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Maker: Ernest Edwards (1837-1903) and Kidd
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 4 3/4 in x 7 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.073j
Shelf: ART-1870
Publication: Specimens of the drawings of ten masters, from the Royal collection at Windsor castle.
Michelangelo. Perugino. Raphael. Julio Romano. Leonardo da Vinci. Giorgino. Paul Veronese. Poussin. Albert D"urer. Holbein. Descriptive text by B.B. Woodward, Macmillan and Co, London, 1870, pg 46
Other Collections:
Notes: Printed in carbon by Edwards and Kidd under license of the Autotype Company, Limited. Ernest Edwards was an owner of the photographic studio and printers Edwards and Kidd at 22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London
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Maker: Galerie Octant
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: dealer catalog
Size: 8.25 in x 8.25 in
Location: France
Object No. 2010.345
Shelf: B-1
Publication:
Other Collections:
Provenance: The Book Trader
Rank: 30
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: Ernest Edwards (1837-1903) and Kidd
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 4 7/8 in x 6 1/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.073t
Shelf: ART-1870
Publication: Specimens of the drawings of ten masters, from the Royal collection at Windsor castle.
Michelangelo. Perugino. Raphael. Julio Romano. Leonardo da Vinci. Giorgino. Paul Veronese. Poussin. Albert D"urer. Holbein. Descriptive text by B.B. Woodward, Macmillan and Co, London, 1870, pg 46
Other Collections:
Notes: Printed in carbon by Edwards and Kidd under license of the Autotype Company, Limited. Ernest Edwards was an owner of the photographic studio and printers Edwards and Kidd at 22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London
To view our archive organized by themes and subjects, visitOUR COLLECTIONS
For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: Ernest Edwards (1837-1903) and Kidd
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 4 7/8 in x 6 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.073r
Shelf: ART-1870
Publication: Specimens of the drawings of ten masters, from the Royal collection at Windsor castle.
Michelangelo. Perugino. Raphael. Julio Romano. Leonardo da Vinci. Giorgino. Paul Veronese. Poussin. Albert D"urer. Holbein. Descriptive text by B.B. Woodward, Macmillan and Co, London, 1870, pg 46
Other Collections:
Notes: Printed in carbon by Edwards and Kidd under license of the Autotype Company, Limited. Ernest Edwards was an owner of the photographic studio and printers Edwards and Kidd at 22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London
To view our archive organized by themes and subjects, visitOUR COLLECTIONS
For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: J. A. Spencer (1826-1878)
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: albumen print
Size: 3 3/8 in x 6 3/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.279d
Shelf: J-15
Publication: M Digby Wyatt, Notices of sculpture in ivory,
consisting of a lecture on the history, methods, and chief productions of the art, delivered at the first annual general meeting of the Arundel society, on the 29th June, 1855, and a catalogue of specimens of ancient ivory-carvings in various collections, (casts of which are sold by the society in classes exemplifying the principal schools and periods) by Edmund Oldfield. With nine photographic illustrations, by J. A. Spencer.,Offices of the Arundel Society,, London, 1856, pg 5
Other Collections:
Notes: J. A. Spencer was the UKs largest manufacturer of albumenized paper. When Swan's carbon process was introduced he became one of the partners in the Autotype Company which changed its name in 1873 to Spencer, Sawyer and Bird. He died in 1878
This book was the first official use of photography in a publication by The Arundel Society. The photographs were used to illustrate a published version of a lecture given by Wyatt at the annual general meeting in 1855
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Maker: Ernest Edwards (1837-1903) and Kidd
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 7 3/4 in x 5 1/8 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.073p
Shelf: ART-1870
Publication: Specimens of the drawings of ten masters, from the Royal collection at Windsor castle.
Michelangelo. Perugino. Raphael. Julio Romano. Leonardo da Vinci. Giorgino. Paul Veronese. Poussin. Albert D"urer. Holbein. Descriptive text by B.B. Woodward, Macmillan and Co, London, 1870, pg 46
Other Collections:
Notes: Printed in carbon by Edwards and Kidd under license of the Autotype Company, Limited. Ernest Edwards was an owner of the photographic studio and printers Edwards and Kidd at 22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London
To view our archive organized by themes and subjects, visitOUR COLLECTIONS
For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: Alphonse Poitevin and Leon Vidal
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: book
Size: 7 1/8 in x 4 1/2 in
Location: France
Object No. 2017.012b
Shelf: B-1
Publication: Gauthier-Villars Paris 2ème éd.
Nineteenth Century Photography, Charles Wood Catalogue 146, Cambridge, 2011, No 123
Other Collections:
Provenance: Remy le Fur
Rank: 481
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: Ernest Edwards (1837-1903) and Kidd
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 5 1/8 in x 7 3/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.073s
Shelf: ART-1870
Publication: Specimens of the drawings of ten masters, from the Royal collection at Windsor castle.
