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Robynne Chutkan
CEO, Gutbliss LLC; Integrative Gastroenterologist
Mark Hyman
Head of Strategy and Innovation, Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine
Rob Knight
Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego
David Perlmutter
Executive Vice Chancellor for Medical Affairs and Dean, Washington University School of Medicine
Karen Sandell Sfanos
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Oncology, and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Professor Rui L. Reis was chosen as the 2017 recipient of the IET Harvey Engineering Research Prize for his outstanding contributions to research in the field of Medical Engineering, specifically for contributions to bioengineering, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering and biomaterials.
He presented a prize lecture on 20 March 2018, discussing his research and how the prize funding will be used to further it.
Photos courtesy of Trampenau photography - Steve Pearcy.
Entry in category 1. Object of study; © CC-BY-NC-ND: Anna Mallone
Extracellular matrix reef: cell bodies and extracellular matrix define the space, creating the illusion of a coral reef — A subaqueous surprise under the microscope.
Details: Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) - 65 x 85 µm.
Subject: human macrophages (from blood) and myofibroblasts (from umbilical vein) on the surface of a 3D-bioengineered atherosclerotic plaque on-a-chip model.
Author: Anna Mallone, PhD (Prof. Simon P. Hoerstrup's Lab)
Congratultions to @ucsandiego bioengineers and alumni, whose work on a new neuromorphic chip was published today in @nature_the_journal! You can learn more here: bit.ly/NeuRRAMchipNature
@ucsdalumni
#bioengineering #electricalengineering #AI #neuralnetworks #neuromorphiccomputing #semiconductors Pictures by David Baillot
Entry in category 1. Object of study; © CC-BY-NC-ND: Rosie Sims
Damp strips of bioengineered mosquito eggs are laid out to dry on a laboratory work surface in Medellín, Colombia. The eggs harvested in the insectary are part of a global health intervention against dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, involving the release of modified mosquitos across the city of Medellín. Despite their minuscule size, these eggs are the foundation for the whole global health intervention, as they are needed to continually produce the mosquito colony. I found an intriguing beauty in these eggs, laid out like Morse code to be deciphered. Photograph taken with a mobile phone.
Rob Knight
Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego
David Perlmutter
Executive Vice Chancellor for Medical Affairs and Dean, Washington University School of Medicine
Karen Sandell Sfanos
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, Oncology, and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
qz.com/2180542/how-china-beat-uss-gilead-to-make-an-oral-...
How China beat US pharma giant Gilead in the race to create a covid antiviral pill
Covid is not going away. Covid vaccines are not foolproof. But endless waves of mass outbreaks, deaths, and an epidemic of long covid is no solution, either. Short of of unsustainable zero-covid policies, what’s to be done?
Effective covid antiviral pills can speed up patient recovery and add to the arsenal of tools that help to prevent severe illness and death.
There are already two oral covid antiviral treatments granted emergency use authorization by the US Food and Drug Administration: Pfizer’s Paxlovid and Merck’s molnupiravir. Another covid antiviral is Gilead’s remdesivir, also authorized for emergency use.
But each has its drawbacks: Paxlovid can cause significant drug interactions for people on certain medications; molnupiravir’s mechanism of action could create new and dangerous virus mutations; and remdesivir must be administered intravenously, hindering accessibility.
Now, China is closing in on the finish line on developing its own covid antiviral pill. And it has what looks to be a promising candidate.
“Will VV116 become the hope of the whole village?”
In late May, Shanghai-headquartered biotech firm Junshi Biosciences announced results from its late-stage Phase 3 trial of VV116, an oral covid antiviral pill. While full data have not yet been released, the company said that trial results showed VV116 to be more effective than Pfizer’s Paxlovid in accelerating covid patients’ recovery.
“The results suggest that it works…what [Junshi] did was very fast and very rapid. It’s quite impressive,” said Michael Lin, a professor of neurobiology and bioengineering at Stanford. However, he noted that this particular trial was not double-blind, and that Junshi has yet to detail the relative reduction in hospitalization for trial participants who received VV116.
