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Even if you do not own an iPhone you know that they are capable of a lot without really much effort. Whether you are a current iPhone owner or a person who is thinking about getting one, you will find some exceptional ideas and advice below for maximum enjoyment of all it has to offer.
Did you know that rice can be used to dry your iPhone if it gets wet? It is common to drop the phone in a water puddle, the toilet or something wet. Towel dry your phone and put it in a baggie filled with rice. Then dry it out overnight, or at the bare minimum for numerous hours.
A protective screen is a beneficial investment for your iPhone. Your phone will definitely fall victim to nicks and scratches if you have not purchased a screen protector for it. Just a tiny speck of dirt can scratch the screen. It is in your best interest to always use a screen protector.
Are you fed up by all the notifications you get on your iPhone? Below is an idea on the best ways to turn them off. Click on settings and tap notifications. Then check out which apps are listed inside of your "Notifications Center", and pick which ones you would like to keep or get rid of. Better still, getting rid of these unwanted notifications can also extend the battery life of your device.
Lots of iPhone users will spent a lot of time surfing the web and reading mail, but they do not know the best ways to save the graphics they find or are sent. All you have to do is touch the graphic you 'd like to save, and hold on for a few seconds. Soon, a box will pop up with the option to save the graphic you've touched.
You can use your headphone cord to take a photo. Simply line up your subject within the frame. When you are ready to snap the picture, simply push the button. Doing this will take a picture. Use your regular picture saving steps to add the picture to your cam roll.
There are lots of multimedia capabilities available to your iPhone. You can use your iPhone download TV series episodes, motion pictures, comical clips or anything else you desire.
Are you not so sure you intend to send that iMessage after all? Has your meaning been messed up by Automobile Correct again? There is a really easy way to take care of the damage: simply beverage your iPhone swiftly. Any kind of recent typing is instantly eliminated. Go to the Settings menu to make certain this function is enabled.
There is no need to tap the 'X' button to waive the iPhone's suggestions. This makes it much easier and more efficient to use your phone to send emails or texts. All you need to do is simply tap on the screen anywhere and the box goes away.
If you need to do some quick math, but not in your head, use the calculator in your iPhone. When the phone is in a vertical position, the calculator is a standard one, but when the phone is held horizontally, a scientific calculator appears.
It may not be a good idea to use Siri. Apple makes note of these recordings and puts them on their internal server. While this does assist the speech recognition function, you must know that you might not have total privacy when doing this.
Lots of people do not know that they can make their iPhone visually show their incoming messages and calls. The LED cam can blink when you have something coming in, silently but noticeably. Just access the settings menu, then to "general" and next to "availability." Turn on "LED Flash for Alerts.".
Did you know that you can actually take a screenshot using your iPhone? Once you are ready to take the screenshot, first hold the home button down, then tap the sleep button as well. If you see that your screen has turned white, you have successfully taken a screenshot.
You must also think about options with an app specifically for managing your battery. There are a few available that can inform you of when you use too much power and how you can reduce it to save battery life. Lots of will also inform you when you must calibrate, so you are always getting accurate readings.
To type with greater efficiency, establish shortcuts on the iPhone. Simply go to "Settings," check under the "General" tab, navigate your way to the "Keyboard," and from there you can pick the "Add New Shortcut" option. Put in acronyms or abbreviations to phrases and words you use. When you start typing a word that's been programmed, your phone will automatically fill it in for you.
Attach with all your friends through social media on the iPhone. The iPhone lets you update all your family and friends about your life using these preferred social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter. Also, you can check out the buzz with your friends during the day with updates and news feeds.
One of the best ways to communicate with others by means of your iPhone is the FaceTime feature. This application lets users actually see their conversation partner. If you 'd like to use it, all you have to do is access your contacts, and select the FaceTime button. Press down on it and you can both hear and see the person.
Do not allow your iPhone to set in the sun for extended amount of times. If the phone is placed in sunlight for a long time, it can be completely ruined. Internal components are created to sustain normal temperatures, so direct exposure to sunlight can be harmful.
If you have numerous email accounts that you intend to check from your iPhone, give each email account a different name. You might become confused if each one of your accounts are named similarly. So to separate each account and make it basic to find what you're trying to find; give each account a special name.
With the information you have read, you have probably learned a bit about the phone, at least more than you knew before. If so, use all this information to maximize your phone's use, or make a decision whether this is the ideal phone for you.
Did you know that rice can be used to dry your iPhone if it gets wet? Lots of iPhone users will spent a lot of time surfing the web and reading mail, but they do not know how to save the graphics they find or are sent. Lots of people do not know that they can make their iPhone visually show their incoming messages and calls. Did you know that you can actually take a screenshot using your iPhone? The iPhone lets you update all your family and friends about your life using these preferred social media outlets like Facebook and Twitter. c2creviewer.blogspot.ch/2012/09/espionnez-un-iphone-sans-...
I'm hoping with these 2 actuators to build a small, simple X-Y table capable of high precision, at least as high as I'm likely to get in an apartment with ~$100-$200 in parts. An X-Y table is used to position a part, or a piece of some material under some kind of instrumentation. This can be a pen, drill, engraving tool, chemical dropper, whatever. For me, I'll most likely try to get a simple pen mechanism working, as it's simplest, safest, and has the built-in ability to draw right out for you on paper how well it's working. Then I'll move onto the metal cutting Nd:YAG laser :)
The X-Y table rides left and right via one actuator, and forward and backward via another. By combining their motions programmatically, you can move the table at any angle, and by moving through angles you can create curves. If you've ever watched an engraving tool in a mall kiosk moving a part around under a drill, you've seen an X-Y table. The alternative is to have the table sit still, and move a sled around above that carries the drill (or whatever tool you need). Some X-Y tables leave up-and-down motion to the tool, so for example the drill can lift up while the table moves elsewhere, and then the drill lowers back down to start engraving again. Some tables themselves can move up and down as well as left, right, forward, and backward, and in these cases, the tool stays locked in place always. I'm 95% sure I'll have the tool move up and down, but I'm not sure what I'll use for that part yet. Another one of these actuators would be a bit of overkill, although I could get extremely precise heights for things like 3D relief carvings.
SMAM is capable of precisely targeting and defeating hard and soft targets at extended ranges and can be integrated on a range of Army ground vehicle and aviation platforms as well as maritime platforms. (Images courtesy of the authors)
These buildings are capable of housing a few hundred people. Families still live in these buildings today. The Hakka or Kejia people built these fascinating dwellings, in Fujian province, to protect themselves against intruders. Today there are 20,000 of these buildings still in existence.
Meade was a capable commander respected by his fellow officers, but his short temper was not well liked by his men and he disliked meddling reporters, who in turn vilified him in the press. He had the misfortune of having the unflattering sobriquet of a "damned old goggle-eyed snapping turtle" bestowed on him by some of his men. Yet he led the Army of the Potomac to victory at Gettysburg, and remained as its commander until the end of the war almost two years later.
CDV by the Philadelphia Photographic Company.
The Chance Vought F4U Corsair was a carrier-capable fighter aircraft that saw service primarily in World War II and the Korean War. Goodyear-built Corsairs were designated FG and Brewster-built aircraft F3A. The Corsair served in smaller air forces until the 1960s, following the longest production run of any piston-engined fighter in U.S. history (1942–1952).[1][2] Some Japanese pilots regarded it as the most formidable American fighter of World War II.[3] The U.S. Navy counted an 11:1 kill ratio with the F4U Corsair.[4]
Corsairs served with the U.S. Navy, U.S. Marines, Fleet Air Arm and the Royal New Zealand Air Force, as well the French Navy Aeronavale and other services postwar. It quickly became the most capable carrier-based fighter-bomber of World War II. Demand for the aircraft soon overwhelmed Vought's manufacturing capability, resulting in production by Goodyear (as the FG-1) and Brewster (as the F3A-1). From the first prototype delivery to the U.S. Navy in 1940, to final delivery in 1953 to the French, 12,571 F4U Corsairs were manufactured by Vought,[5] in 16 separate models.[6][7]
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engined attack helicopter that was developed on behalf of, and primarily operated by, the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The twin Cobra family, itself part of the larger Huey family, includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra. The Super Cobra was derived from the single-engine AH-1 Cobra, which had been developed during the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army. The USMC had quickly taken an interest in the type but sought a twin-engine arrangement for greater operational safety at sea, along with more capable armaments. While initially opposed by the Department of Defense, who were keen to promote commonality across the services, in May 1968, an order for an initial 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras was issued to Bell. The type entered service during the final months of the US's involvement in the Vietnam War, seeing limited action in the theatre as a result.
The USMC promptly sought greater payload capacity than that provided by the original Sea Cobra; thus the AH-1T, equipped with the dynamic systems of the Model 309 and a lengthened fuselage, was produced by Bell during the 1970s. In the following decade, in response to the denial of funding to procure the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the USMC opted to procure a more capable variant of the AH-1T; equipped with revised fire control systems compatible with new munitions, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile, the new model, designated AH-1W, commenced delivery in 1986.
In the early 1980s, the Marine Corps sought a new navalized helicopter. Accordingly, it evaluated the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter as first choice over a two-week period in September 1981, which included shipboard operation tests. Furthermore, various concepts were studied at this time. However, the service's request for funding to purchase the AH-64 was denied by Congress that same year. As an alternative option, the Marines procured a more powerful version of the AH-1T. Other changes included modified fire control systems to carry and fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. The new version, which was funded by Congress, received the AH-1W designation. During March 1986, deliveries of the AH-1W SuperCobra commenced, eventually totaling 179 new-built helicopters along with the upgrading of 43 existing AH-1Ts.
This development also fell into the period when Great Britain was looking for a potential attack helicopter for the British Army, and Western Germany was - together with France - about to mutually develop a new attack helicopter that would in Germany replace the PAH-1, the light Bo 105 helicopter armed with six HOT anti-tank missiles. In 1984, the French and West German governments had issued a requirement for an advanced antitank helicopter, with one variant desired by the French dedicated to the escort and antihelicopter role. As originally planned, both countries would procure a total of 427 helicopters called “Tiger”. The West Germans planned on acquiring 212 models of the anti-tank variant named PAH-2 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber or "Anti-tank helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1992. The French wanted 75 HAPs (Hélicoptère d'Appui Protection or "Support and Escort Helicopter") and 140 HACs (Hélicoptère Anti Char or "Anti-Tank Helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1991 and 1995, respectively. In the meantime, the USA also offered both the AH-1 as well as the more modern AH-64 as alternatives.
Development of the Tiger started during the Cold War, and it was initially intended as a pure anti-tank helicopter platform to be used against a Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe. A joint venture, consisting of Aérospatiale and MBB, was subsequently chosen as the preferred supplier, but in 1986 the development program was already canceled again due to spiraling costs: it had been officially calculated that supplying the German forces with an equivalent number of US-produced McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache attack helicopters would have been a considerably cheaper alternative to proceeding with the Tiger’s development, which became a more and more complex project because the helicopter would have to be able to fulfill more roles, and the duty profiles of Germany and France became significantly different. According to statements by the French Defence Minister André Giraud in April 1986, the collaborative effort had become more expensive than an individual national program and was also forecast to take longer to complete.