Michelangelo. Perugino. Raphael. Julio Romano. Leonardo da Vinci. Giorgino. Paul Veronese. Poussin. Albert D"urer. Holbein. Descriptive text by B.B. Woodward, Macmillan and Co, London, 1870, pg 46
Other Collections:
Notes: Printed in carbon by Edwards and Kidd under license of the Autotype Company, Limited. Ernest Edwards was an owner of the photographic studio and printers Edwards and Kidd at 22 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London
To view our archive organized by themes and subjects, visitOUR COLLECTIONS
For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: J. A. Spencer (1826-1878)
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: albumen print
Size: 2 1/4 in x 4 3/8 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.279e
Shelf: J-15
Publication: M Digby Wyatt, Notices of sculpture in ivory,
consisting of a lecture on the history, methods, and chief productions of the art, delivered at the first annual general meeting of the Arundel society, on the 29th June, 1855, and a catalogue of specimens of ancient ivory-carvings in various collections, (casts of which are sold by the society in classes exemplifying the principal schools and periods) by Edmund Oldfield. With nine photographic illustrations, by J. A. Spencer.,Offices of the Arundel Society,, London, 1856, pg 8
Other Collections:
Notes: J. A. Spencer was the UKs largest manufacturer of albumenized paper. When Swan's carbon process was introduced he became one of the partners in the Autotype Company which changed its name in 1873 to Spencer, Sawyer and Bird. He died in 1878
This book was the first official use of photography in a publication by The Arundel Society. The photographs were used to illustrate a published version of a lecture given by Wyatt at the annual general meeting in 1855
To view our archive organized by Collections, visit: OUR COLLECTIONS
For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE
Maker: Peter Henry Emerson (1856-1936)
Born: Cuba
Active: UK
Medium: photogravure
Size: 6 1/2 in x 6 1/2 in
Location: UK
Object No. 2012.740
Shelf: A-13
Publication: Pictures of East Anglian Life, London: Sampson Low, Marston, Searle and Rivington, 1888, pl VIII
McWilliams, Neil, ed. & Sekules, Veronica, ed. --Life and Landscape: P.H. Emerson, Art & Photography in East Anglia, 1885-1900.-- Norwich, England: Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, 1986. p. 113
Turner and Wood, PH Emerson, Photographer of Norfolk, David R. Godine, Boston, 1974, pl 46
Other Collections: GEH
Provenance: Bloomsbury Auctions, London, auction No. 35764, December 2, 2010, Lot 7
Rank: 176
Notes: Emerson spent much time in his field trips on the Broads observing and interviewing the locals, recording dialect, native customs and folklore. --Pictures of East Anglian Life-- is a rather quirky anthropological study of Norfolk and Suffolk peasantry illustrated with photographs. ... Some of the material for the volume he gathered already while on his trip in 1885 with Goodall... He spent three months on the Broads again in the summer of 1886 and finished the manuscript in July 1887. He stated in the preface: 'I have endeavoured in the plates to express sympathetically various phases of peasant and fisherfolk life...' The photographs are some of the most obviously documentary of all of his work; they are less contrived than the genre scenes..., yet the emphasis on poetry and sentiment is quite evident. The plates were reproduced in photogravure by the Autotype Company, the Typo Engraving Company and Messrs Walker & Boutall. Plate XIX, 'A Way Across The Marshes' was worn out after 30 pulls and was substituted by 'Mending The Wherry' which was a plate made by Emerson himself." [Life and Landscape: P.H. Emerson Art and Photography in East Anglia 1885-1900--, p. 36] "Printed by Ballantyne, Hanson and Co., Edinburgh and London." (GEH)
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Maker:
Born:
Active: UK
Medium: autotype
Size: 5 3/4 in x 7 11/16 in
Location:
Object No. 2009.366b
Shelf: J-24
Publication:
Other Collections:
Notes: Print publishers and printers, specialising in photomechanical prints (using the carbon process) and later in photogravure; the firm was set up in 1868 as the Autotype Printing and Publishing Company; in 1870 it moved to 36 Rathbone Place and its name was changed into the Autotype Fine Art Company Limited. The company expanded by creating new departments (photo-collographic printing department managed by J. R. M. Sawyer and W. S. Bird, 1871) and by absorbing rivals, such as J. A. Spencer's printing business (1871). In 1873 Spencer, Sawyer and Bird founded a new firm (Spencer, Sawyer, Bird & Co); in 1875 they merged with the Autotype Fine Art Company Limited to form the Autotype Company. Always diversifying their production, the company worked on what they called the 'autogravure' (photogravure) at the end of the 19th century. In 1919 bought the right to the Carbro process (carbon prints made from bromide prints), which became popular in the 1920/30s. In the 1950s they abandonned carbon printing and focused on the business of providing material to others. Later became the Autotype International Limited
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Maker: Alphonse Poitevin (1819-1882)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: document
Size: 7 in x 10.5 in
Location: UK
Object No. 2010.240a
Shelf: B-1
Publication:
Other Collections:
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print.
