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An annual award “to the ECHL coach adjudged to have contributed the most to his team’s success” as voted by the coaches of each of the ECHL teams.
History: The Coach of the Year award was named in honor of legendary ECHL coach John Brophy prior to 2003-04. Brophy coached more seasons than any other coach in league history with Hampton Roads from 1989-2000 and Wheeling from 2001-03, compiling a career record of 480-323-79 in the regular season and 55-39 in the postseason. Hampton Roads reached the postseason in each of his 11 seasons behind the bench, winning back-to-back titles in 1991 and 1992 and an ECHL record third title in 1998. His three ECHL titles are the most in league history and he is also the all-time leader among ECHL coaches in regular season games (878) and regular season wins (480) and postseason games (94) and wins (55). Brophy has 1,027 professional wins and ranks second all-time in professional hockey behind only the legendary Scotty Bowman (1,244 wins).
Chuck Weber of the Cincinnati Cyclones is the 2007-08 recipient of the John Brophy Award.
In his second season as head coach, Weber led the Cyclones to the Brabham Cup with 115 points which is the second most in the 20-year history of the ECHL, one behind the record of 116 by Louisiana in 2001-02. The Brabham Cup is the trophy awarded annually to the ECHL team that finishes with the most points in the regular season. The recipient is guaranteed home-ice advantage throughout its participation in the Kelly Cup Playoffs.
Malcolm Cameron of Texas finished second in the voting followed by Glen Gulutzan of Las Vegas, Matt Thomas of Fresno and Mark Morrison of Victoria. Weber and Cameron were the coaches for the American Conference in the 2008 ECHL All-Star Game while Gulutzan and Morrison were the coaches for the National Conference.
Cincinnati was 55-12-5 and tied the ECHL record with 26 road wins while finishing one shy of the record 56 wins by Louisiana in 2001-02. The Cyclones’ 29 home wins ties the league record for fourth-most held by Pee Dee in 1998-99, Toledo in 2002-03 and Gwinnett in 2005-06 while their 12 regulation losses ties the record for third-fewest losses held by Alaska in 2005-06 and Las Vegas in 2006-07. Cincinnati had four home losses tying the record for third-fewest shared by nine teams including Gwinnett and Alaska in 2005-06.
The Cyclones set the ECHL record with 17 wins in a row from Jan. 16-29, breaking the record of 14 by Knoxville from Dec. 28, 1993-Jan. 29, 1994 and Louisiana from Nov. 23-Dec. 22, 2001. Cincinnati also had an ECHL season-high and team-record 14-game home winning streak from Jan. 5-Mar. 12.
A view over the karst landscape on Inishmore, from Dún Aengus, an ancient stone fort.
The Aran Islands (Irish: Oileáin Árann—pronunciation: [ˈɪlɑːn ˈɑːrənʲ]) are a group of three islands located at the mouth of Galway Bay, on the west coast of Ireland. They constitute the barony of Aran in County Galway, Ireland.
From west to east the islands are: Inishmore (Árainn Mhór/Inis Mór —[ˈɑːrənʲ woːr], the largest; Inishmaan (Inis Meáin/Inis Meadhóin—[ˈɪnɪɕ mʲɑːn]), the second-largest; and Inisheer (Inis Thiar/Inis Oírr/Inis Oirthir—[ˈiniʃ hiər / iːrʲ / erʲhirʲ]), the smallest.
The 1,200 inhabitants primarily speak Irish, the language used in local placenames. Most islanders are also fluent in English.
The islands' geology is mainly karst limestone, related to the Burren in Co. Clare (to the east), not the granites of Connemara to the north.
This is most obvious in the construction of the walls around the fields.
The limestones date from the Visean period (Lower Carboniferous), formed as sediments in a tropical sea approximately 350 million years ago, and compressed into horizontal strata with fossil corals, crinoids, sea urchins, and ammonites. Glaciation following the Namurian phase facilitated greater denudation. The result is that the Aran islands are one of the finest examples of a Glacio-Karst landscape in the world. The effects of the last glacial period (the Midlandian) are most in evidence, with the islands overrun by ice during this glaciation. The impact of earlier Karstification (solutional erosion) has been eliminated by the last glacial period.
So any Karstification now seen dates from approximately 11,000 years ago and the island Karst is thus recent.
Solutional processes have widened and deepened the grykes of the limestone pavement. Pre-existing lines of weakness in the rock (vertical joints) contribute to the formation of extensive fissures separated by clints (flat pavement like slabs). The rock karstification facilitates the formation of sub-terrainean drainage.
Huge boulders up to 25 metres (80 ft) above the sea at parts of the west facing cliffs are in some cases an extreme form of storm beach, cast there by giant waves that occur on average once per century, though more are glacial erratics.
On the cliff tops, ancient forts such as Dún Aonghasa (Dún Aengus) on Inish Mór and Dún Chonchúir (Fort of Conchobar) on Inishmaan are some of the oldest archaeological remains in Ireland. A lacework of ancient stone walls (1,600 km or 1,000 mi in all) enfolds all three islands to contain local livestock.
The islands were first populated in larger numbers probably at the time of the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland in the mid-17th century, when the Catholic population of Ireland had the choice of going "to hell or to Connacht". Many fled to the numerous islands off the west coast of Ireland where they adapted themselves to the raw climatic conditions, developing a survival system of total self-sufficiency.
Their methods included mixing layers of sand and seaweed on top of rocks to create fertile soil, a technique used to grow potatoes and other vegetables. The same seaweed method also provided grazing grass within stone-wall enclosures for cattle and sheep, which in turn provided wool and yarn to make handwoven trousers, skirts and jackets, hand-knitted sweaters, shawls, caps, and hide shoes.
The islands are the home of the Aran sweater, which gained worldwide appeal during the course of the 20th century.
Knowsley Safari Park is a zoological park and tourist attraction in the Knowsley area of Merseyside, England. Knowsley Safari Park is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). The safari park contributes to conservation and research through links with conservation projects and its links with universities in Liverpool, Chester and Manchester.
History
The park was opened in July 1971 by Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby and Jimmy Chipperfield[9] using the expertise of general manager Laurence Tennant MBE, formerly the Chief Game Warden of Parks in Uganda and Botswana. Initially the road through the park was 3.5 miles (5.6 km), with visitors driving past lions, cheetahs, monkeys, giraffes, zebra, elephants and various antelope. Due to the popularity of this route, an additional 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of road was added in 1973, and camels, buffalo, white rhino, and tigers were added to the park. Over the years, a few modifications have been made. For instance, tigers are now displayed in enclosures within the reserve, and a bypass around the baboons was built for visitors who are worried about damage to their cars.
The park was also home to a former RAF airfield which closed at the end of World War II. The RAF airbase situated at the safari park was also known as No 49 SLG or RAF Knowsley Park and was in use between 13 May 1942 – November 1944.
The park has hosted several sporting events including the Olympic torch relay, watched by 6,000 children and families in June 2012. The park hosted the finish of Stage Two of the 2012 Tour of Britain cycling event and is scheduled to host Stage Three of the 2013 Tour on Tuesday 17 September.
Most recently it hosted the final leg of Big Learner Relay 2017 which has raised over £300,000 for the BBC Children in Need appeal since 2014. Louise Walsh the inspiration behind the BLR has been awarded the prime minister's points of light award which recognises outstanding individual volunteers.
In 1995 Mr William Middleton, a warden at the park, was crushed and paralysed due to a faulty elephant enclosure. Mr Middleton died 12 years later due to complications caused by his injuries.
Zoological collection
Situated around Knowsley Hall on the ancestral estate of the Earl of Derby, the reserve is home to many different animals including elephants, giraffes, lions, bongos, tigers and baboons. The Derby Estate have a tradition of keeping animals, ever since the famous artist and nonsense-poet Edward Lear was employed there in the 19th century to paint pictures of the Earl's collection.
The park is open to the public and customers drive around the park in their own vehicles. There is a bypass route past the baboons for those who wish to avoid the risk of the baboons damaging their cars. In 2009 the baboons made the news all over the world when a video was released showing how they were intelligent and curious enough to open car roofboxes.
Tiger Trail
Amur Tiger Trail opened 25 May 2018, home to the Amur Tiger otherwise known as the Siberian Tiger. The area is 10,000m2 and includes forested areas, natural streams and ponds.
The Equatorial Trail
This exhibit focuses on animals who thrive in habitats around the Earth's Equator. The exhibit also houses the 'Equatorial Express', a small train which visitors can ride to gain a unique viewpoint of the animals. 4 completely different species of animals are housed in this exhibit, the South American tapir, Sitatunga, Rhea and the Capybara.
African Elephant
Until 2017 the park housed a herd of 4 adult cows named Tana, Ashanti, Nala and Juba. They were transported to Zoo Parc d'Beauval, France to enter the European Breeding Programme and allow for transformations on Knowsley Safari's Foot Safari. Knowsley previously housed a bull named Nissim, who collapsed in June 2014. Knowsley also recently lost their cow named Shaba due to a long battle with elephant arthritis.
Southern White Rhinoceros
Knowsley's crash of 11 adult rhinos is one of the most successful and genetically diverse breeding groups in Europe. The latest calf (as at 4 June 2016), Nomvula (Mother of Rain – a reference to the recent wet weather), born to mum Meru and is the 19th to be born at the facility in the last 40 years. Nomvula is Meru's 6th calf and was born on 2 January 2016.
Safari Drive
The Safari Drive is the park's main attraction and contains over 29 species of animals in 7 zones.
Zone 1+11
This zone contains: Père David's deer, Yak, Kiang and Bactrian camel.
Zone 2+8
This zone contains: Blackbuck, Nilgai, Eld's deer, Chital (Axis Deer) and Barasingha.
Zone 3+4+6
Zone 6 is over 100 acres and contains over a mile of road. It is one of Knowsley's two white rhino paddocks and is one of the largest in the UK. This zone contains: Southern White Rhino, Roan antelope, Eland, Lechwe, Wildebeest, Plains Zebra, African Forest Buffalo, Ostritch and Waterbuck.
Zone 5
This zone contains: Blesbok and Bongo
Zone 7
This zone contains exclusively the Olive baboon, which are famous for removing windscreen wipers and other appendages off vehicles. There is a car-friendly route which totally removes this zone however is still visible from outside the perimeter. This leads directly to zone 6.
Zone 9
This zone contains: European Bison, Fallow Deer and European Moose
Zone 10
This zone contains: Lion, and the Somali wild ass. This zone previously housed African wild dog, Iberian Wolf and Siberian Tiger.
