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Bologna - Fontana di Nettuno vor dem Fontana di Nettuno
Palazzo d'Accursio (or Palazzo Comunale) is a palace once formulated to house major administrative offices of the city of Bologna, region of Emilia-Romagna, Italy. It is located on the Piazza Maggiore, and is the city's Town Hall. The palace is also home to the Civic Art Collection, with paintings from the Middle Ages to the 19th century; the Museo Morandi, with the works by Giorgio Morandi; and the Biblioteca Salaborsa, the town libraries.
History
The earliest structure of the Palazzo d'Accursio originally began as the residence of the jurist Accursius, but over time, it incorporated and expanded to include adjacent buildings to house civic offices. In 1336 it became the seat of the Anziani ("Elders"), the highest magistrates of the commune, and then seat of the government. In the 15th century it was refurbished under the designs of the architect Fioravante Fioravanti, who added the Clock Tower (Torre d'Accursio). The bell in the tower was installed by Gaspare Nadi. Further reconstruction occurred in the 16th century, after the fall from power of Bentivoglio family in Bologna.
In 1920, in a period of turmoil in Italy caused by the rise of the Italian Socialist Party in the wake of the end of World War I, and the initial violences of the Italian Fascist Party, numerous people were killed while a session of the local council was being held inside the palace. Some were shot by Fascist who had invaded the square in front of the palace, firing against Socialist demonstrators, and some by Socialists themselves, who inadvertently threw hand grenades against their fellows from the palace's windows. Further, when news of the massacre in the square reached the meeting, Socialist politicians shot a member of the Liberal Party who also taking part in the council, killing him, while others were also wounded.
Art and architecture
The façade features a portcullis and a Madonna with Child, a terracotta by Niccolò dell'Arca (1478) in the upper section. Over the portal is a large bronze statue of the Bolognese Pope Gregory XIII (1580). A statue in wood and gilded copper of Pope Boniface VIII, once here, is now in the Medieval Museum.
The Hall of the Communal Council, on the first floor, is where the Bolognese Senate met, and contains a gallery ceiling frescoed with Baroque-style quadratura by Angelo Michele Colonna and Gioacchino Pizzoli (1675–1677). The ceiling depicts the following scenes:
Minerva (goddess of knowledge)
Mars (god of war), who, along with Minerva, convinces Fame to trumpet the town's virtues.
Cybele (Magna Mater Goddess) pointing to the glory of Olympus, which could also be seen as a metaphor of Papal Power.
Bacchus, Pomona and Ceres, who symbolize the fertile lands of the surrounding countryside.
The Farnese Hall, on the second floor, was rebuilt in 1665 by Cardinal Girolamo Farnese: it was previously known as "Royal Hall", since in 1530, Charles V was crowned King of Italy here with the Iron Crown (the imperial coronation took place, however, in the Basilica of San Petronio). The hall was frescoed with stories of the city from the Middle Ages to the 17th century, by pupils of Francesco Albani. The Chapel has frescoes (1562) by Prospero Fontana.
(Wikipedia)
The Fountain of Neptune (Italian: Fontana di Nettuno) is a monumental civic fountain located in the eponymous square, Piazza del Nettuno, next to Piazza Maggiore, in Bologna, Italy. The fountain is a model example of Mannerist taste of the Italian courtly elite in the mid-sixteenth century.
History
The construction of the fountain was commissioned by the Cardinal Legate Charles Borromeo, to symbolize the fortunate recent election of Borromeo's uncle as Pope Pius IV. To clear space for the fountain, an entire edifice had to be demolished.
The design and assembly of the fountain was completed by the Palermitan architect Tommaso Laureti in 1563. The fountain was completed in 1565. The over-life-size bronze figure of the god Neptune was completed and fixed in place around 1566. The statue was an early design by Giambologna, who had submitted a model for the Fountain of Neptune in Florence, but had lost the commission to Baccio Bandinelli.
Description
Neptune Fountain has its base on three steps, on which it is situated a tank made of the local boulder and covered by marble of Verona. In the centre of the tank, there is a base where there are four Nereids holding their breasts, from which jets of water emerge. The base is decorated with pontifical emblems, ornaments that – connected to four cherubs – hold dolphins (which are allegorical representation of major rivers from the then-known corners of the world: the Ganges, the Nile, the Amazon River, and the Danube. In the centre of this base raises the majestic figure of the Neptune sculpted by Giambologna's; the statue is a typical expressions of the manneristic theatricality.
The Neptune stretches his left hand in a lordly gesture, appearing to be aiming to placate the waves; this posture is interpreted as symbolic exaltation of the new power of the Pope Pius IV: just as Neptune was the master of the seas, the Pope was the master of Bologna and of the world.
Inscriptions
On the four sides of the marble tank there are four inscriptions in Latin provide the background to the fountain's construction:
Fori Ornamento (to decorate the square);
Aere Publico (built thanks to public money);
Populi Commodo (built for the people);
MDLXIIII (built in 1564; the date is wrong though, since the fountain was officially finished in 1566).
