had worked with construction gangs in Kentucky and Tennessee. Now as the railroads pushed still further West, he went with them as section foreman—after first persuading an attractive Nashville girl, Ann Thompson, to go with him as his wife.

 

Their honeymoon was spent among the hardships of a construction camp in

Missouri; and here at Laclede, in a very primitive house, John Joseph

Pershing was born, September 13, 1860.

The boy inherited a sturdy frame and a love of freedom from both sides of the family. His mother had come of a race quite as good as that of his father. They were honest, law-abiding, God-fearing people, who saw to it that John and the other eight children who followed were reared soberly and strictly. The Bible lay on the center table and the willow switch hung conveniently behind the door.

 

After the line of railroad was completed upon which the father had worked, he came to Laclede and invested his savings in a small general store. It proved a profitable venture. It was the only one in town, and Pershing's reputation for square-dealing brought him many customers. A neighbor pays him this tribute:

 

"John F. Pershing was a man of commanding presence. He was a great family man and loved his family devotedly. He was not lax, and ruled his family well.

 

"The Pershing family were zealous church people. John F. Pershing was the Sunday School superintendent of the Methodist Church all the years he lived here. Every Sunday you could see him making his way to church with John on one side and Jim on the other, Mrs. Pershing and the girls following along."

 

John F. Pershing was a strong Union man, and although local feeling ran high between the North and the South, he retained the esteem of his neighbors. He had one or two close calls from the "bushwhackers," as roving rangers were called, but his family escaped harm.

 

At times during the War, he was entrusted with funds by various other families, and acted as a sort of local bank. After the War he was postmaster.

 

The close of the War found the younger John a stocky boy of five. He began to attend the village school and take an active part in the boyish sports of a small town. There was always plenty to do, whether of work or play. One of his boyhood chums writes:

 

"John Pershing was a clean, straight, well-behaved young fellow. He never was permitted to loaf around on the streets. Nobody jumped on him, and he didn't jump on anybody. He attended strictly to his own business. He had his lessons when he went to class. He was not a big talker. He said a lot in a few words, and didn't try to cut any swell. He was a hard student. He was not brilliant, but firm, solid, and would hang on to the very last. We used to study our lessons together evenings. About nine-thirty or ten o'clock, I'd say:

 

"'John, how are you coming?'

 

"'Pretty stubborn.'

 

"'Better go to bed, hadn't we?'

 

"'No, Charley, I'm going to work this out.'"

 

Another schoolmate gives us a more human picture:

 

"As a boy, Pershing was not unlike thousands of other boys of his age, enjoying the same pleasures and games as his other boyhood companions. He knew the best places to shoot squirrels or quail, and knew where to find the hazel or hickory nuts. He knew, too, where the coolest and deepest swimming pools in the Locust, Muddy, or Turkey creeks were. Many a time we went swimming together in Pratt's Pond."

 

About this time Pershing's father added to his other ventures the purchase of a farm near Laclede, and the family moved out there. Then there was indeed plenty of work to do. The chores often began before sun-up, and lasted till after dark; and the children were lucky to find time for schooling during the late Fall and Winter months. John, however, kept doggedly at it, and managed to get a fair, common-school education.

 

When he was barely in his 'teens, his first set task was given him—to teach in a negro school. This school had been established after the War ended, but the teacher had gone, and no one else seemed available for the job. John was sober and studious, and besides was so well grown for his age that they banked on his ability to "lick" any negro boy that got obstreperous.

 

He succeeded sufficiently in this venture, to cause him to take up teaching regularly, in white schools, with a view to paying for his education. He wanted to study law, and his parents encouraged the idea. His work in these country schools was invaluable to him in teaching him how to govern others. A former pupil of his writes:

 

"Though he never sought a quarrel, young Pershing was known as 'a game fighter,' who never acknowledged defeat. One day, at Prairie Mound, at the noon hour a big farmer with red sideburns rode up to the schoolhouse with a revolver in his hand. Pershing had whipped one of the farmer's children, and the enraged parent intended to give the young schoolmaster a flogging.

 

"I remember how he rode up cursing before all the children in the schoolyard, and how another boy and I ran down a gully because we were afraid. We peeked over the edge, though, and heard Pershing tell the farmer to put up his gun, get down off his horse, and fight like a man.

 

"The farmer got down and John stripped off his coat. He was only a boy of seventeen or eighteen and slender, but he thrashed the old farmer soundly. And I have hated red sideburns ever since."

 

After several terms of country school teaching, young Pershing saved up enough money to enter the State Normal School, at Kirksville, Mo. One of his sisters went with him. He remained there for two terms, doing his usual good steady work, but was still dissatisfied. He wanted to get a better education.

 

About this time he happened to notice an announcement of a competitive examination in his district for an entrance to West Point. The soldiering side did not appeal to him, but the school side did.

 

"I wouldn't stay in the army," he remarked to a friend. "There won't be a gun fired in the world for a hundred years, I guess. If there isn't, I'll study law, but I want an education, and now I see how I can get it."

 

His mother was by no means "sold" on the idea of his becoming a soldier either, and it was only when he assured her that there wouldn't be a gun fired in a hundred years, that she finally consented. If she could have looked ahead to his future career, and final part in the greatest war the world has ever known—one wonders what her emotions would have been!

