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Cabbage White (Pieris canidia canidia)
Butterfly Biodata:
Genus: Pieris Schrank, 1801
Species: canidia Linnaeus, 1768
Subspecies: canidia Linnaeus, 1768
Wingspan of Adult Butterfly: 45-55mm
Caterpillar Local Host Plant: Cleome rutidosperma (Capparaceae, common name: Purple Cleome, Fringed Spiderflower).
Pieris canidia, commonly called the Indian cabbage white, is a Pierid butterfly common and widely distributed in India. Pieris rapae is one of the closest species in the Pieridae family.
The wings are mostly white, and dusted in black (more heavily so in the basal areas of both fore- and hindwings).
18, Jan, 08' 士林官邸, Taipei, Taiwan
genus is Euonymus of family Celastraceae, with inferior ovary, fleshy capsule, and seeds covered by orange arils usually woody several evergreen species but temperate ones are deciduous a relative.
衛矛 別名: 箭羽 / 鬼箭羽 的帶翅嫩枝或枝翅
味: 苦.寒 行血通經 / 散瘀止痛 用治月經不調. 產後瘀血 / 跌打損傷腫痛
大葉南蛇藤黃色的蒴果成熟後會裂成三瓣，露出橘色的假種皮(像龍眼、荔枝白白的果肉其實就是假種皮)，有光澤。近看像橘子，不可以吃。 biodata.tesri.gov.tw/wildplant/ 搜尋 大葉南蛇藤
中草藥彩色圖鑑(二) p.130
Fathers day present :-)
Biodata module that is part of a Chameleon Arch
Focus stacked in Affinity photo
🎉 Week 26 a Different POV
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Plain Tiger (Danaus chrysippus chrysippus)
Butterfly Biodata:
Genus: Danaus Kluk, 1802
Species: chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758
Subspecies: chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758
Wingspan of Adult Butterfly: 65mm
Caterpillar Local Host Plant: Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae, common name: Giant Milkweed), Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae, common name: Blood Flower).
Physical Description of Adult Butterfly:
Above, the forewings are orangey brown with a series of white spots in a broad black apical border. The hindwings have a narrow dark border and a few black spots featured at both the cell edge and end-cell. In form chrysippus, the hindwings are orangey brown, but in form alcippoides, the hindwings are almost white throughout. The male has a subtornal brand on the hindwing just below vein 3. Underneath, the wings are similarly marked as per the upperside but with apical border orangey brown on the forewing, and wing margins marked with a series of prominent and white marginal spots.
Field Observations of Butterfly Behaviour:
Both forms of the Plain Tiger can be found in Singapore with form alcippoides being the more common of the two. This species is typically found where its host plants are cultivated. Such locations include HortPark, butterfly trails, butterfly gardens in schools and housing estates and even certain park connectors. The adults typically visits flowers in the vicinity of its host plant and has a fondness for sap exuded by Crotalaria spp.
Early Stages:
Caterpillars of Plain Tiger feed on leaves of its host plants, Giant Milkweed and Blood Flower, both of the Asclepiadaceae family (the Milkweed family).
The eggs of the Plain Tiger are laid singly on the leaf of the host plant, typically on the underside. The milky white egg is shaped somewhat like a bullet-head (diameter: 0.95mm, height: 1.3mm). The egg surface is ribbed with ridges running longitudinally. The micropyle sits atop.
The egg takes about 2.5-3 days to hatch. The young caterpillar emerges by eating away part of the egg shell. The rest of the egg shell becomes the first meal for the newly hatched, which has a length of about 2.2mm. Its cylindrical body is mostly white with a yellowish undertone, and has a fair number of short fine setae. The large head capsule is black in color and there is a small black patch at the posterior end. A pair of short sub-dorsal protuberances can be found on each of the following four segments: 1st and 2nd thoracic segments, 2nd and 8th abdominal segments. Of these, the prothoracic pair is black in color and the remaining pairs in orangey brown. The thoracic legs and prolegs are all black in color.
Once the newly hatched moves on to feed on leaf lamina over the next few hours, its body starts to take on a green undertone. The growth is rather rapid with the body length doubling to about 4.5mm in 1.5 day, and after just 1.5 to 2 days from hatching, it moults to the 2nd instar. Towards the final hours of the 1st instar, the last three pairs of protuberances turn dark brown and pairs of oval-shaped yellow spots appear on the dorsum from the 2nd thoracic segment to the 8th abdominal segment.
The body of the 2nd instar caterpillar is whitish in ground color. One obvious change is the lengthening of those black protuberances on the 2nd thoracic segment, 2nd and 8th abdominal segments The pair of protuberances on the 1st thoracic segment remains subdued in size. A diffused yellow band runs sub-spiracularly. The subdorsal paired yellow spots are embedded in dark patches which extend laterally to the subspiracular yellow band. Noteworthy is that there is only one (rather than two) elongated yellow dorsal spot on the 9th abdominal segment. The black head capsule now has a triangular white patch on the frons and a prominent white arch. This instar lasts only 1 to 1.5 days with the body length reaching 9mm before the moult to the 3rd instar.
The 3rd instar caterpillar is similar in appearance to the 2nd instar caterpillar, One obvious change is in the three pairs of processes which are proportionately longer. The head capsule also has an outer white arch at the rear periphery. This instar takes about 1-1.5 days to complete with body length reaching about 12mm.
Retaining very much the same body features from the previous instar, the 4th instar caterpillar distinguishes itself in having proportionately longer processes, with the mesothoracic pair the longest and having a strong tendency to flex forward. This instar lasts 2 days with the body length reaching about 21mm.
The 5th and final instar appears similar to the previous two instars but again with proportionately longer and filamentous processes, particularly so for the mesothoracic pair. All six processes now have a crimson coloration at the basal portion.
The 5th instar lasts for 2-3 days, and the body length reaches up to 42mm. On the last day, the caterpillar ceases feeding, and its body becomes shortened and decolorized, most notably in the yellow and crimson coloration. It wanders around in search of a pupation site. Typically it comes to a halt on a branch/stem or a leaf underside, where the caterpillar spins a silk pad from which it soon hangs vertically to take on the pre-pupatory pose.
After about 5 days of development, the pupal skin turns translucent as the development within the pupal case comes to an end. The prominent white spots on the forewing upperside also become discernible. The following day, the adult butterfly emerges from the pupal case.
[Credit: butterflycircle.blogspot.sg/]
Ketika sedang menikmati liburan di Lombok model majalah dewasa Baby Margaretha (31) mengungkapkan pernah diajak untuk berkencan bersama seorang pria yang juga berprofesi sebagai model, Ia diiming-imingi bayaran yang cukup menggiurkan oleh sang pria model tersebut. Mendengar tawaran tersebut Ba...
berita24.com/baby-margaretha-diajak-kencan-dengan-bayaran...
Public art commission for Høgskolen i Oslo og Akershus (HiOA), shown on a LED video wall located outside a lecture hall.
These are renderings of protein structures, using standard scientific visualization techniques that have been radically stylized.
I'm using Open Source Jmol visualization tool to generate and render the geometry. A custom application interface written in Processing interacts with Jmol using its arcane scripting system.
The art consultant on the project was Ståle Stenslie. Works by two other artists are also shown in rotation.
Lagu alamat palsu saat ini sangat dikenal banyak orang diberbagai kalangan. Tetapi tentu saja hal ini tidak lari dari penyanyinya, yaitu Ayu Ting Ting. Seorang penyanyi dangdut yang sangat booming karena tembang dangdut nya yang berjudul alamat palsu. Sejak lagunya itu terdengar oleh banyak...
HMol: Video sequences rendered using Jmol, an Open Source visualization tool for biodata. Protein structures (PDB) are treated as "found" data objects, and explored as formal constructs.
Public artwork for LED wall at Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA), commissioned by Public Art Norway (KORO.) I'd like to thank art consultant Stahl Stenslie for his support.
For Hashim, who hates macros and craves deep-dish pizza.
(Zachary's Pizza. This was the San Ramon location, during lunch with AyeshaD - but I'm linking to the College Ave. location because they are more awesome. The end.)
Acara Pesbuker ANTV kali ini kedatangan tamu yang ditunggu-tunggu pecinta serial TV India yaitu para Pemain Uttaran yakni Nandish sandhu, Tina Dutta, Rashami Desai, dan Pratima Kannan yang tiba di Jakarta, khusus untuk menemui para penggemar di Tanah Air.
Pada Acara Pesbuker kali ini serial...
