View allAll Photos Tagged Calloused
99% The Epsom Salts help scrub away calloused skin while the Shea Butter soothes and softens tired, weary feet. Tea Tree Essential Oil is a natural antibacterial and antifungal oil, while the Peppermint oil has great analgesic and anesthetic effects which are great for aching feet. It furthermore has good stimulant action which is most useful as it assists and boosts blood circulation.
This direct mail solicitation from UNICEF says on the envelope, "As little as a nickel could save a child's life!" Enclosed in the envelope is an actual nickel, which, if we believe UNICEF, could have been used to save a child's life.
Either UNICEF is callous with life, or callous with the truth. I understand they are just trying (cynically) to invoke the reciprocity principle to create psychological pressure for a donation, but the implicit threat is, "Return this nickel or a child dies."
When National Lampoon did the same thing, it was a joke. But UNICEF is serious.
I actually support UNICEF, which is why they send us solicitations, but this kind of pitch is degrading to all parties.
Mailer received October, 2007.
My calloused soles after a 15km barefoot hike last year.👣 You can see the cracks and ridgelines made from all the rough surfaces they've touched.
#barefoot #barefeet #barefooter #barefootrunning #barefootwalking #barefoothiking #barefootrunner #barefooting #feet #barefootlife #alwaysbarefoot #soles #callous #callousedsoles #toughsoles #roughsoles #callousedfeet #hardsoles #dirtyfeet #dirtysoles #toughfeet #roughfeet #noshoes
A few miles later with calloused feet and immortalized memories, we were thankful for Toms and the Giving Partners and all those others who help lift the ceiling of opportunity for mankind.
Worn, calloused, battered.
Inspired by this picture:
flickr.com/photos/inkyfingerz/1120799457/
Nikon FE2
50mm f/1.4
Fuji Neopan 400
Photography Project on hands: 4 of 4
Coulter Again Favors Death for Babies Conceived in Rape
There she goes again! Ann Coulter callously dismisses life in the womb when it is conceived in rape. The book, The Gospel According to Ann Coulter (at www.coulterwatch.com/gospel.pdf) provides an analysis of her dismissal of the pro-life movement in practice and also contains an entire appendix devoted to her elimination rhetoric.
This horse is made of soap... It is called 'Written in Soap' by Korean artist Meekyoung Shin. Put up in July 2012. It seems to have lasted longer than expected...
It is of the unpopular and callous Duke of Cumberland whose infamy was due to his victory at the Battle of Culloden and its bloody aftermath, for which he was known by the nickname 'The Butcher'. His details in the current artwork did not "soften and fade" much during the year since its erection. The original statue of him was on this plinth from 1770 to 1868 when it was removed because he was so generally reviled. The plinth has stood empty from that date.
Democratic Whip Steny Hoyer (MD-05) calls on Speaker Boehner and the House Republican leadership to end their callous indifference to the nearly 3 million individuals who have lost UI since the program expired on December 28 and to #RenewUI this critical lifeline.
I new that a 24 hours tour, traveling 4 major airports is gone be a challenge, but the lucky first class upgrade gave me a perfect stage to show up my black soles in the sophisticated lounge and on a full size bed & white sheet prepared surrounding. No wonder my dick showed a slightly bigger size in the morning. But it was only the beginning as the next hours would mark my soles to the highest level.
Name: Spiriah
Gender: Male
Species: Makuta
Powers: Shadow, 42 Kraata Powers
Mask: Kanohi Volitak, Mask of Stealth
Weapons: Claw Pincers
Personality: Sadistic, Callous, Patient
The last of the mocs I'll post from last summer, from now on, it's more recent newer stuff! Even though he is one of the older mocs from last summer he is the one I am most satisfied with. I wanted to build a Makuta that just looked terrifying, and I think I accomplished that. I love this guy's torso, and his legs. He is also one of my most stable mocs.
revocation of conditional release
psychopath test pclr
please score yourself 0 1 2 3 on each of the 20 items and record your score as a comment on the total score image
The PCL-R is a clinical rating scale (rated by a psychologist or other professional) of 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses glib and superficial charm, grandiosity, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, callousness, poor behavioral controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility for one's own actions and so forth. The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offence and probability of rehabilitation.