 

Pershing passed his entrance examination by a narrow margin, and then entered a training school at Highland Falls, N. Y., for tutoring in certain deficient branches. At last in June, 1882, when he was just rounding his twenty-second year, he became a freshman in the great Academy on the Hudson.

 

The young plebe from the West speedily fell in love with the institution and all that it represented. He found the soldier life awakening in him, along with his desire for a good education. Four happy years were spent there—and while he didn't shine, being number thirty in a class of seventy-seven, his all-around qualities made him many friends among both faculty and students. He was made ranking cadet captain in his senior year, and chosen class president.

 

Twenty-five years later, writing from clear around the world, at Manila, to his class, at a reunion, he gives a long, breezy account of his experience there, from which we have space to quote only a few sentences:

 

"This brings up a period of West Point life whose vivid impressions will be the last to fade. Marching into camp, piling bedding, policing company streets for logs or wood carelessly dropped by upper classmen, pillow fights at tattoo with Marcus Miller, sabre drawn, marching up and down superintending the plebe class, policing up feathers from the general parade; light artillery drills, double-timing around old Fort Clinton at morning squad drill; Wiley Bean and the sad fate of his seersucker coat; midnight dragging, and the whole summer full of events can only be mentioned in passing.

 

"No one can ever forget his first guard tour with all its preparation and perspiration. I got along all right during the day, but at night on the color line my troubles began. Of course, I was scared beyond the point of properly applying any of my orders. A few minutes after taps, ghosts of all sorts began to appear from all directions. I selected a particularly bold one and challenged according to orders: 'Halt, who comes there?' At that the ghost stood still in its tracks. I then said: 'Halt, who stands there?' Whereupon the ghost, who was carrying a chair, sat down. When I promptly said: 'Halt, who sits there?' . . .

 

"The career of '86 at West Point was in many respects remarkable. There were no cliques, no dissensions, and personal prejudices or selfishness, if any existed, never came to the surface. From the very day we entered, the class as a unit has always stood for the very best traditions of West Point."

 

While Pershing was still in West Point, the Indian chief Geronimo was making trouble in the Southwest. For several years he led a band of outlaw braves, who terrorized the Southern border. General Crook was sent in pursuit of him, and afterwards General Miles took up the chase. Finally in August, 1886, the chief and his followers were rounded up.

 

Pershing graduated in the spring of this year, with the usual rank given to graduates, second lieutenant, and was immediately assigned to duty under Miles. He had an inconspicuous part in the capture. But the next year in the special maneuvers he was personally complimented by the General for "marching his troops with a pack train of 140 mules in 46 hours and bringing in every animal in good condition." Doubtless his early experience with the Missouri brand of mule aided him.

 

Thereafter, for the next five years, Pershing's life was that of a plainsman. He was successively at Fort Bayard, Fort Stanton, and Fort Wingate, all in New Mexico, in the center of troubled country. In 1890 he was shifted north to take the field against the Sioux Indians, in South Dakota, and in the Battle of Wounded Knee he had a considerable taste of burnt powder, where the tribe that had massacred General Custer and his band was practically wiped out. The next year he was stationed at Fort Niobrara, in Nebraska, in command of the Sioux Indian Scouts.

 

This rapid summary of a busy and adventurous life on the plains does not convey any idea of its many activities. But it was an exceedingly valuable period of training to the young officer. He was finding himself, and learning something of the inner art of military science that he was later to put to such good use.

 

Here is the opinion of an officer who was Pershing's senior in the

Sixth Cavalry by six years—all of them spent in the Apache country:

"In those days, when a youngster joined a regiment, he was not expected to express himself on military matters until he had some little experience. But there was a certain something in Pershing's appearance and manner which made him an exception to the rule. Within a very short time after he came to the post, a senior officer would turn to him, and say: 'Pershing, what do you think of this?' and his opinion was such that we always listened to it. He was quiet, unobtrusive in his opinions, but when asked he always went to the meat of a question in a few words. From the first he had responsible duties thrown on him. We all learned to respect and like him. He was genial and full of fun. No matter what the work or what the play, he always took a willing and leading part. He worked hard and he played hard; but whenever he had work to do, he never let play interfere with it."

 

His experiences in the Wild West (and it was the Wild West in those days) cannot be passed over without relating one typical anecdote. Three cattle rustlers, white men, had gotten into a fight with the Zuni Indians, who caught them driving off some cattle. Three of the red men were killed before the outlaws were finally surrounded in a lonely cabin.

 

Word was sent of their predicament to the nearest fort, and Lieutenant Pershing was sent with a small detachment to their rescue. He rode straight up to the Zuni chief, who was now on the warpath, and told him he must call off his braves—that the United States Government would punish these men. The chief finally grunted assent, and Pershing strode forward alone into the clearing and approached the cabin. At any time a shot might have come out, but disregarding his own danger he went on, pushed open the door, and found himself looking into the muzzles of three guns.

 

A single false move on his part would probably have ended him, but he did not waver. He folded his arms and said quietly:

 

"Well, boys, I've come to get you."

 

The outlaws laughed noisily and swore by way of reply.

 

"You might as well come along," he went on, without raising his voice.

"My men are posted all around this cabin."

More profanity, but the men at last consented to go, if they could carry their guns. They wouldn't budge otherwise.

 

"You'll come as I say, and you'll be quick about it," said Pershing, a note of command coming into his voice.