berita24.com/ayu-ting-ting-dan-nandish-sandhu-uttaran-mesra/
Bunga Zainal - bunga zainal photoshoot - behind scene Bunga Zainal - penasaran mau tahu seperti apa nasi bakar ala bunga zainal? ] penampilan terbaru bunga zainal kurus dan tirus! Biodata Terbaru Bunga Zainal 2015 untuk Pemeran Utama Pria dan Wanita Terpuji diraih Lukman Sardi dalam film RINDUKU CINTAMU dan Bunga Zainal film KOQ GITU SIH Home Music Bunga Zainal Dan Ben Joshua 23 yang menampilkan Bunga Zainal dan Dimas Anggara Bunga zainal dan suami · Contact us about this article FTV FULL MOVIE INDONESIA BUNGA ZAINAL FTV SCTV BUNGA ZAINAL FULL MOVIE TERBARU Ftv bunga zainal dan vino g bastian video free download for android, iphone, smart phone and mobile phone belasan kilo menghilang dari tubuh bunga zaenal - cumicam 05 agustus 2015. Pobierz Sejumlah Selebriti Senang Pamer Kekayaan Demi Eksistensi - Obsesi 13 Mei 2015 w jakości 320 kbps dibully di instagram, bunga zainal angkat bicara. bunga zainal kena pelet,jadi istri kedua bos ph. entertainment news - bunga zainal bisnis spa. seperti apa kebenaran tentang rumor pernikahan bunga zainal yang membuatnya harus rela jadi istri kedua? Watch video Film Terbaru Eza Gionino Dan Bunga Zainal 2015 Hd and download video Film Terbaru Eza Gionino Dan Bunga Zainal 2015 Hd mp4 Untuk pemeran utama pria dan wanita terpuji diraih Lukman Sardi dalam film Rinduku Cintamu dan Bunga Zainal film Koq Gitu Sih Quote from: netty on January 01, 2008, 03:39:54 am ---mau liat bunga zainal dan ben joshua Description: FTV Bunga Zainal Dan Dimas Anggara All About Jamilah Bunga zainal dan suami · Jual Smart Detox di Medan Petisah Kota Medan Sumatera Utara Jambu Di Pohon Jambu Ricky Harun Jatuh Cinta Manis Rasanya - Ricky Harun Full Movie 2014 ftv ricky harun sctv bunga zainal full movie Ftv Sctv Full 2014 Ft bunga zaenal belum yakin untuk pernikahan. Sejumlah Selebriti Senang Pamer Kekayaan Demi Eksistensi - Obsesi 13 Mei 2015 bunga zainal sudah menikah dan memiliki anak? Film Terbaru Eza Gionino dan Bunga Zainal 2015 HD - Selama Menyaksikan Film Terbaru Eza Gionino 2015 Terbaru classic Wanita Terpuji diraih dan Bunga Zainal film KOQ GITU SIH nonton Infotainment Hot Shot kemudian dilanjut oleh FTV Pagi Dibintangi Oleh Bunga Zainal Dan Ben Joshua kemudian gue nonton FTV Itu Selain Bunga Zainal dan Dimas Anggara, ada nama Ramzy yang berperan jadi Umar ← Kloter pertama embarkasi makassar · Bunga zainal dan suami → FTV SCTV BUNGA ZAINAL FULL MOVIE TERBARU 07:06 Download Video Sejumlah Selebriti Senang Pamer Kekayaan Demi Eksistensi - Obsesi 13 Mei 2015 - Download 3GP - MP4 - FLV wapindo Subscribe For More 7 Spot: www.youtube.com/channel/UC53iKioZgQUM3OV3flZP45A youtu.be/231zff_NXGM
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
NRIMB is one of the trusted Bengali Brahmin Matrimony sites for Indian as well as NRIs. Just submit your matrimony biodata to contact Bengali Brahmin community brides or grooms instantly. Register now.
Shell flowr, Shell ginger--月桃 科別: 薑科
學名: Alpinia zerumbet (Persoon) B. L. Burtt & R. M. Smith/ Alpinia speciosa（Wendl.）K. Schum. non Dietr. 薑科(Zingiberaceae)月桃屬(Alpinia) 別名: 豔山薑、玉桃、良薑、草荳蔻、虎子花。Bassiyan(泰雅)、Garto(排灣)用途：1.觀賞、插花花材用：花朵似翩翩飛舞的蝴蝶，非常搶眼。2.莖狀的葉鞘，曬乾後編製成草蓆或做繩索；又用月桃葉包粽子；用種子做「仁丹」。3.蝴蝶幼蟲的食草：有三種蝴蝶的幼蟲以月桃維生，其中黑 蝶及大白紋 蝶食用它的葉片，而白波紋小灰蝶則取食它的花序。4.藥用：性味：種子(月桃子、本砂仁)：辛、澀、溫。效用：種子：燥熱袪寒，除痰截瘧，健脾暖胃。治心腹冷痛、胸腹脹滿、痰濕積滯、嘔吐腹瀉。5.自股以來月逃就深深具有民俗味歐昔日農家用月桃的葉鞘曬乾後編織成草蓆繩索: 又月桃葉包粽子 biodata.tesri.gov.tw/wildplant/
台灣野花365天春夏篇 p184
Butterfly Biodata:
Genus: Danaus Kluk, 1802
Species: chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758
Subspecies: chrysippus Linnaeus, 1758
Wingspan of Adult Butterfly: 65mm
Caterpillar Local Host Plant: Calotropis gigantea (Asclepiadaceae, common name: Giant Milkweed), Asclepias curassavica (Asclepiadaceae, common name: Blood Flower)
Steven William Diisukan Dekat dengan Celine Evangelista
“Anak Jalanan” sepertinya sedang menyiapkan kejutan baru untuk penggemarnya. Kru “Anak Jalanan” baru saja mengunggah video behind the scene sinetron ini. Tak biasa, video itu menunjukkan Boy (Steven William) sedang ...
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
Michael P. Anderson Memorial - Dorothy Fowler created this 8 foot high, 600 pound bronze sculpture of Anderson. She decided on his pose after talking to his family; kneeling, in space uniform, helmet on his knee and a dove in his hand. There are three significant meanings in his pose, according to Fowler; “the kneeling position - humility; the uplifting arm and heavenward gaze - faith; releasing a dove of peace - inspiration.
The inscription is quote from Michael "This is wanted to do since I was a little kid. If you apply yourself, work hard to be persistent, and don't give up, you can achieve anything you want to achieve."
Michael P. Anderson (Lieutenant Colonel, USAF), NASA Astronaut - Born December 25, 1959, in Plattsburgh, New York, but considered Spokane, Washington, to be his hometown. Died on February 1, 2003 over the southern United States when Space Shuttle Columbia and her crew perished during entry. Graduated from Cheney High School in Cheney, Washington, in 1977. Bachelor of science degree in physics/astronomy from University of Washington, 1981. Master of science degree in physics from Creighton University, 1990 (Michael P. Anderson NASA biography).
Kabar terbaru dari Chiko Jeriko mantan kekasih Laudya Chintya Bella sempat menghebohkan media sosial ketika ia memposting foto kebersamaannya dengan Chelsea Islan di sebuah tempat liburan di Seminyak Bali.
Dalam beberapa foto yang dipamerkan oleh kedua media sosial masing-masing terlihat mereka...
berita24.com/mesra-chiko-jeriko-dan-chelsea-islan-dikabar...
Nurulku.com – Penasaran bukan seperti apa sih Profil Biodata Raline Shah? Siapa sih yang ga kenal dengan Artis Raline Shah yang punya wajah cantik ini. Karena kecantikannya bahkan banyak yang meganggap kalua Raline Shah merupakan Artis Tercantik Indonesia. Mungkin akan timbul banyak...
Baca selengkapnya di : Entertainment
HMol: Video sequences rendered using Jmol, an Open Source visualization tool for biodata. Protein structures (PDB) are treated as "found" data objects, and explored as formal constructs.
Public artwork for LED wall at Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences (HiOA), commissioned by Public Art Norway (KORO.) I'd like to thank art consultant Stahl Stenslie for his support.
Voice Star Christina Grimmie Ditembak Mati saat Konser di Orlando
Christina Grimmie, penyanyi yang pernah berkiprah dalam kontes menyanyi The Voice, meninggal dunia akibat ditembak sesudah menggelar konser di Orlando, Negara Bagian Florida, Amerika Serikat. Berita duka ini datang dari jagad i...
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
Nurulku.com – Pasti penasaran dong seperti apa Biodata Amanda Manopo? Artis Cantik Indonesia yang masih ABG ini mulai terkenal belakangan ini. Hal ini lantaran banyaknya gossip yang beredar mulai dari amanda manopo dan esa sigit, amanda manopo dan angga yunanda hingga yang paling terbaru...
Lihat selanjutnya di : Entertainment
In 2002 Hans Bruno Lund introduced the concept
"Multicomplex Management (MCM)" as a platform
for a new series of management concepts and tools,
e.g. "Expected Creative Potential (ECP)", desig-
ned as personal tools for the CEO of large, multicom-
plex organizations in addition to the traditional mana-
gement concepts and tools.
Literature:
Lund, Hans Bruno
Multicomplex Management (MCM)
Version 3
CD-ROM, 741 colored illustrations
Hans Bruno Lund
Skodsborg
Denmark
2009
A multicomplex organization:
Organization Structure Model used: Nordic Industrial Fund - Nordic Council of Ministers - Bio & Chemistry Division (BCD) - Division REI-activities (Research / Education / Innovation): 5 programmes: NordFood, Nordic Wood, NordPap, NordBio and NordYeast; 748 projects; 6.000 participating private and public companies, institutions, organizations and agencies in 62 countries. BCD connected 180.000 researchers, operators, engineers, technicians and company, organization and agency executives (1998). BCD was - in combination with NordTek (the organization managing the cooperation of the 23 Nordic technical universities) - the largest industrial and technological REI-network in Northern Europe. BCD was a 27.000 ECP Organization connecting 278.000 people totalling 2.7 million ECP.
Hans Bruno Lund
Contact: hansbrunolund@hotmail.com
Pictures to Multicomplex Management (MCM): 1, 2, 3, ... , 16.
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Pictures:
Picture 1 - 9 on Page 1
Picture 10 on Page 2
Picture 11 - 12 on Page 6
Picture 13 - 15 on Page 7
Picture 16 on Page 8
Multicomplex Management (MCM) is explained in Picture 2.
Expected Creative Potential (ECP) is explained in Picture 2.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FOUR CATEGORIES OF ORGANIZATION STRUCTURES
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
The above mentioned concepts and tools are part of an ongoing project “Multicomplex Management (MCM)”.
In “Multicomplex Management” we divide organizations into four categories according to their total ECP:
SIMPLE ORGANIZATIONS
Total ECP ranging from 0.1 to approx. 100.
SEMICOMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS
Total ECP ranging from approx. 100 to approx. 1.000.
COMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS
Total ECP ranging from approx. 1.000 to 10.000.
MULTICOMPLEX ORGANIZATIONS
Total ECP exceeding 10.000.
=====================================================
MULTICOMPLEX MANAGEMENT MCM ON THE WEB
=====================================================
MULTICOMPLEX MANAGEMENT (MCM) ON THE WEB:
1.Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP on Flickr - Photo Sharing!
- 2 besøg - 13. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Organization Structure Model used: Nordic Industrial Fund - Nordic Council of Ministers - Bio & Chemistry Division (BCD) - Division REI-activities (Research ...
www.flickr.com/photos/29891216@N05/3265568769/ - 146k - Cached - Lignende sider
2.Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure on ...
- [ Oversæt denne side ]
Organization Structure Model used: Nordic Industrial Fund - Nordic Council of Ministers - Bio & Chemistry Division (BCD) - Division REI-activities (Research ...
www.flickr.com/photos/29891216@N05/3268329157/ - 169k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra www.flickr.com »
3.MCM
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) See: flickr Hans Bruno Lund Hans Bruno Lund's Photostream Picture: Multicomplex Management (MCM); Picture 1 Organization ...
www.slideshare.net/hundige/mcm-1072269 - 50k - Cached - Lignende sider
4.Multicomplex Management (MCM) - The Photography Network ...