Junshi, which developed VV116 together with the Wuhan Institute of Virology and the Chinese Academy of Sciences as well as Suzhou-based Vigonvita Life Sciences, has submitted a preliminary application to China’s National Medical Products Administration, according to company filings (pdf, link in Chinese). That paves the way for a formal application for regulatory approval to bring VV116 to market. Uzbekistan granted emergency use authorization to VV116 late last year.
The approval process could be quick thanks to an accelerated regulatory channel for public health emergencies like covid, said Minhua Chu, vice president of intelligence researcher at Chinese biotech data tracker PharmaDJ. For instance, China’s Sinopharm covid vaccine was approved within eight days in December 2020.
If VV116 proves to be highly effective, and can be manufactured and deployed quickly and at scale in conjunction with higher vaccination rates among China’s elderly, it could help further reduce the infection fatality rate in the country. Top Chinese officials including Xi Jinping have repeatedly said that zero-covid policies are essential for protecting lives.
And even if the full data ultimately show that VV116 is not superior to Pfizer’s Paxlovid as Junshi claims, but rather show “non-inferiority or [that it] is very comparable to Paxlovid efficacy, I also think that’s a win for Junshi,” said Victoria Yan, a US-based chemist who has written extensively about covid antivirals. “And the reason why I think this is because one of the main limitations with Paxlovid is that it has significant drug…interactions.”
Yan added that prodrugs like VV116 and remdesivir, by contrast, seem less likely to have as extensive drug interactions. Prodrugs are an inactive form of a drug that is converted into the chemically active compound once inside the body.
Still, experts say the priority should be to get everyone vaccinated in China.
“Antivirals are very useful, but for viral infections like covid, they typically have to be given very early in the course of the illness to do good, and that’s not always easy,” said Benjamin Cowling, professor and chair of epidemiology at the University of Hong Kong. Having an effective antiviral like VV116 “would not necessarily change [China’s] risk assessments because we already have vaccines which can provide a pathway out of zero-covid.”
China is eyeing VV116 closely and hoping for a win, not least because zero-covid has been disastrous for its economy.
“Will VV116 become the hope of the whole village?” asked a recent article published in the state-run Economic Daily (link in Chinese).
Or as veteran investor and founder of Beijing Nanshan Investment, Zhou Yunnan, put it to the state-run Securities Daily (link in Chinese): “The three prerequisites for the gradual liberalization of China’s anti-epidemic policy are an efficient domestic vaccine, a 100% vaccination rate, and a cost-effective domestic covid drug.”
How China developed VV116
The story of how China came to develop VV116 is one of missed opportunities in the US—specifically the pharmaceutical giant Gilead.
VV116 is a patented modification of GS-441524, an antiviral drug invented and patented by Gilead. In fact, GS-441524 is similar to remdesivir, Gilead’s intravenous covid antiviral treatment; the latter just has an extra phosphate group. Research by Yan and her colleague Florian Muller argue that functionally the phosphate group means remdesivir “favors the liver over the lungs,” which “undermines its utility in the context of a primarily respiratory disease such as Covid-19.” (Cat owners also may know GS-441524 as an effective black-market cure for a fatal cat disease caused by a feline coronavirus.)
Yan was one of the few scientists who argued very early on in the pandemic that GS-441524 could be effective—if not more so than remdesivir—in treating covid.
But Gilead made no moves to take the drug to formal clinical trials. Instead, Gilead went with remdesivir, which it also patented.
Why? Yan reckons it’s partly because Gilead didn’t think GS-441524 would be “a sure-fire, safe financial investment.” Because GS-441524 was patented years before remdesivir, it has fewer reamining years of patent exclusivity.
Gilead, in an earlier statement, said it focused on remdesivir because it is in fact more effective and had already been tested in humans, and hence was faster to deploy. But accessibility is an issue: remdesivir needs to be given via intravenous drip over three days, impeding home use. Meanwhile, Gilead tried but failed (pdf, p.9) to make an inhaled version of remdesivir.
In any case, China did what Gilead would not: it bet on the efficacy of GS-441524. Chinese scientists found a creative way around Gilead’s patent, modifying GS-441524 through a process called deuteration, and filed a patent application for their new prodrug VV116 as early as April 2020. Deuteration does not fundamentally change the therapeutic properties GS-441524, but is different enough to not be covered by Gilead’s patent. Many large drug companies now also claim deuterated versions of new molecules in patent applications. It appears that Gilead neglected to do so with GS-441524.