This opened the door for American proposals even wider, and beyond the state-of-the-art AH-64 Bell proposed a further upgraded two-engine AH-1W. Bell had been working as a private initiative with both the AH-1T+ demonstrator and the AH-1W prototype, and developed a new experimental hingeless rotor system with four composite blades, designed to withstand up to 23 mm rounds and thus greatly improving battlefield survivability. This new main rotor was manually foldable, reduced vibrations and allowed the engine power to be increased, thus greatly improving the SuperCobra’s performance and load capabilities. The twin engine’s power had until then been restricted, but in the AH-1-4BW the power was liberated to full 1,800 shp (1,342 kW), with a reinforced gearbox that could even cope with 2.400 shp. Top speed climbed by 23 mph/37 km/h, rate of climb improved, and the load capability was raised by 1.000 lb (450 kg). The AH-1-4BW was now able to fly a full looping, something the AH-1 had not been able to do before. However, empty weight of this demonstrator helicopter climbed to 12,189 lb (5,534 kg) and the maximum TOW to 18,492 lb (8.391 kg).
Other changes included a different position for the stabilizers further aft, closer to the tail rotor, which furthermore received small end plates to improve directional stability. The modified AH-1W prototype was aptly re-designated “AH-1-4BW” (4BW standing for “4-blade whiskey”), and there were plans to upgrade the type even further with a fully digitalized cockpit to meet contemporary requirements, e.g. for the British Army.
The West-German Bundesluftwaffe’s interest in the “outdated” AH-1 was initially only lukewarm, but when Bell offered to lend the AH-1-4BW prototype for evaluations and as a development mule for the eventual integration of the European HOT missile and indigenous sensors and avionics, a mutual agreement was signed in late 1987 to have the AH-1-4BW tested by the Luftwaffe in the environment where the type would be operated.
The AH-1-4BW prototype (s/n 166 022) was delivered to Manching in Southern Germany in summer 1988 on board of a C-5 Galaxy. It was operated by the Luftwaffe’s Wehrtechnische Dienststelle (WTD, Technical and Airworthiness Center for Aircraft) 61 for two years and successfully made several tests. This program was divided into three “Phases”. “Phase I” included focused on flight characteristics, tactical operations, and mock air-to-air combat against Luftwaffe CH-53s which acted as Mi-24 aggressors. Upon program start the AH-1-4BW received German markings, the registration 98+11, and a new, subdued paint scheme in Luftwaffe colors instead of the original USMC scheme in an overall medium green.
In “Phase I” the AH-1-4BW retained its American weapon systems, as the flight testing did not involve weapon deployment or integration. Instead, dummies or target designators were carried. After these initial tests that lasted almost a year Bell agreed to let the WTD 61 modify the AH-1-4BW further with European avionics to deploy the HOT 3 anti-tank missile, which would be the helicopter’s primal weapon in the German Heeresflieger’s service, since Germany did at that time neither use the similar American TOW nor the more sophisticated AGM-114 Hellfire, even though the German PARS 3 LR missile (also known as TRIGAT-LR: Third Generation AntiTank, Long Range) was already under development since 1988. This upgrade and test program section received the designation “Phase II”. Outwardly, the newly modified AH-1 was recognizable through a different sensor turret in the nose and a modified HOT missile sight for the gunner in the front seat.
In late 1989 the helicopter underwent another modification by WTD 61, which was to test equipment already intended for the PAH-2. Under the trials’ final “Phase III” the AH-1-4BW received a globular fairing on a mast on top of the main rotor, to test the tactical value of observing, identifying, and selecting targets while the helicopter would remain in cover. This sensor mast combined a panoramic IR camera with a targeting sight for anti-tank missiles and the gun turret, and it functionally replaced the standard chin sensor turret (which was brought back to AH-1W standard). Another novel feature was a streamlined, sugar scope-shaped exhaust diffusor with two chambers which guided hot gases upwards into the main rotor’s downwash, as an alternative to the original diffusors which only mixed cold ambient air with the hot efflux. It turned out to be very effective and was subsequently adapted for the Tiger. Other changes included a new hingeless three-blade tail rotor that was supposed to reduce operational noise and frequency issues with the new 4-blade main rotor, and the endplate stabilizers were enlarged to compensate for the huge “eyeball” on top of the main rotor which significantly changed the AH-1’s flight characteristics, especially at high speed.
Further tests of the Phase III SuperCobra lasted until summer 1990 and provided both Bell as well as the Luftwaffe with valuable benchmark data for further weapon system developments. When the lease contract ended in 1991, the AH-1-4BW was sent back to the United States. In the meantime, though, the political situation had changed dramatically. The USSR had ceased to exist, so that the Cold War threat especially in Europe had ended almost overnight after the Aérospatiale/MBB joint venture, now officially called Eurocopter, had signed an agreement in 1989 which financially secured the majority of the Tiger’s pending development through to serial production, including arrangements for two assembly lines to be built at Aerospatiale's Marignane plant and MBB's Donauwörth facility. This eventually saved the Tiger and in 1991 it had become clear that no American attack helicopter would be bought by either Germany or France. Great Britain as another potential European customer also declined the AH-1 and eventually procured the more modern AH-64 in the form of the license-built AgustaWestland Apache.
In 1992, the Eurocopter Group was officially established, and the Tiger moved closer to the hardware stage; this led to considerable consolidation of the aerospace industry and the Tiger project itself. A major agreement was struck in December 1996 between France and Germany that cemented the Tiger's prospects and committed the development of supporting elements, such as a series of new generation missile designs for use by the new helicopter. National political issues continued to affect the prospects of the Tiger, however. A proposed sale of up to 145 Tigers to Turkey proved a source of controversy; Turkey selected the Tiger as the preferred option, but conflicting attitudes between Eurocopter, France and Germany regarding military exports led to Turkey withdrawing its interest. Eventually, Turkey procured AH-1s and started an indigenous attack helicopter program.
However, the AH-1-4BW’s development and its vigorous testing in Germany were not in vain: Lacking a USMC contract, Bell developed this new design into the AH-1Z with its own funds during the 1990s and 2000s. By 1996, the Marines were again prevented from ordering the AH-64: developing a marine version of the Apache would have been expensive and it was likely that the Marine Corps would be its only customer. Instead, the service signed a contract for the upgrading of AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs, which incorporated many elements from the AH-1-4BW.
General characteristics:
Crew: Two (pilot, co-pilot/gunner)
Length: 58 ft 0 in (17.68 m) overall
45 ft 7 in (14 m) for fuselage only
Width: 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m) for stub wings only
Height: 13 ft 9 in (4.19 m)
13 ft 9 in (4.19 m) incl. Phase III sensor mast
Main rotor diameter: 42 ft 8 in (13.00 m)
Airfoil: blade root: DFVLR DM-H3; blade tip: DFVLR DM-H4
Main rotor area: 1,428.9 sq ft (132.75 m2)
Empty weight: 12,189 lb (5,534 kg)
Max. take-off weight: 18,492 lb (8.391 kg)
Powerplant:
2× General Electric T700-401 turboshaft engine, with 1,800 shp (1,342 kW)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Never exceed speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Range: 317 nmi (365 mi, 587 km)
Service ceiling: 12,200 ft (3,700 m)
Rate of climb: 1,620 ft/min (8.2 m/s)
Armament:
1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M197 3-barreled Gatling cannon
in the A/A49E-7 chin turret (750 rounds ammo capacity)
4× hardpoints under the stub wings for a wide range of weapons, including…
- 20 mm (0.787 in) autocannon pods
- Twenty-two round pods with 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided rockets,
- Nineteen or seven round pods with 2.75” (70 mm) Hydra 70 or APKWS II rockets,
- 5” (127 mm) Zuni rockets – 8 rockets in two 4-round LAU-10D/A launchers
- Up to 8 TOW missiles in two 4-round XM65 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoints, or
up to 8 HOT3
up to 8 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles in 4-round M272 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoint,
- Up to 2 AIM-9 Sidewinder anti-aircraft missiles, launch rails above each outboard hardpoint or
up to 2 Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS) air-to-air missiles in single launch tubes
The kit and its assembly:
This what-if model was inspired by the real attempts of Bell to sell a twin-engine Cobra variant to Germany as a replacement for the light PAH-1/Bo 105 helicopter, while plans were made to build an indigenous successor together with France which eventually became the PAH-2/Tiger. These proposals fell well into the time frame of the (also) real AH-14BW project, and I imagined that this specific helicopter had been lent to the Luftwaffe for evaluation?
The basis is the Italeri 1:72 AH-1W kit, a solid basis which requires some work, though. And because I had the remains of a French Tigre at hand (which gave its cockpit for my recent JASDF A-2 build) I decided to use some of the leftover parts for something that borders a kitbashing. This includes the 4-blade main and 3-blade tail rotor, and I integrated the Tiger’s scoop-shaped exhaust diffusor behind the main rotor – a tricky task that require a lot of PSR, but the result looks very natural, if not elegant? The Tiger’s end plate stabilizers were used, too, mounted to the AH-1’s trim stabilizers that were mounted further back, as on the real AH-1-4BW.
To change the look even further I decided to add a sensor pod on top of the main rotor, and this required a totally new mechanical solution to hold the latter. Eventually I integrated a sleeve for a fixed metal axis which also holds the sensor ball (from a MisterCraft Westland Lynx – a bit oversized, but suitable for a prototype), and the PAH-2 rotor received an arrangement of levers that hold it in place and still allow it to spin.
The ordnance was also taken from the Italeri Tigre, with HOT quadruple launchers for the outer weapon stations, the inner hardpoints were left empty and I also did not mount the American chaff/flare dispensers on top of the stub wings.
Painting and markings:
The Luftwaffe did a LOT of interesting camouflage experiments in the early Eighties, adopting several standardized schemes for aircraft, but the Heeresflieger were less enthusiastic and retained the overall Gelboliv (RAL 6014) scheme before a three-color camouflage, consisting of two green tones and a dirty black was gradually introduced – even though apparently not in a uniform fashion, because there were variations for the darker shade of green (retaining RAL 6014 or using FS 34079, as on the Luftwaffe Norm ’83 scheme that was applied to Tornado IDSs, RF-4Es, some Starfighters and to the Transall fleet).