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Photography social network featuring photo sharing, interactive forums, blogging, personalized profiles, and free endless photo storage.
www.picturesocial.com/photo/multicomplex-management-mcm-1 - 30k - Cached - Lignende sider
5.MULTICOMPLEX :: Directorul Feed-uri Xirincs (v. beta)
- 2 besøg - 15. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
www.picturesocial.com/photo/multicomplex-management-mcm-3, Photography • 1 • Multicomplex Management (MCM) by Hans Bruno Lund ... Info . ...
feeds.xirincs.ro/tag/web/no/multicomplex - 74k - Cached - Lignende sider
6.Multicomplex Management (MCM) :: Directorul Feed-uri Xirincs
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Despre www.picturesocial.com/photo/multicomplex-management-mcm-3.
feeds.xirincs.ro/url/1924629/~picturesocial~com~photo~multicomplex~manag... - 58k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra feeds.xirincs.ro »
7.Hans Bruno Lund | ResearchGATE
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Research field since 2002: Decision Making Models in Multicomplex Management Structures. Consulting - Areas of Expertise: Management; Board Management; ...
www.researchgate.net/profile/Hans_Bruno_Lund - Lignende sider
8.The World's Best Photos of complex and network. Flickr Hive Mind ...
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure (Hans Bruno ... Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4 (Hans Bruno Lund) Tags: wood people ...
fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/complex,network - 58k - Cached - Lignende sider
9.Medical Informatics
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Multicomplex management (mcm) picture 3 by Hans Bruno Lund taken on 07 Feb 09. Tags: wood, people, food, lund, forest, germany, paper, münchen, education, ...
unjobs.org/tags/medical-informatics/photos - 23k - Cached - Lignende sider
10.Division Of Labour
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Multicomplex management (mcm) picture 1 organization structure by Hans Bruno Lund taken on 10 Feb 09. Tags: wood, people, food, lund, forest, germany, ...
unjobs.org/tags/division-of-labour/photos - 23k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra unjobs.org »
11.Dr. Hans Bruno Lund - Management Consultant - Skodsborg - Denmark
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Research field since 2002: Decision Making Models in Multicomplex Management Structures. Consulting - Areas of Expertise: Management; Board Management; ...
- 18k - Cached - Lignende sider
12.benchmarking: Blogs, Photos, Videos and more on Technorati
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. 61 days ago by Hans Bruno Lund • blue bench(marking). 366 days ago by naftalina007 ...
technorati.com/photos/tag/benchmarking - 50k - Cached - Lignende sider
13.fresenius Tag Page
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Multicomplex Management … Picketing… Picketing man… Preview of Computer-Informationen • Studie - ERP für Einzel-, Auftrags- und Variantenfertiger ...
technorati.com/tag/fresenius - 64k - Cached - Lignende sider
14.Top100.Biz Search brings you business organization information.
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... green jobs now • icc_world_business_organization • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Fall term, 4th year business ...
www.top100.biz/search/business+organization - 9k - Cached - Lignende sider
15.Hans Bruno Lund (Open Library)
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Research field since 2002: Decision Making Models in Multicomplex Management Structures. Background: Dipl.-Ing.(FH) / Wirtschaftsingenieur (Chemie), ...
openlibrary.org/a/OL1697938A - 9k - Cached - Lignende sider
16.Creative Writing - top creative writing programs Photos
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... Safety Forum s Public Support South London Press • Dr Ed D BILL COSBY Comedian Actor Producer and Activist • Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 2 ECP ...
languageisavirus.com/articles/creative-writing/photos/index.php?search=top+creative+writing+programs - 35k - Cached - Lignende sider
17.Creative Writing - phd in creative writing Photos
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Presenting Doc Jaspy • Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 2 ECP • CITP Students Meeting Charlie Gordon in his LOEB office • Polyphonia • Jens Hauser ...
languageisavirus.com/articles/creative-writing/photos/index.php?search=phd+in+creative+writing - 25k - Cached - Lignende sider
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18.Search - Management
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the Centre for Water Resources Development and Management (CWRDM... View Image View Website. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 ...
www.myeweb.net/search/?cat=web&sub=image&qr=Manag... - 53k - Cached - Lignende sider
19.Maersk Air | Semantics Analyzer | SemantalyzR
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Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 3 • OY MMM • C FTTW Winnipeg 06Jul86 • Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 4 • 3x Star Air B767 300F at CGN ...
semantalyzr.com/term/flickr/Maersk-Air - 26k - Cached - Lignende sider
20.M F K Fisher | Semantics Analyzer | SemantalyzR
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Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 4 • 13 365 • Vietnam War Memorial • Bungay WW2 • pressed work on the cover of M. F. K. Fisher cookbook ...
semantalyzr.com/term/flickr/M-F-K-Fisher - 26k - Cached - Lignende sider
21.Hans Bruno Lund - Google Profile
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Research field since 2002: Decision Making Models in Multicomplex Management Structures. Background: Dipl.-Ing.(FH), Munich; Dipl.Org., Copenhagen; Tekn. ...
www.google.com/profiles/113741066218660602576 - 10k - Cached - Lignende sider
22.list of high protein foods
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Twenty Reasons Why Porridge Is The Ultimate Health Food. ...
nortmanfoods.com/list-of-high-protein-foods.html - 20k - Cached - Lignende sider
23.Hans Bruno Lund - Management Consultant - XING
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Research field since 2002: Decision Making Models in Multicomplex Management Structures. Background: Dipl-Ing.(FH), Wirtschaftsingenieur (Chemie), ...
www.xing.com/profile/HansBruno_Lund - 37k - Cached - Lignende sider
24.Nokia 760 i unlock Nokia 760 i unblock Nokia 760 i deals online ...
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
I'm Sorry? but ... Image(760) • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • New Media Centre (center) ...
www.unlockmobilephone.co.uk/Nokia+760+i - 34k - Cached - Lignende sider
25.wherewedot.com Entries RSS . All Rights Reserved.
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
... and Archiving Division, • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Serious Games For Improving Business Process Management ...
76.163.20.58/business-process-management.html - 8k - Cached - Lignende sider
26.Discount Software Mall - medical software Photos
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... Silk Information Systems • Medical Error Reduction Program • Caseyatwork • new water • Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 1 Organization Structure ...
discountsoftwaremall.com/photos/index.php?search=Medical+Software - 21k - Cached - Lignende sider
27.Nix-e Musik Video
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • 19/365 Let • Professor Hirofumi (Hiro) Fukushima, Shinshu University, Japan, ...
www.mp3-bazar.com/photos/p_artist/Enzyme%20X - 21k - Cached - Lignende sider
28.Kari Peitsamo Musik Video
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Musiikkitalo:"korurasia" - Music Hall:"Jewel Box", modell, ...
www.mp3-bazar.com/photos/p_artist/Juhani - 22k - Cached - Lignende sider
29.Akom II, Sud, Cameroon - Maps and Local Information
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. See All Akom Ii Photos. Nearby Places. Ekowong • Efoulan • Efoulen • Efulen • Nkomakak ...
www.citymaphq.com/cameroon/sud/akom_ii.html - 11k - Cached - Lignende sider
30.Dow Ab, Dovvom, Iran - Maps and Local Information
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Wall Street • Kevin Humphrey • The Antilles • AB 7345 aa • MO 851 ab • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • AB 7345 ab • AB Dow ...
www.citymaphq.com/iran/dovvom/dow_ab.html - 16k - Cached - Lignende sider
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31.articles on business operations analysis
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Veteran's Memorial Park • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Masivo cordón humano contra cierre del Pueblito Paisa • tribune ...
gorillabiscuits.net/articles-on-business-operations-analysis.html - 33k - Cached - Lignende sider
32.Welcome to Tanning Bed City - tanning private areas news | tanning ...
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Cameron Arizona Monument Marker for Tanner's Crossing on the Mormon Trail • United States ...
www.tanningbedcity.com/tanning/tanning+private+areas - 11k - Cached - Lignende sider
33.Articles of Organization
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... a selection committee to a usually assigned what they a group is that of the has to of guilt legal juries. [2]. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 ...
signalessays.com/Articles+of+Organization/ - 36k - Cached - Lignende sider
34.company research - prevedi - Engleski-Hrvatski Rječnik : Dict ...
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Hyla versicolor • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP • Multicomplex Management ...
dict.susjed.com/index.php?lang=en_hr&word=company%20research - 22k - Cached - Lignende sider
35.Secretary General - prevedi - Engleski-Hrvatski Rječnik : Dict ...
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... Order Of Romans • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP • Multicomplex Management ...
dict.susjed.com/index.php?lang=en_hr&word=Secretary%20General - 24k - Cached - Lignende sider
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36.Frank Gutzeit - Personen / Infos zu Name Frank Gutzeit - Personen ...
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 3 - 3260967942_3d64ba3c10_s flickr. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4 - 3194734933_fdaaed4150_s ...
www.yasni.de/person/gutzeit/frank/frank-gutzeit.htm - 123k - Cached - Lignende sider
37.Rena Hoffmann - Personen / Infos zu Name Rena Hoffmann - Personen ...
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4 - 3194734933_fdaaed4150_s flickr. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 3 - 3260967942_3d64ba3c10_s ...
www.yasni.de/person/hoffmann/rena/rena-hoffmann.htm - 112k - Cached - Lignende sider
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38.Lars Sievert - Personen / Infos zu Name Lars Sievert - Personen ...
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure - 3268329157_55426d9827_s flickr. Markierte Ergebnisse als Personen-Profil speichern [?] ...
www.yasni.ch/person/sievert/lars/lars-sievert.htm - 43k - Cached - Lignende sider
39.Thomas Bote - Personen / Infos zu Name Thomas Bote - Personen ...