The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists four factors (1.a, 1.b, 2.a, and 2.b), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R[5] listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
PCL-R Factors 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to antisocial personality disorder and criminality and are associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. The target group for the PCL-R is convicted criminals. The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright.
[edit] The two factorsFactor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Pathological lying
Cunning/manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric)
Callousness; lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle".
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral control
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Early behavior problems
Revocation of conditional release
Traits not correlated with either factor
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships
Criminal versatility
Acquired behavioural sociopathy/sociological conditioning (Item 21: a newly identified trait i.e. a person relying on sociological strategies and tricks to deceive)
Early factor analysis of the PCL-R indicated it consisted of two factors. Factor 1 captures traits dealing with the interpersonal and affective deficits of psychopathy (e.g. shallow affect, superficial charm, manipulativeness, lack of empathy) whereas Factor 2 dealt with symptoms relating to antisocial behaviour (e.g. criminal versatility, impulsiveness, irresponsibility, poor behaviour controls, juvenile delinquency).
The two factors have been found by those following this theory to display different correlates. Factor 1 has been correlated with narcissistic personality disorder, low anxiety, low empathy, low stress reaction and low suicide risk but high scores on scales of achievement and well-being. In addition, the use of item response theory analysis of female offender PCL-R scores indicates factor 1 items are more important in measuring and generalizing the construct of psychopathy in women than factor 2 items.
In contrast, Factor 2 was found to be related to antisocial personality disorder, social deviance, sensation seeking, low socio-economic status[6] and high risk of suicide. The two factors are nonetheless highly correlated and there are strong indications they do result from a single underlying disorder. However, research has failed to replicate the two-factor model in female samples.
Recent statistical analysis using confirmatory factor analysis by Cooke and Michie indicated a three-factor structure, with those items from factor 2 strictly relating to antisocial behaviour (criminal versatility, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, early behavioural problems and poor behavioural controls) removed from the final model. The remaining items are divided into three factors: Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style, Deficient Affective Experience and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioural Style.
In the most recent edition of the PCL-R, Hare adds a fourth antisocial behaviour factor, consisting of those Factor 2 items excluded in the previous model. Again, these models are presumed to be hierarchical with a single unified psychopathy disorder underlying the distinct but correlated factors.
The Cooke & Michie hierarchical ‘three’-factor model has severe statistical problems—i.e., it actually contains ten factors and results in impossible parameters (negative variances)—as well as conceptual problems. Hare and colleagues have published detailed critiques of the Cooke & Michie model. New evidence, across a range of samples and diverse measures, now supports a four-factor model of the psychopathy construct,] which represents the Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and overt Antisocial features of the personality disorder.
Diagnostic criteria and PCL-R assessmentPsychopathy is most commonly assessed with the PCL-R, which is a clinical rating scale with 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point (0, 1, 2) scale according to two factors. PCL-R Factor 2 is associated with reactive anger, anxiety, increased risk of suicide, criminality, and impulsive violence.
PCL-R Factor 1, in contrast, is associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning). A psychopath will score high on both factors, whereas someone with APD will score high only on Factor 2.
Both case history and a semi-structured interview are used in the analysis.
promiscuous sexual behaviour
psychopath test pclr
please score yourself 0 1 2 3 on each of the 20 items and record your score as a comment on the total score image
The PCL-R is a clinical rating scale (rated by a psychologist or other professional) of 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses glib and superficial charm, grandiosity, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, callousness, poor behavioral controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility for one's own actions and so forth. The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offence and probability of rehabilitation.
The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists four factors (1.a, 1.b, 2.a, and 2.b), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R[5] listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
PCL-R Factors 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to antisocial personality disorder and criminality and are associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. The target group for the PCL-R is convicted criminals. The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright.
[edit] The two factorsFactor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Pathological lying
Cunning/manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric)
Callousness; lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle".