All information correct and sourced from the Knowsley Safari Guide Book 2018 and edited by an editor who loves animals.
Railway and other attractions
The park features a 15 in (381 mm) gauge railway, 'The Lakeside Railway', on which visitors may tour parts of the site. There is also a collection of amusements and fairground rides on site plus paintballing, off-road driving challenges, and aerial extreme ropewalks.
A baboon house was added in 2006, along with African wild dogs that same year, a lion and tiger house in 2007. Red river hogs and marmosets were also added to the walkaround section, as well as an outdoor pool.
Animal care
In January 2011, local animal rights activists held a peaceful demonstration after an inspection by government vets found one instance of a breach of regulations on the disposal of animal ‘by-products’. Pictures in the Daily Mail showed animals lying dead on the ground and in binbags, although the park's directors claim the pictures were staged by the photographer, whose husband the paper claimed had recently lost his job at the park. The park has since installed an enclosure for the storage of animal carcasses before disposal. The British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) later said it had ‘full confidence’ in Knowsley and praised its ‘excellent standards of animal husbandry and welfare’.
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography
Information Presentation
Loide Rosa Jorge, Attorney At Law, US Immigration and Nationality Law
Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
Knowsley Safari Park is a zoological park and tourist attraction in the Knowsley area of Merseyside, England. Knowsley Safari Park is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). The safari park contributes to conservation and research through links with conservation projects and its links with universities in Liverpool, Chester and Manchester.
History
The park was opened in July 1971 by Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby and Jimmy Chipperfield[9] using the expertise of general manager Laurence Tennant MBE, formerly the Chief Game Warden of Parks in Uganda and Botswana. Initially the road through the park was 3.5 miles (5.6 km), with visitors driving past lions, cheetahs, monkeys, giraffes, zebra, elephants and various antelope. Due to the popularity of this route, an additional 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of road was added in 1973, and camels, buffalo, white rhino, and tigers were added to the park. Over the years, a few modifications have been made. For instance, tigers are now displayed in enclosures within the reserve, and a bypass around the baboons was built for visitors who are worried about damage to their cars.
The park was also home to a former RAF airfield which closed at the end of World War II. The RAF airbase situated at the safari park was also known as No 49 SLG or RAF Knowsley Park and was in use between 13 May 1942 – November 1944.
The park has hosted several sporting events including the Olympic torch relay, watched by 6,000 children and families in June 2012. The park hosted the finish of Stage Two of the 2012 Tour of Britain cycling event and is scheduled to host Stage Three of the 2013 Tour on Tuesday 17 September.
Most recently it hosted the final leg of Big Learner Relay 2017 which has raised over £300,000 for the BBC Children in Need appeal since 2014. Louise Walsh the inspiration behind the BLR has been awarded the prime minister's points of light award which recognises outstanding individual volunteers.
In 1995 Mr William Middleton, a warden at the park, was crushed and paralysed due to a faulty elephant enclosure. Mr Middleton died 12 years later due to complications caused by his injuries.
Zoological collection
Situated around Knowsley Hall on the ancestral estate of the Earl of Derby, the reserve is home to many different animals including elephants, giraffes, lions, bongos, tigers and baboons. The Derby Estate have a tradition of keeping animals, ever since the famous artist and nonsense-poet Edward Lear was employed there in the 19th century to paint pictures of the Earl's collection.
The park is open to the public and customers drive around the park in their own vehicles. There is a bypass route past the baboons for those who wish to avoid the risk of the baboons damaging their cars. In 2009 the baboons made the news all over the world when a video was released showing how they were intelligent and curious enough to open car roofboxes.
Tiger Trail
Amur Tiger Trail opened 25 May 2018, home to the Amur Tiger otherwise known as the Siberian Tiger. The area is 10,000m2 and includes forested areas, natural streams and ponds.
The Equatorial Trail
This exhibit focuses on animals who thrive in habitats around the Earth's Equator. The exhibit also houses the 'Equatorial Express', a small train which visitors can ride to gain a unique viewpoint of the animals. 4 completely different species of animals are housed in this exhibit, the South American tapir, Sitatunga, Rhea and the Capybara.
African Elephant
Until 2017 the park housed a herd of 4 adult cows named Tana, Ashanti, Nala and Juba. They were transported to Zoo Parc d'Beauval, France to enter the European Breeding Programme and allow for transformations on Knowsley Safari's Foot Safari. Knowsley previously housed a bull named Nissim, who collapsed in June 2014. Knowsley also recently lost their cow named Shaba due to a long battle with elephant arthritis.
Southern White Rhinoceros
Knowsley's crash of 11 adult rhinos is one of the most successful and genetically diverse breeding groups in Europe. The latest calf (as at 4 June 2016), Nomvula (Mother of Rain – a reference to the recent wet weather), born to mum Meru and is the 19th to be born at the facility in the last 40 years. Nomvula is Meru's 6th calf and was born on 2 January 2016.
Safari Drive
The Safari Drive is the park's main attraction and contains over 29 species of animals in 7 zones.
Zone 1+11
This zone contains: Père David's deer, Yak, Kiang and Bactrian camel.
Zone 2+8
This zone contains: Blackbuck, Nilgai, Eld's deer, Chital (Axis Deer) and Barasingha.
Zone 3+4+6
Zone 6 is over 100 acres and contains over a mile of road. It is one of Knowsley's two white rhino paddocks and is one of the largest in the UK. This zone contains: Southern White Rhino, Roan antelope, Eland, Lechwe, Wildebeest, Plains Zebra, African Forest Buffalo, Ostritch and Waterbuck.
Zone 5
This zone contains: Blesbok and Bongo
Zone 7
This zone contains exclusively the Olive baboon, which are famous for removing windscreen wipers and other appendages off vehicles. There is a car-friendly route which totally removes this zone however is still visible from outside the perimeter. This leads directly to zone 6.
Zone 9
This zone contains: European Bison, Fallow Deer and European Moose
Zone 10
This zone contains: Lion, and the Somali wild ass. This zone previously housed African wild dog, Iberian Wolf and Siberian Tiger.
All information correct and sourced from the Knowsley Safari Guide Book 2018 and edited by an editor who loves animals.
Railway and other attractions
The park features a 15 in (381 mm) gauge railway, 'The Lakeside Railway', on which visitors may tour parts of the site. There is also a collection of amusements and fairground rides on site plus paintballing, off-road driving challenges, and aerial extreme ropewalks.
A baboon house was added in 2006, along with African wild dogs that same year, a lion and tiger house in 2007. Red river hogs and marmosets were also added to the walkaround section, as well as an outdoor pool.
Animal care
In January 2011, local animal rights activists held a peaceful demonstration after an inspection by government vets found one instance of a breach of regulations on the disposal of animal ‘by-products’. Pictures in the Daily Mail showed animals lying dead on the ground and in binbags, although the park's directors claim the pictures were staged by the photographer, whose husband the paper claimed had recently lost his job at the park. The park has since installed an enclosure for the storage of animal carcasses before disposal. The British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) later said it had ‘full confidence’ in Knowsley and praised its ‘excellent standards of animal husbandry and welfare’.
St. George Historic District, St. George, Staten Island
The St. George Historic District, which includes portions of St. Marks Piace, Carroll Piace, Westervett Avenue, and Hamilton Avenue, the Phelps Place cul-de-sac, and short stretches of Richmond Terrace, is a small enclave containing some 78 buildings, part of a larger suburban development, located along Staten Island's North Shore. Predominantly late nineteenth century in character, the area of the district had its roots in one of the earliest ptanned suburban communities in New York City. Initiated by Thomas E. Davis, a wealthy Manhattan real estate developer, in 1834-35, the project was taken over in 1836 by the New Brighton Association, a consortium of wealthy New York City entrepreneurs who promoted this location as a commuter suburb called New Brighton which was readily accessible to New York City by steamboat ferry service.
The proposed development slowed, almost immediately affected by the economic collapse of 1837; within the historic district, however, part of the existing street pattern reflects that shown on the plan of New Brighton of 1835 - three crescent-shaped streets ascending a steep hillside and another that surrounded them. The present street names are those shown on that original plan: Richmond Terrace, Carroll Place, St. Marks Place, and Hamilton Avenue (its original westernmost end is today part of Westervelt Avenue). In addition, there are four structures from this earliest phase of development. The oldest structure in the district is the house at 404 Richmond Terrace (now "Pavilion on the Terrace"), a temple-fronted Greek Revival residence built c. 1835 by Thomas Davis and acquired shortly thereafter by Henry P. Robertson, a Manhattan merchant.
Another early house remains at 272 Richmond Terrace, originally part of a grouping of three similar houses constructed c. 1839-45 by Henry McFarlane. Also surviving are two early carriage houses that were buHt to serve houses on Richmond Terrace.
In the 1840s and 1850s New Brighton developed into a fashionable summer resort. One Italianate villa, now modified, at 97 St. Marks Place and two [arge brick Italianate outbuildings on the north side of Carrolt Place survive from this period.
A Civil War business boom brought new development and a population increase to Staten Island as New York's populace sought affordable housing. Among the most notable houses built in the area of the historic district was the Anson Phelps Stokes residence (1862), one of three large estate houses constructed at the top of the hill on land between St. Mark's Place and Hamilton Avenue. This period was marked by the introduction of a new building type to the district, the double house, and a new style, the Second Empire. Several houses dating from the 1860s and early 1870s, designed in this style and distinguished by their mansard roofs, are located on Westervelt Avenue and the north side of St. Mark's Place. This period of development was halted by the Depression of 1873.
Sometime between 1878 and 1882, the saloon and hotel keeper Joseph Wilks built the brick double house at 30-32 Westervelt Avenue which shows the influence of the Romanesque Revival style. The increase in building activity within the proposed district starting in the 1880s coincided with the consolidation of competing Staten Island ferry lines at one location, the site of the present St. George ferry terminal. Improved transportation, making the area more convenient to lower Manhattan, was the primary impetus for the suburb's development boom. The story has been told that the appellation, St. George, which first appears on an 1885 map, was the name that ferry promoter Erastus Wiman gave to the terminal, after George Law, a railroad engineer and financier, made land available for the new railroad and new terminal.