So now China has what could be highly effective covid antiviral, built on Gilead’s building blocks that the US pharma giant decided not to deploy.
And Gilead is now playing catch-up: it is working on an oral covid tablet dubbed GS-5245. But it’s only in Phase 1 trials, far behind Junshi, with Gilead saying it “may begin” Phase 3 trials later this year.
What’s more, a Gilead spokesperson said that “[o]nce metabolized, GS-5245 works in the same way as remdesivir on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.” That would suggest that GS-5245, as an oral prodrug, is designed to deliver to a body’s cells GS-441524 — a technology that Gilead has long had access to. But Gilead did not announce a Phase 1 trial of GS-5245 until January.
Meanwhile, the US government, through the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) at the National Institutes of Health, is evaluating GS-441524 as a potential covid treatment. However, no clinical studies are active yet, according to the NCATS open data portal.
From vaccine diplomacy to VV116 diplomacy?
Gilead had a head start with GS-441524 but didn’t capitalize on it. Meanwhile, China spotted an opportunity and pounced on it. It mobilized research resources, orchestrated public-private partnerships, and quickly rolled out clinical trials for VV116 across China—an impressive feat of initiative and coordination.
Having VV116 in its arsenal gives China another advantage: it can potentially offer patients a combo treatment of its homegrown covid pill along with Pfizer’s.
While both VV116 and Paxlovid are antivirals, each target different parts of the covid coronavirus, Sars-CoV-2. Paxlovid blocks the virus’ enzyme protease, whereas VV116 and remdesivir inhibit the enzyme RNA polymerase. Protease inhibitors prevent the virus’ replication machinery from being unpacked and assembled, and replicase inhibitors jam the machinery so it cannot be used. Using both means having extra lines of defense against the coronavirus.
“In theory it would be better to combine remdesivir or VV116 with Paxlovid, and in theory it would be a great combination because they act on different mechanisms,” said Lin.
Public health isn’t a zero-sum game, of course. China’s VV116, if it can be manufactured at scale and exported worldwide, could be a boon to the global fight against covid. And it would be even better if VV116 is shown to have the ability to prevent a covid infection, said Yan.
But for better or worse, the pandemic has often been cast as a test of competing systems of governance. China locked down hard in 2020 and snuffed the outbreak within its borders; it trumpeted this victory as proof of the superiority of its authoritarian system. Then the US caught up, rolling out numerous effective vaccines as China appeared to languish in zero-covid limbo.
Now it’s become clear that vaccines alone won’t end the pandemic. Other interventions, like oral antivirals, will be crucial. And China appears to have taken a major step towards developing its own, highly effective covid pill. If China has sought to win influence through mask diplomacy and vaccine diplomacy, it seems likely they’ll want to leverage antiviral diplomacy, too.
For Yan, seeing the scientific community progress from initial skepticism of GS-441524 as a potential oral covid pill to China’s promising results for VV116 is “very rewarding.”
“I don’t want to say I’m vindicated yet, but we’re on the path towards vindication,” she said. “Everybody is. It’s a good thing for the world.”
rachel engineered a stone-age fix for our toilet with her son's pet rock.
this is what parents can expect to be proud of when they put their daughter through five years at the second-best biomedical engineering program in the country.
copyright © 2010 sean dreilinger
view toilet by flinstones - MG 2737 JPG on a black background.
JSC2006-E-02259 (27 Jan. 2006) --- Astronaut Peggy A. Whitson (foreground), Expedition 14 backup commander and NASA space station science officer, participates in a training session with the Space Linear Acceleration Mass Measurement Device (SLAMMD) in the Bioengineering and Test Support Facility at the Johnson Space Center. SLAMMD is intended to provide an accurate means of determining the on-orbit mass of humans between the 5th percentile Japanese female and the 95th percentile American male. Training instructor Lindsay Kirschner assisted Whitson.
Professor Rui L. Reis was chosen as the 2017 recipient of the IET Harvey Engineering Research Prize for his outstanding contributions to research in the field of Medical Engineering, specifically for contributions to bioengineering, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering and biomaterials.