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral control
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Early behavior problems
Revocation of conditional release
Traits not correlated with either factor
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships
Criminal versatility
Acquired behavioural sociopathy/sociological conditioning (Item 21: a newly identified trait i.e. a person relying on sociological strategies and tricks to deceive)
Early factor analysis of the PCL-R indicated it consisted of two factors. Factor 1 captures traits dealing with the interpersonal and affective deficits of psychopathy (e.g. shallow affect, superficial charm, manipulativeness, lack of empathy) whereas Factor 2 dealt with symptoms relating to antisocial behaviour (e.g. criminal versatility, impulsiveness, irresponsibility, poor behaviour controls, juvenile delinquency).
The two factors have been found by those following this theory to display different correlates. Factor 1 has been correlated with narcissistic personality disorder, low anxiety, low empathy, low stress reaction and low suicide risk but high scores on scales of achievement and well-being. In addition, the use of item response theory analysis of female offender PCL-R scores indicates factor 1 items are more important in measuring and generalizing the construct of psychopathy in women than factor 2 items.
In contrast, Factor 2 was found to be related to antisocial personality disorder, social deviance, sensation seeking, low socio-economic status[6] and high risk of suicide. The two factors are nonetheless highly correlated and there are strong indications they do result from a single underlying disorder. However, research has failed to replicate the two-factor model in female samples.
Recent statistical analysis using confirmatory factor analysis by Cooke and Michie indicated a three-factor structure, with those items from factor 2 strictly relating to antisocial behaviour (criminal versatility, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, early behavioural problems and poor behavioural controls) removed from the final model. The remaining items are divided into three factors: Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style, Deficient Affective Experience and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioural Style.
In the most recent edition of the PCL-R, Hare adds a fourth antisocial behaviour factor, consisting of those Factor 2 items excluded in the previous model. Again, these models are presumed to be hierarchical with a single unified psychopathy disorder underlying the distinct but correlated factors.
The Cooke & Michie hierarchical ‘three’-factor model has severe statistical problems—i.e., it actually contains ten factors and results in impossible parameters (negative variances)—as well as conceptual problems. Hare and colleagues have published detailed critiques of the Cooke & Michie model. New evidence, across a range of samples and diverse measures, now supports a four-factor model of the psychopathy construct,] which represents the Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and overt Antisocial features of the personality disorder.
Diagnostic criteria and PCL-R assessmentPsychopathy is most commonly assessed with the PCL-R, which is a clinical rating scale with 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point (0, 1, 2) scale according to two factors. PCL-R Factor 2 is associated with reactive anger, anxiety, increased risk of suicide, criminality, and impulsive violence.
PCL-R Factor 1, in contrast, is associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning). A psychopath will score high on both factors, whereas someone with APD will score high only on Factor 2.
Both case history and a semi-structured interview are used in the analysis.
Warm sunshine, soles in contact with the damp earth and heather in full bloom. Perfect day for a long barefoot hike!
Results of going barefoot on lots of streets, sidewalks, shedrows. driving barefoot, etc have made my soles hard, rough, and tough and even calloused as you can see in this photo
Forget what I said about my callouses. Tim's are way worse. Giant crusts on his palm accumulated after doing this type of workout stuff for a couple of years now. His callouses have to be managed. Last night he had to make a little duct tape sandwich and cover over them because they were not in good shape.
I've taken my thoughts back to last January compared and contrasted. I can't redo what's been done, said and written. Everything that happened to me, like it or not I've grown a callous on my back from it. I had to make myself detatch and let go, and I thought I was done doing that two years ago. What I knew then doesn't compare to what I know now. I said goodbye licked my wounds and sucked it up. I picked my dragging body up. 2009 has exhausted me. I don't think 2010 will be any less. I want to expect even more to come through this year. If it's hard, I'll find a way to see something good. It's started out just fine. The beginning of things are always so quiet. Maybe if I get to know it before anyone else I'll be able to weasle my way through up to the top of this year and if I do. . . I'll stay there :]
It has been nearly two months since I have attended any anti-Trump rallies. The news of Trump's pardoning of Sheriff Arpaio and his callous, insensitive tweets over Hurricane Harvey has prompted me to post a few shot I didn't get around to post here on Flickr. I had been attending so many rallies that there was hardly time to prep them on Photoshop before attending the next one, or something else interesting was happening.