 

And they did.

 

The next duty which fell to Lieutenant Pershing was quite different. From chasing Indians and outlaws on the plains, he was assigned to the task of putting some "half baked" cadets through their paces. In September, 1891, he became Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University of Nebraska.

 

The discipline at this school was of a piece with that of other State colleges, where a certain amount of drilling was demanded, but beyond this the students were allowed to go their own gait. At Nebraska it had become pretty lax—but the arrival of the new instructor changed all that. A student of this time, in a recent article in The Red Cross Magazine, gives a humorous account of what happened.

 

It was the general belief that the students in these Western colleges, many of them farmers' sons, could never be taught the West Point idea. "But the Lieutenant who had just arrived from Lincoln received an impression startlingly in contrast to the general one. He looked over the big crowd of powerful young men, and, himself a storehouse and radiating center of energy and forcefulness, recognized the same qualities when he saw them.

 

"'By George! I've got the finest material in the world,'" he told the Chancellor, his steel-like eyes alight with enthusiasm. 'You could do anything with those boys. They've got the stuff in them! Watch me get it out!'

 

"And he proceeded to do so.

 

"By the middle of the first winter the battalion was in shape to drill together. Moreover, the boys had made a nickname for their leader, and nicknames mean a great deal in student life. He was universally called 'the Lieut.' (pronounced 'Loot,' of course, in the real American accent), as though there were but one lieutenant in the world. This he was called behind his back, of course. To his face they called him 'sir,' a title of respect which they had never thought to give to any man alive.

 

"By the end of that first academic year every man under him would have followed 'the Lieut.' straight into a prairie fire, and would have kept step while doing it."

 

As he gradually got his group of officers licked into shape, he found less to do personally. So he promptly complained to the Chancellor, to this effect, and asked, like Oliver Twist, for more.

 

"After a moment's stupefaction (the Lieut. was then doing five times the work that any officer before him had ever done) the Chancellor burst into a great laugh and suggested that the Lieut. should take the law course in the law school of the University. He added that if two men's work was not enough for him, he might do three men's, and teach some of the classes in the Department of Mathematics. Without changing his stride in the least, the young officer swept these two occupations along with him, bought some civilian clothes and a derby hat, and became both professor and student in the University, where he was also military attaché.

 

"During the next two years he ate up the law course with a fiery haste which raised the degree of class work to fever heat. Those who were fellow students with him, and survived, found the experience immensely stimulating."

 

Of course he graduated, and was thus entitled to write another title after his name—that of Bachelor of Arts. About this time, also, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, the first official recognition for his many long months of work. Then he was sent back to the field again, to join the Tenth Cavalry at Fort Assiniboine, Montana.

 

Next came a welcome command to take the position of Assistant Instructor of Tactics, at West Point. It was almost like getting back home, to see these loved hills, the mighty river, and the familiar barracks again.

 

But after a few months here, the Spanish War broke out. Eager to get into the action, he resigned his position at the Military Academy, and was transferred to his former regiment, the Tenth Cavalry. This regiment was sent immediately to Santiago, and took part in the short but spirited fighting at El Caney and San Juan hill—where a certain Colonel of the Rough Riders was in evidence. Side by side these two crack regiments charged up the slope, dominated by the Spanish fort, and here Roosevelt and Pershing first met.

 

We would like to fancy these two intrepid soldiers as recognizing each other here in the din of battle. But the truth is sometimes more prosaic than fiction; and the truth compels us to reprint this little anecdote from The World's Work.

 

Five years after the Spanish War, when Roosevelt was President and

Pershing was a mere Captain, he was invited to luncheon at the White

House.

"Captain Pershing," said the President, when the party was seated at the table, "did I ever meet you in the Santiago campaign?"

 

"Yes, Mr. President, just once."

 

"When was that? What did I say?"

 

"Since there are ladies here, I can't repeat just what you said, Mr.

President."

There was a general laugh in which Roosevelt joined.

 

"Tell me the circumstances, then."

 

"Why, I had gone back with a mule team to Siboney, to get supplies for the men. The night was pitch black and it was raining torrents. The road was a streak of mud. On the way back to the front, I heard noise and confusion ahead. I knew it was a mired mule team. An officer in the uniform of a Rough Rider was trying to get the mules out of the mud, and his remarks, as I said a moment ago, should not be quoted before the ladies. I suggested that the best thing to do, was to take my mules and pull your wagon out, and then get your mules out. This was done, and we saluted and parted."

 

"Well," said Roosevelt, "if there ever was a time when a man would be justified in using bad language, it would be in the middle of a rainy night, with his mules down in the mud and his wagon loaded with things soldiers at the front needed."

 

Pershing, as a result of the Cuban campaign, was twice recommended for brevet commissions, for "personal bravery and untiring energy and faithfulness." General Baldwin said of him: "Pershing is the coolest man under fire I ever saw."

 

But it was not until 1901 that he became Captain. He had now been transferred at his own request to the Philippines. Whether or not he won promotion through the slow-moving machinery of the war office, his energetic spirit demanded action.

 

"The soldier's duty is to go wherever there is fighting," he said, and vigorously opposed the idea that he be given a swivel-chair job.

 

His first term of service in the Philippines was from 1899 to 1903. In the interval between his first and second assignments, the latter being as Governor of the Moros, he returned to America to serve on the General Staff, and also to act as special military observer in the Russo-Japanese War.

