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With health, light, hope, love, joy, smile, courage, more prosperity and less poverty may fill the notes of 2015. Happy New Year to everyone. Thank you for your presence in my photostream !!! ♥♥♥
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Με υγεία , φώς, ελπίδα, αγάπη, χαρά , χαμόγελο, τόλμη, περισσότερη ευημερία , λιγότερη φτώχεια να γεμίσουν οι νότες του 2015. Καλή Χρονιά σε όλους μας. Σας ευχαριστώ για την παρουσία σας !!! ♥♥♥
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Con salud ,luz, esperanza, amor, alegría, sonrisa, valor, más prosperidad y menos pobreza puede llenar las notas de 2015. Feliz Año Nuevo a todos. Gracias por tu presencia en mi photostream !!! ♥♥♥
ولد الرازي بمدينة الري (قرب طهران)، واشتغل في أول حياته بالكيمياء سعيا وراء سر تحويل المعادن إلي ذهب وفضة؛ قبل أن يولع بدراسة الطب. وقد عمل بالطب لأكثر من خمسين عاما حتى لقب بأبي الطب العربي. وألف الرازي عدد كبير من الكتب والرسائل في الكيمياء التي عرفها عن طريق ممارسته للطب؛ إذ لابد للطبيب البارع أن يحضر الأدوية والعقاقير والمراهم وغيرها من المركبات عن طريق التجارب المعملية، فيكون عارفا بطرق تحضيرها التي تبقى سرا من أسرار الطبيب. وعرف الرازي كثيرا من العمليات الكيميائية وأدواتها وأجهزتها الخاصة بها، كما قام بتحضير الأحماض مثل الكحل والمواد النشوية والسكرية المتميزة، واشتغل بصناعة الأدوية. وقسم المواد الكيميائية إلى أربعة أقسام هي: المعدن والنبات والحيوان والمواد المشتقة. وتعلم إلى جانب كل ذلك الموسيقى والفلسفة والرياضيات، وترجمت أغلب كتب الرازي إلى اللاتينية.
ويعرف الرازي في هذا المخطوط بالأدوات المستخدمة في العمليات الكيميائية، ويحدد كل آداة والعملية المستخدمة فيها ويبلغ عددها (16 أداة) ومن تلك الأدوات القرع الذي يكون كبيرا وغليظا وبدون نتوء في أسفله أو انتفاخ في نهايته. ومنها أيضا الأنبيق ذو الخطم؛ وهو إناء زجاجي علوي يوضع فيه السائل المراد تقطيره
Al-Rāzī was born in the city of Rī (Near Ṭahrān). Early in his career he engaged in chemistry, with the goal of transforming base metals into gold and silver; and that was before he grew fond of medicine. Thus he came to practice medicine for some 50 years; which earned him the title of “Father of Arabic Medicine”. In addition to that, he wrote a great number of books and articles on the aspects of chemistry; as related to medications. He also defined many chemical processes and described the equipment and tools used in each. According to al-Rāzī, Chemical substances are of four kinds; mineral, plant, animal and artificial (derivatives). al-Rāzī, moreover went beyond chemistry and medicine; learning music, philosophy and mathematics. Most of al-Rāzī’s works were translated into Latin.
In this Manuscript, al-Rāzī introduces the equipment and tools (16 in number) used in chemical processes; specifying the one(s) required for each specific process.
A lavishly illustrated book "Colour from Britain" that appears to have been issued for circulation in the Indian market. It describes India's place in dyestuff history, the current use of dyes and the British company's market on the sub-continent. The book also describes in some details of the Dyestuffs Division's works and production processes based at the three main sites of Blackley in Manchester, Huddersfield and Grangemouth in Scotland.
There are many fine colour plates and these are by Gordon Nicholl R.I., F.R.S.A. The book is printed at ICI's own in-house printers and publishers, the acclaimed Kynoch Press in Birmingham. These two plates show the works in Grangemouth, Scotland, and Huddersfield, West Yorkshire.
The former plant has its origins in the Scottish Dyes Ltd, formed in 19115 by Sir James Morton (1867-1943) of the textile dyeing trade. He later went on to form the Morton Sundour concern. ICI acquired the profitable and innovative Scottish Dyes through a majority shareholding bought by BDC in 1926 and outright control in 1928. Grangemouth went on to be an important plant for the company. This large plant had it's origins in the local dyestuffs company of Read Holliday & Sons who, in 1916 formed part of the government backed British Dyestuffs Ltd. that in 1919, with Levinsteins of Manchester, became the British Dyestuffs Corporation in an attempt to ensure that pre-war German dominance of the dyestuffs industry was countered. In 1926 BDC was one of the companies merged to form ICI and they incresingly developed the site of the new works at Dalton.
A lavishly illustrated book "Colour from Britain" that appears to have been issued for circulation in the Indian market. It describes India's place in dyestuff history, the current use of dyes and the British company's market on the sub-continent. The book also describes in some details of the Dyestuffs Division's works and production processes based at the three main sites of Blackley in Manchester, Huddersfield and Grangemouth in Scotland.
There are many fine colour plates and these are by Gordon Nicholl R.I., F.R.S.A. The book is printed at ICI's own in-house printers and publishers, the acclaimed Kynoch Press in Birmingham.
The title page includes this frontispiece "a general view of Huddersfield Works". This large plant had it's origins in the local dyestuffs company of Read Holliday & Sons who, in 1916 formed part of the government backed British Dyestuffs Ltd. that in 1919, with Levinsteins of Manchester, became the British Dyestuffs Corporation in an attempt to ensure that pre-war German dominance of the dyestuffs industry was countered. In 1926 BDC was one of the companies merged to form ICI and they incresingly developed the site of the new works at Dalton.
A lavishly illustrated book "Colour from Britain" that appears to have been issued for circulation in the Indian market. It describes India's place in dyestuff history, the current use of dyes and the British company's market on the sub-continent. The book also describes in some details of the Dyestuffs Division's works and production processes based at the three main sites of Blackley in Manchester, Huddersfield and Grangemouth in Scotland.
There are many fine colour plates and these are by Gordon Nicholl R.I., F.R.S.A. The book is printed at ICI's own in-house printers and publishers, the acclaimed Kynoch Press in Birmingham. These two plate show the manufacturing of the "Monastral Blue", one of ICI's then relatively new colours that had useful fastness to light and resistance to exposure as well as the manufactuing of formaldehyde, one of the base materials.
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