This is from the end of the Tax Day Rally. I am in front of City Hall. The women in the background were dancing, although I forget what the music was they were dancing to.
many short tern marital relationships
psychopath test pclr
please score yourself 0 1 2 3 on each of the 20 items and record your score as a comment on the total score image
The PCL-R is a clinical rating scale (rated by a psychologist or other professional) of 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses glib and superficial charm, grandiosity, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, callousness, poor behavioral controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility for one's own actions and so forth. The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offence and probability of rehabilitation.
The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists four factors (1.a, 1.b, 2.a, and 2.b), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R[5] listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
PCL-R Factors 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to antisocial personality disorder and criminality and are associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. The target group for the PCL-R is convicted criminals. The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright.
[edit] The two factorsFactor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Pathological lying
Cunning/manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric)
Callousness; lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle".
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral control
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Early behavior problems
Revocation of conditional release
Traits not correlated with either factor
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships
Criminal versatility
Acquired behavioural sociopathy/sociological conditioning (Item 21: a newly identified trait i.e. a person relying on sociological strategies and tricks to deceive)
Early factor analysis of the PCL-R indicated it consisted of two factors. Factor 1 captures traits dealing with the interpersonal and affective deficits of psychopathy (e.g. shallow affect, superficial charm, manipulativeness, lack of empathy) whereas Factor 2 dealt with symptoms relating to antisocial behaviour (e.g. criminal versatility, impulsiveness, irresponsibility, poor behaviour controls, juvenile delinquency).
The two factors have been found by those following this theory to display different correlates. Factor 1 has been correlated with narcissistic personality disorder, low anxiety, low empathy, low stress reaction and low suicide risk but high scores on scales of achievement and well-being. In addition, the use of item response theory analysis of female offender PCL-R scores indicates factor 1 items are more important in measuring and generalizing the construct of psychopathy in women than factor 2 items.
In contrast, Factor 2 was found to be related to antisocial personality disorder, social deviance, sensation seeking, low socio-economic status[6] and high risk of suicide. The two factors are nonetheless highly correlated and there are strong indications they do result from a single underlying disorder. However, research has failed to replicate the two-factor model in female samples.
Recent statistical analysis using confirmatory factor analysis by Cooke and Michie indicated a three-factor structure, with those items from factor 2 strictly relating to antisocial behaviour (criminal versatility, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, early behavioural problems and poor behavioural controls) removed from the final model. The remaining items are divided into three factors: Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style, Deficient Affective Experience and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioural Style.
In the most recent edition of the PCL-R, Hare adds a fourth antisocial behaviour factor, consisting of those Factor 2 items excluded in the previous model. Again, these models are presumed to be hierarchical with a single unified psychopathy disorder underlying the distinct but correlated factors.
The Cooke & Michie hierarchical ‘three’-factor model has severe statistical problems—i.e., it actually contains ten factors and results in impossible parameters (negative variances)—as well as conceptual problems. Hare and colleagues have published detailed critiques of the Cooke & Michie model. New evidence, across a range of samples and diverse measures, now supports a four-factor model of the psychopathy construct,] which represents the Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and overt Antisocial features of the personality disorder.
Diagnostic criteria and PCL-R assessmentPsychopathy is most commonly assessed with the PCL-R, which is a clinical rating scale with 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point (0, 1, 2) scale according to two factors. PCL-R Factor 2 is associated with reactive anger, anxiety, increased risk of suicide, criminality, and impulsive violence.
PCL-R Factor 1, in contrast, is associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning). A psychopath will score high on both factors, whereas someone with APD will score high only on Factor 2.
Both case history and a semi-structured interview are used in the analysis.
The natural purity of walking barefoot. Being in touch with the textures of the earth is something so special. Love barefooting!
It seems as if the younger half of the present generation believes either that the Holocaust did not happen or, on the other extreme, that Adolph Hitler was the creator of anti-Semitism.