 

His duties during the years, while arduous and often filled with danger, were not of the sort to bring him to public notice. But they were being followed by the authorities at Washington, who have a way of ticketing every man in the service, as to his future value to the army. And Pershing was "making good." He had turned forty, before he was Captain. Out in the Philippines he worked up to a Major. Now advancement was to follow with a startling jump.

 

It all hinged upon that luncheon with Roosevelt, about which we have already told, and the fact that Roosevelt had a characteristic way of doing things. The step he now took was not a piece of favoritism toward Pershing—it arose from a desire to have the most efficient men at the head of the army.

 

Pershing was nominated for Brigadier General, and the nomination was confirmed. Of course it created a tremendous sensation in army circles. The President, by his action, had "jumped" the new General eight hundred and sixty-two orders.

 

On his return to the Philippines, as Governor of the Moro Province, he performed an invaluable service in bringing peace to this troubled district. He accomplished this, partly by force of arms, partly by persuasion. The little brown men found in this big Americano a man with whom they could not trifle, and also one on whose word they could rely.

 

It was not until 1914 that he was recalled from the Philippines, and then very shortly was sent across the Mexican border in the pursuit of Villa. It would seem as though this strong soldier was to have no rest—that his muscles were to be kept constantly inured to hardship—so that, in the event of a greater call to arms, here would be one commander trained to the minute.

 

The Fates had indeed been shaping Pershing from boyhood for a supreme task. Each step had been along the path to a definite goal.

 

The punitive expedition into Mexico was a case in point. It was a thankless job at best, and full of hardship and danger. A day's march of thirty miles across an alkali desert, under a blazing sun, is hardly a pleasure jaunt. And there were many such during those troubled months of 1916.

 

Then, one day, came a quiet message from Washington, asking General Pershing to report to the President. The results of that interview were momentous. The Great War in Europe was demanding the intervention of America. Our troops were to be sent across the seas to Europe for the first time in history. The Government needed a man upon whom it could absolutely rely to be Commander-in-chief of the Expeditionary Forces. Would General Pershing hold himself in readiness for this supreme task?

 

The veteran of thirty years of constant campaigning stiffened to attention. The eager look of battle—battle for the right—shone in his eye. Every line of his upstanding figure denoted confidence—a confidence that was to inspire all America, and then the world itself, in this choice of leader. He saluted.

 

"I will do my duty, sir," he said.

 

IMPORTANT DATES IN PERSHING'S LIFE

 

1860. September 13. John Joseph Pershing born. 1881. Entered Highland Military Academy, New York. 1882. Entered U. S. Military Academy, West Point. 1886. Graduated from West Point, senior cadet captain. Sent to southwest as second-lieutenant, 6th cavalry. 1891. Professor, military tactics, University of Nebraska. 1898. Took part in Spanish-American War. 1901. Captain, 1st Cavalry, Philippines. 1905. Married Frances Warren. 1906. Brigadier-general. 1914. Recalled from Philippines. 1915. Lost his wife and three children in a fire. 1915. Sent to Mexico in pursuit of Villa. 1917. Sent to France as commander-in-chief of American Expeditionary Force. 1919. Appointment of general made permanent. 1924. Retired from active service.

 

From:

 

BOYS' BOOK OF FAMOUS SOLDIERS

BY J. WALKER McSPADDEN

THE WORLD PUBLISHING CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO —— NEW YORK, N. Y.

17 out of 25 thumbnails illustration - for course in laws by the "Teaching Innovation unit of IDC"

By J. WALKER McSPADDEN:

 

PERSHING: THE LEADER OF AMERICA'S BIGGEST ARMY

 

It was a historic moment, on that June day, in the third year of the World War. On the landing stage at the French harbor of Boulogne was drawn up a company of French soldiers, who looked eagerly at the approaching steamer. They were not dress parade soldiers nor smart cadets—only battle-scarred veterans home from the trenches, with the tired look of war in their eyes. For three years they had been hoping and praying that the Americans would come—and here they were at last!

 

As the steamer slowly approached the dock, a small group of officers might be discerned, looking as eagerly landward as the men on shore had sought them out. In the center of this group stood a man in the uniform of a General in the United States Army. There was, however, little to distinguish his dress from that of his staff, except the marks of rank on his collar, and the service ribbons across his breast. To those who could read the insignia, they spelled many days of arduous duty in places far removed. America was sending a seasoned soldier, one tried out as by fire.

 

The man's face was seamed from exposure to the suns of the tropics and the sands of the desert. But his dark eyes glowed with the untamable fire of youth. He was full six feet in height, straight, broad-shouldered, and muscular. The well-formed legs betrayed the old-time calvalryman. The alert poise of the man showed a nature constantly on guard against surprise—the typical soldier in action.

 

Such was General Pershing when he set foot on foreign shore at the head of an American army—the first time in history that our soldiers had ever served on European soil. America was at last repaying to France her debt of gratitude, for aid received nearly a century and a half earlier. And it was an Alsatian by descent who could now say:

 

"Lafayette, we come!"

 

Who was this man who had been selected for so important a task? The eyes of the whole world were upon him, when he reached France. His was a task of tremendous difficulties, and a single slip on his part would have brought shame upon his country, no less than upon himself. That he was to succeed, and to win the official thanks of Congress are now matters of history. The story of his wonderful campaign against the best that Germany could send against him is also an oft-told story. But the rise of the man himself to such commanding position is a tale not so familiar, yet none the less interesting.