The majority of houses in the proposed district were constructed in the 1880s and 1890s and reflect combination of the decorative Queen Anne styie and aspects of the Coionial Revival and Shingie styles; it is these houses which give the proposed district its predominant architectural character. Most of the houses are wood-frame structures with clapboard or shingie siding, although there are some masonry buildings. Taking advantage of the hilly topography, the houses are designed with picturesque features such as comer towers, protecting bays, and porches which add architectural variety. The houses on the south side of St. Marks Place, for example, are set uphill and back from the street while those on the north side of the street are located on narrow, deep jots running downhill to Carroll Place and have additional stories at the rear. Historically Carroll Place was lined with outbuildings related to the properties on St. Marks Place and Richmond Terrace.
A few of the surviving buildings on Carroll Place, such as those at Nos. 9, 17, and 135, appear on an 1874 map; they were subsequently converted for residential use. Other buildings on Carrol! Place are garages for the properties on St. Marks Place.
The Phelps Place cul-de-sac is located on what was once the Anson Phelps Stokes estate. The double houses at 7-8 and 9-10 Phelps Place, as well as the freestanding house at 11 Phelps Place, were all designed by Manhattan architect Douglass Smyth and built c. 1890. They display elements of the popular Shingle style as adapted to specuiativety developed suburban architecture.
The district is also notable for the large number of works; from this era designed by Staten Island architect Edward Alfred Sargent (1842-1914). Examples of Sargent's work within the proposed district include the houses at 103, 115, 119, and 125 St. Marks Place, dating from c. 1890, which show the influence of the Shingle style. No. 103 was built for banker Frederick L. Rodewald, while Nos. 115 and 119 were built for Vernon Brown, a shipping agent for Cunard Lines. No. 1-5 St. Marks Place (c. 1887-91) and No. 27 St. Mark's Place (1906) are also documented as having been designed by Sargent, as were the c. 1890 alterations to the earlier house at No. 75 which included the addition of the porch and projecting bays.
As the governmental and business center developed near the ferry terminal in the years after Staten Island was consolidated into Greater New York, the larger neighborhood including the area of the district came to be known as St. George. Suburban development continued in the district as the owners of large estates died and the heirs sold off the properties. He freestanding frame houses from this period, many of them on the east side of Westervelt Avenue and on Hamilton Avenue, continue the stylistic trends established by Sargent and his contemporaries in the 1890s.
Also included within the district are examples of non-residential architecture which contribute to its character. The neo-Romanesque St. Peter's Roman Catholic Church, built in 1900-01 to the designs of Harding & Gooch, on the site of an 1844 structure which had been Staten Island's first Roman Catholic church, dominates the view down St. Mark's Place. Two one-story commercial buildings, faced in decorative terra cotta and built along the west side of Westervelt Avenue, are typical of small stores constructed in suburban residential neighborhoods during the 1920s and '30s.
The historical significance of the St. George Historic District comes in part because of its prominent residents over several generations, including many leading members of the arts, professions, and business community, political and social leaders, and founders of such important local institutions as the Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences and the Staten Island Women's Club.
The architecture of the district reflecting several distinct eras of suburban development on Staten Island, the curving streetscapes, the distinctive topography, and the terraced landscape al! work together to give the area its special character.
- From the 1994 NYCLPC Historic District Designation Report
Image contributed by the Orange County Harbor District / Orange County Harbor Commission.
This is just one sample of the many items included in the time capsule placed at Dana Point Harbor during the harbor's "rock placing" (groundbreaking) in 1966. The capsule was opened during a special ceremony in Aug. 2016.
There are no known copyright restrictions on this image. All future uses of this photo should include the courtesy line, "Photo courtesy Orange County Archives."
Comments are welcome after reading our Comment Policy.
NUTEC Plastics
A nuclear solution to plastic pollution.
(NUclear TEChnology for Controlling Plastic Pollution)
Roundtable for Asia and the Pacific Region, “Atoms Contributing to the Search for Solutions to Plastic Pollution” held at the Agency headquarters in Vienna, Austria. 18 May 2021
Session 1: Plastic Pollution: Challenges and the Need for Global Action.
Remarks by Rafael Mariano Grossi, IAEA Director General
Keynote Speech Mr. Peter Thomson, UNSG’s Special Envoy for the Ocean
Roundtable discussion with Distinguished Panelists, Chaired by IAEA Director General
HE Mr. Huang Runqiu, Minister, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, People’s Republic of China
Mr. Zhifeng Zhang, Director General, Department of Marine Protection, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, People’s Republic of China
HE Ms. Siti Nurbaya Bakar, Minister, Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Republic of Indonesia
HE Mr. Hiroyoshi Sasagawa, State Minister of the Environment, Ministry of Environment, Japan
HE Mr. Tomohiro Kondo, Vice- Minister of the Environment, Ministry of Environment, Japan
Ms. Armida Salsiah Alisjahbana, Under-Secretary-General, Executive Secretary, ESCAP
Ms. Dechen Tsering, Director for Asia and the Pacific, UNEP
Photo Credit: Dean Calma / IAEA
Charles Clark Mackirdy (1811-1891) was the owner of a large cotton spinning company and was buried on Christmas Eve 1891. The monument is based on the popular design of Lysicrates with a Corinthian rotunda and was designed by J. Thomson (senior). The sculptor was David Buchanan.
Described as a 'unique representation of Victorian Glasgow, built when Glasgow was the second city of the Empire. It reflects the feeling of confidence and wealth and security of that time'.
It is a memorial to the merchant patriarchs of the city and contains the remains of almost every eminent Glaswegian of its day. Monuments designed by leading Glaswegian architects including Alexander 'Greek' Thomson, Bryce, Hamilton and Mackintosh adorn it. Their designs are executed by expert masons and sculptors who contributed the ornate and sculptural detail of the finest quality.
The Necropolis remains one of the most significant cemeteries in Europe, exceptional in its contribution to the townscape, its symbolic relationship to Glasgow Cathedral and to the medieval heart of the city. It is a major attraction to visitors from the UK and overseas.
The presence of hair in tissue incites a foreign body giant cell reaction. This is human hair.
Image contributed by Dr. Yale Rosen - @yro854
History
Sissinghurst's garden was created in the 1930s by Vita Sackville-West, poet and gardening writer, and her husband Harold Nicolson, author and diplomat.[2] Sackville-West was a writer on the fringes of the Bloomsbury Group who found her greatest popularity in the weekly columns she contributed as gardening correspondent of The Observer, which incidentally—for she never touted it—made her own garden famous.[3] The garden itself is designed as a series of 'rooms', each with a different character of colour and/or theme, the walls being high clipped hedges and many pink brick walls.[4] The rooms and 'doors' are so arranged that, as one enjoys the beauty in a given room, one suddenly discovers a new vista into another part of the garden, making a walk a series of discoveries that keeps leading one into yet another area of the garden.[5] Nicolson spent his efforts coming up with interesting new interconnections, while Sackville-West focused on making the flowers in the interior of each room exciting.
For Sackville-West, Sissinghurst and its garden rooms came to be a poignant and romantic substitute for Knole,[6] reputedly the largest house in Britain, which as the only child of Lionel, the 3rd Lord Sackville she would have inherited had she been a male, but which had passed to her cousin as the male heir.
The site is ancient; "hurst" is the Saxon term for an enclosed wood. A manor house with a three-armed moat was built here in the Middle Ages. In 1305, King Edward I spent a night here. It was long thought that in 1490 Thomas Baker, a man from Cranbrook, purchased Sissinghurst, although there is no evidence for it.[7] What is certain is that the house was given a new brick gatehouse in the 1530s by Sir John Baker, one of Henry VIII's Privy Councillors, and greatly enlarged in the 1560s by his son Sir Richard Baker, when it became the centre of a 700-acre (2.8 km2) deer park. In August 1573 Queen Elizabeth I spent three nights at Sissinghurst.[7]
Rose arbour in Sissinghurst's White Garden room, which set a fashion for 'white gardens'[8]
After the collapse of the Baker family in the late 17th century, the building had many uses: as a prisoner-of-war camp during the Seven Years' War; as the workhouse for the Cranbrook Union; after which it became homes for farm labourers.
Sackville-West and Nicolson found Sissinghurst in 1930 after concern that their property Long Barn, near Sevenoaks, Kent, was close to development over which they had no control. Although Sissinghurst was derelict, they purchased the ruins and the farm around it and began constructing the garden we know today.[6] The layout by Nicolson and planting by Sackville-West were both strongly influenced by the gardens of Gertrude Jekyll and Edwin Lutyens; by the earlier Cothay Manor in Somerset, laid out by Nicolson's friend Reginald Cooper, and described by one garden writer as the "Sissinghurst of the West Country";[9] and by Hidcote Manor Garden, designed and owned by Lawrence Johnston, which Sackville-West helped to preserve. Sissinghurst was first opened to the public in 1938.wikipedia
This mid-century modern 1956 courthouse was designed by the firm of Cayton and Murray. It is considered a contributing property to the 2009 listing of the Abilene Downtown Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places.
Although Dwight D. Eisenhower was born in Denison, Texas, he called the town of Abilene his hometown. I can see why he liked it so much when I visited here.
Also of interest to me is the fact that the city of Abilene, Texas, which is about ten to fifteen times larger that Abilene, Kansas, was named for this community.
The mosaic above the main entrance to the Council House, showing industry etc that have contributed to the wealth of Victorian Birmingham.
Built between 1874 and 1879 on what was once Ann Street, and designed by Yeoville Thomason, the Council House is now a Grade II listed building, used for all Council and most Committee meetings. The front, facing Victoria Square, has a pediment showing Britannia receiving the manufacturers of Birmingham.
The town argued long and hard whether the finished building should be called The Municipal Hall, Council House, or Guildhall. The total cost was £163,805.
Behind it stands the Museum and Art Gallery, built by the same architect in 1881-5.
————————————————————————————————————————————
Above the entrance is a Mosaic by Salviati Burke and Co. of Venice, 'Britannia rewarding the Birmingham Manufactures' with the central figure of the Municipality of Birmingham handing out scrolls of Stability and Power to the other figures identified in gilded lettering, representing Science, Art, Liberty, Law, Commerce and Industry.
Sculptors
Richard Lockwood Boulton (Thornton Dale, Yorkshire c. 1832 - 1905), Sculptor, architectural sculptor, stonemason, of c. 1870 in Cheltenham.
Richard's sons became sculptors and stone carvers working for the family business: Lockwood Dutson Boulton (1857-1927) and Thomas Dutson Boulton (1860-1932) who were both born in Birmingham and Gilbert Dutson Boulton (1865-1936) and Frank Cowley Boulton (c.1877-?) both born in Cheltenham. The four sons inherited the firm on their father's retirement in 1893 and were working together at the time of their father's death in 1905 (the firm continued to be active until at least 1971) (Mapping of Sculpture - sculpture.gla.ac.uk/view/person.php?id=msib4_1212053142).