My fictional AH-1-4BW would fall into that transitional phase and I decided to give the helicopter an experimental scheme, which was used/tested on early Tornado IDS, consisting of RAL 7021 (Teerschwarz), RAL 7012 (Basaltgrau) and RAL 6014 (Gelboliv) – on aircraft with undersides in RAL 7000 (Silbergrau), but on a helicopter rather as a wraparound scheme. However, inspired by Luftwaffe F-4Fs with a modified Norm ‘72 splinter scheme that added a simple light grey fin to break up the aircrafts’ profile in a side view, I used RAL 7030 (Steingrau) on the tail tip to achieve the same effect, and the light grey was also used, together with Basaltgrau und Gelboliv mottles on the sensor ball – looks a bit like WWII Luftwaffe style, but appeared plausible for the system’s tactical use from behind some ground cover. The cockpit interior became very dark grey, just like the rotor blades, which were adorned with orange warning markings at the tips – seen on some Luftwaffe helicopters instead of classic yellow or red-white-red bands.
The decals were puzzled together from various sources. National markings came from generic Luftwaffe sheets from TL Modellbau, the light blue WTD 61 emblems behind the cockpit were taken from a Peddinghaus decal sheet with early Luftwaffe unit markings. The dayglo panels were created with generic decal material (TL Modellbau, too) and stencils came mostly from a Fujimi AH-1 sheet, procuring German or even multi-language material appeared too tedious and costly.
The photo calibration markings on nose and fins were improvised from black and white decal sheet material, punched out, cut into quarters, and then applied as circles. Adds an experimental touch to the Cobra!
The kit received a light black ink washing and some post-panel-shading, esp. to brighten up the grey and increase the contrast between the camouflage tones, which appeared even more murky after the dayglow stripes had been added. Finally, the Cobra received an overall coat wit matt acrylic varnish, position lights were added/painted, and the sensor ball received sights made from yellow chrome PET foil, simply punched out and fixed into place with some Humbrol Clearfix.
This one took a while to materialize and was more work than one might expect at first glance. But it looks quite cool, esp. the PAH-2/Tiger’s exhaust fairing fits very well into the Cobra’s lines and adds an elegant touch to the helicopter. The “Eye ball” is a bit large, yes, but IMHO acceptable for a prototype or test vehicle. And the livery certainly conveys a German touch.
+++ DISCLAIMER +++
Nothing you see here is real, even though the conversion or the presented background story might be based on historical facts. BEWARE!
Some background:
The Bell AH-1 SuperCobra is a twin-engined attack helicopter that was developed on behalf of, and primarily operated by, the United States Marine Corps (USMC). The twin Cobra family, itself part of the larger Huey family, includes the AH-1J SeaCobra, the AH-1T Improved SeaCobra, and the AH-1W SuperCobra. The Super Cobra was derived from the single-engine AH-1 Cobra, which had been developed during the mid-1960s as an interim gunship for the U.S. Army. The USMC had quickly taken an interest in the type but sought a twin-engine arrangement for greater operational safety at sea, along with more capable armaments. While initially opposed by the Department of Defense, who were keen to promote commonality across the services, in May 1968, an order for an initial 49 twin-engine AH-1J SeaCobras was issued to Bell. The type entered service during the final months of the US's involvement in the Vietnam War, seeing limited action in the theatre as a result.
The USMC promptly sought greater payload capacity than that provided by the original Sea Cobra; thus the AH-1T, equipped with the dynamic systems of the Model 309 and a lengthened fuselage, was produced by Bell during the 1970s. In the following decade, in response to the denial of funding to procure the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter, the USMC opted to procure a more capable variant of the AH-1T; equipped with revised fire control systems compatible with new munitions, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire anti-tank missile, the new model, designated AH-1W, commenced delivery in 1986.
In the early 1980s, the Marine Corps sought a new navalized helicopter. Accordingly, it evaluated the Boeing AH-64 Apache attack helicopter as first choice over a two-week period in September 1981, which included shipboard operation tests. Furthermore, various concepts were studied at this time. However, the service's request for funding to purchase the AH-64 was denied by Congress that same year. As an alternative option, the Marines procured a more powerful version of the AH-1T. Other changes included modified fire control systems to carry and fire AIM-9 Sidewinder and AGM-114 Hellfire missiles. The new version, which was funded by Congress, received the AH-1W designation. During March 1986, deliveries of the AH-1W SuperCobra commenced, eventually totaling 179 new-built helicopters along with the upgrading of 43 existing AH-1Ts.
This development also fell into the period when Great Britain was looking for a potential attack helicopter for the British Army, and Western Germany was - together with France - about to mutually develop a new attack helicopter that would in Germany replace the PAH-1, the light Bo 105 helicopter armed with six HOT anti-tank missiles. In 1984, the French and West German governments had issued a requirement for an advanced antitank helicopter, with one variant desired by the French dedicated to the escort and antihelicopter role. As originally planned, both countries would procure a total of 427 helicopters called “Tiger”. The West Germans planned on acquiring 212 models of the anti-tank variant named PAH-2 (Panzerabwehrhubschrauber or "Anti-tank helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1992. The French wanted 75 HAPs (Hélicoptère d'Appui Protection or "Support and Escort Helicopter") and 140 HACs (Hélicoptère Anti Char or "Anti-Tank Helicopter"), with deliveries starting at the end of 1991 and 1995, respectively. In the meantime, the USA also offered both the AH-1 as well as the more modern AH-64 as alternatives.
Development of the Tiger started during the Cold War, and it was initially intended as a pure anti-tank helicopter platform to be used against a Soviet ground invasion of Western Europe. A joint venture, consisting of Aérospatiale and MBB, was subsequently chosen as the preferred supplier, but in 1986 the development program was already canceled again due to spiraling costs: it had been officially calculated that supplying the German forces with an equivalent number of US-produced McDonnell Douglas AH-64 Apache attack helicopters would have been a considerably cheaper alternative to proceeding with the Tiger’s development, which became a more and more complex project because the helicopter would have to be able to fulfill more roles, and the duty profiles of Germany and France became significantly different. According to statements by the French Defence Minister André Giraud in April 1986, the collaborative effort had become more expensive than an individual national program and was also forecast to take longer to complete.
This opened the door for American proposals even wider, and beyond the state-of-the-art AH-64 Bell proposed a further upgraded two-engine AH-1W. Bell had been working as a private initiative with both the AH-1T+ demonstrator and the AH-1W prototype, and developed a new experimental hingeless rotor system with four composite blades, designed to withstand up to 23 mm rounds and thus greatly improving battlefield survivability. This new main rotor was manually foldable, reduced vibrations and allowed the engine power to be increased, thus greatly improving the SuperCobra’s performance and load capabilities. The twin engine’s power had until then been restricted, but in the AH-1-4BW the power was liberated to full 1,800 shp (1,342 kW), with a reinforced gearbox that could even cope with 2.400 shp. Top speed climbed by 23 mph/37 km/h, rate of climb improved, and the load capability was raised by 1.000 lb (450 kg). The AH-1-4BW was now able to fly a full looping, something the AH-1 had not been able to do before. However, empty weight of this demonstrator helicopter climbed to 12,189 lb (5,534 kg) and the maximum TOW to 18,492 lb (8.391 kg).
Other changes included a different position for the stabilizers further aft, closer to the tail rotor, which furthermore received small end plates to improve directional stability. The modified AH-1W prototype was aptly re-designated “AH-1-4BW” (4BW standing for “4-blade whiskey”), and there were plans to upgrade the type even further with a fully digitalized cockpit to meet contemporary requirements, e.g. for the British Army.
The West-German Bundesluftwaffe’s interest in the “outdated” AH-1 was initially only lukewarm, but when Bell offered to lend the AH-1-4BW prototype for evaluations and as a development mule for the eventual integration of the European HOT missile and indigenous sensors and avionics, a mutual agreement was signed in late 1987 to have the AH-1-4BW tested by the Luftwaffe in the environment where the type would be operated.
The AH-1-4BW prototype (s/n 166 022) was delivered to Manching in Southern Germany in summer 1988 on board of a C-5 Galaxy. It was operated by the Luftwaffe’s Wehrtechnische Dienststelle (WTD, Technical and Airworthiness Center for Aircraft) 61 for two years and successfully made several tests. This program was divided into three “Phases”. “Phase I” included focused on flight characteristics, tactical operations, and mock air-to-air combat against Luftwaffe CH-53s which acted as Mi-24 aggressors. Upon program start the AH-1-4BW received German markings, the registration 98+11, and a new, subdued paint scheme in Luftwaffe colors instead of the original USMC scheme in an overall medium green.
In “Phase I” the AH-1-4BW retained its American weapon systems, as the flight testing did not involve weapon deployment or integration. Instead, dummies or target designators were carried. After these initial tests that lasted almost a year Bell agreed to let the WTD 61 modify the AH-1-4BW further with European avionics to deploy the HOT 3 anti-tank missile, which would be the helicopter’s primal weapon in the German Heeresflieger’s service, since Germany did at that time neither use the similar American TOW nor the more sophisticated AGM-114 Hellfire, even though the German PARS 3 LR missile (also known as TRIGAT-LR: Third Generation AntiTank, Long Range) was already under development since 1988. This upgrade and test program section received the designation “Phase II”. Outwardly, the newly modified AH-1 was recognizable through a different sensor turret in the nose and a modified HOT missile sight for the gunner in the front seat.
In late 1989 the helicopter underwent another modification by WTD 61, which was to test equipment already intended for the PAH-2. Under the trials’ final “Phase III” the AH-1-4BW received a globular fairing on a mast on top of the main rotor, to test the tactical value of observing, identifying, and selecting targets while the helicopter would remain in cover. This sensor mast combined a panoramic IR camera with a targeting sight for anti-tank missiles and the gun turret, and it functionally replaced the standard chin sensor turret (which was brought back to AH-1W standard). Another novel feature was a streamlined, sugar scope-shaped exhaust diffusor with two chambers which guided hot gases upwards into the main rotor’s downwash, as an alternative to the original diffusors which only mixed cold ambient air with the hot efflux. It turned out to be very effective and was subsequently adapted for the Tiger. Other changes included a new hingeless three-blade tail rotor that was supposed to reduce operational noise and frequency issues with the new 4-blade main rotor, and the endplate stabilizers were enlarged to compensate for the huge “eyeball” on top of the main rotor which significantly changed the AH-1’s flight characteristics, especially at high speed.
Further tests of the Phase III SuperCobra lasted until summer 1990 and provided both Bell as well as the Luftwaffe with valuable benchmark data for further weapon system developments. When the lease contract ended in 1991, the AH-1-4BW was sent back to the United States. In the meantime, though, the political situation had changed dramatically. The USSR had ceased to exist, so that the Cold War threat especially in Europe had ended almost overnight after the Aérospatiale/MBB joint venture, now officially called Eurocopter, had signed an agreement in 1989 which financially secured the majority of the Tiger’s pending development through to serial production, including arrangements for two assembly lines to be built at Aerospatiale's Marignane plant and MBB's Donauwörth facility. This eventually saved the Tiger and in 1991 it had become clear that no American attack helicopter would be bought by either Germany or France. Great Britain as another potential European customer also declined the AH-1 and eventually procured the more modern AH-64 in the form of the license-built AgustaWestland Apache.
