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This is the reverse of the before shown page. It indicates when the experiment should be conducted.
The annotations were done during the flight.
Due to some changes in the mission not all oberservation were made.
The Gemini 5 mission report describes the results of the experiment as follows:
"8.15.1 Objective
The first objective of experiment S-8/D-13 was to measure the visual acuity of the flight crew members before, during, and after long-duration space flights in order to ascertain the effects of a prolonged spacecraft environment. The second objective was to test the use of basic visual-acuity data combined with measured optical properties of ground objects and their natural lighting, the atmos- phere, and the spacecraft window to predict the limiting naked-eye visual capability of the flight crew to discriminate small objects on the surface of the earth in daylight.
8.15.2 Equipment
The experimental equipment consisted of an in-flight vision tester for testing visual acuity, an in-flight photometer to monitor the space- craft window s and test patterns at two ground observation sites.
8.15.2.1 In-flight vision tester.- The in-flight vision tester was a small, self-contained binocular optical device containing a transilluminated array of 96 high-contrast and low-contrast rectangles, half of which were oriented vertically in the field of view while the remainder were horizontal. Rectangle size, contrast, and orientation were randomized; the presentation was sequential, and the sequences were non-repetitive. Each rectangle was viewed singly at the center of a 10° adapting field the apparent luminance of which was approximately i00 foot-lamberts. Both members of the flight crew made forced- choice judgments of the orientation of each rectangle and indicated
their responses by punching holes in a record card. Optical alinement was accomplished by means of a bite-board equipped with the flight crew member's dental impression. Electrical power for illumination within the illumination was derived from the spacecraft.
8.15.2.2 In-flight photometer.- A photoelectric photometer was mounted near the lower right corner of the right hatch window to measure the amount of ambient light scattered by the window into the path of sight at the moment when observations of the ground test patterns were to be made. The photometer had a narrow (1.2°) circular field of view into the opening of a small black cavity a few inches away from the outside of the right hatch window. The photometric scale was linear and extended from 60 to 9000 foot-lamberts. Since the apparent luminance of the black cavity was always less than 60 foot-lamberts, any reading of the photometer was ascribable to ambient light scattered by the window. This information combined with data on the beam transmittance of the window and on the apparent luminance of the background squares in the ground array, enabled the contrast transmittance of the window at the moment of observation to be calculated.
8.15.2.3 Ground observation sites.- Ground observation sites were provided on the Gates Ranch 40 miles north of Laredo, Texas, and the Woodleigh Ranch 90 miles south of Carnarvon, Australia. At the Texas site, twelve 2000 by 2000 feet squares of plowed, graded, and raked soil were arranged in a 4 by 3 matrix. White rectangles of styrofoam-coated wallboard were laid out in each square. Their length decreased in a uniform logarithmic progression from 610 feet in the northwest corner (square number 1) to 152 feet in the southwest corner (square number 12) of the array. Each of the 12 rectangles was oriented in 1 of 4 positions (i.e., north-south, east-west, or diagonal) and the orientations were random, within the series of 12. Advance knowledge of the rectangle orientations were withheld from the flight crew since their task was to report the orientations. Provision was made for changing the rec- tangle orientations between passes and for adjusting their size in accordance with anticipated slant range, solar elevation, and the visual performance of the flight crew on preceding passes.
8.15.3 Procedure
Both of the flight crew members completed five or more preflight sessions in a laboratory training van during which they became experienced in psychophysical techniques and established physiological base- lines descriptive of their individual visual performance. The statistical fluctuations in that perfomance were established, providing a means by which the ground pattern observations could be interpreted.
8.15.4 Results
In-flight vision tests were to be performed once each once by each crew member. Ground observations were to be made by the pilot with the command pilot orienting the spacecraft as prescribed in the flight plan. The results of these tests, together with preflight and postflight test results, are shown in figure 8.15-1. Unfavorable cloud conditions caused some scheduled observations of the ground markings to be deleted. In the latter part of the mission, lack of thruster control made observation of the ground patterns impossible.
Quantitative observation of ground marking was achieved only once. This occurred at the ground observation site near Laredo, Texas, during revolution 48. Despite the fleeting nature of the observation, there exists a reasonable probability that the pilot correctly discriminated the rectangles in the sixth and seventh squares. Since forced-choice responses to squares 8 through 12 were not given, presumably due to lack of viewing time, it can only be inferred that the threshold lay at square 6 or higher. Tentative values of the apparent contrast and angular size of the sixth and seventh rectangles at the Laredo site at the time of the observation are plotted in figure 8.15-2. The solid line in the illustration represents the preflight visual performance of the pilot as measured in the training van and the dashed lines represent the and 2-siena limits of his visual performance. The positions of the plotted points indicate that his visual performance at the time of revolution 45 was within the statistical range of his preflight visual performance.