He presented a prize lecture on 20 March 2018, discussing his research and how the prize funding will be used to further it.
Photos courtesy of Trampenau photography - Steve Pearcy.
If the bees die we lose %33 of our gross national produce. No worries, we got something on backup that we can charge you to use. it will only harvest our crops because it is searching for a unique bio luminescent signature on the crop that needs pollination. also, no stinger it's a pollen distribution nossle for my refillable pollen container. Did i mention I'm recording this conversation via video and audio?
Matt Wettergreen PhD after completion of his thesis defense at Rice University April 16, 2008. @organ_printer full set here
The Museum of the Future in Dubai is a landmark that explores how society could evolve in the coming decades using science and technology. It is located along Sheikh Zayed Road and offers a journey through possible futures, allowing visitors to bring hope and knowledge back to the present. The building itself is an architectural marvel, recognized by National Geographic as one of the most beautiful museums in the world. It has floors dedicated to distinct experiences, including immersive exhibitions on outer space resource development, ecosystems and bioengineering, and health, wellness, and spirituality.
Rob Knight
Professor, Departments of Pediatrics, Bioengineering, and Computer Science & Engineering, University of California, San Diego
photo attribution: sean dreilinger durak.org
Todd P. Coleman
Neural Interaction Lab
Todd P. Coleman is an Associate Professor in the Department of Bioengineering at UCSD. His graduate training at MIT was in electrical engineering, while his postdoctoral training at MIT was in neuroscience. Dr. Coleman directs the Neural Interaction Laboratory at UCSD, where his research group builds flexible ?tattoo electronics? for neurological monitoring and brain-computer interfaces applications. Dr. Coleman is a science advisor for the Science & Entertainment Exchange (National Academy of Sciences). His research has been featured in CNN, the New York Times, and Popular Science.
Megan Palmer Executive Director, Bio Policy and Leadership
Initiatives; Adjunct Professor, Department of Bioengineering, Stanford
University, Stanford University, USA; India Hook-Barnard, Executive Director, Engineering Biology
Research Consortium, USA; Claudia Vickers, Adjunct Professor of Synthetic Biology,
Queensland University of Technology, Australia; Jaime Yassif, Vice-President, Global Biological Policy and
Programmes, Nuclear Threat Initiative (NTI), USA; Natsai Audrey Chieza, Founder and Chief Executive Officer,
Faber Futures, United Kingdom at the World Economic Forum Global Technology Governance Retreat 2022 in San Francisco, June 20th - 23rd.
© 2022 World Economic Forum
Amanda Russo, Public Engagement Lead, World Economic Forum, Frances Balkwill, Centre Lead, Centre for Cancer and Inflammation, Queen.Mary University of London, United Kingdom, Núria Montserrat, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies.(ICREA) Research Professor, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia, Spain, Vered Padler-Karavani, Assistant Professor, George S. Wise Faculty of Life.Sciences, Department of Cell Research and Immunology, Tel Aviv University,.Israel and Jean-Pierre Bourguignon, President, European Research Council, Brussels speaking during the Session: Tackling Cancer from Within – New Perspectives at the World Economic Forum - Annual Meeting of the New Champions in Dalian, People's Republic of China 2019. Copyright by World Economic Forum / Benedikt von Loebell
The Oregon State gymnastics team supports the Sit With Me campaign. Two of their athletes are engineering students Stephanie McGregor, on the left, a senior in bioengineering and Katelyn (Kate) Ohlrich, right, a pre-civil engineering major. (Photo courtesy of Oregon State University)
UCSD assistant bioengineering professor Karen Christman (left) is helping to prepare the next generation of bioengineers.
Bioengineers in Prashant Mali's lab have developed a 3D bioprinting technique that works with natural materials and is easy to use, allowing researchers of varying levels of technical expertise to create lifelike tissues, such as blood vessels and a vascularized gut. The goal is to make human organ models that can be studied outside the body or used to test new drugs ex vivo.
Full story: jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/news_releases/release.sfe?id=2673
Photo credit: David Baillot/UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering
rachel engineered a stone-age fix for our toilet with her son's pet rock.
this is what parents can expect to be proud of when they put their daughter through five years at the second-best biomedical engineering program in the country.
copyright © 2010 sean dreilinger
view stone age engineer - MG 2741 JPG on a black background.
