"Complexity characterises the behaviour of a system or model whose components interact in multiple ways and follow local rules, leading to non-linearity, randomness, collective dynamics, hierarchy, and emergence.

The term is generally used to characterize something with many parts where those parts interact with each other in multiple ways, culminating in a higher order of emergence greater than the sum of its parts. The study of these complex linkages at various scales is the main goal of complex systems theory.

The intuitive criterion of complexity can be formulated as follows: a system would be more complex if more parts could be distinguished, and if more connections between them existed." (WP)

"La complexité caractérise le comportement d'un système ou d'un modèle dont les composants interagissent de multiples manières et suivent des règles locales, conduisant à la non-linéarité, au hasard, à la dynamique collective, à la hiérarchie et à l'émergence.

Le terme est généralement utilisé pour caractériser quelque chose comportant de nombreuses parties, où ces parties interagissent les unes avec les autres de multiples manières, aboutissant à un ordre d'émergence supérieur supérieur à la somme de ses parties. L’étude de ces liens complexes à différentes échelles constitue l’objectif principal de la théorie des systèmes complexes.

Le critère intuitif de complexité peut être formulé ainsi : un système serait plus complexe si plus de parties pouvaient être distinguées et s'il existait plus de connexions entre elles. » (WP)

Bee Eaters courtship ritual....

Behaviour and TraitsNo Hibernation: Unlike marmots, they remain active underground all winter.Haypiles: They cut and cure grass during the summer to store as winter food.Social Network: They live in family groups and share extensive burrow systems.Predators: They are a crucial food source for the local Little Owl population

El comportamiento de un ejemplar depende de muchos factores; la especie, el carácter del individuo, el estado biológico, la edad,el sexo, el entorno, la compañía, el momento del ciclo de vida en el que se encuentre, entre otros factores.

En el caso del archibebe claro ( Tringa nebularia) he notado un cambio drástico en su comportamiento según el entorno donde lo fotografíe. En la costa, durante la marea baja, esta especie se vuelve sumamente recelosa y precavida, con distancias de huida muy grandes.

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An individual's behavior depends on many factors, including the species, the individual's temperament, biological state, age, sex, environment, presence of companions, and life-cycle stage, among others.

In the case of the common greenshank (*Tringa nebularia*), I have observed a drastic change in behavior depending on the environment where I photograph it. On the coast, during low tide, this species becomes extremely wary and cautious, maintaining very large flight distances.

When we see eye to eye......

The masked lapwing (Vanellus miles) is a large, common and conspicuous bird native to Australia (particularly the northern and eastern parts of the continent), New Zealand and New Guinea. It spends most of its time on the ground searching for food such as insects and worms, and has several distinctive calls. It is common in Australian fields and open land, and is known for its defensive swooping behaviour during the nesting season.

Over the fence

I've no idea what's going on in this pic, other than the awesome behaviour of nature and what's going on inside the camera — particularly the strobe-like artefacts, but mostly the bounce!

a drop of rainwater from a drainpipe into a water butt outside Rob's

This Arctic Tern in flight with a fish was one of a pair engaged in courtship behaviour — see this image www.flickr.com/photos/luminouscompositions/54524503244/in...

This was at a small pebbly beach in the town of Húsavík on the north coast of Iceland, in the region of Norðurland eystra.

They were too far away for a good picture however, I took this shot anyway because of the male's behaviour charging females at several occasions while I was there. Females either ignored him or pushed him away. I have never seen this before even though I observed them a lot in the past. I don't think it is courting time in mid-January. It was just bizarre.

Mallotus villosus, know in eastern Canada as capelin, breed on the stony beaches of Newfoundland each summer. They 'roll' up onto the beaches on the incoming waves in massive numbers to lay their eggs, after which they catch the next wave back into the ocean.

However, some do get stranded too high on the beach. The fish will then flip and flop to try getting back down to where the water is. Some fail. There are three basic techniques they seem to use. Some will twist/roll. Others employ a 'moonwalk' technique where they undulate their bodies, tail first, down the beach. They will also pivot on their nose, as shown in this image.