8.15.5 Conclusions
Experiment S-8/D.-13 appears to have achieved successfully both of its stated objectives. Data from the in-flight vision tester is complete and of high quality_ preliminary evaluation indicates that the visual performance of the astronauts was not degraded during the 8-day mission. Results from observation of the ground site near Laredo Texas appear to confirm that the visual performance of the pilot during space flight was within the statistical range of his preflight visual performance and that laboratory visual acuity data can be combined with environmental optical data to predict correctly the limiting visual capability of astronauts to discriminate small objects on the surface of the earth in daylight."
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Things to carry for your trek to Dzongri La Trekking by Trip 360. And enjoy the gorgeous views of snow-capped peaks like Kanchenjunga, Kokthang, Rathong and Black Kaburon with Dzongri La trekking tours by Trip360. Choose an adventure trip and book a tour package online today!
For more info visits www.trip360.com/trekking
Ten of the 13 members of Bon Appétit’s famed Examination Kitchen will no for a longer time look in videos for the food magazine. The staffers consist of Claire Saffitz, Christina Chaey, Alex Delany, Rick Martinez, Sohla El-Waylly, Priya Krishna, Gaby Melian, Molly Baz, Carla Lalli Tunes, and Amiel Stanek. Former and recent workers of […]
wilkinsonknaggs.com/2020/10/26/checklist-of-bon-appetit-t...
Portugal 28-04-2022
ebird.org/checklist/S108265609
[order] Falconiformes | [family] Accipitridae | [latin] Elanus caeruleus | [UK] Black-winged Kite | [FR] Élanion blanc | [DE] Gleitaar | [ES] Elanio Común | [IT] Nibbio bianco | [NL] Grijze Wouw
spanwidth min.: 71 cm
spanwidth max.: 85 cm
size min.: 31 cm
size max.: 36 cm
Breeding
incubation min.: 25 days
incubation max.: 28 days
fledging min.: 30 days
fledging max.: 35 days
broods 1
eggs min.: 2
eggs max.: 4
Physical characteristics
Much smaller than other kites; similar in length to Kestrel but stouter. Owl-faced, large-headed raptor, with mostly pale plumage and comparatively broad wings. It recalls small, short-tailed male harrier rather than kite. In adult, contrast of black shoulders and underside of primaries with otherwise grey or white plumage unique in west Palearctic raptors. Juvenile has buff foreparts and dark brown mantle, with feathers there and over forewing obviously fringed pale brown or white.
Habitat
This is a bird of open country wherever it occurs, but it can be seen in all habitat types from moderately dense savannah to open semi-desert, or even deserts, at altitudes from 0-9,000 feet. It roosts in trees and is on the wing early in the morning. Having taken to the wing, it spends most of each day perched on a series of perches, which may be telegraph posts or wires, dead tree stumps, or sometimes rocks where trees are scarce. When not perched it flies at a height of 50-200 feet over the grasslands, hovering at intervals, and circling into the wind in the manner of a kestrel. Its mode of maintaining position during a hover is unlike that of a kestrel, however. When flying from place to place it flies directly, with measured beats of its rather pointed wings, much slower than those of small falcons. When perched it often raises and lowers the tail; this action is probably a form of display.
Other details
Elanus caeruleus is resident in Iberia and south-west France, with Europe accounting for a tiny proportion of its global range. Its European breeding population is very small (as few as 810 pairs), but increased substantially between 1970-1990, and continued to increase-albeit at a slower rate-during 1990-2000. Nevertheless, its population size still renders it susceptible to the risks affecting small populations.
This species has a fragmented distribution covering most of Africa except the Sahara, south-eastern Asia, parts of Indonesia and Australia. In south-western Europe it inhabits open habitats with scattered trees. For a long time it was restricted to the Iberian Peninsula, but during the last two decades it has extended its distribution to south-western France. About 1300 breeding pairs occur currently in the European Union
Feeding
The mainstay of the Black-shouldered Kite's diet is mammals up to the size of a small rat. There are taken in grasslands. A few small ground birds such as larks and pipits, and large insects, especially grasshoppers and locusts also feature on occasions. On the Arabian coast the staple diet is dead fish and offal, varied with lizards, no doubt because of shortage of other food. Most food is taken on the ground, but some insects are caught in the air.