In 1992, the Eurocopter Group was officially established, and the Tiger moved closer to the hardware stage; this led to considerable consolidation of the aerospace industry and the Tiger project itself. A major agreement was struck in December 1996 between France and Germany that cemented the Tiger's prospects and committed the development of supporting elements, such as a series of new generation missile designs for use by the new helicopter. National political issues continued to affect the prospects of the Tiger, however. A proposed sale of up to 145 Tigers to Turkey proved a source of controversy; Turkey selected the Tiger as the preferred option, but conflicting attitudes between Eurocopter, France and Germany regarding military exports led to Turkey withdrawing its interest. Eventually, Turkey procured AH-1s and started an indigenous attack helicopter program.
However, the AH-1-4BW’s development and its vigorous testing in Germany were not in vain: Lacking a USMC contract, Bell developed this new design into the AH-1Z with its own funds during the 1990s and 2000s. By 1996, the Marines were again prevented from ordering the AH-64: developing a marine version of the Apache would have been expensive and it was likely that the Marine Corps would be its only customer. Instead, the service signed a contract for the upgrading of AH-1Ws into AH-1Zs, which incorporated many elements from the AH-1-4BW.
General characteristics:
Crew: Two (pilot, co-pilot/gunner)
Length: 58 ft 0 in (17.68 m) overall
45 ft 7 in (14 m) for fuselage only
Width: 10 ft 9 in (3.28 m) for stub wings only
Height: 13 ft 9 in (4.19 m)
13 ft 9 in (4.19 m) incl. Phase III sensor mast
Main rotor diameter: 42 ft 8 in (13.00 m)
Airfoil: blade root: DFVLR DM-H3; blade tip: DFVLR DM-H4
Main rotor area: 1,428.9 sq ft (132.75 m2)
Empty weight: 12,189 lb (5,534 kg)
Max. take-off weight: 18,492 lb (8.391 kg)
Powerplant:
2× General Electric T700-401 turboshaft engine, with 1,800 shp (1,342 kW)
Performance:
Maximum speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Never exceed speed: 190 kn (220 mph, 350 km/h)
Range: 317 nmi (365 mi, 587 km)
Service ceiling: 12,200 ft (3,700 m)
Rate of climb: 1,620 ft/min (8.2 m/s)
Armament:
1× 20 mm (0.787 in) M197 3-barreled Gatling cannon
in the A/A49E-7 chin turret (750 rounds ammo capacity)
4× hardpoints under the stub wings for a wide range of weapons, including…
- 20 mm (0.787 in) autocannon pods
- Twenty-two round pods with 68 mm (2.68 in) SNEB unguided rockets,
- Nineteen or seven round pods with 2.75” (70 mm) Hydra 70 or APKWS II rockets,
- 5” (127 mm) Zuni rockets – 8 rockets in two 4-round LAU-10D/A launchers
- Up to 8 TOW missiles in two 4-round XM65 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoints, or
up to 8 HOT3
up to 8 AGM-114 Hellfire missiles in 4-round M272 missile launchers, on outboard hardpoint,
- Up to 2 AIM-9 Sidewinder anti-aircraft missiles, launch rails above each outboard hardpoint or
up to 2 Air-to-Air Stinger (ATAS) air-to-air missiles in single launch tubes
The kit and its assembly:
This what-if model was inspired by the real attempts of Bell to sell a twin-engine Cobra variant to Germany as a replacement for the light PAH-1/Bo 105 helicopter, while plans were made to build an indigenous successor together with France which eventually became the PAH-2/Tiger. These proposals fell well into the time frame of the (also) real AH-14BW project, and I imagined that this specific helicopter had been lent to the Luftwaffe for evaluation?
The basis is the Italeri 1:72 AH-1W kit, a solid basis which requires some work, though. And because I had the remains of a French Tigre at hand (which gave its cockpit for my recent JASDF A-2 build) I decided to use some of the leftover parts for something that borders a kitbashing. This includes the 4-blade main and 3-blade tail rotor, and I integrated the Tiger’s scoop-shaped exhaust diffusor behind the main rotor – a tricky task that require a lot of PSR, but the result looks very natural, if not elegant? The Tiger’s end plate stabilizers were used, too, mounted to the AH-1’s trim stabilizers that were mounted further back, as on the real AH-1-4BW.
To change the look even further I decided to add a sensor pod on top of the main rotor, and this required a totally new mechanical solution to hold the latter. Eventually I integrated a sleeve for a fixed metal axis which also holds the sensor ball (from a MisterCraft Westland Lynx – a bit oversized, but suitable for a prototype), and the PAH-2 rotor received an arrangement of levers that hold it in place and still allow it to spin.
The ordnance was also taken from the Italeri Tigre, with HOT quadruple launchers for the outer weapon stations, the inner hardpoints were left empty and I also did not mount the American chaff/flare dispensers on top of the stub wings.
Painting and markings:
The Luftwaffe did a LOT of interesting camouflage experiments in the early Eighties, adopting several standardized schemes for aircraft, but the Heeresflieger were less enthusiastic and retained the overall Gelboliv (RAL 6014) scheme before a three-color camouflage, consisting of two green tones and a dirty black was gradually introduced – even though apparently not in a uniform fashion, because there were variations for the darker shade of green (retaining RAL 6014 or using FS 34079, as on the Luftwaffe Norm ’83 scheme that was applied to Tornado IDSs, RF-4Es, some Starfighters and to the Transall fleet).
My fictional AH-1-4BW would fall into that transitional phase and I decided to give the helicopter an experimental scheme, which was used/tested on early Tornado IDS, consisting of RAL 7021 (Teerschwarz), RAL 7012 (Basaltgrau) and RAL 6014 (Gelboliv) – on aircraft with undersides in RAL 7000 (Silbergrau), but on a helicopter rather as a wraparound scheme. However, inspired by Luftwaffe F-4Fs with a modified Norm ‘72 splinter scheme that added a simple light grey fin to break up the aircrafts’ profile in a side view, I used RAL 7030 (Steingrau) on the tail tip to achieve the same effect, and the light grey was also used, together with Basaltgrau und Gelboliv mottles on the sensor ball – looks a bit like WWII Luftwaffe style, but appeared plausible for the system’s tactical use from behind some ground cover. The cockpit interior became very dark grey, just like the rotor blades, which were adorned with orange warning markings at the tips – seen on some Luftwaffe helicopters instead of classic yellow or red-white-red bands.
The decals were puzzled together from various sources. National markings came from generic Luftwaffe sheets from TL Modellbau, the light blue WTD 61 emblems behind the cockpit were taken from a Peddinghaus decal sheet with early Luftwaffe unit markings. The dayglo panels were created with generic decal material (TL Modellbau, too) and stencils came mostly from a Fujimi AH-1 sheet, procuring German or even multi-language material appeared too tedious and costly.
The photo calibration markings on nose and fins were improvised from black and white decal sheet material, punched out, cut into quarters, and then applied as circles. Adds an experimental touch to the Cobra!
The kit received a light black ink washing and some post-panel-shading, esp. to brighten up the grey and increase the contrast between the camouflage tones, which appeared even more murky after the dayglow stripes had been added. Finally, the Cobra received an overall coat wit matt acrylic varnish, position lights were added/painted, and the sensor ball received sights made from yellow chrome PET foil, simply punched out and fixed into place with some Humbrol Clearfix.
This one took a while to materialize and was more work than one might expect at first glance. But it looks quite cool, esp. the PAH-2/Tiger’s exhaust fairing fits very well into the Cobra’s lines and adds an elegant touch to the helicopter. The “Eye ball” is a bit large, yes, but IMHO acceptable for a prototype or test vehicle. And the livery certainly conveys a German touch.
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
An extremely large, fierce-looking fly, capable of catching and carrying off and eating other insects. It is generally regarded as Britain's largest fly species. Its larvae live in or under dung and feed on the larvae of dung beetles and other insect larvae. The species has become rarer because of the practice of dosing cattle with insecticides to prevent gut parasites. This has meant that much dung is now insect-free. Fortunately, it is also associated with rabbit droppings, which are not usually treated with insecticides.
Bridleway in chalk grassland near fields used for grazing horses and cattle, Oliver's Battery, Winchester, Hampshire, UK, 28 August 2015. Scale in cm and mm.
OS Grid Ref: SU 462 272
Capable of carrying 10,000 chickens to "processing plants" KFC's new oversized poultry stock car is now in regular service as part of the food supply chain for your next bucket of crispy chicken. MDH, reporting all the fake news that's fit to put on Flickr...
Bronze Statue of Mahatma Ghandi Unveiled in 1993 by Archbishop Desmond Tutu Church Street Pietermaritzburg Kwazulu Natal South Africa Sepia January 18th 1999
"Non-violence is not a clostered virtue. It is no impossible Ideal... It is capable of being practiced by the millions.... It is the soul force within every human being... The path of true non-violence required much more courage than violence" Mahatma Ghandi
The statue of Mahatma Ghandi commemorates the centenary of his experience at the Pietermaritzburg railway station in 1893 when he was cast out from a first class carriage because he was not White. Gandhi had close links to Pietermaritzburg and his passive resistance campaign is closely linked to the city.
“My life is my message”, Mahatma Ghandi.
The second generation of the midsize Mercedes-Benz SUV gets more than a renaming to GLC from GLK; this versatile new SUV, which goes on sale in December, is an entirely different, larger and more capable vehicle. The 2016 GLC design makes a clear departure from the GLK with a sleek, emotionally inspired form and a more dynamic presence.
The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American carrier-capable supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, twin-tail, variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft. The Tomcat was developed for the United States Navy's Naval Fighter Experimental (VFX) program after the collapse of the General Dynamics-Grumman F-111B project. The F-14 was the first of the American Teen Series fighters, which were designed incorporating air combat experience against MiG fighters during the Vietnam War.
The F-14 first flew on 21 December 1970 and made its first deployment in 1974 with the U.S. Navy aboard USS Enterprise (CVN-65), replacing the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. The F-14 served as the U.S. Navy's primary maritime air superiority fighter, fleet defense interceptor, and tactical aerial reconnaissance platform into the 2000s. The Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night (LANTIRN) pod system was added in the 1990s and the Tomcat began performing precision ground-attack missions.The Tomcat was retired by U.S. Navy on 22 September 2006, supplanted by the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. Several retired F-14s have been put on display across the US.
Having been exported to Iran under the Pahlavi dynasty in 1976, F-14s were used as land-based interceptors by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War. Iran claimed their F-14s shot down at least 160 Iraqi aircraft during the war (only 55 of these confirmed, according to historian Tom Cooper), while 16 Tomcats were lost, including seven losses to accidents. As of 2022, the F-14 remains in service with Iran's air force, though in low numbers of combat-ready aircraft due to a lack of spare parts.