Salviati, glass makers and mosaicists in Murano, Venice and also in London, working as the firm Salviati, Jesurum & Co. of 213 Regent Street, London; also as Salviati and Co. and later (after 1866) as the Venice and Murano Glass and Mosaic Company (Today Pauly & C. - Compagnia Venezia Murano) (Wikipedia - en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salviati_(glassmakers)).
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
Knowsley Safari Park is a zoological park and tourist attraction in the Knowsley area of Merseyside, England. Knowsley Safari Park is a member of the British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) and the European Association of Zoos and Aquaria (EAZA). The safari park contributes to conservation and research through links with conservation projects and its links with universities in Liverpool, Chester and Manchester.
History
The park was opened in July 1971 by Edward Stanley, 18th Earl of Derby and Jimmy Chipperfield[9] using the expertise of general manager Laurence Tennant MBE, formerly the Chief Game Warden of Parks in Uganda and Botswana. Initially the road through the park was 3.5 miles (5.6 km), with visitors driving past lions, cheetahs, monkeys, giraffes, zebra, elephants and various antelope. Due to the popularity of this route, an additional 1.5 miles (2.4 km) of road was added in 1973, and camels, buffalo, white rhino, and tigers were added to the park. Over the years, a few modifications have been made. For instance, tigers are now displayed in enclosures within the reserve, and a bypass around the baboons was built for visitors who are worried about damage to their cars.
The park was also home to a former RAF airfield which closed at the end of World War II. The RAF airbase situated at the safari park was also known as No 49 SLG or RAF Knowsley Park and was in use between 13 May 1942 – November 1944.
The park has hosted several sporting events including the Olympic torch relay, watched by 6,000 children and families in June 2012. The park hosted the finish of Stage Two of the 2012 Tour of Britain cycling event and is scheduled to host Stage Three of the 2013 Tour on Tuesday 17 September.
Most recently it hosted the final leg of Big Learner Relay 2017 which has raised over £300,000 for the BBC Children in Need appeal since 2014. Louise Walsh the inspiration behind the BLR has been awarded the prime minister's points of light award which recognises outstanding individual volunteers.
In 1995 Mr William Middleton, a warden at the park, was crushed and paralysed due to a faulty elephant enclosure. Mr Middleton died 12 years later due to complications caused by his injuries.
Zoological collection
Situated around Knowsley Hall on the ancestral estate of the Earl of Derby, the reserve is home to many different animals including elephants, giraffes, lions, bongos, tigers and baboons. The Derby Estate have a tradition of keeping animals, ever since the famous artist and nonsense-poet Edward Lear was employed there in the 19th century to paint pictures of the Earl's collection.
The park is open to the public and customers drive around the park in their own vehicles. There is a bypass route past the baboons for those who wish to avoid the risk of the baboons damaging their cars. In 2009 the baboons made the news all over the world when a video was released showing how they were intelligent and curious enough to open car roofboxes.
Tiger Trail
Amur Tiger Trail opened 25 May 2018, home to the Amur Tiger otherwise known as the Siberian Tiger. The area is 10,000m2 and includes forested areas, natural streams and ponds.
The Equatorial Trail
This exhibit focuses on animals who thrive in habitats around the Earth's Equator. The exhibit also houses the 'Equatorial Express', a small train which visitors can ride to gain a unique viewpoint of the animals. 4 completely different species of animals are housed in this exhibit, the South American tapir, Sitatunga, Rhea and the Capybara.
African Elephant
Until 2017 the park housed a herd of 4 adult cows named Tana, Ashanti, Nala and Juba. They were transported to Zoo Parc d'Beauval, France to enter the European Breeding Programme and allow for transformations on Knowsley Safari's Foot Safari. Knowsley previously housed a bull named Nissim, who collapsed in June 2014. Knowsley also recently lost their cow named Shaba due to a long battle with elephant arthritis.
Southern White Rhinoceros
Knowsley's crash of 11 adult rhinos is one of the most successful and genetically diverse breeding groups in Europe. The latest calf (as at 4 June 2016), Nomvula (Mother of Rain – a reference to the recent wet weather), born to mum Meru and is the 19th to be born at the facility in the last 40 years. Nomvula is Meru's 6th calf and was born on 2 January 2016.
Safari Drive
The Safari Drive is the park's main attraction and contains over 29 species of animals in 7 zones.
Zone 1+11
This zone contains: Père David's deer, Yak, Kiang and Bactrian camel.
Zone 2+8
This zone contains: Blackbuck, Nilgai, Eld's deer, Chital (Axis Deer) and Barasingha.
Zone 3+4+6
Zone 6 is over 100 acres and contains over a mile of road. It is one of Knowsley's two white rhino paddocks and is one of the largest in the UK. This zone contains: Southern White Rhino, Roan antelope, Eland, Lechwe, Wildebeest, Plains Zebra, African Forest Buffalo, Ostritch and Waterbuck.
Zone 5
This zone contains: Blesbok and Bongo
Zone 7
This zone contains exclusively the Olive baboon, which are famous for removing windscreen wipers and other appendages off vehicles. There is a car-friendly route which totally removes this zone however is still visible from outside the perimeter. This leads directly to zone 6.
Zone 9
This zone contains: European Bison, Fallow Deer and European Moose
Zone 10
This zone contains: Lion, and the Somali wild ass. This zone previously housed African wild dog, Iberian Wolf and Siberian Tiger.
All information correct and sourced from the Knowsley Safari Guide Book 2018 and edited by an editor who loves animals.
Railway and other attractions
The park features a 15 in (381 mm) gauge railway, 'The Lakeside Railway', on which visitors may tour parts of the site. There is also a collection of amusements and fairground rides on site plus paintballing, off-road driving challenges, and aerial extreme ropewalks.
A baboon house was added in 2006, along with African wild dogs that same year, a lion and tiger house in 2007. Red river hogs and marmosets were also added to the walkaround section, as well as an outdoor pool.
Animal care
In January 2011, local animal rights activists held a peaceful demonstration after an inspection by government vets found one instance of a breach of regulations on the disposal of animal ‘by-products’. Pictures in the Daily Mail showed animals lying dead on the ground and in binbags, although the park's directors claim the pictures were staged by the photographer, whose husband the paper claimed had recently lost his job at the park. The park has since installed an enclosure for the storage of animal carcasses before disposal. The British and Irish Association of Zoos and Aquariums (BIAZA) later said it had ‘full confidence’ in Knowsley and praised its ‘excellent standards of animal husbandry and welfare’.
From Rushil Sutaria: "The photo was taken during a social event organized for awareness regarding the serious issues of littering and contaminating the water of the river, the photo depicts young hands participating for a social cause and contributing their bit for the betterment of the society."
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
Contributing Building - Hub City Historic District (Boundary Increase II) - National Register of Historic Places
NRIS #12000431
Built ca 1931
Style: Gothic Revival
UNICEF contributed to improved maternal and neonatal care through the development of strategies, protocols, manuals and a handbook on maternal and perinatal care. The handbook included strategies for mortality reduction, hygiene and sanitation, safe immunization practices, case management of diarrhoeal diseases/acute respiratory infections, breastfeeding promotion, micronutrient supplementation, and anaemia control. Support was also given to cascading training of medical professionals at all levels for effective rollout of strategies and protocols.
IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! community event at the All Souls Unitarian Church at 1500 Harvard Street, NW, Washington DC on Saturday afternoon, 28 September 2013 by Elvert Barnes Photography
Opening Remarks
Gustavo Velasquez, Director, Office of Human Rights (speaker)
Sarah Browning, Director, Split This Rock (background)
Follow DC Office of Human Rights / IMMIGRANTS CONTRIBUTE: AMERICA, WE SING BACK! facebook event page at www.facebook.com/events/530488973690958/
Dan Lawson built the original portion of the house in 1856. The brick chimney was unusual for the time and locale- the brick were made at the site. The original portion of the house was constructed of hewn logs. The house was expanded using sawed lumber. One component of the expansion was the "stranger's room," built on the front elevation beside the porch. The so called stranger's room was built to accommodate overnight visitors or passing travelers. The Don Larson house is in the Cades Cove Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places and is a contributing property.
(This image is the property of Earl C. Leatherberry. Use of the image requires written permission. The image may not be sold or redistributed, copied or distributed as a photograph, electronic file, or any other media.)
Contributing Building - Model Land Company Historic District - National Register of Historic Places
NRIS #83001439
N8923E
DC-9-31
NWA
KDCA
NTSB Identification: MIA91LA005.
The docket is stored on NTSB microfiche number 43585.
Scheduled 14 CFR operation of EASTERN AIR LINES (D.B.A. operation of EASTERN AIR LINES )
Accident occurred Wednesday, October 03, 1990 in CAPE CANAVERAL, FL
Probable Cause Approval Date: 03/31/1993
Aircraft: MCDONNELL DOUGLAS DC-9-31, registration: N8923E
Injuries: 1 Fatal,2 Serious,23 Minor,71 Uninjured.
EASTERN AIRLINE FLT 791 ENCTRD TURBULENCE WHILE EN ROUTE AT 31,000 FT AS IT FLEW THRU THE OVERHANG OF A THUNDERSTORM. FLT THRU OVERHANGS WAS CONTRARY TO THE COMPANY FLT OPNS PROCEDURES. THREE PSGRS RCVD SERIOUS INJURIES & ONE OF THESE (84 YRS OLD) DIED 20 DAYS AFTER THE ACDNT. THE MEDICAL EXAMINER LISTED THE CAUSE OF DEATH AS 'ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA AND PNEUMOTHORAX DUE TO BLUNT TRAUMA DUE TO COMMERCIAL AIRLINE TURBULENCE ENCOUNTER.' CONTRIBUTING TO THE DEATH WAS 'OCCLUSIVE CORONARY ATHEROSCLEROSIS.' ALSO, 23 PSGRS RCVD MINOR INJURIES. ACCORDING TO FLT ATTENDANTS, ALL INJURED PSGRS WERE EITHER STANDING IN THE AISLE OR LAVARATORIES OR IN SEATS WITHOUT BELTS ON. THE SEAT BELT SIGN HAD BEEN ON SINCE DEPARTURE; BEFORE DEPARTURE, FLT ATTENDANTS HAD BRIEFED THE PSGRS TO REMAIN SEATED WITH BELTS ON AT ALL TIMES WHILE THE SEAT BELT LIGHT WAS ILLUMINATED. FLT ATTENDANTS INDCD THAT THEY HAD NOT ENFORCED THE SEAT BELT INSTRUCTION.