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure - 3268329157_55426d9827_s flickr. tennessee williams - 3308714761_4696b214fe_s ...
www.yasni.ch/person/bote/thomas/thomas-bote.htm - 41k - Cached - Lignende sider
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40.Amazing Islam - Photo Gallery
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
My Idstein • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP • Multicomplex Management (MCM) ...
amazingislam.com/photos.html?tag=Idstein - 17k - Cached - Lignende sider
41.Amazing Islam - Downloads
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Truck Full of Rocks - Kabul, Afghanistan • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP ...
amazingislam.com/downloads.html?tag=Revenue - 18k - Cached - Lignende sider
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42.Klaus Aker - Personen / Infos zu Name Klaus Aker - Personen ...
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Keine Ergebnisse. 20080311_074643 - 2370135840_820cd6b9fd_s flickr. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure - 3268329157_55426d9827_s ...
www01.yasni.de/person/aker/klaus/klaus-aker.htm - 77k - Cached - Lignende sider
43.Oskar Henkel - People / info about name Oskar Henkel - yasni.com ...
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure - 3268329157_55426d9827_s flickr. Save marked results to a new profile [?] ...
www.yasni.com/person/henkel/oskar/oskar-henkel.htm - 46k - Cached - Lignende sider
44.Ida Hoffmann Hoffmann - People / info about name Ida Hoffmann ...
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grace, miss kittin, em pinheiros - 2422693480_fa09902ccb_s flickr. Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure - 3268329157_55426d9827_s ...
www.yasni.com/person/hoffmann/ida+hoffmann/ida+hoffmann-h... - 47k - Cached - Lignende sider
45.Automobile Guy » automotive market research
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{ Dj tiesto} free advertising (free advertising) "free advertising" Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure Tata Tano World Cheapest ...
www.automobileguy.com/automotive-market-research - 9k - Cached - Lignende sider
46.Application Control Management System on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... David Lambert Photography. by thisand. ...
info.kosmix.com/topic/application%20control%20management%20system - 75k - Cached - Lignende sider
47.Danmarks Tekniske Universitet on Kosmix
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... 150S north. by milgrammer • Lyngby,Denmark. by Kalkun ...
education.kosmix.com/topic/Danmarks_Tekniske_Universitet - 60k - Cached - Lignende sider
48.Higher Technological Institute on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Forest Research Institute Of Malaysia (FRIM). by azzupho. ...
education.kosmix.com/topic/Higher_technological_institute - 58k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra education.kosmix.com »
49.Application Lifecycle Management on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr » • News & Blogs » • Google Blog Search from Google ...
business.kosmix.com/topic/application%20lifecycle%20management - 81k - Cached - Lignende sider
50.Organization Structure on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP. by Hans Br.. ...
business.kosmix.com/topic/Organization_structure - 76k - Cached - Lignende sider
51.Centers Recycling Statistics
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure • The 2004 Utica Tornado Story - Part 3 of 3 • Human Body • Youtube Videos ...
daymix.com/Centers-Recycling-Statistics/ - 56k - Cached - Lignende sider
52.Ulstein Group on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4. by Hans Br... Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 3. by Hans Br... Mayfair Resolution at anchor off Bangor ...
engineering.kosmix.com/topic/Ulstein_Group - 53k - Cached - Lignende sider
53.Adsorption on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr ». Featured Topics Related To Adsorption ...
engineering.kosmix.com/topic/Adsorption - 93k - Cached - Lignende sider
54.My Online Business Resource Website - network marketing Photos
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
... http www web2upgrade com jteoma • Multicomplex Management MCM Picture 1 Organization Structure • Proximity Based marketing and a free book iJumpTV 49 ...
buildyourfuturefromhome.com/photos/index.php?search=network-marketing&page=15 - 24k - Cached - Lignende sider
55.The Software Outlet » compare project management software
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
BillQuick.com • Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP by Hans Bruno Lund • Boeing B1-B Lancer by jamesdale10. Bookmark it: Valid CSS :: Valid XHTML ...
software-outlet.info/Project-Management-Software/blog/compare-project-management-software.html - 21k - Cached - Lignende sider
56.International Organisations in Europe on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Mary Robinson (1994). by Council... Refik and his daughters at home ...
www.kosmix.com/topic/International_organisations_in_Europe - 56k - Cached - Lignende sider
57.BMC Health Services Research on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4. by Hans Br... Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 3. by Hans Br... More from Flickr » ...
health.kosmix.com/topic/BMC_Health_Services_Research - 65k - Cached - Lignende sider
58.Creative Environmental Networks on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Where I've Been Lately 2008. by Thomas ... future promise. by aardvark. ...
health.kosmix.com/topic/Creative_Environmental_Networks - 72k - Cached - Lignende sider
59.Swedish Space Corporation on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 4. by Hans Br... Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 3. by Hans Br... ... Helan g r sjung hoppfalderahurrah . ...
technology.kosmix.com/topic/Swedish_Space_Corporation - 73k - Cached - Lignende sider
60.Energy Biosciences Institute on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Gobleisation: Global Goble. by dullhunk • More from Flickr » ...
technology.kosmix.com/topic/Energy_Biosciences_Institute - 79k - Cached - Lignende sider
61.Part 91 Operator on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Gorbachev at WAN lunch, Moscow. by wpfphotos • Boeing B-47 Stratojet ...
society.kosmix.com/topic/Part_91_operator - 88k - Cached - Lignende sider
62.Chemistry of Materials on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Oxford Dictionary of Chemistry. by lwtclea... Chemistry. by absingla ...
science.kosmix.com/topic/Chemistry_of_Materials - 77k - Cached - Lignende sider
63.International Programme on Chemical Safety on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... North Lincoln Fire & Rescue District #1. by crosstr... More from Flickr » ...
science.kosmix.com/topic/International_Programme_on_Chemical_Safety - 75k - Cached - Lignende sider
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64.Food Technology on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Microbiology/chemistry. by gwhiteway • micro chip technology in food ...
food.kosmix.com/topic/Food_technology - 100k - Cached - Lignende sider
65.Environmental Effects of Meat Production on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Soon to be outlawed ? by ronkh • Cloneburgers won't come with warnings ...
food.kosmix.com/topic/Environmental_effects_of_meat_production - 66k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra food.kosmix.com »
66.Methods in Molecular Biology on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... The Ecology of Freedom. by Compute... Free Alan Johnston. by dAVIDb1 ...
media.kosmix.com/topic/Methods_in_Molecular_Biology - 95k - Cached - Lignende sider
67.Element Management Systems on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Parking Lot Management System. by emddudley • Metro Technology Centers ...
computers.kosmix.com/topic/Element_management_systems - 58k - Cached - Lignende sider
68.Structure of Management Information on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Structure BIM Modeling. by bim4dse... Building Information Modeling ...
computers.kosmix.com/topic/Structure_of_Management_Information - 60k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra computers.kosmix.com »
69.Genetic Recombination on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr » • Videos » • YouTube Videos from YouTube ...
agriculture.kosmix.com/topic/Genetic_recombination - 117k - Cached - Lignende sider
70.Aquaculture Engineering on Kosmix
- 3 besøg - 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Animal Science Blog - February 16, 2009, 10:24 PM CT When fish. by MIRIAM . ...
agriculture.kosmix.com/topic/Aquaculture_engineering - 104k - Cached - Lignende sider
71.Mobility Management on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... The Nomads' Simple Life. by Hamed S... Nomadic Camping. by Hamed S.. ...
arts.kosmix.com/topic/Mobility_management - 62k - Cached - Lignende sider
72.the Private Secretary on Kosmix
- 29. apr - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... by Maxsimus • LADLI - The loved one! -00240. by Social . ...
books.kosmix.com/topic/The_Private_Secretary - 60k - Cached - Lignende sider
73.Value Network Analysis on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... lianzacon06 Report Back Slide 9. by Timothy... More from Flickr » ...
thought.kosmix.com/topic/Value_network_analysis - 60k - Cached - Lignende sider
74.Public Sector Knowledge Management on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 2 ECP. by Hans Br... THE BASILICA CISTERN / YEREBATAN SARNICI. by CengiZ ... Gold Against Life in Mali (Ben Heine) ...
thought.kosmix.com/topic/Public_sector_knowledge_management - 66k - Cached - Lignende sider
Flere resultater fra thought.kosmix.com »
75.Environmental Effects of Fishing on Kosmix
- 00.01 - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr » • Videos » • Truveo Video Search from Truveo ...
environment.kosmix.com/topic/Environmental_effects_of_fishing - 114k - Cached - Lignende sider
76.Structure of the Human Body on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Co-existence - only 1 in 10 of our cells is human. by chrisjo. ...
leisure.kosmix.com/topic/Structure_of_the_human_body - 145k - Cached - Lignende sider
77.Genetic Recombination on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... DNA Notebook (IMG_4418). by S_w_i_d... DNA Notebook (IMG_4419). by S_w_i_d. ...
history.kosmix.com/topic/Genetic_recombination - 96k - Cached - Lignende sider
78.Regulation of Gene Expression on Kosmix
- 00.01 - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr ». Featured Topics. Kosmix.com • Conversations » ...
history.kosmix.com/topic/Regulation_of_gene_expression - 111k - Cached - Lignende sider
79.Gene Expression Programming on Kosmix
- 00.02 - [ Oversæt denne side ]
Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Choices... by jurvetson • Aquinas lecture 2007 mcmullen group. by gervo18. ...
construction.kosmix.com/topic/Gene_expression_programming - 70k - Cached - Lignende sider
80.Academy of Management on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Woodward Academy LEED Certified middle school campus. by Ecos En.. ...
home.kosmix.com/topic/Academy_of_Management - 61k - Cached - Lignende sider
81.H NMR on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... { .. } by [ Fashi... Pisgah-NMR 001. by brado1 • Pisgah-NMR 005. by brado1 ...
law.kosmix.com/topic/H_NMR - 88k - Cached - Lignende sider
82.Chemical Kinetics on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr » • Shopping » • eBay Auctions from eBay ...
people.kosmix.com/topic/Chemical_kinetics - 104k - Cached - Lignende sider
83.Utilization Management on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Biodata of Mrs.Farzana Panhwar. by farzana. ...
finance.kosmix.com/topic/Utilization_management - 65k - Cached - Lignende sider
84.Philip Allen (politician) on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... More from Flickr ». Kosmix. Home » • Feeling Browsy? ...
politics.kosmix.com/topic/Philip_Allen_(politician) - 61k - Cached - Lignende sider
85.Basic Research on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... Purple LED lights, apparently... by kriegsman ...
nature.kosmix.com/topic/Basic_research - 90k - Cached - Lignende sider
86.Genetic Operators on Kosmix
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Multicomplex Management (MCM) Picture 1 Organization Structure. by Hans Br... globo gym. by jamie.l... More from Flickr » ...
nature.kosmix.com/topic/Genetic_operators - 102k - Cached - Lignende sider
Literature
Lund, Hans Bruno
Multicomplex Management (MCM)
Version 3
CD-ROM, 741 colored illustrations
Dr. Hans Bruno Lund, Management Consultant
Skodsborg
Denmark
2009
Not available in libraries
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
Gadis di luar sana yg berminat jadi model dan muncul dlm majalah sila emelkan biodata dan beberapa keping foto anda berlainan pose kpd
pancamodel@yahoo.com.my
Anda yg terpilih akan dipanggil utk sesi penggambaran foto dan layak mendpt byrn penat posing drp kami sebanyak RM150. Syaratnya anda mesti cntik, berani dan berfikiran terbuka.