For use in this post about the future depicted in "The Hunger Games" series:
www.futuristmovies.com/index.php/2016/05/18/mockingjay-1-...
Usable with attribution and link to Futuristmovies.com
Dr Patrizia Camelliti, Imperial College London (Imperial College Junior Research Fellow)
This image shows human heart cells growing on a bioengineered ‘scaffold’. Cells have been stained with fluorescent molecules to identify the nuclei in blue, and the cell body, in pink.
The research behind this image involves working out the roles that different cells play in heart structure and function, and particularly the relationship between cells and their surrounding environment.
Raymond McDougall, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, Robert Judd, The Academy
Entry in category 3. Locations and instruments; © CC-BY-NC-ND: Rosie Sims
This image depicts a biologist placing human blood inside a cage of bioengineered mosquitos during feeding time. The bottles are filled with heated water to imitate human body temperature, and cotton pads imbibed with human blood are taped to the glass. The female Aedes aegypti come to feed in order to get the necessary protein to develop and lay their eggs. These mosquitos are being reared for release as part of a global health intervention against dengue, Zika, and chikungunya in Medellín, Colombia. It is intimidating to put your arm into a cage of thousands of blood-sucking insects, yet this also requires delicacy, so as to not accidentally squash any mosquito as you put your arm in and out. Blue gloves, red blood, black mosquitos, and a white laboratory – these colours marked this part of my fieldwork. Photograph taken with a mobile phone.
Professor Rui L. Reis was chosen as the 2017 recipient of the IET Harvey Engineering Research Prize for his outstanding contributions to research in the field of Medical Engineering, specifically for contributions to bioengineering, biomedical engineering, tissue engineering and biomaterials.
He presented a prize lecture on 20 March 2018, discussing his research and how the prize funding will be used to further it.
Photos courtesy of Trampenau photography - Steve Pearcy.
Site of future bioengineering building at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Taken from the 4th floor of the Davidson Library.
Bioengineers in Prashant Mali's lab have developed a 3D bioprinting technique that works with natural materials and is easy to use, allowing researchers of varying levels of technical expertise to create lifelike tissues, such as blood vessels and a vascularized gut. The goal is to make human organ models that can be studied outside the body or used to test new drugs ex vivo.
Full story: jacobsschool.ucsd.edu/news/news_releases/release.sfe?id=2673
Photo credit: David Baillot/UC San Diego Jacobs School of Engineering
Researchers Daniel Strange and Dr Michelle Oyen at the Department of Engineering making synthetic bone have turned to legendary children’s toy Lego for a helping hand.
Within the Bioengineering subject area, the group is active across a range of applications using modelling and experimental techniques to simulate cell behaviour, for example characterising cell forces and dynamics, cancer development and blood dynamics. Tissue engineering work includes development and characterisation of hydrogels and use of electro-spinning to produce micro-architectured material from a range of materials for use in bioengineering applications.
The Biomechanics group is also active in the area of Biomedical Engineering. Work on fibre-networks aims to exploit magnetic actuation to improve bone tissue growth on prosthetic implants, while biomechanics principles are used to understand the mechanical properties of arteries, placental membranes and skin.
Ishan Patel, OSU bioengineering student, is developing an assay for blood clot risk in collaboration with Dr. Owen J.T. McCarty at the Oregon Health & Science University. (Photo: Jan Sonnenmair)
photo attribution: sean dreilinger durak.org
Todd P. Coleman
Neural Interaction Lab
Todd P. Coleman is an Associate Professor in the Department of Bioengineering at UCSD. His graduate training at MIT was in electrical engineering, while his postdoctoral training at MIT was in neuroscience. Dr. Coleman directs the Neural Interaction Laboratory at UCSD, where his research group builds flexible ?tattoo electronics? for neurological monitoring and brain-computer interfaces applications. Dr. Coleman is a science advisor for the Science & Entertainment Exchange (National Academy of Sciences). His research has been featured in CNN, the New York Times, and Popular Science.
view Todd Coleman - Where Will the Chips of Tomorrow Take Us? - TEDxS on a black background.