 

The great-grandfather of General Pershing was an emigrant from Alsace—fleeing as a boy from the military service of the Teutons. He worked his way across to Baltimore, and not long thereafter volunteered to fight in the American Revolution. His was the spirit of freedom. He fled to escape a service that was hateful, because it represented tyranny; but was glad to serve in the cause of liberty.

 

The original family name was Pfirsching, but was soon shortened to its present form. The Pershings got land grants in Pennsylvania, and began to prosper. As the clan multiplied the sons and grandsons began to scatter. They had the pioneer spirit of their ancestors.

 

At length, John F. Pershing, a grandson of Daniel, the first immigrant, went to the Middle West, to work on building railroads. These were the days, just before the Civil War, when railroads were being thrown forward everywhere. Young Pershing had early caught the fever, and had worked with construction gangs in Kentucky and Tennessee. Now as the railroads pushed still further West, he went with them as section foreman—after first persuading an attractive Nashville girl, Ann Thompson, to go with him as his wife.

 

Their honeymoon was spent among the hardships of a construction camp in

Missouri; and here at Laclede, in a very primitive house, John Joseph

Pershing was born, September 13, 1860.

The boy inherited a sturdy frame and a love of freedom from both sides of the family. His mother had come of a race quite as good as that of his father. They were honest, law-abiding, God-fearing people, who saw to it that John and the other eight children who followed were reared soberly and strictly. The Bible lay on the center table and the willow switch hung conveniently behind the door.

 

After the line of railroad was completed upon which the father had worked, he came to Laclede and invested his savings in a small general store. It proved a profitable venture. It was the only one in town, and Pershing's reputation for square-dealing brought him many customers. A neighbor pays him this tribute:

 

"John F. Pershing was a man of commanding presence. He was a great family man and loved his family devotedly. He was not lax, and ruled his family well.

 

"The Pershing family were zealous church people. John F. Pershing was the Sunday School superintendent of the Methodist Church all the years he lived here. Every Sunday you could see him making his way to church with John on one side and Jim on the other, Mrs. Pershing and the girls following along."

 

John F. Pershing was a strong Union man, and although local feeling ran high between the North and the South, he retained the esteem of his neighbors. He had one or two close calls from the "bushwhackers," as roving rangers were called, but his family escaped harm.

 

At times during the War, he was entrusted with funds by various other families, and acted as a sort of local bank. After the War he was postmaster.

 

The close of the War found the younger John a stocky boy of five. He began to attend the village school and take an active part in the boyish sports of a small town. There was always plenty to do, whether of work or play. One of his boyhood chums writes:

 

"John Pershing was a clean, straight, well-behaved young fellow. He never was permitted to loaf around on the streets. Nobody jumped on him, and he didn't jump on anybody. He attended strictly to his own business. He had his lessons when he went to class. He was not a big talker. He said a lot in a few words, and didn't try to cut any swell. He was a hard student. He was not brilliant, but firm, solid, and would hang on to the very last. We used to study our lessons together evenings. About nine-thirty or ten o'clock, I'd say:

 

"'John, how are you coming?'

 

"'Pretty stubborn.'

 

"'Better go to bed, hadn't we?'

 

"'No, Charley, I'm going to work this out.'"

 

Another schoolmate gives us a more human picture:

 

"As a boy, Pershing was not unlike thousands of other boys of his age, enjoying the same pleasures and games as his other boyhood companions. He knew the best places to shoot squirrels or quail, and knew where to find the hazel or hickory nuts. He knew, too, where the coolest and deepest swimming pools in the Locust, Muddy, or Turkey creeks were. Many a time we went swimming together in Pratt's Pond."

 

About this time Pershing's father added to his other ventures the purchase of a farm near Laclede, and the family moved out there. Then there was indeed plenty of work to do. The chores often began before sun-up, and lasted till after dark; and the children were lucky to find time for schooling during the late Fall and Winter months. John, however, kept doggedly at it, and managed to get a fair, common-school education.

 

When he was barely in his 'teens, his first set task was given him—to teach in a negro school. This school had been established after the War ended, but the teacher had gone, and no one else seemed available for the job. John was sober and studious, and besides was so well grown for his age that they banked on his ability to "lick" any negro boy that got obstreperous.

 

He succeeded sufficiently in this venture, to cause him to take up teaching regularly, in white schools, with a view to paying for his education. He wanted to study law, and his parents encouraged the idea. His work in these country schools was invaluable to him in teaching him how to govern others. A former pupil of his writes:

 

"Though he never sought a quarrel, young Pershing was known as 'a game fighter,' who never acknowledged defeat. One day, at Prairie Mound, at the noon hour a big farmer with red sideburns rode up to the schoolhouse with a revolver in his hand. Pershing had whipped one of the farmer's children, and the enraged parent intended to give the young schoolmaster a flogging.

 

"I remember how he rode up cursing before all the children in the schoolyard, and how another boy and I ran down a gully because we were afraid. We peeked over the edge, though, and heard Pershing tell the farmer to put up his gun, get down off his horse, and fight like a man.

 

"The farmer got down and John stripped off his coat. He was only a boy of seventeen or eighteen and slender, but he thrashed the old farmer soundly. And I have hated red sideburns ever since."