Unparalleled as it was for defining satanically-generated evil, the calloused mass murder of six million Jews (and millions of others) by the Nazis during World War II was not the beginning of anti-Semitism. Hatred for the Jews was alive and well in Europe long before Hitler was a gleam in his grandmother’s eye.
When the Romans destroyed Jerusalem, the capital of Israel, in 70 AD, the Jews scattered as refugees, a nation without a home, a people with no place to go. They remained wherever they found refuge. They tended to drift in groups and thus established small communities within the countries where they had chosen to reside.
They may have escaped the slaughter of the Romans, but they have never escaped abuse. Although the actual term “anti-Semitism” was not coined until the late 19th century, the indignities (far too polite of a word) that the Jews suffered were the same before and after. The new terminology did not cause their plight to change in the least.
During the Middle Ages the Jews suffered, being labeled by members of the Roman Catholic clergy as “the murderers of Christ.” The label was thus applied not only to the crowds calling for His crucifixion, but to all Jews thereafter. The “Christian clergy” seemed to have overlooked the fact that Jesus said that He laid down His own life that He might take it up again (John 10:17). The Jews were, therefore, treated as an already condemned race of people. The consequence was that the Jews were blamed for everything that went wrong, including economic crises, pestilence, and even the Plague, which broke out in 1348, a long time before Hitler.
Hitler was not the first to require the Jews to wear a badge to identify themselves. As early as the Lateran Council of 1215 AD it was decreed that the Jews had to wear a distinctive mark, such as a yellow patch, so as to ensure that there would be no intimate relations between Jews and Christians.
No, it did not start with the Holocaust. Persecution has been the plight of the Jews for centuries. Nothing has changed. They have always faced threats and the actual end of the spear. Pour out your hearts in prayer for these people, chosen by God, replaced by no one, and carrying out His plan to re-gather in their homeland. Pray for the peace of Jerusalem (Psalm 122:6).
For more on this story, visit: Jerusalem Prayer Team Articles.
1968 Cadillac Calais - the "entry level" model for that year.
As seen in Lincoln Square this afternoon.
(I have my friend Roanne to thank for alerting me to this beautiful, old Cadillac. :) )
In memory of the Sea Monkees who I so callously killed. Total accident, but I knocked their tank onto the floor.
pathalogical lyingpsychopath test pclr
please score yourself 0 1 2 3 on each of the 20 items and record your score as a comment on the total score image
The PCL-R is a clinical rating scale (rated by a psychologist or other professional) of 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point scale according to specific criteria through file information and a semi-structured interview. A value of 0 is assigned if the item does not apply, 1 if it applies somewhat, and 2 if it fully applies. In addition to lifestyle and criminal behavior the checklist assesses glib and superficial charm, grandiosity, need for stimulation, pathological lying, conning and manipulating, lack of remorse, callousness, poor behavioral controls, impulsivity, irresponsibility, failure to accept responsibility for one's own actions and so forth. The scores are used to predict risk for criminal re-offence and probability of rehabilitation.
The current edition of the PCL-R officially lists four factors (1.a, 1.b, 2.a, and 2.b), which summarize the 20 assessed areas via factor analysis. The previous edition of the PCL-R[5] listed two factors. Factor 1 is labelled "selfish, callous and remorseless use of others". Factor 2 is labelled as "chronically unstable, antisocial and socially deviant lifestyle". There is a high risk of recidivism and currently small likelihood of rehabilitation for those who are labelled as having "psychopathy" on the basis of the PCL-R ratings in the manual for the test, although treatment research is ongoing.
PCL-R Factors 1a and 1b are correlated with narcissistic personality disorder and histrionic personality disorder. They are associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning).
PCL-R Factors 2a and 2b are particularly strongly correlated to antisocial personality disorder and criminality and are associated with reactive anger, criminality, and impulsive violence. The target group for the PCL-R is convicted criminals. The quality of ratings may depend on how much background information is available and whether the person rated is honest and forthright.