The fish prefer to breed on beaches with smaller gravel, like this one. All the little whitish/brownish balls you see, that looks almost like sand, are eggs, but the individual in the photo is a male so it only contributed the milk that contains the spermatozoa that fertilizes the eggs. The males develop stronger colours on their back and enlarged pelvic fins. Females are more silver/white on the sides and will have a swollen abdomen due to all the eggs. If conditions are not right, they will also breed off-shore.

The photo isn't the best, but does illustrate most of the points noted above.

Love is in the air!

+gemposes+ Bad behavior

SL landmark

+gemposes+ mainstore

If a mate can't walk on water he will be out of luck.

A combination of up to 20 steps per second, forceful slaps on the water’s surface with splayed feet, and an unusual stride help these grebes defy gravity

Isle Lake

I'm finally learning to play chess (again).

About 30 years ago my younger brother tried to teach me. At some point I packed it in believing he was just making the rules up to suit himself.

Now I'm back learning again and I'm pretty sure it was the castling move that got me!! I called my bro & apologised for my poor behaviour. Luckily he didn't remember my hands in the air but he did have a giggle agreeing that castling could easily have been the last straw.

Kid playing in the street in Centro Havana

Marsh Harrier attacking Buzzard which was sitting too close to the Harrier's nest site. Fascinating to watch. The Buzzard eventually gave up and left..

I only managed a snapshot of this interesting behaviour. I wasn't sure if these were two males, facing off, or a courting couple?

the sibligs

Red Fox.

To be not disturbed from the lunch

Photographed at Cranmore in September 2022 is former London Transport 1938 tube car 10289, which latterly formed half of Isle of Wight set 483009. Unfortunately the vehicle was vandalised with mindless graffiti some time after this picture was taken. Why do we revere a certain so-called ‘artist’ who encourages such criminal behaviour?

A few image captured of the behaviour between kingfishers

Second similar shot of this Kingfisher.

Fairburn Ings Nature Reserve.

That time of year with the Grey Herons busy nest building, outward bound in this shot.

Distant crop.

I find this shot of the rather light coloured red deer stag quite amusing... I know why it's doing what it's doing but my 15 year old mindset can't help but think it's just being rather rude to the other deer!

Hey from the Palace :)

Same hare as the previous set, she's well on her way to her summer pelage now but still gorgeous.

I made an album cover for cactus island recordings.

This is an awesome compilation with beautiful music inside!

I'm very happy with this work, is very special to me and one of my song is on it.

Released: 16th february, close to valentines day ; )

more info: www.cactusisland.net

A common social behaviour in animals and birds

My previous upload

This egret isn't taking off to fly it is jumping up and down, trying to drum up some lunch in the shallows of the estuary. I was mesmerized watching it run around in a circle, flapping and jumping from one spot to another. I have only ever seen them slowly 'stalking' their dinner. Sorry the photos are dark but it was a really grey day with little light.

3 more in comments below

Himantopus himantopus

Available for Commercial Licensing with Getty Images

Kallang. This is part of the courtship behaviour of little terns, where the male would offer food to the female.

Crested Pigeon shaking tail feathers performing mating dance at Tuncurry, NSW, Australia.

Things are changing within the pride. The girls are growing up and because they are remaining at the zoo and not being moved to another zoo, they needed to be implanted so no inbreeding would occur.

This was the day that happened and Milo was far more concerned about his girls than Misty was.

Both Milo & Kiros walked by the den doors doing their low lion grunts.

It surprised me that the boys were more concerned than Misty the mum.

casa colonica abbandonata

Love the Semipalmated Plover's behaviour and curiosity.

Distant shot of these argumentative Common Terns.

St Aidan's Nature Park

I don't think I've ever seen a Eurasian jay just hanging out at the park. They are far too fast to be captured usually, but there you go. Nothing is as usual these days...

Just read about a very peculiar behaviour of the jay: "In order to keep its plumage free from parasites, it lies on top of anthills with spread wings and lets its feathers be sprayed with formic acid." (Wikipedia). Has someone ever seen this?

Oder sitzt bei euch zumindest mal ein Eichelhäher minutenlang am Futterhaus, wie dieser hier am Zaun?

Another photo of the ritual adder (Vipera berus) combat behaviour between 2 rival males known as the 'dance of the adders'.