The National Transportation Safety Board determines the probable cause(s) of this accident to be:
FAILURE OF THE CAPTAIN TO FOLLOW PROCEDURES, HIS IMPROPER IN-FLIGHT PLANNING/DECISION BY ALLOWING THE AIRCRAFT TO CONTINUE INTO THE OVERHANG (ANVIL) OF A THUNDERSTORM, FAILURE OF THE PASSENGERS TO ABIDE BY PROCEDURES/INSTRUCTIONS CONCERNING USE OF SEAT BELTS, AND FAILURE OF THE FLIGHT ATTENDANTS TO ENFORCE THE USE OF SEATBELTS. THE WEATHER CONDITION (TURBULENCE) WAS A RELATED FACTOR.
The Vice-Chancellor’s Awards for Outstanding Achievement 2016 aim to recognise those students and staff within the university who have contributed to university life across a number of areas.
Cory Richards, Contributing Photographer, National Geographic Magazine, USA, is speaking at the Session "Nature and the Human Spirit " at the Annual Meeting 2017 of the World Economic Forum in Davos, January 19, 2017
Copyright by World Economic Forum / Mattias Nutt
The Tipton house was built in the early 1870s. The house sits on a foundation of loose fieldstones piers. The original hand-hewn log structure was later covered with boards. There are two doors on the front façade, one leading from the porch to the living room and one leading to the bedroom. The house has a loft. The Tipton house is in the Cades Cove Historic District on the National Register of Historic Places and is a contributing property.
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin (born Ioseb Besarionis dze Jughashvili; 18 December [O.S. 6 December] 1878 – 5 March 1953) was a Soviet revolutionary and politician who was the leader of the Soviet Union from 1924 until his death in 1953. He held power as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (1922–1952) and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Soviet Union (1941–1953). Initially governing the country as part of a collective leadership, he consolidated power to become a dictator by the 1930s. Ideologically adhering to the Leninist interpretation of Marxism, he formalised these ideas as Marxism–Leninism, while his own policies are called Stalinism.
Born into a poor family in Gori in what was then the Russian Empire, Stalin attended the Tbilisi Spiritual Seminary before joining the Marxist Russian Social Democratic Labour Party. He edited the party's newspaper, Pravda, and raised funds for Vladimir Lenin's Bolshevik faction via robberies, kidnappings and protection rackets. Repeatedly arrested, he underwent several internal exiles to Siberia. After the Bolsheviks seized power in the October Revolution and created a one-party state under the new Communist Party in 1917, Stalin joined its governing Politburo. Serving in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922, Stalin assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's death in 1924. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's ideology. As a result of his Five-Year Plans, the country underwent agricultural collectivisation and rapid industrialisation, creating a centralised command economy. Severe disruptions to food production contributed to the famine of 1930–33, including the Asharshylyk in Kazakhstan and the Holodomor in Ukraine. To eradicate those deemed "enemies of the working class", Stalin instituted the Great Purge, in which over a million were imprisoned, largely in the Gulag system of forced labour camps, and at least 700,000 executed between 1934 and 1939. By 1937, he had absolute control over the party and government.
Stalin promoted Marxism–Leninism abroad through the Communist International and supported European anti-fascist movements during the 1930s, particularly in the Spanish Civil War. In 1939, his regime signed a non-aggression pact with Nazi Germany, resulting in the Soviet invasion of Poland. Germany ended the pact by invading the Soviet Union in 1941. Despite initial catastrophes, the Soviet Red Army repelled the German invasion and captured Berlin in 1945, ending World War II in Europe. Amid the war, the Soviets annexed the Baltic states and Bessarabia and North Bukovina, subsequently establishing Soviet-aligned governments throughout Central and Eastern Europe and in parts of East Asia. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as global superpowers and entered a period of tension, the Cold War. Stalin presided over the Soviet post-war reconstruction and its development of an atomic bomb in 1949. During these years, the country experienced another major famine and an antisemitic campaign that culminated in the doctors' plot. After Stalin's death in 1953, he was eventually succeeded by Nikita Khrushchev, who subsequently denounced his rule and initiated the de-Stalinisation of Soviet society.
Widely considered to be one of the 20th century's most significant figures, Stalin was the subject of a pervasive personality cult within the international Marxist–Leninist movement, which revered him as a champion of the working class and socialism. Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991, Stalin has retained popularity in Russia and Georgia as a victorious wartime leader who cemented the Soviet Union's status as a leading world power. Conversely, his totalitarian regime has been widely condemned for overseeing mass repression, ethnic cleansing, pervasive censorship, wide-scale deportation, hundreds of thousands of executions, and famines that killed millions.
Oskar Schindler's Enamel Factory (Polish: Fabryka Emalia Oskara Schindlera) is a former metal item factory in Kraków. It now hosts two museums: the Museum of Contemporary Art in Kraków, on the former workshops, and a branch of the Historical Museum of the City of Kraków, situated at ul. Lipowa 4 (4 Lipowa Street) in the district of Zabłocie [pl], in the administrative building of the former enamel factory known as Oskar Schindler's Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik (DEF), as seen in the film Schindler's List. Operating here before DEF was the first Malopolska factory of enamelware and metal products limited liability company, instituted in March 1937.
History
Pierwsza Małopolska Fabryka Naczyń Emaliowanych i Wyrobów Blaszanych “Rekord,”Spółka z ograniczoną odpowiedzialnością w Krakowie ('Rekord' First Małopolska Factory of Enamel Vessels and Tinware, Limited Liability Company in Kraków) was established in March 1937 by three Jewish entrepreneurs: Michał Gutman from Bedzin, Izrael Kahn from Kraków, and Wolf Luzer Glajtman from Olkusz. The partners leased the production halls from the factory of wire, mesh, and iron products with its characteristic sawtooth roofs, and purchased a plot at ul. Lipowa 4 for their future base. It was then that the following were built: the stamping room where metal sheets were processed, prepared and pressed, the deacidification facility (varnishing) where the vessels were bathed in a solution of sulfuric acid to remove all impurities and grease, and the enamel shop, where enamel was laid in a number of layers: the priming coat first, then the colour, and finally another protective coat.
The ownership of the company changed a number of times, and its financial situation continued to worsen. In June 1939, the company applied for insolvency, which was officially announced by the Regional Court in Kraków.
World War II
On 1 September 1939, Nazi Germany invaded Poland and the Second World War broke out. On 6 September, German troops entered Kraków. It was also probably around that time in which Oskar Schindler, a Sudeten German who was a member of the Nazi Party and an agent of the Abwehr, arrived in Kraków. Using the power of the German occupation forces in the capacity of a trustee, he took over the German kitchenware shop on ul. Krakowska, and in November 1939, on the power of the decision of the Trusteeship Authority he took over the receivership of the "Rekord" company in Zabłocie. He also produced ammunition shells, so that his factory would be classed as an essential part of the war effort. He managed to build a subcamp of the Płaszów forced labor camp in the premises where "his" Jews had scarce contact with camp guards.
In January 1940, Schindler changed the name of the factory to Deutsche Emailwarenfabrik - DEF. Initially, non-Jewish Poles predominated among the employed workers. Year by year, the number of Jewish Poles workers recruited through the ghetto wage office increased. Schindler in this respect was initially driven by economic reasons—employing Jews significantly decreased the costs of recruitment, as they did not receive any compensation. For each Polish Jew worker, the factory director paid a small fee to the SS - 4 złotys per day for a working woman and 5 złotys per day for a working man. The non-Jewish Poles remained employed mainly in administrative positions. The number of Polish Jew workers increased from over 150 in 1940 to around 1100 in 1944 (this is the sum of workers from three nearby factories, barracked in the sub-camp at DEF).
From the very beginning of the factory's operation, Schindler used part of its profits to provide food for its Jewish workers. The working conditions were difficult, especially at the stands at enamel furnaces and at ladles with sulfuric acid, with which the workers (predominantly women) had direct contact. Other difficulties included low temperatures in the winter, as well as lice epidemics, which caused mainly dysentery, but also typhus. On the other hand, workers at Schindler's factory received bigger food portions than in other factories based on forced labour. During the existence of the ghetto in Podgórze, Jewish workers were led to the factory under the escort of industrial guards (Werkschutzs) or Ukrainians.
When in 1943 the ghetto was liquidated, Kraków Jews who escaped death at that time were transferred to the Plaszow labour camp. The distance from the ghetto to Schindler’s Emalia factory had not been very far, but from the Płaszów camp the inmates had to walk several miles. Their workday was already twelve hours long, and Schindler felt sorry for his people. Schindler then applied for a permit to establish a sub-camp of the Plaszow camp on the premises of his factory. He argued that his employees had to walk more than ten kilometers from the camp to the factory every day. Bringing them to the factory would increase its efficiency. His arguments as well as bribes made his plan come to life. In the barracks in Zabłocie, employees of DEF and three neighboring companies producing for the needs of the German army were accommodated. The camp was surrounded by barbed wire, watchtowers were built, and an assembly square was situated between the barracks. The nutritional conditions were much better than in the Płaszow camp, especially due to the cooperation with Polish employees - they contacted people in the city, brought letters and food to the Jewish workers.
The production in the factory and the camp was controlled, and Amon Göth, the commandant of the Plaszow camp, was often a guest here. Thanks to Schindler's efforts, the inspections were not so burdensome for the plant employees. It was only after the Płaszow camp was transformed into a concentration camp in January 1944 that the prisoners from Zabłocie were subject to permanent SS control. The work initially lasted 12 hours in a two-shift system, then 8 hours in a three-shift system. As the eastern front approached Kraków, the Germans began to liquidate the camps and prisons in the east of the General Government. It was then that Oskar Schindler decided to evacuate the factory with its employees to Brünnlitz in the Czech Republic.
Post-war
After the war, as early as 1946, the factory was nationalized. In the 1948–2002 period, the former DEF facilities were used by Krakowskie Zakłady Elektroniczne Unitra-Telpod (later renamed Telpod S.A.), a company manufacturing telecommunications equipment. Only in 2005, the territory returned to the use of the city of Krakow, and since 2007 the exposition of the ‘Krakow Historical Museum’ called ”Krakow. The period of occupation 1939-1945” has been located here. The museum has the desk and the stairs from the set of Schindler's List as part of the tour.