Wikipedia: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grumman_F-14_Tomcat
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
The Me 163 Komet, designed by Alexander Martin Lippisch, was the only operational rocket-powered fighter aircraft during the Second World War. Although revolutionary and capable of performance unrivaled at the time, it proved ineffective as a fighter and resulted in the destruction of very few Allied aircraft.
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Photos by Allison Cartwright @ Twist Tours
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house, led us to the development of the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect, KRDB to design, develop and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. The homes have been rated 4-5 star by the Austin Energy Green Building Program. SOL Austin has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes and DIY Network’s, This New House.
Ceremonial Bill Signing: S.C. Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, H.3114 (Official Governor's Office Photo by Camlin Moore)
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The injection molding machine is one of the most popular and efficient manufacturing processes in the world and can produce large quantities of the products you are using every day. Injection machines are capable of producing identical volumes of items in the fastest time while maintaining product quality. Do you know how does injection moulding machine work? Let’s learn the principle of injection machine operation with BNT Machinery in this article.
What is an injection molding machine?
An injection molding machine is production equipment capable of producing large volumes of products. It works by injecting molten material into the mold. Injection molding materials include metals, glasses, and elastomers, and are most commonly used to create thermoplastics and thermosetting polymers.
> > > Learn more: How does CO injection machine affect tuna color?
History of injection molding
The injection molding machine was first invented in the United States in 1872 by brothers John Wesley Hyatt and Isaiah. This machine is more primitive than modern equipment, it works like a large needle, under the action of a piston, the plastic through the cylinder is heated and injected into the mold.
German scientists Arthur Eichengrün and Theodore Becker discovered the first soluble forms of cellulose acetate in 1903, which are less flammable than cellulose nitrate and easy to extrude. Arthur Eichengrün developed the first injection molding machine in 1939 and patented the flexible cellulose acetate injection mold.
World War II opened up huge demand for cheap and mass-produced products. In 1946, American inventor James Watson Hendry built the first screw pump, which allowed more precise control of the injection rate and quality of the products manufactured. This machine can also mix raw materials before spraying, so that colored plastic or recycled plastics are mixed.
In 1970, Hendry developed the first air-assisted injection molding system for rapid cooling of complex products. This improves the design flexibility and rigidity of manufactured products while saving on costs, fuel, raw materials, and waste.
History of plastics injection molding
In 1990, aluminum molds were widely used. Nowadays, screw pumps make up the majority of plastic injection molding machines.
Plastic injection molding technology produces push buttons for use in automotive, medical, aerospace, consumer goods, toys, plumbing, packaging, and construction.
Application of injection molding technology
Injection molding technology is widely used in industry, especially in the plastics industry, as the ideal method for producing large objects of the same volume. In addition, injection molding technology is also applied in the manufacturing industry of packaging, bottle caps, auto parts, components, coils, musical instruments, tables and chairs, machine parts (including gears), …
> > > Read more: What is an overmold? What are the applications of overmolding?
How does injection moulding machine work?
How does injection moulding machine work? The injection molding process is carried out through 4 main steps, specifically as follows:
Step 1: Use the plastic injection machine to melt the material to a suitable temperature.
In this step, the raw materials that are still in a hard form such as recycled plastics and virgin plastic will be put into the raw material port of the plastic injection machine. Here, the materials will be mixed and pushed forward to melt by the heating system arranged around the cylinder of the machine.
Step 2: The screw system of the plastic injection molding machine will create a large pressure to inject the molten plastic into the mold in the closed state. The screw system of the plastic injection machine will act as a plunger pushing the melted plastic forward with great pressure. The plastic channel system will contain the liquid plastic part. At this time, the mold cavity is in a closed state to do the task of forming the product.
Step 3: Cool the mold part so that the molten plastic part turns into a solid state. In order to get the plastic out, the melted plastic must be solidified. In this step, the machine’s cooling system will work to cool the mold and solidify the molten plastic.
Step 4: Take the product out. This is the final step of the injection molding process. The injection molding machine’s needle system will slowly pull out half of the mold, leaving a certain amount of time to take the product out. Then close the mold again to continue the new process.
Suitable plastics
The types of plastic commonly used in injection molding are thermoplastics, thermosetting plastics, and some elastomers. Available materials are usually metals or a mixture of materials, so designers can select the material with the most suitable properties.
Material selection criteria are based on stiffness, modulus of elasticity, flexural resistance, heat resistance and water absorption, design requirements as well as manufacturing cost, each with different specifications. should be considered and considered. The thermoplastics are nylon, polyethylene, and polystyrene. Thermosetting resins are epoxy and phenolic.
Structure of plastic injection molding machine
Clamping system
It has the effect of opening and closing the mold while supporting the movement of the molding element and creating a force large enough to hold the mold during the filling process and push the product out of the mold. The motion of this assembly is reciprocating, so any mechanism that produces this movement is allowed.
Common types of mold clamp assemblies include:
– Mechanical clamp assembly
– Hydraulic clamp assembly
– Mechanical clamp assembly with hydraulic combination
Mold
Consists of 2 basic components: a fixed half and a movable mold. The movable mold half usually carries the mold core, and the fixed mold half usually carries the mold cavity. In the mold plates, a cooling system and plastic channel are arranged. In addition, there are connecting rods and other parts such as a heating system … will talk about plastic injection mold in detail.
Spray system
The injection system consists of 3 parts: the feed hopper, the thermal cylinder, the screw, and the nozzle.
Feed Hopper
Thermoplastic is fed in the form of pellets. The feed hopper serves to contain these particles. These small particles of material from the door of the feed hopper enter the thermal cylinder.
Thermal Cylinder
The heating cylinder for the material makes the material molten, it is heated by the thermocouples.
The screw consists of 3 segments:
Inlet section: Near the inlet hopper used to move the material forward, at the end of this zone, the material softens and begins to flow.
Compression zone: In the middle of the screw, used to compress liquid materials.
Dosing area: Mix and homogenize the material before injection into the mold.
Nozzle: The part that attaches between the cylinder head and the nozzle of the mold. The nozzle must have a shape suitable for the flow of the material and be firmly attached to the nozzle during injection molding. The nozzle hole should be smaller than the nozzle hole in the mold.
The nozzle is interchangeable and has its own heating ring. Because the types of plastic have different characteristics, the nozzles also have different textures to help the best plastic injection process into the mold.
Advantages and limitations of using an injection molding machine
Advantage:
Complex shapes: Plastic injection molded parts can hold very tight tolerances on extremely small parts that are not possible with other manufacturing methods and cost-effectively. This allows injection molding products to be more complex or more suitable for certain applications.
Speed and scale: Injection molding works best when it quickly produces a large number of parts. The mold can contain multiple cavities all producing identical products in one press.
Usually, the cooling time of thermoplastics is also short. Even large parts can be produced in a minute or two. This means that every minute you can produce hundreds of products from one machine and one operator.
Durability: Plastic is an extremely durable material, especially when molded. That’s why it’s often used to make the outer shell or outer shell of equipment, plastic containers, etc. In addition, it is practically possible to mix anti-UV agents, increasing the anti-corrosion properties. bacteria, making it antistatic, and other uses make it a very durable material choice for components.
Product control: It is much easier to control the bonded surface of plastic molded components than other components. The colors are melted directly into the resin allowing for a uniform color without the need for a second operation such as powder coating. In addition, the mold can give the product many different characteristics, from smooth and smooth to matte..
In addition, labels and logos can be engraved on the part by the mold, making it easier for users to read and easily found on the product.
Defect:
Design Limitations: Since the mold has to be partially opened and ejected, there are some designs that cannot be molded or would be extremely difficult to cast.
High upfront costs: Injection molding involves an investment in an injection mold that can cost anywhere from 20 million to 500 million depending on the complexity of the part and the size of the mold.
Longer design time: Before production can be made entirely of drawings, molds must be designed and engineered to be able to rapidly increase project time and deliver products to production.
These are all information about how does injection moulding machine work that BNT shares with you. Hopefully, through our article, you will have more useful knowledge to apply to your work.
Contact information to buy an injection molding machine:
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Hotline: 0905 361 004
Email: bntbaonam@gmail.com
Website: bnt-machinery.com
Fanpage: BNT Machinery
Ceremonial Bill Signing: S.C. Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act, H.3114 (Official Governor's Office Photo by Camlin Moore)
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The world’s top female surfers proved by pairing up grace, strength and talent, that they are capable of taking the sport to new heights.
The 2nd SWATCH GIRLS PRO France 2011 in Hossegor delivered a firework of spectacular surfing! Moving through the rounds, the ladies faced strong currents and fast crashing waves. Heat after heat they tackled the rough challenge by laying down outstanding performances with technical, smooth and stylish surfing. Unfortunately last year’s winner and 4-time World Champion Stephanie Gilmore (AUS) and top favourite Coco Ho (HAW) were already eliminated in the early rounds.
In the end Sally Fitzgibbons (AUS) defeated Sage Erickson (USA) on an epic final day of competition to win the SWATCH GIRLS PRO France at Seignosse in Hossegor.
Both Fitzgibbons and Erickson surfed at their limit on the final day of competition in front of the packed holiday crowd who flocked to the beach to support some of the world’s finest women’s surfers, but it was Fitzgibbons who found the scores needed to take the victory over the American surfer.
Fitzgibbons, who is currently rated No. 2 on the elite ASP Women’s World Title Series, competed in her second consecutive SWATCH GIRLS PRO France event and her victory marks her third major ASP win this year.
Erickson was impressive throughout the entire competition, eventually defeating Sarah Baum (ZAF) in the Semifinals, but was unable to surpass Fitzgibbons for the win.
Sarah Mason Wins 2-Star Swatch Girls Pro Junior France
Sarah Mason (Gisbourne, NZL) 16, today took out the ASP 2-Star Swatch Girls Pro Junior France over Dimity Stoyle (Sunshine Coast QLD, AUS) 19, it a closely contested 35-minute final that went down to the wire in tricky 3ft (1m) waves at Les Bourdaines.
Europe’s finest under-21 athletes faced some of the world’s best up-and-comers in the Swatch Girls Pro Junior France in their attempt to qualify for the ASP World Junior Series which starts October 3, in Bali, Indonesia.
Mason, who impressed the entire event with her precise and stylish forehand attack, left little to chance in the 35-minute final getting off to a quick start to open her account and then built on her two-wave total to claim victory with 11.73 out of 20. The quietly spoken goofy-footer was a standout performer in the ASP 6-Star Swatch Girls Pro France and backed it up with a commanding performance against her fellow Pro Junior members.
“It is amazing. I am so happy and it is one of my best results for sure. It was tricky to try and pick the good ones but I picked a couple so it was great. All the girls are definitely ripping so you have to step up the level to get through your heats so I am stoked with the win. It has been super fun and I have enjoyed the entire event so to win is just amazing.”
Dimity Stoyle was unable to bridge the gap over her opponent in the final finishing second despite holding priority several times in the later stages of the encounter. The Swatch Girls Pro Junior France has proved the perfect training ground for Stoyle to continue with her excellent results already obtained this season on the ASP Australasia Pro Junior series where she is currently ranked nº2.