Setelah resmi berpacaran selama 15 bulan Taylor Swift akhirnya putus dengan Calvin Harris. Putusnya hubungan tersebut membuat Taylor Swift menjadi patah hati. Kabar putusnya Calvin dan Taylor cukup mengejutkan sebab selama ini kedua pasangan tersebut tampak begitu romantis dan massa ketika...
berita24.com/dicampakkan-calvin-harris-taylor-swift-bikin...
Pasangan yang sedang Kasmaran Chiko Jeriko dan Chelsea Islan kerapkali diperbincangkan oleh netizen. Kedekatan kedua bintang film ini kian hari kian berhembus kencang hal tersebut terungkap pada media sosial masing-masing ketika mereka memamerkan kemesraan.
Saat itu Ciko bersama Chelsea terlihat...
berita24.com/chelsea-islan-pasang-foto-mesra-bersama-chic...
Bunga Cantik di Tengah Padang Rumput
Siapa di antara anda yang belum pernah mendengar pepatah yang mengatakan “Tak kenal maka tak cinta?”. Tentu semuanya sudah pernah mendengarnya, baik pada waktu pelajaran peribahasa di Mata Ajaran Bahasa Indonesia atau dalam pergaulan sehari-hari karena pepatah ini kerap kali digunakan orang. Sekarang, malah ada sedikit perubahan dan penambahan kata dalam pepatah tersebut. Yaitu menjadi "Tak Kenal Maka TaÂ’aruf."
Berbedakah keduanya ?
Dari kedua kalimat tersebut, sebenarnya ada perbedaan arti meski hanya sedikit dan tipis sekali. Taruh sebuah permisalan. Jika anda bertemu dengan seseorang yang tidak anda kenal sama sekali, tentu anda ingin mengenalnya lebih jauh dan keinginan untuk mengenalnya itu begitu kuat muncul dalam diri anda. Anda ingin tahu siapa namanya, dimana dia tinggal, apa kegiatannya dan segala sesuatu yang menyelingkupi kehidupan teman baru anda itu. Dalam kondisi seperti ini maka pepatah ‘yang baru’ akan diterapkan, “Tak Kenal Maka TaÂ’aruf.”
Tahukah anda bahwa sebenarnya dalam proses perkenalan itu telah terjadi sebuah proses lain yang juga berkembang dalam diri kita. Yaitu sebuah proses pemilahan kelompok teman. Pada waktu kita mulai melancarkan rangkaian pertanyaan padanya tanpa kita sadari yang kita cari adalah kesamaan dan kesesuaian dalam beberapa hal yang sekiranya akan menjadi perekat perkenalan tersebut.
“Eh.. suka baca buku nggak ?” atau “Oh, kamu tinggal disana yah ? Hmm, aku punya teman di sana, kenal sama A nggak yah, dia tinggal di blok Z.”
Proses perekat hubungan inilah pada banyak orang diartikan sebagai sebuah proses “Tak Kenal maka Tak Cinta.”. Tidak ada yang menyadari bahwa sebenarnya tidak melulu arti pemahaman sebuah perkenalan akan berakhir dengan sesuatu yang manis seperti yang diharapkan dalam pepatah tersebut. Ada kalanya, setelah sebuah perkenalan terjadi, lalu pengenalan diri masing-masing berlanjut pada hal yang lebih jauh, sebuah hubungan ‘perkenalan’ bisa jadi ikut berakhir pula seiring dengan perpisahan yang terjadi dalam sebuah pertemuan. Mengapa hal ini bisa terjadi?
Sudah menjadi sebuah kebutuhan manusia untuk dapat memperoleh kepercayaan dan rasa aman dalam dirinya. Inilah yang terjadi dalam proses pemilahan kelompok teman yang baru kita kenal. Yup. Ada sebuah proses lain dalam sebuah perkenalan yang tanpa kita sadari telah menggiring kita untuk melakukan sebuah pemilahan yang sangat bersifat subjektif karena kebutuhan kita akan rasa percaya dan dan rasa aman tersebut.
Tanpa kita sadari kita mulai melakukan pemilahan dan pencarian data apakah dia cukup bermanfaat sebagai seorang teman ataukah tidak, ada sebuah istilah yang mungkin lebih pas tapi konotasinya pada beberapa orang mungkin menyakitkan telinga yang sensitif, yaitu “seberapa pantas orang yang baru anda kenal itu bisa menjadi teman anda”.
“Seberapa pantas…”, terdengar sangat arogan dan tidak bersahabat yah? Tapi meski terdengar sangat tidak sopan, memang itulah yang sesungguhnya terjadi dalam sebuah proses perkenalan. Dalam alam pikiran sederhana, bagaimana mungkin kita akan bisa meletakkan rasa percaya kita pada seseorang yang tidak kita kenal? Dalam alam pikiran sederhana, bagaimana mungkin kita akan merasa aman pada seseorang yang tidak kita kenal? Sekali lagi, dalam alam pikiran sederhana, bagaimana mungkin kita akan memberikan rasa sayang, rasa cinta kita pada seseorang yang tidak kita kenal. Bukankah “Tak kenal maka Tak Cinta ?”
Dan disinilah letak ketertakjubanku pada peristiwa yang aku alami yang justru membuatku berpikir, tidak selamanya mungkin sebuah pertemuan dengan seseorang yang kita belum kita kenal akan melahirkan keinginan untuk ta’aruf, dan rasa sayang bisa saja terjadi tanpa didahului sebuah perkenalan yang memuat sebuah isian biodata yang harus diisi dalam blangko pencernaan pikiran biasa (tanya nama, alamat dan sebagainya).
Peristiwa yang pertama adalah sebuah peristiwa di sebuah bis kota yang melaju lamban di jalan raya yang macet di pinggir kota Jakarta yang memang sudah sangat padat setiap jalur badan jalannya dengan kendaraan yang berseliweran setiap harinya.
Hari cukup panas ketika itu dan bau keringat penumpang mulai menyebar menimbulkan sebuah perasaan tidak nyaman. Di sebelahku duduk seorang gadis berjilbab yang bertubuh agak besar. Dia sedang asyik membaca sebuah buku. Kulirik buku di tangannya dan mengenalinya sebagai salah satu buku yang sering aku lihat di pajang di toko buku.
Secara iseng (sungguh ini pertanyaan iseng karena aku mulai jenuh dengan masa menunggu kemacetan lalu lintas) aku mulai bertanya tentang apa judul buku yang dia baca. Gadis itu memperlihatkan judulnya padaku. Lalu aku mulai melontarkan pertanyaan apa isi buku tersebut dengan gaya sok akrab dan gadis itu melayani pertanyaanku dengan sabar dan penuh senyum.
Hmm, tampaknya dia mulai mengerti akan ketidak nyamanan yang aku alami dalam bis kota yang padat itu dan keterasingan untuk segera terbebas dari tempat dudukku yang keras sehingga dengan penuh keikhlasan gadis itu memberikan waktunya untuk menjawab pertanyaanku. Tanpa kami sadari kami terlibat sebuah diskusi menarik dan asyik.
Aku memang senang membaca dan lebih senang lagi jika diajak seseorang untuk bertukar pikiran tentang sebuah topik dari sebuah materi yang pernah aku baca atau aku ketahui. Hingga tak terasa tujuan akhir telah tiba. Gadis itu harus turun lebih dahulu dariku dan apa yang dia lakukan kemudian membuatku cukup ternganga dan sangat berkesan pada pertemuan dengannya.
“Aku ingin memberikan buku ini padamu.”
Subhanallah. Aku tahu dalam pembicaraan kami tadi bahwa buku itu belum dua jam yang lalu dibelinya di toko buku. Bahkan sampai halaman pertengahan pun gadis itu belum usai membacanya. Bagaimana mungkin dia akan memberikannya begitu saja padaku padahal tadi baru saja dia katakan bahwa dia menginginkan buku itu sejak lama sehingga dia menabung sedikit demi sedikit uang sakunya untuk dapat membeli buku itu.
“Tidak. Aku tidak menginginkannya. Buku itu milikmu, kamu belum selesai membacanya, bacalah dulu sampai selesai.” Aku menolaknya dengan keras.
“Tapi aku ingin memberikan buku ini padamu.” Gadis itu tetap bersikeras.
“Tidak.“
“Terimalah. Anggap ini hadiahku untukmu, kamu memang pantas menerimanya. Ayo, terimalah buku ini sebagai kenang-kenangan dariku karena aku tidak tahu kapan lagi kita akan bertemu di waktu yang akan datang.”
Duhai. Kalimatnya menimbulkan rasa haru yang mendalam, aku termangu sejenak tapi segera tersadar bahwa ini bukan saat yang tepat untuk jadi melankolis. “Tidak. Aku tidak bisa menerimanya.”
“Terimalah hadiahku ini. Kamu belum membacanya kan, bacalah, aku sudah membacanya sebagian dan isinya sangat menarik, sedangkan kamu belum membacanya sama sekali, aku ingin kamu membacanya juga dan bacalah sampai akhir.”