Kraków, also seen spelled Cracow or absent Polish diacritics as Krakow, is the second-largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in Lesser Poland Voivodeship, the city dates back to the seventh century. Kraków was the official capital of Poland until 1596 and has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, economic, cultural and artistic life. Cited as one of Europe's most beautiful cities, its Old Town with Wawel Royal Castle was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1978, one of the world's first sites granted the status.
The city has grown from a Stone Age settlement to Poland's second-most-important city. It began as a hamlet on Wawel Hill and was reported by Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, a 10th-century merchant from Córdoba, as a busy trading centre of Central Europe in 985. With the establishment of new universities and cultural venues at the emergence of the Second Polish Republic in 1918 and throughout the 20th century, Kraków reaffirmed its role as a major national academic and artistic centre. As of 2023, the city has a population of 804,237, with approximately 8 million additional people living within a 100 km (62 mi) radius of its main square.
After the invasion of Poland by Nazi Germany at the start of World War II, the newly defined Distrikt Krakau (Kraków District) became the capital of Germany's General Government. The Jewish population of the city was forced into a walled zone known as the Kraków Ghetto, from where they were sent to Nazi extermination camps such as the nearby Auschwitz, and Nazi concentration camps like Płaszów. However, the city was spared from destruction and major bombing.
In 1978, Karol Wojtyła, archbishop of Kraków, was elevated to the papacy as Pope John Paul II—the first non-Italian pope in 455 years. Also that year, UNESCO approved Kraków's entire Old Town and historic centre and the nearby Wieliczka Salt Mine as Poland's first World Heritage Sites. Kraków is classified as a global city with the ranking of "high sufficiency" by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Its extensive cultural heritage across the epochs of Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque architecture includes Wawel Cathedral and Wawel Royal Castle on the banks of the Vistula, St. Mary's Basilica, Saints Peter and Paul Church and the largest medieval market square in Europe, Rynek Główny. Kraków is home to Jagiellonian University, one of the oldest universities in the world and traditionally Poland's most reputable institution of higher learning. The city also hosts a number of institutions of national significance such as the National Museum, Kraków Opera, Juliusz Słowacki Theatre, National Stary Theatre and the Jagiellonian Library. The city is served by John Paul II International Airport, the country's second busiest airport and the most important international airport for the inhabitants of south-eastern Poland.
In 2000, Kraków was named European Capital of Culture. In 2013, Kraków was officially approved as a UNESCO City of Literature. The city hosted World Youth Day in 2016 and the European Games in 2023.
Kraków is one of the largest and oldest cities in Poland, with the urban population of 804,237 (June, 2023). Situated on the Vistula river (Polish: Wisła) in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. It was the capital of Poland from 1038 to 1596, the capital of the Grand Duchy of Kraków from 1846 to 1918, and the capital of Kraków Voivodeship from the 14th century to 1999. It is now the capital of the Lesser Poland Voivodeship.
Timeline of Kraków
Historical affiliations
Vistulans, pre X century
Duchy of Bohemia, X century–ca. 960
Duchy of Poland, ca. 960–1025
Kingdom of Poland, 1025–1031
Duchy of Poland, 1031–1320
∟ Seniorate Province, 1138–1227
Duchy of Kraków, 1227–1320
Kingdom of Poland, 1320–1569
Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, 1569–1795
Austrian Empire, 1795–1809
∟ Galicia
Duchy of Warsaw, 1809–1815
Free City of Cracow, 1815–1846
Austrian Empire, 1846–1867
Austria-Hungary, 1867–1918
∟ Grand Duchy of Kraków (subdivision of Galicia)
Republic of Poland, 1918–1939
General Government, 1939–1945 (part of German-occupied Europe)
Provisional Government of National Unity, 1945–1947
Polish People's Republic, 1947–1989
Poland, 1989–present
Early history
The earliest known settlement on the present site of Kraków was established on Wawel Hill, and dates back to the 4th century. Legend attributes the town's establishment to the mythical ruler Krakus, who built it above a cave occupied by a ravenous dragon, Smok Wawelski. Many knights unsuccessfully attempted to oust the dragon by force, but instead, Krakus fed it a poisoned lamb, which killed the dragon. The city was free to flourish. Dragon bones, most likely that of mammoth, are displayed at the entrance of the Wawel Cathedral. Before the Polish state had been formed, Kraków was the capital of the tribe of Vistulans, subjugated for a short period by Great Moravia. After Great Moravia was destroyed by the Hungarians, Kraków became part of the kingdom of Bohemia. The first appearance of the city's name in historical records dates back to 966, when a Sephardi Jewish traveller, Abraham ben Jacob, described Kraków as a notable commercial centre under the rule of the then duke of Bohemia (Boleslaus I the Cruel). He also mentioned the baptism of Prince Mieszko I and his status as the first historical ruler of Poland. Towards the end of his reign, Mieszko took Kraków from the Bohemians and incorporated it into the holdings of the Piast dynasty.
By the end of the 10th century, the city was a leading center of trade. Brick buildings were being constructed, including the Royal Wawel Castle with the Rotunda of Sts. Felix and Adauctus, Romanesque churches, a cathedral, and a basilica. Sometime after 1042, Casimir I the Restorer made Kraków the seat of the Polish government. In 1079 on a hillock in nearby Skałka, the Bishop of Kraków, Saint Stanislaus of Szczepanów, was slain by the order of the Polish king Bolesław II the Generous. In 1138, the Testament of Bolesław III Wrymouth came into effect upon his death. It divided Poland into five provinces, with Kraków named as the Seniorate Province, meant to be ruled by the eldest male member of the royal family as the High Duke. Infighting among brothers, however, caused the seniorate system to soon collapse, and a century-long struggle between Bolesław's descendants followed. The fragmentation of Poland lasted until 1320.
Kraków was almost entirely destroyed during the Mongol invasion of Poland in 1241, after the Polish attempt to repulse the invaders had been crushed in the Battle of Chmielnik. Kraków was rebuilt in 1257, in a form which was practically unaltered, and received self-government city rights from the king based on the Magdeburg Law, attracting mostly German-speaking burgers. In 1259, the city was again ravaged by the Mongols, 18 years after the first raid. A third attack, though unsuccessful, followed in 1287. The year 1311 saw the Rebellion of wójt Albert against Polish High Duke Władysław I. It involved the mostly German-speaking burghers of Kraków who, as a result, were massacred. In the aftermath, Kraków was gradually re-Polonized, and Polish burghers rose from a minority to a majority.
Further information: History of Poland in the Middle Ages
Medieval Kraków was surrounded by a 1.9 mile (3 km) defensive wall complete with 46 towers and seven main entrances leading through them (see St. Florian's Gate and Kraków Barbican). The fortifications were erected over the course of two centuries. The town defensive system appeared in Kraków after the city's location, i.e. in the second half of the 13th century (1257). This was when the construction of a uniform fortification line was commenced, but it seems the project could not be completed. Afterwards the walls, however, were extended and reinforced (a permit from Leszek Biały to encircle the city with high defensive walls was granted in 1285). Kraków rose to new prominence in 1364, when Casimir III of Poland founded the Cracow Academy, the second university in central Europe after the University of Prague. There had already been a cathedral school since 1150 functioning under the auspices of the city's bishop. The city continued to grow under the joint Lithuanian-Polish Jagiellon dynasty (1386–1572). As the capital of a powerful state, it became a flourishing center of science and the arts.
Kraków was a member of the Hanseatic League and many craftsmen settled there, established businesses and formed craftsmen's guilds. City Law, including guilds' depictions and descriptions, were recorded in the German language Balthasar Behem Codex. This codex is now featured at the Jagiellonian Library. By the end of the thirteenth century, Kraków had become a predominantly German city. In 1475 delegates of the elector George the Rich of Bavaria came to Kraków to negotiate the marriage of Princess Jadwiga of Poland (Hedwig in German), the daughter of King Casimir IV Jagiellon to George the Rich. Jadwiga traveled for two months to Landshut in Bavaria, where an elaborate marriage celebration, the Landshut Wedding took place. Around 1502 Kraków was already featured in the works of Albrecht Dürer as well as in those of Hartmann Schedel (Nuremberg Chronicle) and Georg Braun (Civitates orbis terrarum).
During the 15th century extremist clergymen advocated violence towards the Jews, who in a gradual process lost their positions. In 1469 Jews were expelled from their old settlement to Spiglarska Street. In 1485 Jewish elders were forced into a renunciation of trade in Kraków, which led many Jews to leave for Kazimierz that did not fall under the restrictions due to its status as a royal town. Following the 1494 fire in Kraków, a wave of anti-Jewish attacks took place. In 1495, King John I Albert expelled the Jews from the city walls of Kraków; they moved to Kazimierz (now a district of Kraków).
Renaissance
The Renaissance, whose influence originated in Italy, arrived in Kraków in the late 15th century, along with numerous Italian artists including Francesco Fiorentino, Bartolommeo Berrecci, Santi Gucci, Mateo Gucci, Bernardo Morando, and Giovanni Baptista di Quadro. The period, which elevated the intellectual pursuits, produced many outstanding artists and scientists such as Nicolaus Copernicus who studied at the local Academy. In 1468 the Italian humanist Filip Callimachus came to Kraków, where he worked as the teacher of the children of Casimir IV Jagiellon. In 1488 the imperial Poet Laureate and humanist Conrad Celtes founded the Sodalitas Litterarum Vistulana ("Literary Society on the Vistula"), a learned society based on the Roman Academies. In 1489, sculptor Veit Stoss (Wit Stwosz) of Nuremberg finished his work on the high altar of St. Mary's Church. He later made a marble sarcophagus for his benefactor Casimir IV Jagiellon. By 1500, Johann Haller had established a printing press in the city. Many works of the Renaissance movement were printed there during that time.
Art and architecture flourished under the watchful eye of King Sigismund I the Old, who ascended to the throne in 1507. He married Bona Sforza of a leading Milan family and using his new Italian connections began the major project (under Florentine architect Berrecci) of remaking the ancient residence of the Polish kings, the Wawel Castle, into a modern Renaissance palace. In 1520, Hans Behem made the largest church bell, named the Sigismund Bell after King Sigismund I. At the same time Hans Dürer, younger brother of Albrecht Dürer, was Sigismund's court painter. Around 1511 Hans von Kulmbach painted a series of panels for the Church of the Pauline Fathers at Skałka and the Church of St. Mary. Sigismund I also brought in Italian chefs who introduced Italian cuisine.