 

After several terms of country school teaching, young Pershing saved up enough money to enter the State Normal School, at Kirksville, Mo. One of his sisters went with him. He remained there for two terms, doing his usual good steady work, but was still dissatisfied. He wanted to get a better education.

 

About this time he happened to notice an announcement of a competitive examination in his district for an entrance to West Point. The soldiering side did not appeal to him, but the school side did.

 

"I wouldn't stay in the army," he remarked to a friend. "There won't be a gun fired in the world for a hundred years, I guess. If there isn't, I'll study law, but I want an education, and now I see how I can get it."

 

His mother was by no means "sold" on the idea of his becoming a soldier either, and it was only when he assured her that there wouldn't be a gun fired in a hundred years, that she finally consented. If she could have looked ahead to his future career, and final part in the greatest war the world has ever known—one wonders what her emotions would have been!

 

Pershing passed his entrance examination by a narrow margin, and then entered a training school at Highland Falls, N. Y., for tutoring in certain deficient branches. At last in June, 1882, when he was just rounding his twenty-second year, he became a freshman in the great Academy on the Hudson.

 

The young plebe from the West speedily fell in love with the institution and all that it represented. He found the soldier life awakening in him, along with his desire for a good education. Four happy years were spent there—and while he didn't shine, being number thirty in a class of seventy-seven, his all-around qualities made him many friends among both faculty and students. He was made ranking cadet captain in his senior year, and chosen class president.

 

Twenty-five years later, writing from clear around the world, at Manila, to his class, at a reunion, he gives a long, breezy account of his experience there, from which we have space to quote only a few sentences:

 

"This brings up a period of West Point life whose vivid impressions will be the last to fade. Marching into camp, piling bedding, policing company streets for logs or wood carelessly dropped by upper classmen, pillow fights at tattoo with Marcus Miller, sabre drawn, marching up and down superintending the plebe class, policing up feathers from the general parade; light artillery drills, double-timing around old Fort Clinton at morning squad drill; Wiley Bean and the sad fate of his seersucker coat; midnight dragging, and the whole summer full of events can only be mentioned in passing.

 

"No one can ever forget his first guard tour with all its preparation and perspiration. I got along all right during the day, but at night on the color line my troubles began. Of course, I was scared beyond the point of properly applying any of my orders. A few minutes after taps, ghosts of all sorts began to appear from all directions. I selected a particularly bold one and challenged according to orders: 'Halt, who comes there?' At that the ghost stood still in its tracks. I then said: 'Halt, who stands there?' Whereupon the ghost, who was carrying a chair, sat down. When I promptly said: 'Halt, who sits there?' . . .

 

"The career of '86 at West Point was in many respects remarkable. There were no cliques, no dissensions, and personal prejudices or selfishness, if any existed, never came to the surface. From the very day we entered, the class as a unit has always stood for the very best traditions of West Point."

 

While Pershing was still in West Point, the Indian chief Geronimo was making trouble in the Southwest. For several years he led a band of outlaw braves, who terrorized the Southern border. General Crook was sent in pursuit of him, and afterwards General Miles took up the chase. Finally in August, 1886, the chief and his followers were rounded up.

 

Pershing graduated in the spring of this year, with the usual rank given to graduates, second lieutenant, and was immediately assigned to duty under Miles. He had an inconspicuous part in the capture. But the next year in the special maneuvers he was personally complimented by the General for "marching his troops with a pack train of 140 mules in 46 hours and bringing in every animal in good condition." Doubtless his early experience with the Missouri brand of mule aided him.

 

Thereafter, for the next five years, Pershing's life was that of a plainsman. He was successively at Fort Bayard, Fort Stanton, and Fort Wingate, all in New Mexico, in the center of troubled country. In 1890 he was shifted north to take the field against the Sioux Indians, in South Dakota, and in the Battle of Wounded Knee he had a considerable taste of burnt powder, where the tribe that had massacred General Custer and his band was practically wiped out. The next year he was stationed at Fort Niobrara, in Nebraska, in command of the Sioux Indian Scouts.

 

This rapid summary of a busy and adventurous life on the plains does not convey any idea of its many activities. But it was an exceedingly valuable period of training to the young officer. He was finding himself, and learning something of the inner art of military science that he was later to put to such good use.

 

Here is the opinion of an officer who was Pershing's senior in the

Sixth Cavalry by six years—all of them spent in the Apache country:

"In those days, when a youngster joined a regiment, he was not expected to express himself on military matters until he had some little experience. But there was a certain something in Pershing's appearance and manner which made him an exception to the rule. Within a very short time after he came to the post, a senior officer would turn to him, and say: 'Pershing, what do you think of this?' and his opinion was such that we always listened to it. He was quiet, unobtrusive in his opinions, but when asked he always went to the meat of a question in a few words. From the first he had responsible duties thrown on him. We all learned to respect and like him. He was genial and full of fun. No matter what the work or what the play, he always took a willing and leading part. He worked hard and he played hard; but whenever he had work to do, he never let play interfere with it."

 

His experiences in the Wild West (and it was the Wild West in those days) cannot be passed over without relating one typical anecdote. Three cattle rustlers, white men, had gotten into a fight with the Zuni Indians, who caught them driving off some cattle. Three of the red men were killed before the outlaws were finally surrounded in a lonely cabin.