“I am still happy with second and I really wanted to win here but I tried my best. This is the best event I have been in so far it is really good the set up, the waves and everyone loves it. I can’t believe how good the French crowd are. They love surfing and they love us all so I am definitely going to come back.”
Felicity Palmateer (Perth WA, AUS) 18, ranked nº9 on the ASP Women’s Star Tour, finished equal 3rd in a low scoring tactical heat against Stoyle where positioning and priority tactics towards the final part played a major role as the frequency of set waves dropped.
“When I first paddled out I thought it was breaking more out the back but as the tide started to change it moved in and became a little inconsistent. At the start of the heat there were heaps of waves but then it went slow and priority came into play and I kept trying to get one. I am not really fussed because I am travelling with Dimity (Stoyle) and stoked that she has made the final.”
Palmateer has used the Swatch Girls Pro Junior France as a building block towards her ultimate goal of being full-time on the ASP Women’s World Tour. Her objectives are clear and 2011 is an extremely important year.
“I would love to get a World Junior title but at the moment my goal is to qualify for the World Tour through the Star events. If I can get more practice without that much pressure on me like this year and then if I qualify it will be even better for 2012.”
Bianca Buitendag (ZAF) 17, placed 3rd in the Swatch Girls Pro Junior France after failing to oust eventual event winner Sarah Mason in semi-final nº1. Buitendag looked dangerous throughout the final day of competition and was unlucky not to find any quality scoring waves in a slow heat. Trailing for the majority of the encounter, Buitendag secured her best ride in the final moments which proved not enough to advance.
“The swell definitely dropped and although the conditions were quite nice I didn’t get any good scoring waves. I have a Pro Junior event coming up in South Africa and it is very important to get a result there to qualify for the World Juniors.”
Maud Le Car (St Martin, FRA) 19, claimed the best result of the European contingent finishing equal 5th to jump to nº1 position on the ASP Women’s European Pro Junior series. Le Car led a low scoring quarter-final bout against Bianca Buitendag until losing priority in a tactical error which allowed her opponent to sneak under her guard and claim the modest score required to win.
“I didn’t surf really well in that heat and I am a little bit disappointed because it is for the selection to the World Juniors with the other European girls. The waves were not the best and it was difficult to catch some good waves and unfortunately I didn’t make it. It is really good to be at the top but I have some other contests to improve and to do some good results and to make it to the World Juniors.”
The Swatch Time to Tear Expression Session was won by the team composed of Swatch Girls Pro France finalists Sally Fitzgibbons (AUS), Sage Erickson (USA) and equal 3rd placed Courtney Conlogue (USA) in a dynamic display of modern progressive surfing in the punchy 3ft peaks in front of a packed surf hungry audience lining the shore.
The Swatch Girls Pro is webcast LIVE on www.swatchgirlspro.com
For all results, videos, daily highlights, photos and news log-on to www.swatchgirlsproor www.aspeurope.com
Swatch Girls Pro Junior France Final Result
Sarah Mason (NZL) 11.73 Def. Dimity Stoyle (AUS) 10.27
Swatch Girls Pro Junior France Semi-Final Results
Heat 1: Sarah Mason (NZL) 14.00 Def. Bianca Buitendag (ZAF) 9.60
Heat 2: Dimity Stoyle (AUS) 10.67 Def. Felicity Palmateer (AUS) 9.57
Swatch Girls Pro Junior France Quarter-Final Results
Heat 1: Sarah Mason (NZL) 12.75 Def. Lakey Peterson (USA) 6.25
Heat 2: Bianca Buitendag (ZAF) 8.95 Def. Maud Le Car (FRA) 8.50
Heat 3: Dimity Stoyle (AUS) 11.00 Def. Georgia Fish (AUS) 4.50
Heat 4: Felicity Palmateer (AUS) 17.00 Def. Nao Omura (JPN) 8.75
Swatch Girls Pro Junior France Round Three Results
Heat 1: Sarah Mason (NZL) 15.25, Maud Le Car (FRA) 11.00, Marie Dejean (FRA) 9.35, Camille Davila (FRA) 4.90
Heat 2: Bianca Buitendag (ZAF) 14.50, Lakey Peterson (USA) 11.50, Justine Dupont (FRA) 10.75, Phillipa Anderson (AUS) 5.10
Heat 3: Georgia Fish (AUS) 12.50, Felicity Palmateer (AUS) 9.15, Joanne Defay (FRA) 7.15, Loiola Canales (EUK) 2.90
Heat 4: Nao Omura (JPN) 10.00, Dimity Stoyle (AUS) 9.50, Barbara Segatto (BRA) 3.90, Ana Morau (FRA) 3.05
Photos Aquashot/ASPEurope - Swatch
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The carrier capable E-2 Hawkeye, built by Grumman, was designed to patrol the approaches to a carrier battle group to detect impending attack by hostile aircraft, missiles or sea forces. In addition to the early warning function, the E-2 provided strike and traffic control, area surveillance, search and rescue guidance, navigational assistance and communications relay services. The E-2C model was built from 1971 to 2009.
The aircraft in the photograph has the unit identification marking of VAW-124--Carrier Airborne Early Warning Squadron 124, "The Bear Aces."
The least true truism about native gardeners in Southern California is that we hate roses. They are hardy, beautiful and perfectly capable of summer dormancy. My old native garden had a remnant tea rose that bloomed twice a year (spring and late autumn) purely on the rain that fed its climbing post (a yucca). This David Austin rose at the new house was put in at a point where drainage could be a problem, so a plant that could serve as a sump pump in winter and be cut back in summer seemed a practical as well as beautiful choice. For more information about the climber, go here: www.davidaustinroses.com/american/Showrose.asp?Showr=3621
My favorite place to buy roses is Bellefontaine Nursery in Pasadena www.bellefontainenursery.com
The vases, both gifts from a former neighbor, Alissa Hutchinson, are from Alissa's favorite pottery-maker, Luna Garcia in Venice. I have come to love the vases in the now 12 years I've had them. Looking up the potter's website for this post, I was saddened by the announcement they are closing in January 2015 "with no plans to re-open." Before they close, by all means check out their final pottery collection: lunagarciala.tumblr.com
The collage of the cake being handed out the window was by an old friend, Tom Lubbock. The collage, done when Tom was a freelancer and I a lowly staffer for the then-young paper's listing pages, was for a page illustrating the progression of sugar through Europe and item about how cakes might be slid through windows of convents where nuns baked for local towns.
At the time Tom and I worked together, in the late 1980s, the art department at the Independent didn't appreciate Tom's style and we both faced being hauled into the editor's office when we published pages with his collages. But Tom went on to become the paper's beloved art critic and a respected artist himself before he died in 2011. www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/art/news/tom-lub...
This is a family dedicated channel to our beloved big lad Benji
We got Benji in 2007 when he was 4 years old as the owner was suffering from an illness and was no longer capable of looking after him
We got him on the 21st may 2007 so we used that date to celebrate his birthday
When Benji came to live with us he was a very independant lad and was always the boss especially over my two young sons and he stamped his authority quite quickly
He did test us at the beginning but soon knew that living here with us he was going to get nothing more than love and attention and he got that in abundance
He loved his home comforts as he would often take over the settee and would declare that space as his own
I myself have had health issues and Benji would always pop his head up to see if everything was alright with me and i would do the same with him everynight
We nearly lost Benji in 2013/2014 when we discovered a small lump on his groin and the vet at the time told us it was just a fatty lump and just ignore it
We knew something was not right and advised the vet that we wanted it removed and we would pay for the operation
We booked him in 2 weeks after that appointment and when we got him to the PDSA they told us that it was a good job that we ignored her colleagues advice and decided to go for the operation as it saved his life as this so called fatty lump was actually a growth that was cutting off his blood vessel, The operation was a success and it extended our time with Benji
There was times that we questioned some of the vets advice as for when we kept asking about all the lumps that was appearing on his body and again we were told that they were just fatty lumps
Over the past couple of years we were concerned of a few lumps under his chest and a few that would appear around his ribs etc and again we were told to ignore them as they were fatty lumps
Well those lumps turned out to be cancer and cost our baby boy his life as his liver had also became very enlarged and we had to make a decssion if we wanted to die in agony as we were informed or for the vet to give him that terrible injection
We took him home for a day so that he could say his goodbyes to my sons and we stayed awake with him all night
The following morning we gave him his favourite a tin of tuna and he had a good drink of water and at 10:15am on September 1st 2017 Benji was put to sleep
My wife held him in her arms as i cuddled his head and kept him from seeing the needles and he dropped into his deep sleep forever
The vet that dealt with Benji on his final moment was a wonderful and caring vet and we thank her from the bottom of our hearts for all she done
We love you Benji and we will walk together again one day soon
Forever your
Mammy, Daddy and Brothers
The Sir John T. Gilbert Commemorative Lecture, 2011.
The Gilbert Lecture Series was inaugurated in 1998, the year which marked the centenary of the death of Sir John T. Gilbert. The aim of the series is to celebrate the life and work of Gilbert, and the history of Dublin, the city whose past he wished to incover and bring before a wider public.
The fourteenth annual lecture in the Gilbert Lecture Series, Christopher Fitz-Simon, 'Mr J. Kennedy Miller's very capable company of Irish players', was delivered on 24 January 2011, at Dublin City Library and Archive, Pearse Street, and chaired by the Lord Mayor, Councillor Gerry Breen'
Piaguaje, el gran pintor de la amazonía. Sus pinturas son tan realistas que casi se confunden con fotografías, o mejor dicho el es capaz de captar detalles que ni las fotografias lo logran, pinta desde su canoa navegando por los ríos del oriente ecuatoriano
Piaguaje, the great painter of the Amazon. His paintings are so realistic that was almost mistaken for photographs, or rather, is capable of capturing details that neither the photographs they succeed, paints from his canoe navigating the rivers of eastern Ecuador
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house, led us to develop the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect, KRDB, to design, develop and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. The homes have been rated 4-5 star by the Austin Energy Green Building Program. SOL Austin has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes and DIY Network’s, This New House.
This 3 bedroom, 3 bathroom home has 1538 square feet. The Master Suite features a second story balcony, and the open living, dining, kitchen floor plan is ideal for entertaining.
The A-4 Skyhawk was built by Douglas Aircraft for the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marines Corps as a ground attack, carrier capable aircraft. The first A-4 aircrafts was introduced into service in 1956 and was produced to 1979, variants going to the late 1980s. The aircraft was extensively used in the Vietnam War in close air support missions. By the late 1980s, the A-4 was deployed in a adversary training role. The U. S. Navy retired A-4s in 1998. The aircraft in the photograph-No. 159789- is painted in adversary camouflage paint pattern.