The four main sources of political power for Bologna then are also inscribed on the base:
Pius IIII Pont. Max (Pope Pius IV)
Petrus Donatus Caesius Gubernator; (Governor Pier Donato Cesi)
Carolus Borromaeus Cardinalis; (Cardinal Carlo Borromeo)
S.P.Q.B. (Senatus Populusque Bonononiensis) (Senate and the People of Bologna)
Symbolism
The trident of the Neptune's statue inspired and it was used by Maserati brothers as emblem for their first car, the Maserati Tipo 26. The logo was realized in 1920 by one of the brothers, Mario Maserati, at the suggestion of a family friend, Marquis Diego de Sterlich. This is still today the logo of the Maserati car company
The fountain and its sculpture are one of the most iconic symbols of the city and references to them can be found in many symbols, commercials and logos. This includes the historical students' fraternity (Goliardia) "Excelsa Neptuni Balla", on whose emblem figure two tridents.
Copies
Several copies of the fountain exist around the world, such as in Laeken (a suburb of Brussels) commissioned by King Leopold II; in Palos Verdes Estates in California; and in Batumi in Georgia. A copy of the statue of Neptune can be found at the entrance of the Yamato Museum in Hiroshima, Japan, while a cast – made in 1907 – is kept in the Bologna's Archeological Museum.
(Wikipedia)
Der Palazzo d’Accursio ist ein Gebäudekomplex in Bologna, der heute die Stadtverwaltung beherbergt (daher auch Palazzo Comunale).
Geschichte
Ursprünglich war es der Wohnsitz des Rechtsgelehrten Accursius. 1336 wurde der Palazzo Sitz des Ältestenrats und dann Regierungssitz. Die Treppenhäuser im Inneren sind mit breiten, flachen Stufen so gestaltet, dass die Herrschaften zu Pferde im Gebäude hinaufreiten konnten.
Über dem Portal thront eine große Bronze-Statue (1580) des Papstes Gregor XIII., Initiator des gregorianischen Kalenders. Ebenfalls an der Hauptfassade zur Piazza Maggiore befindet sich auch die Terrakotta-Skulptur Madonna mit Kind (1478) von Niccolò dell’Arca. Der Architekt Fioravante Fioravanti baute im 15. Jahrhundert an den schon vorhandenen Torre Accursi aus dem 13. Jahrhundert eine Uhr an und machte ihn so zum Uhrenturm (it.: Torre dell’Orologio).
Im ersten Stock des Palazzo befindet sich der Sitzungssaal des Gemeinderates.
Der Saal im zweiten Stock hieß Königlicher Saal; dort empfing Karl V. 1530 die Eiserne Krone als König von Italien. Seine Krönung zum Kaiser erfolgte in der benachbarten Basilika San Petronio. 1665 ließ Kardinal Girolamo Farnese den Saal umbauen.
Neben der städtischen Kunstsammlung befand sich im Palazzo Comunale bis 2012 auch ein Morandi-Museum; letzteres ist heute Teil des Museums für Moderne Kunst, MAMbo. Ebenfalls zum Gebäudekomplex gehört die angrenzende Sala Borsa, eine überdachte Piazza, die im Laufe der Jahrhunderte als Botanischer Garten, Sparkasse, Sporthalle und heute als Bibliothek dient.
(Wikipedia)
Der Neptunbrunnen ist ein Brunnen im Zentrum von Bologna (Piazza Nettuno) in Italien.
Die 3,35 m hohe Statue Neptuns besteht aus Bronze und steht in der Mitte des Brunnens, umgeben von Sirenen und Delphinen. Er wird von den Bolognesern einfach nur „der Riese“ genannt. Der Brunnen wurde zwischen 1563 und 1566 von Giovanni di Bologna, auch Jean Boulogne oder Giambologna genannt, geschaffen.[ Der Sockel mit den Delphinen und Sirenen wurde von Tommaso Laureti entworfen.
(Wikipedia)
Ealing Symphony Orchestra rehearsals and concert.
Vidzemes koncertzale,
Cesis Art Festival, Latvia. 26th July 2014.
Piano: Arta Arnicane
Leader: Peter Nall
Conductor: John Gibbons.
The programme was:
Arturs Maskats, Symphonic Tango
William Alwyn, Piano Concerto No. 2
Edward Elgar, Symphony No. 1
Cēsīs, militārajā bāzē “Pipariņi” norisinās karavīra paplašinātās pirmās palīdzības karavīra-glābēja kurss, kuru organizē Zemessardzes 2. Vidzemes brigādes Medicīnas rota.
Kursa mērķis ir apgūt padziļinātas pirmās palīdzības prasmes, lai karavīrs-glābējs, strādājot bīstamās jeb karadarbības zonās, spētu sniegt palīdzību dzīvībai kritiskos stāvokļos, izmantojot medicīnisko materiālu un medikamentu komplektu. Viņu uzdevums ir nogādāt ievainotos no kaujas lauka līdz drošai zonai un veikt cietušā stabilizāciju, lai pēc tam pārvestu uz slimnīcu vai pagaidu militārās medicīnas aprūpes punktu.
Foto: Gatis Dieziņš (Aizsardzības ministrija)
Kaleidos - Dream Top Selection
Day from 04/04 to 10/05 2015
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Selected by Eleonora Bruscolini
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VK001645A - Foto autors - Valts Kleins
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