 

Word was sent of their predicament to the nearest fort, and Lieutenant Pershing was sent with a small detachment to their rescue. He rode straight up to the Zuni chief, who was now on the warpath, and told him he must call off his braves—that the United States Government would punish these men. The chief finally grunted assent, and Pershing strode forward alone into the clearing and approached the cabin. At any time a shot might have come out, but disregarding his own danger he went on, pushed open the door, and found himself looking into the muzzles of three guns.

 

A single false move on his part would probably have ended him, but he did not waver. He folded his arms and said quietly:

 

"Well, boys, I've come to get you."

 

The outlaws laughed noisily and swore by way of reply.

 

"You might as well come along," he went on, without raising his voice.

"My men are posted all around this cabin."

More profanity, but the men at last consented to go, if they could carry their guns. They wouldn't budge otherwise.

 

"You'll come as I say, and you'll be quick about it," said Pershing, a note of command coming into his voice.

 

And they did.

 

The next duty which fell to Lieutenant Pershing was quite different. From chasing Indians and outlaws on the plains, he was assigned to the task of putting some "half baked" cadets through their paces. In September, 1891, he became Professor of Military Science and Tactics at the University of Nebraska.

 

The discipline at this school was of a piece with that of other State colleges, where a certain amount of drilling was demanded, but beyond this the students were allowed to go their own gait. At Nebraska it had become pretty lax—but the arrival of the new instructor changed all that. A student of this time, in a recent article in The Red Cross Magazine, gives a humorous account of what happened.

 

It was the general belief that the students in these Western colleges, many of them farmers' sons, could never be taught the West Point idea. "But the Lieutenant who had just arrived from Lincoln received an impression startlingly in contrast to the general one. He looked over the big crowd of powerful young men, and, himself a storehouse and radiating center of energy and forcefulness, recognized the same qualities when he saw them.

 

"'By George! I've got the finest material in the world,'" he told the Chancellor, his steel-like eyes alight with enthusiasm. 'You could do anything with those boys. They've got the stuff in them! Watch me get it out!'

 

"And he proceeded to do so.

 

"By the middle of the first winter the battalion was in shape to drill together. Moreover, the boys had made a nickname for their leader, and nicknames mean a great deal in student life. He was universally called 'the Lieut.' (pronounced 'Loot,' of course, in the real American accent), as though there were but one lieutenant in the world. This he was called behind his back, of course. To his face they called him 'sir,' a title of respect which they had never thought to give to any man alive.

 

"By the end of that first academic year every man under him would have followed 'the Lieut.' straight into a prairie fire, and would have kept step while doing it."

 

As he gradually got his group of officers licked into shape, he found less to do personally. So he promptly complained to the Chancellor, to this effect, and asked, like Oliver Twist, for more.

 

"After a moment's stupefaction (the Lieut. was then doing five times the work that any officer before him had ever done) the Chancellor burst into a great laugh and suggested that the Lieut. should take the law course in the law school of the University. He added that if two men's work was not enough for him, he might do three men's, and teach some of the classes in the Department of Mathematics. Without changing his stride in the least, the young officer swept these two occupations along with him, bought some civilian clothes and a derby hat, and became both professor and student in the University, where he was also military attaché.

 

"During the next two years he ate up the law course with a fiery haste which raised the degree of class work to fever heat. Those who were fellow students with him, and survived, found the experience immensely stimulating."

 

Of course he graduated, and was thus entitled to write another title after his name—that of Bachelor of Arts. About this time, also, he was promoted to a first lieutenancy, the first official recognition for his many long months of work. Then he was sent back to the field again, to join the Tenth Cavalry at Fort Assiniboine, Montana.

 

Next came a welcome command to take the position of Assistant Instructor of Tactics, at West Point. It was almost like getting back home, to see these loved hills, the mighty river, and the familiar barracks again.

 

But after a few months here, the Spanish War broke out. Eager to get into the action, he resigned his position at the Military Academy, and was transferred to his former regiment, the Tenth Cavalry. This regiment was sent immediately to Santiago, and took part in the short but spirited fighting at El Caney and San Juan hill—where a certain Colonel of the Rough Riders was in evidence. Side by side these two crack regiments charged up the slope, dominated by the Spanish fort, and here Roosevelt and Pershing first met.

 

We would like to fancy these two intrepid soldiers as recognizing each other here in the din of battle. But the truth is sometimes more prosaic than fiction; and the truth compels us to reprint this little anecdote from The World's Work.

 

Five years after the Spanish War, when Roosevelt was President and

Pershing was a mere Captain, he was invited to luncheon at the White

House.

"Captain Pershing," said the President, when the party was seated at the table, "did I ever meet you in the Santiago campaign?"

 

"Yes, Mr. President, just once."

 

"When was that? What did I say?"

 

"Since there are ladies here, I can't repeat just what you said, Mr.

President."

There was a general laugh in which Roosevelt joined.

 

"Tell me the circumstances, then."

 

"Why, I had gone back with a mule team to Siboney, to get supplies for the men. The night was pitch black and it was raining torrents. The road was a streak of mud. On the way back to the front, I heard noise and confusion ahead. I knew it was a mired mule team. An officer in the uniform of a Rough Rider was trying to get the mules out of the mud, and his remarks, as I said a moment ago, should not be quoted before the ladies. I suggested that the best thing to do, was to take my mules and pull your wagon out, and then get your mules out. This was done, and we saluted and parted."