Title: If you're feeling kinda funny or maybe even inspired to the things around you, give credit to The new moon. Beathe in this moment more consciously than the last as you are a new being that is capable of shaping and shifting a reality that is only known to you. Make it great and dance with this limitless potential of you. 🙏 - via Instagram: ift.tt/1pjuU7W Info: Follow a journey of adventurous metaphors; dive into the belly of self-love with unyielding trust and peace through the flow of Yoga, Meditation, Insight, Wellness, & Life. ift.tt/KhKH1x
SOL Austin: Net-Zero Capable
Photos by DeLea Becker @ Beck-Reit and Sons, Ltd.
Beck-Reit and Sons Ltd., an Austin General Contractor, has been working on sustainable construction methods since they day we started building houses. Our desire to build a better house, led us to develop the SOL (Solutions Oriented Living) subdivision in East Austin. We partnered with local architect, KRDB, to design, develop and build a net-zero capable sub-division centered around a community of 40 modern homes. Thru passive design, efficient building envelope and solar power these homes can produce more energy than they consume. The homes have been rated 4-5 star by the Austin Energy Green Building Program. SOL Austin has received national attention and has been featured in the New York Times, Metro-Homes and DIY Network’s, This New House.
This 3 bedroom, 3 bathroom home has 1538 square feet. The Master Suite features a second story balcony, and the open living, dining, kitchen floor plan is ideal for entertaining.
Capable of stripping away the exterior of the shuttle, Unified Field’s Inside Atlantis offers an x-ray view of Space Shuttle Atlantis
The successor to McDonnell's FH-1 Phantom, the F2H Banshee proved to be a fast and capable high-altitude fighter, making it the aircraft of choice to escort B-29 bombers over Korea. The airplane's official nickname derived from the fact that its engines "screamed like a banshee." To its pilots, however, it was affectionately called the "Banjo."
The F2H Banshee was McDonnell Aircraft Corporation's successor to the FH-1 Phantom, the Navy's first pure jet. Bearing a resemblance to its forbearer, the F2H outpaced it in performance, bettering its maximum speed by more than 50 mph and nearly doubling the range.
Acquisition of the F2H began in August 1948, and the aircraft began entering squadron service the following year. Banshees were capable of cruising on one engine at altitude and were very stable in operations aboard ship. They had two adverse traits, however, in that the tail section was particularly vulnerable to any stress loads beyond the manufacturer's g-load limits, and the landing gear was very fragile, precluding carrier arrested landings above recommended landing weights. Once a pilot dumped excess fuel to achieve maximum permissible weight, he was limited in passes at the deck, not a pleasant situation under adverse weather conditions.
It was the ability to operate at high-altitudes that proved to be the F2H's most valued trait. When the controversy over the Air Force's B-36 bomber erupted during the late-1940s, the high-altitude capability of the F2H was a key point in the Navy's argument against the claimed invincibility of the strategic bomber. That same performance also served well in the skies over Korea, where Banshees were the aircraft of choice for top cover escort of Air Force B-29 raids into North Korea. Advanced versions of the F2H continued to serve as the fleet's primary all-weather carrier fighter until 1959.
Accepted by the Navy on 24 July 1953, the Museum's F2H-4 (Bureau Number 126419) served in many Marine and Navy fighter and all-weather fighter squadrons and made a deployment in the carrier Coral Sea (CVA-43). Stricken from the active naval aircraft inventory in May 1962, it was assigned to the Naval Air Technical Training Center at Jacksonville, Florida, and transferred to the Museum in 1970.
www.navalaviationmuseum.org/attractions/aircraft-exhibits...
Assembled from 3 photographs.
Capable of sustained speeds of 90 mph, the J class appear to have small drivers. Perhaps dwarfed by the massiveness of the loco in general and the visual impact of the large roller bearings, the drivers are 70" in diameter (178cm). As a point of comparison, 70013 Oliver Cromwell's drivers are 74" (188cm). You can compare here: Oliver Cromwell
Built in 1950 to a design from 1941, long before 70013, the J class had a number of technologies integrated into it that escaped British engineers 20 years later: Automatic lubrication at over 200 points and roller bearings everywhere (axles, main & side rods, valve gear, wrist pins). This permitted 15,000-mile/month usage and 18month intervals between shop visits.
Update 2014: 611 is currently undergoing restroation to running order at the North Carolina Transport Museum.
DAY 2 of the Formula Ford 50th Anniversary Race Weekend and after a Really Fast Action Packed array of Cars in both Mazda and Formula Ford Racing and Qualifying on Saturday it was time for Sunday and to find out who would be Crowned the Formula Ford Champion of 2021.
AMOC GT / GT4 & Intermarque (Qualifying)
First up on the Sunday for Qualifying was The AMOC GT/GT4 Championship and with a Grid of Just 5 Cars for this One its going to be Very Interesting to see out of the 5 Drivers who Can set the Quickest Pace During Qualifying. Lets Find Out who took Pole and the Fastest Lap.
In First Place taking Pole Position and the Fastest Lap was the Duo Pair of Rikki Cann and Samuel Wilson) in their Aston Martin V8 Vantage with a Best Lap Time of 1:00.791 and a Top Speed of 71.53mph. Fantastic Work both Ricky and Rob Really Pushing the Aston Martin Hard and Gunning fort that All Important Victory come the First Race.
In Second Place was (Jamie Sturges) in his VW Golf TCR with a Best Lap Time of 1:03.245 and a Top Speed of 68.75mph. Amazing Work there Jamie Pushing that Golf and Racing it Like a Pro.
In Third Place was the Duo of (Whit and Fenn) in their Lotus Elise Motorsport with a Best Lap Time of 1:04.089 and a Top Speed of 67.85mph. Great Work there Whit and Fenn Fantastic Driving and Great Team Work.
Three Very Quick and Capable Cars in the Hands of Some Very Competitive Drivers will make for a Really Fantastic Race. With all three Cars Having Different Power Outputs it will be Interesting to see what Techniques Each of them will use to their Advantage Come the First Race.
AMOC GT / GT4 & Intermarque (Race 1)
After a Very Quick and Heated Qualifying Session which saw the Duo of Rikki Cann and Samuel Wilson Take Pole Position will Jamie and the Duo of Whit and Fenn be able to Beat them off the Line and Who Will Take Home their First Victory of the Weekend?
In First Place Taking the Victory was (Rikki Cann) in his Aston Martin V8 Vantage with a Best Lap Time of 58.194 and an Average Speed of 73.41mph. Amazing Job there Ricky Really Working Hard Behind the Wheel to Keep that Aston in the Lead Thought the Entire Race with some Beautifully Controlled Driving as well.
In Second Place was (Andy Thompson) in his Seat Toledo with a Best Lap Time of 57.893 and an Average Speed of 73.35mph. Incredible Drive there Andy Really Well Done and Making sure to hold onto that All Important Second Place.
In Third Place was (Paul Whight) in his Lotus Elise Motorsport with a Best Lap Time of 57.284 and an Average Speed of 72.75mph. Superb Drive from Paul Really Looked like he was Enjoying that Drive and Kept Pushing Hard the Whole Way around the Race Track. His Smooth Driving Through Clearways was Amazing to see.
What an Amazing First Race for the AMOC GT Championship with Many Different Cars from Many different Manufacturers Taking Part it always a Joy to see both the Cars and their Drivers Happy Doing what they Love to do. With One Last Race to go will the Likes of Rikki Cann's Teammate Samuel Wilson be able to Hold on and Get One More Victory for the Team? Lets Find Out.
AMOC GT / GT4 & Intermarque (Race 2 FINAL)
In First Place taking the Final Win of the Day for AMOC GT was (Rob Fenn) in his Lotus Elise Motorsport) with a Best Lap Time of 50.083 and an Average Speed of 83.82mph. Congratulations Rob what a Drive and What a Car Fantastic Work.
In Second Place was (Samuel Wilson) in his Aston Martin V8 Vantage with a Best Lap Time of 51.459 and an Average Speed of 80.50mph. Amazing Driving there Samuel Keeping Close to Rob on Many Occasions around the Circuit and a Cracking Overtake on Rob through Clearways.
In Third Place was (Julian Reddyhough) in his Aston Martin Vantage with a Best Lap Time of 59.552 and an Average Speed of 71.18mph. Super Driving From Julian Smooth through the Corners and Making sure to Hang onto that Third Place During the Entirety of the Race.
A Really Fantastic Two Races for the AMOC GT Championship here this Weekend while the Grid might not have been up to Full Capacity We saw the Likes of Rob Fenn Samuel Wilson Rikki Cann and Julian Reddyhough take some Incredible Victories thought the Two Races. Congratulations to All of you and Good Luck to all other Drivers who were Taking Part. Keep Pushing Hard and Victory Will Come to You.
BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship (Race 1)
Next Up was the BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship and with Saturdays Qualifying showing a Huge Grid of 35 Cars this was Definitely going to be a Fantastic Race to Witness. Lets get right to it and Find Out who Took Victory and by How Much.
In First Place taking the Victory was (Brian Trott) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 58.179 and an Average Speed of 73.82mph. Super Work there Brain Racing Against another 34 Competitors in Identical Cars and Winning takes Incredible Driver Skill and Talent and you Really Showed that During the Race. Congratulations.
In Second Place was (Oliver Allwood) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 57.532 and an Average Speed of 73.81mph. Well Done Oliver Fantastic Driving and a Really Great Defence of Second Place thought the entire Race.
In Third Place was (Zak Oates) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 58.020 and an Average Speed of 73.79mph. Really Nice Work there Zak Amazing Drive and Keeping Very Close to Oliver and Brain at the Front of the Gird thought. Brilliant Driving.
What a Race with Three Incredible Drivers in the likes of Brian Oliver and Zak All Pushing their Cars to the Limit and Achieving Superb Results for Race 1. Good Luck to all other Drivers Lets See if Race 2 of the Day Might Turn things Around.
BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship (Race 2)
After a Thrilling and Nail Biting Race 1 which saw Brian Trott take the Victory with Oliver Allwood in Second and Zak Oates in Third Place will anyone Else be able to Challenge thease Three Very Fast and Talented Drivers? Lets Find Out.
In First Place taking the Overall Victory was (Steve Foden) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 1:07.517 and an Average Speed of 63.32mph. Congratulations Steve a Well Deserved Victory and Another Brilliant Trophy to add to the Cabinet at Home. Congratulations.
In Second Place was (Oliver Allwood) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 1:07.789 and an Average Speed of 63.17mph. Brilliant Work Once Again Oliver taking Second Place and Racing with Everything you could Possibly Get out of that Car. A Future Mazda Champion in the Making no Doubt. Brilliant Drive.
In Third Place was (Luke Pullen) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 1:07.835 and an Average Speed of 63.14mph. Well Done Luke Really Fantastic Driving in Very Damp and Bright Conditions.
Another Amazing Race for the Mazda MX5 Championship with the Likes of Steve Foden Oliver Allwood and Luke Pullen all taking Incredible Victories thought Race 2 and Standing on the Podium. Keep Up the Amazing Work you Three and to Everyone Else Keep Working Towards Those Goals of Victory and Success.