Conservation
This species has a large range, with an estimated global Extent of Occurrence of 10,000,000 km2. It has a large global population estimated to be 1,000,000-10,000,000 individuals (Ferguson-Lees et al. 2001). Global population trends have not been quantified, but populations appear to be stable (Ferguson-Lees et al. 2001) so the species is not believed to approach the thresholds for the population decline criterion of the IUCN Red List (i.e. declining more than 30% in ten years or three generations). For these reasons, the species is evaluated as Least Concern. [conservation status from birdlife.org]
Breeding
The nest is built by the birds themselves, and a new one is built every year, though the same area, or even the same tree may be used. It is a small, light structure of thin twigs, flat and loosely made, not more than twelve inches across by three inches deep. It could be at any height from five to 60 feet above ground, and is usually in a large tree standing in open ground, often a thorny one. In South Africa they seem to prefer the tops of fir trees, and when there are no trees available, like in the desert islands of the Arabian Coast, they will breed on rock ledges. Both sexes build, breaking off twigs from trees and bringing them to the site in the beak. The male brings most of the material which is then worked into the nest by the female. Three to five eggs are laid at intervals of two to three days. In temperate regions the eggs are laid in spring, but in tropical regions the breeding season is elastic and may even extend into wet periods.
The female carries out most, if not all of the incubation. She is fed on or near the nest by the male during the incubation period. Both birds are likely to be aggressive if the nest is disturbed during this period, and they vigorously attack other raptors and crows passing near by. The incubation period is about 26 days (25-28). The eggs hatch at two to three day intervals, so a brood of four will take a week or more to hatch;. Although this results in wide variation in the size of the chicks, the older chicks are not usually aggressive to the younger, and all are sometimes reared. This is one of the rare predators with a possible second brood.
The feathers appear through the down at about twelve to fourteen days, and the young are fully feathered by 21 days. They are ready to fly at 30 to 35 days. In exceptional conditions on the Arabian Coast the fledging period exceeds 40 days, probably due to lack of food. The young return to the nest at intervals after their first flight, and are fed by their parents away from the nest. ln the early fledging period the male brings all the prey and the female remains at or on the nest, tending the young. Later the female takes the major part in killing for the brood, but the male remains for long periods near the nest and takes some share. The female alone feeds the young, the male only bringing prey to the nest. She continues to feed them until they are feathered, at about twenty days, but thereafter drops prey on the nest and leaves them to tear it up. With a large brood, of three or four, she feeds all the young and does not favour the largest.
Migration
Mainly resident, at least in west Palearctic, but in tropics subject to erratic movements which may occasionally be on large scale in search of conditions supporting abundant prey. Evidence from India of periodic fluctuations, possibly eruptive, numbers sometimes appearing in areas where previously scarce or absent, then virtually disappearing again after a year or two. In tropical Africa, seasonal movements reported in west, but in East Africa somewhat nomadic, numbers in any one area fluctuating according to relative abundance of rodent and insect prey, often travels long distances, and even crosses equator.
I do not know when Marshall Square shopping plaza was developed and built, but its mansard-roofed sign and "downhome"-style logo are 1970s-looking, right? Or maybe the early 1980s, this being a small town where design trends tend to arrive late.
The placement of the signs' two support poles, close together and off to one side, has been mildly discomfiting people for decades.
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In Coldwater, Michigan, on April 21st, 2024, at Marhall Square on the west side of Marshall Street, north of Circle Drive.
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Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names terms:
• Branch (county) (1002195)
• Coldwater (7013632)
Art & Architecture Thesaurus terms:
• beauty shops (300005253)
• black (color) (300130920)
• freestanding (300078766)
• logotypes (300224774)
• mansard roofs (300002155)
• roadsides (300003889)
• shop signs (300211862)
• shopping plazas (300161281)
• urban blight (300163405)
Wikidata items:
• 21 April 2024 (Q69307145)
• April 21 (Q2525)
• April 2024 (Q61313056)
• Sherwin-Williams (Q48881)
• Southern Michigan (Q7570136)
• strip mall (Q7624088)
• Treaty of Chicago (1821) (Q928799)
Library of Congress Subject Headings:
• Business names (sh85018315)
Introduction: Real time checklists, adopted from high reliability industries, have been used in many healthcare settings to assure that key care deliverables and processes are applied consistently. The purpose of this quality improvement initiative is to describe the development and implementation of a daily rounding critical cardiac care checklist and assess its impact on increasing compliance with guideline-recommended cardiac performance measures.
Sorry for the blurriness.. just a list of things like utensils and dishes provided to help sort things out when they come to pick everything up the next day.
‘The Political Reporter’ is a new media installation by Boone, NC-based artist Mark Nystrom that generates random, but intriguing statements with words found on political websites and in the media. Sources include the Obama and Romney presidential campaigns, the Democratic and Republican parties, bloggers and the news media.
‘The Political Reporter’ animates a cloud of letters and periodically makes statements. These images are screen grabs taken while ‘The Political Reporter’ was running on Election Day and the day after.
Letters from words gathered from conservative sources are colored red and ones from liberal sources are blue. ‘The Political Reporter’s’ vocabulary includes over 70,000 words, but only 300 appear on the screen at any given time. As words are used to make statements, they are replaced by randomly chosen new ones from the list of 70,000.