 

"Well," said Roosevelt, "if there ever was a time when a man would be justified in using bad language, it would be in the middle of a rainy night, with his mules down in the mud and his wagon loaded with things soldiers at the front needed."

 

Pershing, as a result of the Cuban campaign, was twice recommended for brevet commissions, for "personal bravery and untiring energy and faithfulness." General Baldwin said of him: "Pershing is the coolest man under fire I ever saw."

 

But it was not until 1901 that he became Captain. He had now been transferred at his own request to the Philippines. Whether or not he won promotion through the slow-moving machinery of the war office, his energetic spirit demanded action.

 

"The soldier's duty is to go wherever there is fighting," he said, and vigorously opposed the idea that he be given a swivel-chair job.

 

His first term of service in the Philippines was from 1899 to 1903. In the interval between his first and second assignments, the latter being as Governor of the Moros, he returned to America to serve on the General Staff, and also to act as special military observer in the Russo-Japanese War.

 

His duties during the years, while arduous and often filled with danger, were not of the sort to bring him to public notice. But they were being followed by the authorities at Washington, who have a way of ticketing every man in the service, as to his future value to the army. And Pershing was "making good." He had turned forty, before he was Captain. Out in the Philippines he worked up to a Major. Now advancement was to follow with a startling jump.

 

It all hinged upon that luncheon with Roosevelt, about which we have already told, and the fact that Roosevelt had a characteristic way of doing things. The step he now took was not a piece of favoritism toward Pershing—it arose from a desire to have the most efficient men at the head of the army.

 

Pershing was nominated for Brigadier General, and the nomination was confirmed. Of course it created a tremendous sensation in army circles. The President, by his action, had "jumped" the new General eight hundred and sixty-two orders.

 

On his return to the Philippines, as Governor of the Moro Province, he performed an invaluable service in bringing peace to this troubled district. He accomplished this, partly by force of arms, partly by persuasion. The little brown men found in this big Americano a man with whom they could not trifle, and also one on whose word they could rely.

 

It was not until 1914 that he was recalled from the Philippines, and then very shortly was sent across the Mexican border in the pursuit of Villa. It would seem as though this strong soldier was to have no rest—that his muscles were to be kept constantly inured to hardship—so that, in the event of a greater call to arms, here would be one commander trained to the minute.

 

The Fates had indeed been shaping Pershing from boyhood for a supreme task. Each step had been along the path to a definite goal.

 

The punitive expedition into Mexico was a case in point. It was a thankless job at best, and full of hardship and danger. A day's march of thirty miles across an alkali desert, under a blazing sun, is hardly a pleasure jaunt. And there were many such during those troubled months of 1916.

 

Then, one day, came a quiet message from Washington, asking General Pershing to report to the President. The results of that interview were momentous. The Great War in Europe was demanding the intervention of America. Our troops were to be sent across the seas to Europe for the first time in history. The Government needed a man upon whom it could absolutely rely to be Commander-in-chief of the Expeditionary Forces. Would General Pershing hold himself in readiness for this supreme task?

 

The veteran of thirty years of constant campaigning stiffened to attention. The eager look of battle—battle for the right—shone in his eye. Every line of his upstanding figure denoted confidence—a confidence that was to inspire all America, and then the world itself, in this choice of leader. He saluted.

 

"I will do my duty, sir," he said.

 

IMPORTANT DATES IN PERSHING'S LIFE

 

1860. September 13. John Joseph Pershing born. 1881. Entered Highland Military Academy, New York. 1882. Entered U. S. Military Academy, West Point. 1886. Graduated from West Point, senior cadet captain. Sent to southwest as second-lieutenant, 6th cavalry. 1891. Professor, military tactics, University of Nebraska. 1898. Took part in Spanish-American War. 1901. Captain, 1st Cavalry, Philippines. 1905. Married Frances Warren. 1906. Brigadier-general. 1914. Recalled from Philippines. 1915. Lost his wife and three children in a fire. 1915. Sent to Mexico in pursuit of Villa. 1917. Sent to France as commander-in-chief of American Expeditionary Force. 1919. Appointment of general made permanent. 1924. Retired from active service.

 

From:

 

BOYS' BOOK OF FAMOUS SOLDIERS

BY J. WALKER McSPADDEN

THE WORLD PUBLISHING CO.

CLEVELAND, OHIO —— NEW YORK, N. Y.

A few of its advantages

 

1. It is co-educational; its tuition is free.

2. Expenses are reduced to a minimum; $200 for the economical student.

3. One third of the students are self-supporting. Many earn their support while carrying on their studies.

4. More than 3000 students come to the institution each year from nearly 200 counties in Texas.

5. The teaching staff numbers 150 persons from the best institutions in Europe and America.

6. It offers instruction in the regular academic courses, in law, in medicine, in education and in architectural, civil, electrical, and mining engineering. College work is also given by correspondence.

7. For catalogue address: University Registrar, Austin, Texas.

 

This book of views is for sale by The University Co-operative Society, which sells student books and supplies at co-operative rates.

 

---

 

Southwestern Folder Co., Publishers, P. O. Box 760, Houston

Cumming & Sons, Printers, Houston

 

---

 

Postmarked Austin, Texas, Nov. 25, 1911

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