In 1558, a permanent postal connection between Kraków and Venice, the capitals of the Kingdom of Poland and the Republic of Venice respectively, was established and Poczta Polska was founded. In 1572, King Sigismund II died childless, and the throne passed briefly to Henry of Valois, then to Sigismund II's sister Anna Jagiellon and her husband Stephen Báthory, and then to Sigismund III of the Swedish House of Vasa. His reign changed Kraków dramatically, as he moved the government to Warsaw in 1596. A series of wars ensued between Sweden and Poland.
After the partitions of Poland
In the late 18th century, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned three times by its expansionist neighbors: Imperial Russia, the Austrian Empire, and the Kingdom of Prussia. After the first two partitions (1772 and 1793), Kraków was still part of the substantially reduced Polish nation. In 1794 Tadeusz Kościuszko initiated a revolt against the partitioning powers, the Kościuszko Uprising, in Kraków's market square. The Polish army, including many peasants, fought against the Russian and Prussian armies, but the larger forces ultimately put down the revolt. The Prussian army specifically took Kraków on 15 June 1794, and looted the Polish royal treasure kept at Wawel Castle. The stolen regalia, valued at 525,259 thalers, was secretly melted down in March 1809, while precious stones and pearls were appropriated in Berlin. Poland was partitioned for the third time in 1795, and Kraków became part of the Austrian province of Galicia.
When Napoleon Bonaparte of the French Empire captured part of what had once been Poland, he established the Duchy of Warsaw (1807) as an independent but subordinate state. West Galicia, including Kraków, was taken from the Austrian Empire and added to the Duchy of Warsaw in 1809 by the Treaty of Schönbrunn, which ended the War of the Fifth Coalition. The Congress of Vienna (1815) restored the partition of Poland, but gave Kraków partial independence as the Free City of Cracow.
The city again became the focus of a struggle for national sovereignty in 1846, during the Kraków Uprising. The uprising failed to spread outside the city to other Polish lands, and was put down. This resulted in the annexation of the city state to the Austrian Empire as the Grand Duchy of Cracow, once again part of the Galician lands of the empire.
In 1850 10% of the city was destroyed in the large fire.
After the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, Austria granted partial autonomy to Galicia, making Polish a language of government and establishing a provincial Diet. As this form of Austrian rule was more benevolent than that exercised by Russia and Prussia, Kraków became a Polish national symbol and a center of culture and art, known frequently as the "Polish Athens" (Polskie Ateny) or "Polish Mecca" to which Poles would flock to revere the symbols and monuments of Kraków's (and Poland's) great past. Several important commemorations took place in Kraków during the period from 1866–1914, including the 500th Anniversary of the Battle of Grunwald in 1910, in which world-renowned pianist Ignacy Paderewski unveiled a monument. Famous painters, poets and writers of this period, living and working in the city include Jan Matejko, Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz, Jan Kasprowicz, Juliusz Kossak, Wojciech Kossak, Stanisław Wyspiański and Stanisław Przybyszewski. The latter two were leaders of Polish modernism.
The Fin de siècle Kraków, even under the partitions, was famously the center of Polish national revival and culture, but the city was also becoming a modern metropolis during this period. In 1901 the city installed running water and witnessed the introduction of its first electric streetcars. (Warsaw's first electric streetcars came in 1907.) The most significant political and economic development of the first decade of the 20th century in Kraków was the creation of Greater Kraków (Wielki Kraków), the incorporation of the surrounding suburban communities into a single administrative unit. The incorporation was overseen by Juliusz Leo, the city's energetic mayor from 1904 to his death in 1918 (see also: the Mayors of Kraków).
Thanks to migration from the countryside and the fruits of incorporation from 1910 to 1915, Kraków's population doubled in just fifteen years, from approx. 91,000 to 183,000 in 1915. Russian troops besieged Kraków during the first winter of the First World War, and thousands of residents left the city for Moravia and other safer locales, generally returning in the spring and summer of 1915. During the war Polish Legions led by Józef Piłsudski set out to fight for the liberation of Poland, in alliance with Austrian and German troops. With the fall of Austro-Hungarian Empire, Poles liberated the city and it was included with the newly reborn Polish state (1918). Between the two World Wars Kraków was also a major Jewish cultural and religious center (see: Synagogues of Kraków), with the Zionist movement relatively strong among the city's Jewish population.
World War II
Poland was partitioned again at the onset of the Second World War. The Nazi German forces entered Kraków on September 6, 1939. The residents of the city were saved from German attack by the courageous Mayor Stanisław Klimecki who went to meet the invading Wehrmacht troops. He approached them with the call to stop shooting because the city was defenseless: "Feuer einstellen!" and offered himself as a hostage. He was killed by the Gestapo three years later in the Niepołomice Forest. The German Einsatzgruppen I and zbV entered the city to commit atrocities against Poles. On September 12, the Germans carried out a massacre of 10 Jews. On November 4, Kraków became the capital of the General Government, a colonial authority under the leadership of Hans Frank. The occupation took a heavy toll, particularly on the city's cultural heritage. On November 6, during the infamous Sonderaktion Krakau 184 professors and academics of the Jagiellonian University (including Rector Tadeusz Lehr-Spławiński among others) were arrested at the Collegium Novum during a meeting ordered by the Gestapo chief SS-Obersturmbannführer Bruno Müller. President of Kraków, Klimecki was apprehended at his home the same evening. After two weeks, they were sent to Sachsenhausen concentration camp, and in March 1940 further to Dachau. Those who survived were released only after international protest involving the Vatican. On November 9–10, during the Intelligenzaktion, the Germans carried out further mass arrests of 120 Poles, including teachers, students and judges. The Sicherheitspolizei took over the Montelupich Prison, which became one of the most infamous in German-occupied Poland. Many Poles arrested in Kraków, and various other places in the region, and even more distant cities such as Rzeszów and Przemyśl, were imprisoned there. Over 1,700 Polish prisoners were eventually massacred at Fort 49 of the Kraków Fortress and its adjacent forest, and deportations of Polish prisoners to concentration camps, incl. Ravensbrück and Auschwitz, were also carried out. The prison also contained a cell for kidnapped Polish children under the age of 10, with an average capacity of about 70 children, who were then sent to concentration camps and executed. From September to December 1939, the occupiers also operated a Dulag transit camp for Polish prisoners of war.
Many relics and monuments of national culture were looted and destroyed (yet again), including the bronze statue of Adam Mickiewicz stolen for scrap. The Jewish population was first ghettoized, and later murdered. Two major concentration camps near Kraków included Płaszów and the extermination camp of Auschwitz, to which many local Poles and Polish Jews were sent. Specific events surrounding the Jewish ghetto in Kraków and the nearby concentration camps were famously portrayed in the film Schindler's List, itself based on a book by Thomas Keneally entitled Schindler's Ark. The Polish Red Cross was also aware of over 2,000 Polish Jews from Kraków, who escaped from the Germans to Soviet-occupied eastern Poland, and then were deported by the Soviets to the USSR.
The Polish resistance movement was active in the city. Already in September 1939, the Organizacja Orła Białego resistance organization was founded. Kraków became the seat of one of the six main commands of the Union of Armed Struggle in occupied Poland (alongside Warsaw, Poznań, Toruń, Białystok and Lwów). A local branch of the Żegota underground Polish resistance organization was established to rescue Jews from the Holocaust.
The Germans operated several forced labour camps in the city, and in 1942–1944, they also operated the Stalag 369 prisoner-of-war camp for Dutch, Belgian and French POWs. In 1944, during and following the Warsaw Uprising, the Germans deported many captured Poles frow Warsaw to Kraków.
A common account popularized in the Soviet-controlled communist People's Republic of Poland, held that due to a rapid advance of the Soviet armies, Kraków allegedly escaped planned destruction during the German withdrawal. There are several different versions of that account. According to a version based on self-written Soviet statements, Marshal Ivan Konev claimed to have been informed by the Polish patriots of the German plan, and took an effort to preserve Kraków from destruction by ordering a lightning attack on the city while deliberately not cutting the Germans from the only withdrawal path, and by not aiding the attack with aviation and artillery. The credibility of those accounts has been questioned by Polish historian Andrzej Chwalba who finds no physical evidence of the German master plan for demolition and no written proof showing that Konev ordered the attack with the intention of preserving the city. He portrays Konev's strategy as ordinary – only accidentally resulting in little damage to Kraków – exaggerated later into a myth of "Konev, savior of Kraków" by Soviet propaganda. The Red Army entry into the city was accompanied by a wave of rapes of women and girls resulting in official protests.
Post-war period
After the war, the government of the People's Republic of Poland ordered the construction of the country's largest steel mill in the suburb of Nowa Huta. This was regarded by some as an attempt to diminish the influence of Kraków's intellectual and artistic heritage by industrialization of the city and by attracting to it the new working class. In the 1950s some Greeks, refugees of the Greek Civil War, settled in Nowa Huta.
The city is regarded by many to be the cultural capital of Poland. In 1978, UNESCO placed Kraków on the list of World Heritage Sites. In the same year, on October 16, 1978, Kraków's archbishop, Karol Wojtyła, was elevated to the papacy as John Paul II, the first non-Italian pope in 455 years.
Kraków's population has quadrupled since the end of World War II. After the collapse of the Soviet Empire and the subsequent joining of the European Union, Offshoring of IT work from other nations has become important to the economy of Kraków and Poland in general in recent years. The city is the key center for this kind of business activity. There are about 20 large multinational companies in Kraków, including centers serving IBM, General Electric, Motorola, and Sabre Holdings, along with British and German-based firms.
In recent history, Kraków has co-hosted various international sports competitions, including the 2016 European Men's Handball Championship, 2017 Men's European Volleyball Championship, 2021 Men's European Volleyball Championship and 2023 World Men's Handball Championship.
Earlier this summer I was kindly asked to contribute to an exciting project going in print for the 40th anniversary of the Toronto International Film Festival. Naturally, I was on board even though the angle was more on "where celebrities eat," a topic I know nothing about!
Challenge accepted. My only condition. The places named still have to be good.
This package was the result of that "research" (and more tabloid scouting, breadcrumb trail following of celebrities than I've done in total ever. I'll admit reading piles of research papers to elucidate a potential mechanism of pathology was WAY easier. Here - to understandably protect their clients', past and present, privacy, many original sources (aka restaurants, hotels and bars) couldn't confirm or deny the rumours. That's where Lainey Gossip and a few other celebrity worshipers filled in. Thank you internet.)