“Kenapa?“ Aku bertanya dengan bodoh. Sungguh aku tidak tahu kenapa gadis itu bersikeras memberikan buku barunya padaku.
“Kenapa kamu ingin memberikan buku barumu padaku, padahal kamu menginginkan buku ini sejak lama. Kenapa?”
“Karena aku sayang padamu. Aku ingin memberikan yang terbaik untukmu dan saat ini yang aku miliki adalah buku baruku ini. Percayalah padaku bahwa aku menyayangi kamu karena Allah semata sehingga jika saat ini kamu menginginkan yang lain dariku, seperti mataku, rambutku, tanganku, semua akan kuberikan padamu detik ini juga karena aku sayang padamu karena Allah semata.”
Aku makin ternganga. Belum ada satu jam kami berbincang dan diskusi tapi rasa sayang yang dia miliki padaku sudah demikian mendalamnya sementara namanya saja aku sama sekali tidak tahu karena dia memang hanya kujadikan seorang teman untuk membunuh waktu jenuhku di dalam kendaraan tersebut.
Ada sebuah rasa haru yang kian membuncah dalam dadaku mendengar untaian kalimat terakhirnya sekaligus melahirkan sebuah dorongan untuk menerbitkan mutiara bening dari sudut kelopak mataku. Aku tidak sanggup berkata apa-apa karena terbalut haru dan buku itu sudah berpindah tangan, diletakkan gadis itu di dalam genggamanku sementara dia bersiap untuk turun dari kendaraan. Pada perhentian selanjutnya gadis itu mulai berdiri menepi.
“Mbak..makasih yah. Aku tidak tahu bagaimana harus membalasnya bahkan kita belum sempat berkenalan. Mbak juga tidak tahu siapa aku.” Gadis itu hanya tersenyum ramah mendengar kalimatku yang mungkin terdengar sangat bodoh.
“Itu tidak penting. Yang aku tahu kamu adalah saudariku dalam islam. Semoga kita bisa bertemu di lain kesempatan dengan masing-masing dalam kondisi yang lebih baik.”
Kemudian bis berhenti dan setelah mengucapkan salam, gadis berjilbab itu melesat turun sambil melambaikan tangannya padaku. Aku membalas salamnya sambil tersenyum dan setelah dia menghilang dari pandanganku aku mulai membaca judul bukunya.
“Menjadi Muslimah yang kaffah.”
Hmm, mungkin dia memberikan buku itu karena aku belum berjilbab. Yup. Kejadiannya memang sudah lama sekali, sewaktu aku masih kuliah dulu dan masih banyak mempertimbangkan banyak hal sehingga belum timbul keinginan kuat untuk menutupi auratku secara lengkap dengan sebuah hijab yang semestinya.
Aku sangat terkesan dengan peristiwa itu karena di kampus, teman-teman akhwat lain lebih banyak yang memilih untuk tidak menaruh kepercayaan dan kasih sayang sebesar seperti yang diberikan oleh gadis tadi. Di kampus mereka memberlakukan sebuah jarak dalam membina hubungan denganku yang notabene sebenarnya memiliki agama yang sama dengan mereka hanya saja aku belum berjilbab. Image muslimah sebagai sebuah kelompok eksklusif dalam kepalaku telah hancur lebur dalam hitungan detik dengan kehadiran gadis berjilbab itu.
Sekarang aku alhamdulillah sudah mengenakan jilbab, sudah berkeluarga dan sudah dikaruniai dua orang jundi yang manis. Kesibukan sehari-hari dalam urusan pekerjaanku sebagai ibu rumah tangga hampir tidak menyisakan waktu luang bagiku. Lebih dari itu, kadang timbul sebuah proses pemilihan teman dalam bergaul yang terus terjadi tanpa aku sadari.
Jika ibu-ibu lain di sekitar rumahku sering berkumpul di depan pagar rumahnya maka bisa dikatakan aku jarang sekali ikut berkumpul dengan mereka. Jika ada acara pertemuan antar ibu-ibu di lingkungan rumahku, entah itu arisan rt, pengajian bulanan, pertemuan bulanan antar warga, atau bahkan acara resmi seperti selamatan atau kenduri, bisa dipastikan aku hanya hadir pada saat acara resmi itu berlangsung saja. Setelah acara resmi selesai, ketika piring gelas mulai dikumpulkan di tengah tikar, aku memilih untuk segera mengundurkan diri ketimbang ikut bergerombol bersama ibu-ibu yang lain membuat pembicaraan dan acara baru di luar acara inti.
Hmm, aku tetap berusaha untuk bergaul akrab, ikut tersenyum dan bersenda gurau atau berdiskusi dengan teman-teman ibu-ibu rumah tangga yang lain dalam konteks acara yang aku ikuti masih berlangsung. Setelah itu, setelah acara itu selesai, aku lebih memilih untuk mengundurkan diri lebih karena alasan menghindari kemudharatan.
Sudah bukan menjadi rahasia lagi apa yang dilakukan oleh para ibu-ibu rumah tangga jika mereka berkumpul dan mulai saling bercengkerama di luar sebuah acara yang terkoordinir. Mereka akan membicarakan hal-hal yang tidak bermanfaat dan inilah yang aku hindari. Terlibat dalam pergaulan seperti itu bagiku seperti memakan sebuah buah simalakama. Dimakan dalam arti kita melibatkan diri; kita akan terpengaruh dengan atmosfere mereka karena mau tidak mau kita akan mengeluarkan suara dan terlibat dalam pembicaraan mereka yang kelak kita akan menyesalinya sendiri. Pilihan kedua adalah tidak memakannya, yaitu kita tetap diam jadi pendengar dan itu artinya kita membiarkan isi pembicaraan mereka itu akan masuk ke telinga kita tanpa sebuah perlawanan, mengendap di dalam hati dan secara tidak sadar akan menimbulkan sebuah diskusi dengan diri sendiri yang lebih banyak melahirkan sebuah su'udzon dan ketidak nyamanan.
Ada sebuah pembenaran yang aku pegang dalam keputusanku untuk melakukan apa yang menurutku saat ini baik bagiku, yaitu mencegah sebuah kemudharatan itu lebih utama ketimbang menyebarkan manfaat. Hmm, benarkah pembenaran ini? WallahuÂ’alam.
Nah, dalam kesibukan memilih teman dalam pergaulan sehari-hari itulah terjadi peristiwa kedua yang juga sangat menyentuh hati dan memberi kesan yang sangat mendalam bagiku. Kejadiannya terselip dalam peristiwa rutinitas sehari-hari dan dalam waktu yang tidak terduga. Yaitu waktu shubuh.
Ada sebuah kebahagiaan tersendiri yang aku rasakan menjelang waktu shubuh. Yaitu kesempatan untuk berjalan menikmati suasana damai menjelang shubuh berdua saja dengan suamiku. Masjid tujuan kami letaknya lumayan jauh dari rumah dan waktu yang terhampar di selang perjalanan menuju masjid itu biasanya diisi dengan percakapan ringan yang lepas dari rasa kesal, jenuh dan bosan akan rutinitas pekerjaan dan kegiatan.
Yang ada hanyalah senda gurau atau curhat yang diiringi nasehat ringan diseling canda. Biasanya, setelah melakukan shalat shubuh berjamaah di masjid kami segera bergegas menuju rumah karena tugas rutinitas sehari-hari telah menunggu. Itu sebabnya waktu berangkat menuju masjid itu menjadi lebih istimewa (menjadi makin istimewa karena kadang kesehatanku yang sering terganggu dan kemalasan akibat kelelahan akan tugas sehari-hari membuat acara manis ini menjadi kian sulit dilakukan).
Hari itu, seperti biasa aku segera melipat perlengkapan shalatku dan mulai bersiap-siap untuk pulang ketika ada seseorang yang menyapaku. Seorang wanita tua yang tampak tersenyum dan memberiku salam. Aku membalas salamnya sambil ikut tersenyum.
“Apa kabar nak? kenapa sudah lama sekali tidak kelihatan?” sambil beringsut, aku mendekati ibu tua itu dan duduk di hadapannya sambil menyalaminya dengan sopan.
“Sakit bu. Saya sudah beberapa hari ini sakit jadi tidak bisa pergi kemana-mana termasuk ke masjid ini. Tapi alhamdulillah sekarang sudah sehat kembali. Ibu sendiri gimana kabarnya?”
“Alhamdulillah sehat nak.” Ibu itu masih memandangiku sambil tersenyum lembut sekali. Tiba-tiba dia meraih kedua pergelangan tanganku dan memegangnya dengan sangat erat.
“Ibu rindu sekali melihat kedatanganmu.. sudah hampir setengah bulan tidak melihat kamu hadir di sini.” Aku hanya tersenyum tapi dalam hati tak urung heran. Setengah bulan, artinya ibu itu menghitungnya. Artinya lagi, ibu ini tentu jamaah tetap di kala waktu shubuh di masjid ini…wah… bagaimana aku bisa tidak tahu akan kehadiran ibu ini setiap kali aku shalat disini. Hmm, mungkin karena aku selalu tergesa untuk pulang karena memikirkan pekerjaan rumah tangga yang terasa sudah antri untuk dikerjakan. Duh, betapa tidak pedulinya aku pada lingkunganku selama ini. Kalimat ibu itu mulai terasa seperti sindiran bagiku.
“Ibu selalu berdoa agar kamu sehat nak… sungguh, ibu mencintai kamu karena Allah dan selalu berharap bisa bertemu kamu di sini, di masjid ini meski ibu sendiri juga tidak yakin karena ibu sudah sangat tua dan makin rapuh.”
Subhanallah….
Kali ini aku sungguh-sungguh merasa terharu. Selama ini aku tidak pernah memperhatikan apa yang terjadi pada lingkungan sekitarku. Aku sibuk dengan urusan keseharianku sendiri, aku sibuk dengan diriku sendiri sedangkan ibu tua di hadapanku, yang mungkin hidupnya lebih susah, lebih kompleks permasalahannya, lebih rumit hal tentang kesehariannya, tetap memiliki kemampuan untuk memperhatikan lingkungannya.
Hmm.. tahukah anda. Kedua peristiwa berkesan di atas itu sebenarnya sebuah nasehat yang sangat manis dari Allah untukku. Subhanallah. Kadang, sebuah nasehat itu tidak melulu hanya berupa sebuah tausiyah panjang lebar tentang hamparan hadits dan ayat.