With One Final Race Coming Up will Steve Foden be able to Hang on and Take Another Victory for 1st Place or will the Likes of Luke and Oliver try to Steal it away from Him? Lets Find Out.
BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship (Race 3 FINAL)
In First Place taking the Last Victory of the Day for the BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship was (Michael Knibbs) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 58.656 and an Average Speed of 72.84mph. Congratulations Michael A Very Strong Drive with a Lot of Ambition Behind the Wheel. What a Fantastic Way to End off the Weekend.
In Second Place was (Jack Brewer in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 57.970 and an Average Speed of 72.82mph. Great Drive Jack Pushing Hard and Making Sure to Keep Up with Michael at the Front of the Grid. A Very Committed and Determined Drive.
In Third Place was (Brian Trott) in his Mazda MX5 MK1 with a Best Lap Time of 58.293 and an Average Speed of 72.75mph. Well Done Brian Great Driving and it looked like you were Having a lot of Fun out there and always Remember that its the Love and the Passion that Counts not Just The Race Victory.
What a Weekend it has been for the BRSCC Mazda MX5 Championship. We Have Witnessed Many Talented Drivers from the Likes of Brain Trott and Jack Brewer to Steve Foden and Oliver Allwood as well as Zak Oates. All thease Incredible People Come Here every Year to Share their Passions for what they Love not Just with the Teams and Crew but also the Spectators. Here's to Hoping that a New Generation can be Inspired to follow in their Footsteps and Keep the Legacy of this Great Racing Series Going Now and Well into the Future.
BRSCC Mazda MX5 SuperCup Championship (Race 2)
The Mazda MX5 Super Cup Championship was next Up and after A Whole Day of Qualifying and Qualifying Second Fastest on Saturday it was time to see what Each of the Drivers could do and How they would use their Style and Race Craft to Gain a Victory. With Another Large Grid of 30 Cars Anything Can Happen and Racing always has its Moments of Unpredictability.
In First Place taking the Victory was (Declan Lee) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 1:07.272 and an Average Speed of 45.71mph. What a Drive from Declan in Very Wet and Near Impossible Visibility Conditions He Kept his Foot Down and Head up to Take an Incredible Victory. Congratulations Declan.
In Second Place was (Richard Amos) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 1:06.697 and an Average Speed of 45.70mph. Brilliant Driving there Richard Keep Pace with Declan Really Well and Navigating in Almost Blind Conditions shows Just How Incredible of a Driver you are.
In Third Place was (John Langridge) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 1:07.831 and an Average Speed of 45.68mph. Brilliant Work out there John a True Rain Master of Brands Hatch Keeping the Car on Track and some Truly Incredible Pace from you.
What an Insane Race with Wet and Rainy Weather Conditions Really Mixing the Grid Up and Showing who the Very Talented Drivers are that can Push their Machinery Beyond its Limits in the Wet and Still take Victory. Some Incredible Drivers in the likes of Declan Richard and John Braving it out there to Deliver some Truly Fantastic Wet Weather Performances. Well Done to all the other Drivers as Well thease Conditions are Always Unpredictable and Yet you All put on a Brave Face and Drive like true Gentlemen Thought.
With Race 3 The Final Race Coming up who will be able to take the Last Podium for Mazda SuperCup? Lets Find Out.
BRSCC Mazda MX5 SuperCup Championship (Race 3 FINAL)
The FINAL Race for Mazda SuperCup and with Some Incredible Racing Witnessed in the Rain in the Previous Race would this Last Race Shake things up further? Lets See.
In First Place Taking the Victory was (Jack Harding) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 56.785 and an Average Speed of 61.14mph. Super Work there Jack Taking the Victory and the Fastest Lap. Well Done.
In Second Place was (Patrick Fletcher) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 56.820 and an Average Speed of 61.05mph. Great Work there Patrick Really Great Effort and a Super Drive for Second Place.
In Third Place was (James Cossins) in his Mazda MX5 MK3 with a Best Lap Time of 56.839 and an Average Speed of 61.04mph. Amazing Driving there James Racing Hard and Holding on Tightly to that All Important Third Place Finish.
Another Incredible Set of Races from the Mazda's to Round of a Brilliant Days Racing for All Drivers Competing in the Mazda Classes. Another set of Incredible Victories for the likes of Jack Patrick and James who all showed their Talent Skill and Determination for Victory.
However We are Not Done Yet as the Grand Finale of Races for this Weekends Formula Ford Championship is Coming Up Next and After a Hectic and Very Competitive Day of both Qualifying and Racing on Saturday With Multiple Races to be Decided Who would be Crowed the Formula Ford Festival Champion?
BRSCC Formula Ford Festival (Semi Final Race 1 Result)
Here we are Now at The Semi Finals after a Very Action Packed Last Chance Race and Now with a Gird of 26 Drivers and Cars This Race as Well as Two More Will Decide the 2021 Formula Ford Champion. Lets See First Who Took Victory in Race 1 for the Semi Finals.
In First Place was (Niall Murray) in his Van Diemen BD21 with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.661 and an Average Speed of 56.48mph. Brilliant Work Niall Congratulations on P1 after a Heroic Drive.
In Second Place was (Neil McLennan) in his Spectrum KMR with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.640 and an Average Speed of 56.41mph. Superb Work there from Neil to take P2 He Really Enjoys this Track and Loves to Race as Quickly as he Can alongside his Fellow Friends and Competitors.
In Third Place was (Jamie Sharp) in his Medina Sport JL17 with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.157 and an Average Speed of 56.37mph. Congratulations Jamie a Really Fantastic Drive and Keeping Very Close to Neil During the Whole Race. Here's Hoping for an Epic Duel in the FINALE Between you two.
With the First of Two Semi Final Races Over Niall Murray is the Winner with Neil McLennan in Second Place and Jamie Sharp in Third Place. Currently Jamie Can Still Win the Championship but will both the likes of Neil and Nial try Something in Race 2 of the Semi Finals to Gain Back their Chances of Becoming Champion? Lets Find Out.
BRSCC Formula Ford Festival (Semi Final Race 2 Result)
In First Place was (Joey Foster) in his Firman 2021 with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.302 and an Average Speed of 69.96mph. Fantastic Driving Joey Really Well Done and a Super Victory for you Indeed.
In Second Place was (Oliver White) in his Medina Sport JL17 with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.124 and an Average Speed of 69.67mph. Congratulations Oliver P2 and Super Car Control During the Race and a Stunning Formula Ford.
In Third Place was (Thomas Mills) in his Spectrum KMR with a Best Lap Time of 1:01.154 and an Average Speed of 69.66mph. Fantastic Work Thomas Well Driven with Amazing Car Control and Tight through the Corners at Clearways.
Another Brilliant Final for Formula Ford with the Likes of Joey Oliver and Thomas all Taking Victories. A Huge Congratulations to Everyone Else who was also Competing in both of Thease Finals. Keep Working on the Car and Training as Much as you can To Improve Lap Times and Strike when the Moment is right on Track for Victory.
BRSCC Formula Ford Festival (GRAND FINAL) (GRAND FINAL CHAMPIONSHIP RACE RESULTS ONLY NOT OVERALL FORMULA FORD 2021 GRAND FINAL CHAMPIONSHIP RESULTS)
This is it the Grand Final of the Formula Ford Festival Race Weekend and With Jamie Sharp Being Potentially One Race away From Taking the Title it has come down to the wire and this Last Race will Determined who The New Formula Ford Grand Final Champion of 2021 is.
In First Place Taking the Grand Final Championship Crown is (Jamie Sharp) in his Medina Sport JL17 with a Best Lap Time of 50.918 and an Average Speed of 66.77mph. Congratulations Jamie a Truly Champion Like Drive to Secure The Title of 2021 Formula Ford Grand Final Champion and Some Brilliant Drives all Season for a Well Deserved Victory in Formula Ford.
In Second Place was (Maxwell Esterson) in his Ray GR18 with a Best Lap Time of 51.116 and an Average Speed of 66.76mph. A Truly Competitive Drive there Maxwell Second in The Championship Standings and Something to be Very Proud of Phenomenal Driving.
In Third Place was (Andre Castro) in his Ray GR15 with a Best Lap Time of 51.137 and an Average Speed of 66.73mph. Superb Driving there Andre with P3 in the Standings and a Well Deserved Place in Formula Ford History.
Jamie Sharp is The New 2021 Formula Ford Grand Final Champion After a Heroic Battle Thought the Season He has Emerged Victorious. Congratulations Jamie you Really Deserve This Championship and all the Hard Work you Have done has Really Paid off. Both Maxwell and Andre also Did a Phenomenal Job and together All Three of you will Make History and Inspire Future Generations to come and Have a Go at Formula Ford.
Now Lets take a Look at the Overall GRAND FINAL Championship Standings for Formula Ford 2021
In First Position was (Jamie Sharp) in his Medina Sport JL17
In Second Position was (Neil McClennan) in his Spectrum KMR
In Third Position was (Maxwell Esterson) in his Ray GR 18
The Overall Formula Ford National Championship Pro 2021 was Won by (Chris Middlehurst) in his Van Diemen LA10 with 433 Points A Really Incredible Achievement Chris and a Strong Drive Thought The Whole Season
In Second Place on 431 Points was (Alex Walker) in his Spectrum 011 Superb Job there Alex Well Deserved
In Third Place on 414 Points was (Max Esterson) in his Ray GR18 Fantastic Work Max Phenomenal Driving Thought The Season
And This Concludes The Weekend at Brands Hatch's Formula Ford 50th Anniversary Weekend. This Weekend will be Remembered for a Long Time Coming and to All The Drivers who Took the Crowns in their Respective Championships. Congratulations. To All other Drivers Keep Working at it your Time Will Come.
See You All Again Next Year for Another Competitive and no Doubt Incredible Season of Formula Ford Racing at Brands Hatch.
The grain lofts and warehouses at Custom House Docks were capable of storing 22,000 tons of grain. They were equipped with Grain Elevators, Weighing and Recording Machines, Escalators (see insert on top right-hand corner), Sack Conveyors, and Clipping and Screening Machines.
This image is taken from The Port of Dublin, Official Handbook (Dublin, Wilson Hartnell, 1926).
Read more about The Port of Dublin | Copyright Notice.
In this view RT 1702 is seen operating on route 23C in the capable hands of veteran LT driver Peter McMahon and with its proud owner Bob Wilkin standing on the platform signalling to other road users that the bus is turning left into the confines of Barking Garage. During the 1940s and 1950s all conductors and conductresses by law had to perform hand signals to other road traffic when they were standing on the platform prior to trafficators being fitted as standard to buses built from the late 1950s onwards. Even if I am working as a conductor on a Routemaster or RT on any private hire or other special duty I still perform hand signals whenever I am on the platform as they help to back up the trafficators if other road users following behind the bus may not see the trafficators clearly in strong sunshine.