[edit] The two factorsFactor 1: Personality "Aggressive narcissism"
Glibness/superficial charm
Grandiose sense of self-worth
Pathological lying
Cunning/manipulative
Lack of remorse or guilt
Shallow affect (genuine emotion is short-lived and egocentric)
Callousness; lack of empathy
Failure to accept responsibility for own actions
Factor 2: Case history "Socially deviant lifestyle".
Need for stimulation/proneness to boredom
Parasitic lifestyle
Poor behavioral control
Lack of realistic long-term goals
Impulsivity
Irresponsibility
Juvenile delinquency
Early behavior problems
Revocation of conditional release
Traits not correlated with either factor
Promiscuous sexual behavior
Many short-term marital relationships
Criminal versatility
Acquired behavioural sociopathy/sociological conditioning (Item 21: a newly identified trait i.e. a person relying on sociological strategies and tricks to deceive)
Early factor analysis of the PCL-R indicated it consisted of two factors. Factor 1 captures traits dealing with the interpersonal and affective deficits of psychopathy (e.g. shallow affect, superficial charm, manipulativeness, lack of empathy) whereas Factor 2 dealt with symptoms relating to antisocial behaviour (e.g. criminal versatility, impulsiveness, irresponsibility, poor behaviour controls, juvenile delinquency).
The two factors have been found by those following this theory to display different correlates. Factor 1 has been correlated with narcissistic personality disorder, low anxiety, low empathy, low stress reaction and low suicide risk but high scores on scales of achievement and well-being. In addition, the use of item response theory analysis of female offender PCL-R scores indicates factor 1 items are more important in measuring and generalizing the construct of psychopathy in women than factor 2 items.
In contrast, Factor 2 was found to be related to antisocial personality disorder, social deviance, sensation seeking, low socio-economic status[6] and high risk of suicide. The two factors are nonetheless highly correlated and there are strong indications they do result from a single underlying disorder. However, research has failed to replicate the two-factor model in female samples.
Recent statistical analysis using confirmatory factor analysis by Cooke and Michie indicated a three-factor structure, with those items from factor 2 strictly relating to antisocial behaviour (criminal versatility, juvenile delinquency, revocation of conditional release, early behavioural problems and poor behavioural controls) removed from the final model. The remaining items are divided into three factors: Arrogant and Deceitful Interpersonal Style, Deficient Affective Experience and Impulsive and Irresponsible Behavioural Style.
In the most recent edition of the PCL-R, Hare adds a fourth antisocial behaviour factor, consisting of those Factor 2 items excluded in the previous model. Again, these models are presumed to be hierarchical with a single unified psychopathy disorder underlying the distinct but correlated factors.
The Cooke & Michie hierarchical ‘three’-factor model has severe statistical problems—i.e., it actually contains ten factors and results in impossible parameters (negative variances)—as well as conceptual problems. Hare and colleagues have published detailed critiques of the Cooke & Michie model. New evidence, across a range of samples and diverse measures, now supports a four-factor model of the psychopathy construct,] which represents the Interpersonal, Affective, Lifestyle, and overt Antisocial features of the personality disorder.
Diagnostic criteria and PCL-R assessmentPsychopathy is most commonly assessed with the PCL-R, which is a clinical rating scale with 20 items. Each of the items in the PCL-R is scored on a three-point (0, 1, 2) scale according to two factors. PCL-R Factor 2 is associated with reactive anger, anxiety, increased risk of suicide, criminality, and impulsive violence.
PCL-R Factor 1, in contrast, is associated with extraversion and positive affect. Factor 1, the so-called core personality traits of psychopathy, may even be beneficial for the psychopath (in terms of nondeviant social functioning). A psychopath will score high on both factors, whereas someone with APD will score high only on Factor 2.
Both case history and a semi-structured interview are used in the analysis.
This is one of those white 'pimples' that are polymer encasement pockets, for the nano nodes, as the skin expands and it surfaces.
This expansion creates the splitting open of the pod.
What happens is that the charged quantum dot lands on the skin...it produces micro pain and the tissue retreats away, causing a pocket to form and the pain signals attract the liquid hydrogel and polymers in the body to that location via the increased nerve signal electrical activity.