Sebuah nasehat bisa juga berupa perbuatan. Sama seperti perbuatan gadis berjilbab di bis kota di atas. Dengan memperlihatkan keramahan dan kesantunan serta keikhlasannya (sampai sekarang aku tidak pernah sekalipun lagi berjumpa dengannya, semoga Allah merahmatiNya selalu, amin), aku jadi tergugah akan keindahan ukhuwah dalam islam dan kemanisan budi pekerti muslimah sesungguhnya. Lebih dari itu, muncul semangat untuk benar-benar mewujudkan jati diri sebagai “Muslimah yang kaffah”, seperti nasehat yang diberikan dalam buku yang diberikannya secara cuma-cuma padaku.
Begitu juga dengan ibu tua di dalam masjid itu (hik..hik..aku tidak pernah berjumpa lagi dengannya, dan aku sampai detik ini tidak tahu siapa namanya, dimana dia tinggal dan informasi apapun tentang dia. Semoga beliau tetap dalam lindungan Allah SWT). Dengan kelembutan seorang ibu yang bijak, dia mengingatkan aku agar merindukan “masjid” selalu sesibuk apapun kegiatanku... ibu itu juga mengingatkan aku bahwa penilaian akan lingkunganku selama ini sebenarnya tidak selamanya benar. Bukankah di tengah hamparan rumput hijau di tengah padangpun selalu terselip bunga berwarna cantik yang harum baunya meski keberadaan bunga tersebut kecil mungil nyaris tak terlihat?
Kehadiran mereka berdua adalah penyejuk dahaga di tengah perjalanan panjang dan membosankan karena keterasingan yang monoton.
Kehadiran mereka adalah pendorong semangat ketika ghirah mulai kendur karena rutinitas keseharian yang mulai menegangkan urat syaraf. Hmm.. wallahuÂ’alam.
Aku jadi teringat sebuah hadits yang mengatakan bahwa :
“Tidak sempurna iman seseorang di antara kalian, sehingga ia mencintai saudaranya sebagaimana ia mencintai dirinya sendiri.” (Dari kitab shahih Muslim, yang diriwayatkan oleh Anas bin Malik).
Begitu besar rasa persaudaraan yang terkandung dalam hadits tersebut hingga tidak ada pemilahan kelompok di dalamnya yang berdasarkan pada beragam suku, ras, golongan, bangsa dan warna kulit. Semuanya adalah keluarga. “Sesungguhnya orang-orang mukmin adalah bersaudara.” (al Hujurat:10).
Mencintai disini adalah menginginkan segala kebaikan yang dia miliki untuk turut pula dirasakan oleh saudaranya.
“Demi Dzat yang jiwaku ada di TanganNya, tidak sempurna iman seseorang sehingga ia mencintai saudaranya sebagaimana ia mencintai kebaikan dirinya sendiri.” (Dari riwayat Nasa’i).
Kebaikan disini adalah kebaikan “menurut syariat” seperti ilmu yang bermanfaat, amal yang shaleh, dan akibat yang positif. Tidak ada tempat di sini untuk penilaian yang bersifat subjektif yang sering kita berlakukan jika kita memilih teman tanpa kita sadari. Sama seperti nasehat halus yang diberikan oleh gadis di bis kota itu padaku. Sementara teman-teman akhwat menolak kehadiranku yang “berbeda” dengan mereka yang berjilbab lebar, maka gadis itu dengan penuh keikhlasan mengajarkan aku arti ukhuwah sesungguhnya dan tanpa sadar memberiku semangat untuk “mengenal islam (agama perdamaian) lebih jauh”. Subhanallah.
Semoga kita semua bisa belajar untuk bisa pula menjadi suri tauladan seperti kedua tokoh “nyata” yang aku temui di dalam hidupku itu. Sungguh Maha Kuasa Allah yang telah memberiku pelajaran yang sangat berharga.
“Ya Allah, Engkau adalah Tuhanku, tidak ada Tuhan selain Engkau.
Engkau yang menciptakan ku dan aku adalah hambaMu.
Aku terikat dalam perjanjian dengan-Mu sekemampuanku.
Aku berlindung kepada-MU dari segala kejahatan yang telah aku lakukan.
Aku mengakui nikmat-nikmat-MU kepadaku dan aku mengakui dosaku, maka ampunilah aku, karena tak ada yang bisa mengampuni dosa-dosa, kecuali engkau” (HR. Bukhari)
Ade Anita
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CONRTIBUTIONS OF DR ATAL IN BLOOD DONATION CAMPS-organized by RRL Jammu for war casualities (SOURCE-,silver jubilee issue, RRL newsletter, 1982 photo given above)
IIn 1965 war he organized and accompanied rescue sorties and evacuation teams for evacuation of civilians/villagers from the borders (many were fleeing on foot) at a great personal risk in the war inflicted borders. As head of the Institute he organized a fair at RRL Jammu for the benefit of 1971 war veterans and war widows and proceeds were contributed to the army. Blood banks were organized for the war tragedies of Chamb Jorian frontier, as blood was urgently needed in large quantities to save lives of injured armed personnel. These efforts were highly appreciated by the army in the form of a certificate given to RRL, Jammu.
HEALTH CENTRE-He also upgraded the Institute health centre to a bigger better well equipped site .
SCHOOL BUILDING- He successfully established a flourishing big school building complex in a new premises which was functioning from a small remote campus corner. Anyone who needed help of any kind was promptly provided all help. 265.
PROMOTING SCIENCE& EDUCATING PUBLIC - in all strata of society and going to the grass root level for the benefit of end user and needy sections of society.
a.Imparting Scientific Training Courses in different fields were conducted for benefit of society, targeting rural segments, self employed, industrial units, small scale units, individuals, women working groups, bigger institutions /industry of the country etc. Many young technocrats were trained in the institute to help them start their own small scale units, and training programmes were initiated to impart rural technology to farmers. The aim was to promote science in the society with the power of scientific knowledge, provide optimum utilization of natural resources and provide economic benefits of R & D to all strata of the society.
b.Education of Society on Rational Scientific Thoughts – Scientific interactions training sessions, etc were regularly conducted for education of society on benefits of science & technology, scientific reasoning, removal of superstitions (like ohm shikni )from their minds and filling it with evidence based learning using scientific tools.
TEACHING- He has received prestigious APTI award in teaching for revolutionizing Pharmacognosy as a subject in India. He has produced 40 Ph.D students
INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH GRANTS FOR STUDENTS- He helped his students in obtaining international research funds at Punjab University Chandigarh, and obtained teaching and research grants/ funds from Eli Lily USA for ergot research, Meer Corporation, USA for research on Isabgol, and from Nestle on Papain research. The world’s biggest herbal extraction company of its time, S. B. Penick & co. (NEW YORK, USA) also granted research funds. Whenever in need, his students were provided funds from his own pocket for study purposes or provided study / research funds from institutions. Many of his students/juniors have themselves obtained international standing and recognition.
RURAL SOCIOECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT-RURAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
Development in plant research benefits both rural segment as well as the industry leading to socioeconomic development of both the rural masses as well as the industry of the country. Therefore almost everything covered in the biodata has had a tremendous socioeconomic success of all segments of society. This includes many overlapping topics scattered in the biodata. All the research has had an impact on rural development, including health, socioeconomic development, technology, education, employment, education, superstition, industries, women programmes, individuals, environment, waste management, alternate energy, remote area development etc.
120.ESTABLISHED FIRST INDIAN ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY CENTRE IN INDIA - for the benifit of tribals, traditional systems first reporting in India.
121.RURAL TECHNOLOGY AWARDS & UNITED NATIONS RURAL GRANT - (Serial no 7, award section) FICCI award given by the Hon. President of India for several outstanding contributions to rural development having socioeconomic impact in India. Most other awards like Fellow Comforpts award, Prof. P. N. MEHRA Award, Andhra Import Substitution Award, Essential oil Association Silver Jubilee award also include significant work having socioeconomic, technological, propagation and educational impact on rural development.
122.EMPLOYEMENT GENERATION OF RURAL SOCIETY-as a result of implementation of industries mentioned below, employment of rural society was made possible on a large scale. Examples are Hops industry established for the first time in India.
123.OFFICIAL AFFILIATIONS-collaboration was done with department of farmers training, Jammu & Kashmir government, government of Himachal Pradesh and S.F. development agency, Rajouri and Poonch. In 1979, there were already 13 projects under execution and technology transfer was being implemented for small scale industries. Many technologies were implemented through government agency NRDC, state departments and organizations.
124.RESEARCH AND PUBLICATION IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT- books in the author section are related to topics having impact on rural segment, including health, socioeconomic development, technology, education, employment, superstition, industries, women programmes, individuals, etc. Examples are –“Contributions towards rural development (Serial no 184-211, author section).
125.ENTOMOLOGY -Sericulture techniques were propagated successfully in Kashmir .termite control activities, education on termite control, removal of superstitions related to termites, insect reproduction control by non toxic sterilants(the latest insect control method of that time)- insect control by anti sterility methods.
126.AQUACULTURE –In 1975, RRL Jammu started the Fishery technology project in Jammu regions along with systemic survey of bioecological and chemical factors required for the success of projects. The use of water bodies till then for the economic benefit of masses were never exploited by anyone before in the area. As a result, after scientifically establishing the viability of projects, six varieties of fish were introduced, out of which five were first time entries(Labeo rohita or Rohu,Cirrhinus mrigala or Mrigal, Ctenopharyngodon idella or grass carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix or silver carp and Catla catla or Katla). Aquaculture work was awarded the UNIDO grants in recognition of the work done. This work included introducing and acclimatization of new improved exotic varieties of fish and improved fish breeds for rural use in J&K state, production of fish seed (mirror carp, common and major carps, that is rohu and mrigal and other carps) for the first time in the state by latest fish seed production technology, and its supply to cultivators. Training programme in Pisciculture for rural masses was also conducted in which UNICEF also contributed.