TIFF Festival Fare, TIFF Festival Style Magazine, September 2015, p. 128-137.
"Film and fashion have always gone hand-in-hand, each influencing and inspiring the other. On the occasion of the Toronto International Film Festival’s 40th anniversary, Festival Style explores the elements that make the Festival such a singular event."
These family photographs were taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Australia, primarily in Sydney and the Blue Mountains.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
The Cathedral City Hot Air Balloon Festival is a free public event. We request a small donation to help fund the event and to contribute to organizations volunteering. A suggested donation of $5.00 per adult will be collected at the entrance to the festival.
HOT AIR BALLOONS
Vividly colored, multi-storied hot air balloons will provide Tethered Balloon Rides on Saturday and Sunday mornings between 7:00-11:00 AM (weather dependent).
Some balloons with gondolas decorated with flower garlands and ribbon will provide a romantic and unique platform for couples wishing to become married and engaged 100’ in the air on February 14th Valentines morning.
HOT AIR BALLOON GLOW
Valentines evening, February 14th Twenty Hot Air Balloons will inflate after dark to illuminate like gigantic brightly colored light bulbs set to live music. Arrive early to check out other festival attractions, get a snack and find your spot for the Balloon Glow. Festival guests may bring a blanket and lawn chairs, however no outside food, beverages or ice chests may be brought into the festival.
FESTIVAL LOCATION
The Cathedral City Hot Air Balloon Festival will take place on the new Festival Lawn and Town Center area between the UltraMax and Mary Pickford theatres in Cathedral City along East Palm Canyon Drive / CA Hwy 111 west of Date Palm.
Casa Batlló (Catalan pronunciation: [ˈkazə βəˈʎːo]) is a renowned building located in the center of Barcelona and is one of Antoni Gaudí’s masterpieces. A remodel of a previously built house, it was redesigned in 1904 by Gaudí and has been refurbished several times after that. Gaudí's assistants Domènec Sugrañes i Gras, Josep Canaleta and Joan Rubió also contributed to the renovation project. The local name for the building is Casa dels ossos (House of Bones), as it has a visceral, skeletal organic quality.
Like everything Gaudí designed, it is only identifiable as Modernisme or Art Nouveau in the broadest sense. The ground floor, in particular, has unusual tracery, irregular oval windows and flowing sculpted stone work. There are few straight lines, and much of the façade is decorated with a colorful mosaic made of broken ceramic tiles (trencadís). The roof is arched and was likened to the back of a dragon or dinosaur. A common theory about the building is that the rounded feature to the left of centre, terminating at the top in a turret and cross, represents the lance of Saint George (patron saint of Catalonia, Gaudí's home), which has been plunged into the back of the dragon.
History
Initial construction (1877)
Antoni Gaudí in 1910
The building that is now Casa Batlló was built in 1877 by Antoni Gaudi, commissioned by Lluís Sala Sánchez. It was a classical building without remarkable characteristics within the eclecticism traditional by the end of the 19th century. The building had a basement, a ground floor, four other floors and a garden in the back.
Batlló family
The Batlló family
The house was bought by Josep Batlló in 1900. The design of the house made the home undesirable to buyers but the Batlló family decided to buy the place due to its centralized location. It is located in the middle of Passeig de Gracia, which in the early 20th century was known as a very prestigious and fashionable area. It was an area where the prestigious family could draw attention to themselves.
In 1906 Josep Batlló still owned the home. The Batlló family was very well known in Barcelona for its contribution to the textile industry in the city. Mr. Josep Batlló I Casanovas was a textile industrialist who owned a few factories in the city. Mr. Batlló married Amalia Godo Belaunzaran, from the family that founded the newspaper La Vanguardia. Josep wanted an architect that would design a house that was like no other and stood out as being audacious and creative. Both Josep and his wife were open to anything and they decided not to limit Gaudí. Josep did not want his house to resemble any of the houses of the rest of the Batlló family, such as Casa Pía, built by the Josep Vilaseca. He chose the architect who had designed Park Güell because he wanted him to come up with a risky plan. The family lived on the Noble Floor of Casa Batlló until the middle of the 1950s.
Renovation (1904-1906)
The atrium; Gaudí convinced Batlló to let him expand the central well of the building to let in light, instead of rebuilding.
In 1904 Josep Batlló hired Gaudí to design his home; at first his plans were to tear down the building and construct a completely new house. Gaudí convinced Josep that a renovation was sufficient and was also able to submit the planning application the same year. The building was completed and refurbished in 1906. He completely changed the main apartment which became the residence for the Batlló family. He expanded the central well in order to supply light to the whole building and also added new floors. In the same year the Barcelona City Council selected the house as a candidate for that year’s best building award. The award was given to another architect that year despite Gaudí’s design.
Refurbishments
Josep Batlló died in 1934 and the house was kept in order by the wife until her death in 1940 . After the death of the two parents the house was kept and managed by the children until 1954. In 1954 an insurance company named Seguros Iberia acquired Casa Batlló and set up offices there. In 1970, the first refurbishment occurred mainly in several of the interior rooms of the house. In 1983, the exterior balconies were restored to their original colour and a year later the exterior façade was illuminated in the ceremony of La Mercè.
Multiple uses
In 1993, the current owners of Casa Batlló bought the home and continued refurbishments throughout the whole building. Two years later, in 1995, Casa Batlló began to hire out its facilities for different events. More than 2,500 square meters of rooms within the building were rented out for many different functions. Due to the building's location and the beauty of the facilities being rented, the rooms of Casa Batlló were in very high demand and hosted many important events for the city.
Cholesterol (atheromatous) microemboli in the renal glomeruli are easy to miss (they are usually seen in the interlobular or arcuate arteries). They usually occur in multisystem disease and generally iatrogenic following intravascular diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.. The clinical presentation is diverse.
Images contributed by Dr. Carles Saus - @carles_saus
Photo contributed by the Estate of Dr. & Mrs. J.L. Beebe.
This is just one sample of the many items included in the time capsule placed at Dana Point Harbor during the harbor's "rock placing" (groundbreaking) in 1966. The capsule was opened during a special ceremony in Aug. 2016.
There are no known copyright restrictions on this image. All future uses of this photo should include the courtesy line, "Photo courtesy Orange County Archives."
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When used in commander mode (e.g., '--'), the popup flash will contribute to an exposure if the camera body is physically close to your subject or when shooting towards a reflective surface such as a mirror. To illustrate this behavior, I used a mirror to capture a self-portrait, where I am illuminated by two SB-600 speedlights as shown in the inset image.
You can clearly see the D80’s flash in the photo on the left, which is required to remotely trigger the SB-600’s. When the SG-3IR is in place, which essentially only passes IR light, the D80's popup flash does not register in the image.
You can purchase a SG-3IR from places like B&H for about $12.
This photograph was taken by Nicholson Museum curator William J Woodhouse in Greece between 1890 and 1935.
Can you help us catalogue the Woodhouse photographic archive? Contribute by adding tags and answering the following questions in the comments below:
•What do you see? Write a brief description for this image.
•Where was this photograph taken?
•Can you find the geo co-ordinates (latitude and longitude) of this exact place? Let us know by linking to the google maps or add the co-ordinates in your comment.
•Do you know what year this photograph was taken?
About the archive:
The Nicholson Museum holds over 1800 glass-plate negatives taken by Woodhouse while in Greece in 1890s and early 1900s. A small portion of the archive also includes photographs of his family in the Blue Mountains, NSW, Australia. The collection documents important archaeological sites, significant landscapes of the Greek mainland, contemporary buildings and the people he met along the way. His archive is a rich resource capturing many sites pre-archaeological excavation and before modern industrial development. Some of the photographs were published by Woodhouse in his book 'Aetolia: its geography, topography, and antiquities' published in 1897. His desire to capture Greece on 'film', was simply put in his introduction: "History only attains its full value by borrowing actuality from geography and topography". The archive shows his love not only for the sites but also for the people and spirit of Greece.
About the project:
We are asking you to contribute to our documentation of this collection and assist us with the identification of the hundreds of different monuments and places in Greece. The title of each photograph will include the museum registration number (NM2007.##.##) and may already include a place name where museum staff or Woodhouse himself have titled the image.
All of our flikr contributors will be acknowledged when the collection is published through our online collections at the completion of the project.
Malnutrition is a contributing factor to preventable maternal and infant mortality rates. In rural Zambia USAID programs in paternship with the Zambian government is helping equip villagers with the knowledge of proper nutrients. While simple, globably, education contributed to the nearly 50% reduction in infant and maternal deaths. since 2000.
Waterfront and docks Liverpool UK
As a major British port, the docks in Liverpool have historically been central to the city's development. Several major docking firsts have occurred in the city including the construction of the world's first enclosed wet dock (the Old Dock) in 1715 and the first ever hydraulic lifting cranes. The best-known dock in Liverpool is the Albert Dock, which was constructed in 1846 and today comprises the largest single collection of Grade I listed buildings anywhere in Britain.Built under the guidance of Jesse Hartley, it was considered to be one of the most advanced docks anywhere in the world upon completion and is often attributed with helping the city to become one of the most important ports in the world. The Albert Dock houses restaurants, bars, shops, two hotels as well as the Merseyside Maritime Museum, International Slavery Museum, Tate Liverpool and The Beatles Story. North of the city centre is Stanley Dock, home to the Stanley Dock Tobacco Warehouse, which was at the time of its construction in 1901, the world's largest building in terms of area and today stands as the world's largest brick-work building.
One of the most famous locations in Liverpool is the Pier Head, renowned for the trio of buildings – the Royal Liver Building, the Cunard Building and the Port of Liverpool Building – which sit upon it. Collectively referred to as the Three Graces, these buildings stand as a testament to the great wealth in the city during the late 19th and early 20th century. Built in a variety of architectural styles, they are recognised as being the symbol of Maritime Liverpool, and are regarded by many as contributing to one of the most impressive waterfronts in the world.
Bluecoat Chambers, the oldest building in Liverpool city centre
In recent years, several areas along Liverpool's waterfront have undergone significant redevelopment. Amongst the notable recent developments are the Museum of Liverpool, the construction of the Echo Arena Liverpool and BT Convention Centre on Kings Dock, Alexandra Tower and 1 Princes Dock on Prince's Dock and Liverpool Marina around Coburg and Brunswick Docks. The Wheel of Liverpool opened on 25 March 2010.