127.FIRST SUCCESSFUL HOPS INDUSTRY IN INDIA -Till 1974, annual imports of Hops and its products exceeded Rupees one crore per year.RRL launched Hops research project in 1974 and within a few years the cultivation of hops became a complete technological and commercial success story in Kashmir valley. This project was extended to Himachal Pradesh and cuttings were provided beyond the borders to Bhutan. Starting with 0.170 tonnes in year 1974, the yield in Kashmir crossed 80-000 tonnes (area.Ha-125) in 1979 and 170 tonnes in the year 1982, Hops cultivation (agro technology of Hops which also included post harvest technology, hops dryers fabrication etc which resulted in revenue generation of Rupees 120 lacs in year 1981) , Hops cultivation (agro technology of Hops which also included post harvest technology, hops dryers fabrication etc which resulted in revenue generation of Rupees 120 lacs in year 1981)
128.EXAMPLES OF ECONOMIC SUCCESS OF RURAL PROJECTS – (Serial no 115, ESSENTIAL OIL).
129.MENTHA ARVENSIS (JAPANESE MINT)- Around 1960, a dozen suckers of M. arvensis were procured from Japan through UN. After the stock was carefully multiplied and propagated, it was distributed for large scale cultivation in other parts of the country in the seventies and earlier. The entire mentha cultivation in India owes its origin to the suckers introduced by RRL, Jammu. Better strains containing up to 78 % menthol in the oil were also developed. Japanese mint became a Rs 100 million” industry by the beginning of 1980’s and which has never looked back since then.The Essential oil industry of India was greatly benefited by such processes
130.JAMMU LEMONGRASS- (Cymbopogan pendulus)-a superior source of citral, the oil used in perfumery industry, Pharmaceutical industry and of use as insect repellant.
131.MUSHROOM CULTIVATION- in 1971, a farmer of Batahara village of Kashmir, Abdul Rehman Wani achieved a feat of earning Rupees 5000/- from mushroom farming. This opened the floodgates of mushroom farming in Kashmir.RRL Jammu contributed by providing improved knowhow in the field, analysis of compost and casting samples, training courses, spawn raising and its supply to cultivators. RRL established mushroom cultivation in Jammu and Kashmir by progressively increasing Spawn distribution, and in 1978 10,000 bottles of spawn were distributed. Mushroom growing which contributed to revenue generation of Rs.6 lacs in year 1981,( Agaricus bispors or button mushroom - 60,000 tons of button mushroom was produced in Kashmir in 1982) .The first Indian Mushroom conference was held, organized by Dr. Atal.
132.ANIMAL SCIENCES- rabbit culture for meat/fur, farming of other animals, chinchilla farming etc with development of rural based animal byproduct processes.
133.FUR, WOOL, LEATHER PRODUCTS, PELT PROCESSING -Conversion of sheep skins into hair on furs and high quality Nappa, conversion of goat skins into chamois and suedes, leather processing, dyeing of wool and namdas(Kashmir handicraft), training workshops for livelihood,introduction of some exotic species of rabbits.
134.FOOD INDUSTRY / FOOD TECHNOLOGY-Examples include development of various products from locally available fruits and vegetables, solar drying of fruits and vegetables, brewed vinegar, preservation and bottling of Chhang (Ladakh beer) and sugarcane juice, horticulture and processing practices of cherry fruit, apricot, development of walnut bleaching and washing machine, bleaching of in- shell walnuts, inert gas packaging of walnuts kernels, bulk storage and transport of morel (Morchella esculenta),canning, pickling, dehydration of button mushrooms , canning of apple rings, Cider and wine from apple juice, upgrading tart apple juice by ion exchange, commercial exploitation of anardana (dried pomegranate), production of Tartaric acid from Tamarind, ready to serve canned Rajmash (red beans), bakery products trainings (in collaboration with United States wheat association),upgrading commercial white sesame Seeds, production of fermented Ayurvedic Asavas and Arishtas under aseptic conditions.
135.UTILISATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES OF LADAKH – EXTRACTION OF BORAX USING GEOTHERMAL ENERGY- the country’s first indigenous borax extraction plant based on technology developed by RRL was inaugurated by Shri A. Rehman, development commissioner of Ladakh on July 15, 1975 at Pugga at a height of 4450 meters in presence of large gathering. It was later handed over to the J&K minerals. Using hot water and steam from geothermal wells sunk by Geological survey of India, all components of extraction were done by the steam and hot water, like digestion of crude ore, development of pressure in the presses and also for maintaining the desired temperatures in the steam jacketed pans for crystallization. The only known deposits of borax are located in Pugga valley where it occurs as surface encrustations from a series of hot springs extending from Rupshu district in eastern Kashmir to Hundes in South western Tibet. Borax finds extensive use in glass, ceramics, medicine, leather processing, adhesive manufacturing, flame proofing, timber preservation, rust corrosion inhibitor, additive to rocket fuel, anti knocking agent in gasoline. It has been imported at considerable cost to the country.
136.USE OF ALTERNATE ENERGY- SIMPLE INEXPENSIVE EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL USE- His contributions, emphasis and creating awareness in nineteen seventies, particularly in remote underdeveloped, natural fuel resources starved rural areas like ladakh and Kargil, on great technological benefits of using alternate sources of energy have been pioneering. He was also invited to Germany (Munchen University) as a solar energy consultant for the work done in the field. The significant part is that a simple technology was incorporated and adapted to suit remote, rural, resourcefully backward area to produce profound results and change the economics of the region.
A.SOLAR ENERGY - SOLAR DRYING CHAMBERS- Apricots in Ladakh and famous Kashmir red chillies in Pampore Kashmir are examples of the use of solar energy utilization. The introduction of solar dryers was supplemented by fruit sulphuring chambers. Traditionally fruits have been dried in open sun which takes longer ,more than three weeks, and there is exposure to rain, fungus, microbial contamination ,insects, dust, dirt, humidity, etc which results in decay, low shelf life, poor quality, off flavor, hardening, discolouration, and poor economic returns. In 1976, RRL introduced solar drying chambers which used the energy of sun to achieve significantly superior results. The drying time was reduced to three days from three weeks and yielded superior results in terms of quality of dried product and greatly preserved organoleptic qualities. The chambers are simple to assemble at low cost, fabrication can be done by carpenters, have no operational costs, very low maintenance cost, simple to operate, can be operated by unskilled or illiterate persons, and can be incorporated even on rooftops as a part of house construction. This introduction was a result of survey done by RRL of Ladakh region for sunny days, humidity, altitude effects, temperature variations etc. Several dryers were provided to villages of Silkchay, Sanachay, Herdas, Karkacho, Poyen, Batalik, Hunderman, Khaltsti, Nurla, and Saspol of Ladakh through Agriculture department which was highly appreciated by the community.
B.GEOTHERMAL ENERGY - (Borax extraction plant discussed above).
137.OTHER SIMPLE INEXPENSIVE EFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY FOR RURAL USE - FRUIT SULPHURING CHAMBERS- to combat microbial damage, sulphur chambers were fabricated for fumigation disinfection by burning sulphur, wherein fruits absorb 1500 ppm sulphur dioxide. After a series of experiments, this simple chemical treatment was standardized to maintain quality, avoid discoloration and excessive shrinkage
138.FORESTATION – Mass promotion, propagation, and plantation of fast growing tree species were promoted in the rural belts by RRL to help in conservation of environment. Examples are Weeping Willows, Eucalyptus and other species. Fast growing trees like Eucalyptus also was in addition a source of rutin for industrial use and extensively promoted in several places of India like Himachal Pradesh, www.flickr.com/photos/13059662@N06/6970387213/
139.RURAL PROJECTS FOR ENVIRONMENT CONSERVATION AND WASTE UTILISATION- www.flickr.com/photos/13059662@N06/5782556024/in/photostr...
A.APPLE POMICE PROJECT, KASHMIR – prevention of pollution of river Jhelum, by converting apple waste into animal feed. (Serial no 142-146, environment conservation).
B.PINE NEEDLES BASED PACKING BOXES INDUSTRY – as a first example in the world in 1975, RRL developed the technology for production of reusable, tough, superior hard boards from fallen pine needles. A factory was established at Bilaspur, Himachal Pradesh costing Rupees eight lacs, which produced 2 lacs boxes annually. Besides the waste utilization it generated employment opportunities also with added production of parallel byproduct turpentine from pine needles (converting a hazardous forest waste having hazard of igniting forest fires, into useful packing material - (See link below).
C.AGRO WASTE BASED BOARDS- fiber boards from rice straw and rice husk was developed by RRL, Jammu. The Jammu region (Kathua to R. S. Pura extending to Poonch produces vast quantity of paddy and the entire husk goes waste).
D.Other examples are vanillin from sawdust (waste of joinery mills), boards from various agro wastes /industry wastes and similar other projects
140.PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY METHODS FOR STORED GRAINS- expert technical advice/methods for this was provided to the food industry/farming industry.RRL developed non toxic grain protectants like Acorus calamu developed prior to 1977.
141.PERFUMERY INDUSTRY- developed and introduced new varieties like Skimmia laureola . Serial no 115, essential oils.
142.RURAL AND INDUSTRIAL SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACT OF PIONEERING WORK IN ESSENTIAL OILS AND MINT- See details in ESSENTIAL OILS.
143.ERADICATION OF RURAL SUPERSTITIONS AND IMPLEMENTING RURAL TRAINING PROGRAMMES-in December 1976, district farmers training officer of J&K posed the problem of prevalence of worshipping of termite mounds in villages. In the past no organization tried to explain the innocent villagers about the devastation by termites of crops and houses.RRL initiated the work by selecting two villages Tonk Waziran and Chak Rickwal near Nagrota in Jammu region. Initially the reaction of villagers was not only uncooperative but hostile to the suggestion out of religious fears. After considerable persuasion, they relented. The mounds inside the houses and outside were scientifically eliminated and demolished. This work was started in January 1977 and completed till June 1977. The process was also demonstrated to Hon. Governor Shri L.K. Jha. The encouraging results were monitored and message was spread to other villages also.
144.RURAL PUBLIC HEALTH-see Serial 90. Projects for control of external parasites (ectoparasites) like louse using bio-antiparasitic agents (Acorus calamus oil and mustard oil), and anti zooplankton measures by introduction of pond fishes in villages which thrive on zooplanktons.