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Maker: Tajan
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: auction catalog
Size: 8.25 in x 10.75 in
Location: France
Object No. 2010.419
Shelf: K-1
Publication:
Other Collections:
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879)
Born: India
Active: UK
Medium: Photogravure
Size: 8.5" x 6.25"
Location: UK
Object No. 2012.508
Shelf: A-14
Publication: Camera Work #41, January 1913, pg 5
Camera Work, The Complete Illustrations 1903-1917, Taschen, 1997 pg 683
Camera Work, A Pictorial Guide, Dover, 1978, pg
Robert Doty, Photography as a Fine Art, George Eastman House, Rochester, 1960, pg 15
Other Collections: Vancouver Art Gallery, Musee d'Orsay
Notes: The five photogravures published in Camera Work of Cameron's work were printed by The Autotype Fine Arts Company, a London publishing house that held some of her original 10" x 12" glass plate negatives. Thomas Carlyle (4 December 1795 – 5 February 1881) was a Scottish philosopher, satirical writer, essayist, historian and teacher during the Victorian era. He called economics "the dismal science", wrote articles for the Edinburgh Encyclopedia, and became a controversial social commentator.
Born in Calcutta, India to a British family, Julia Margaret Cameron (1815-1879) became well connected to Victorian intellectual society after her family returned to England in 1848. She started as an amateur photographer in 1863 at the age of 48 and over the next ten years produced some of the most extraordinary portraits and genre pictures of the time, using her friends and servants as models. During this period she produced over 3,000 large format wet collodion negatives. She moved back to Ceylon in 1875 and produced only a few photographs before her death in 1879.
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Maker: Marcel-Gustave Laverdet (1816-1886)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: photolithograph - Poitevin process
ize: 10 1/16 in x 14 1/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.285
Shelf: C-67
Publication: Choix de Terres Cuites Antiques du Cabinet de M. le Vicomte Hte de Janze, Photographiees par M. Laverdet et Reportees sur Pierre Lithographique par M. Poitevin, Imprimerie de Firmin Didot Freres, Fils, et Cie, Paris, 1857, pl XV
Other Collections: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Bibliotheque national de France, Paris, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
University of Cologne Archaeological Institute
Provenance: Explorations Photographiques, Yann Le Mouel, March 30, 2021, Lot 129
Rank: 34
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: Marcel-Gustave Laverdet (1816-1886)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: photolithograph - Poitevin process
ize: 10 3/4 in x 14 1/2 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.284
Shelf: C-67
Publication: Choix de Terres Cuites Antiques du Cabinet de M. le Vicomte Hte de Janze, Photographiees par M. Laverdet et Reportees sur Pierre Lithographique par M. Poitevin, Imprimerie de Firmin Didot Freres, Fils, et Cie, Paris, 1857, pl VIII
Other Collections: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Bibliotheque national de France, Paris, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
University of Cologne Archaeological Institute
Provenance: Explorations Photographiques, Yann Le Mouel, March 30, 2021, Lot 129
Rank: 34
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: W.J. Byrne
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: carbon print
Size: 3 3/4 in x 4 1/2 in
Location:
Object No. 2025.240b
Shelf: MAN-1887
Publication: London. The Autotype Company., 1887
Other Collections:
Provenance: Sappho Books
Rank:
Notes:
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From a painting by A. McNaught (autotype)
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Maker: Marcel-Gustave Laverdet (1816-1886)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: photolithograph - Poitevin process
ize: 9 1/2 in x 13 7/8 in
Location:
Object No. 2021.283
Shelf: C-67
Publication: Choix de Terres Cuites Antiques du Cabinet de M. le Vicomte Hte de Janze, Photographiees par M. Laverdet et Reportees sur Pierre Lithographique par M. Poitevin, Imprimerie de Firmin Didot Freres, Fils, et Cie, Paris, 1857, pl VII
Other Collections: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Bibliotheque national de France, Paris, Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam
University of Cologne Archaeological Institute
Provenance: Explorations Photographiques, Yann Le Mouel, March 30, 2021, Lot 129
Rank: 34
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: Stephen Thompson
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: woodburytype
Size: 7 3/4 in x 6 in
Location:
Object No. 2025.153c
Shelf: M-26
Publication: Stephen Thompson, Masterpieces of Antique Art, Griffiths & Farran, London, 1878
Other Collections:
Provenance: Lavallin's Rare Books
Rank:
Notes: After Roger Fenton’s acrimonious separation from the British Museum, that institution relied on a number of photographers. Thompson was the most important of these, carrying out a number of projects for the museum in the 1860s and 1870s. In the end, however, the museum refused to make a permanent appointment for a photographer. That was not the first of Thompson’s problems. In the early 1850s he was the partner of William Wagstaff in the London studio of Wagstaff & Thompson. Wagstaff brought suit against him in 1856, trying to reclaim the 200 pounds he had paid for instruction. He had locked Thompson out of the studio and had hidden the cameras to hold for ransom, but Thompson broke in and retrieved them. The judge wisely ruled that, whereas the partnership should be dissolved, Wagstaff could not collect his tuition. Thompson’s lot improved after this incident. He received an award in the 1862 International Exhibition for his landscapes, architectural subjects, and reproductions of art. He later did contract work for the Autotype Company. (source: Luminous Lint)
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Maker:
Born:
Active: UK
Medium: autotype
Size: 5 3/4 in x 7 11/16 in
Location:
Object No. 2009.366a
Shelf: J-24
Publication:
Other Collections:
Notes: TBAL
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Maker: Samuel Bourne (1834-1912) & Charles Shepherd
Born: UK
Active: India
Medium: autotype
Size: 6 1/2 in x 3 3/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2017.058f
Shelf: PHO-1873
Publication: Marshall, William E., and G U. Pope. A Phrenologist Amongst the Todas, Or, the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India: History, Character, Customs, Religion, Infanticide, Polyandry, Language. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1873. pg 50
Other Collections:
Provenance:
Notes: From a “phrenological enquiry into the nature the barbarous races”. Of the 26 illustrations, 14 are from life and most if not all were taken by the well-known firm of Bourne & Shepherd as well as by Simla and Nicholas and Curths of Madras. They are interesting as they combine the exotic appeal of the primitive Indians with the careful vision of the recording scientist and anthropologist. “A particularly effective illustration of how photography could serve the needs of phrenology and physiognomy as applied to racial types” (Beauty of Another Order, p. 129) and a beautiful and classic example of the Autotype Company's use of the recently invented collotype ("Permanent illustrations by the Autotype Process” - Rye patent) and the application of improved photo-mechanical technique in scientific applications. (Hanson 1873:6)
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Maker: Karl Klietsch (1841-1926)
Born: Bohemia
Active: Austria
Medium: heliogravure - Karl Klic process
Size: 3 1/4 in x 2 1/2 in
Location:
Object No: 2019.772b
Shelf: PER-1882
Publication: The Year-Book of Photography and Photographic News Almanac for 1882; edited by H. Baden Pritchard; 12mo; p. 206, London: Piper & Carter, 1881.
David Hanson, Checklist of Photomechanical Processes and Printing 1825-1910, 2017, pg iv
William Crawford, The Keepers of the Light, Morgan & Morgan, Dobbs Ferry, 1979, pg 70
Nineteenth Century Photographs at the University of New Mexico Art Museum, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 1989, pg 115
Helmut Gernsheim, The Rise of Photography 1850-1880, The Age of Collodion, Thames and Hudson, London, 1988, pg 252
Helmut and Alison Gernsheim, The History of Photography, 1969, McGraw-Hill, New York, fig 215
Other Collections:
Provenance: Modern First Editions, Leeds, UK then Photoseed
Notes: This portrait of the Scottish photographic inventor Mungo Ponton is notable because of Ponton’s contributions to the history of Photography as well as it being the first example of a Karl Klič heliogravure (photogravure) published in Great Britain in 1881. The following remembrance of Ponton appeared in The British Journal of Photography nine months after his death: “Mungo Ponton was born at Balgreen, near Edinburgh, in the year 1801. He was educated for the legal profession, and, in due course, became a writer to the signet. He was one of the founders of the National Bank of Scotland, and it was in his office that the plans were matured for the establishment of that institution. He held the office of legal adviser to the bank, and subsequently that of secretary. The strain of the double duties thus imposed on him proved too much for his strength and a serious attack of illness compelled him to retire from active life while yet comparatively a young man. Since that time he continued more or loss of an invalid, but his intensely-active mind found congenial occupation in scientific and literary pursuits. He discovered the peculiar effect of light on gelatine when treated with the bichromate of potash, which was afterwards practically applied in the autotype process. Indeed, it is upon the sensitiveness of this salt to light, under certain conditions, that all the processes of permanent printing of the present day are based; and this discovery of his consequently marks the commencement of an era in photography, and renders his name as closely connected with the history of that art as are those of Niepce, Daguerre, and Talbot. It was in 1839—the very year in which the wonderful process of Daguerre was announced to the world—that Mungo Ponton called attention to bichromate of potash as a photographic agent, and described a process—the foundation of every subsequent permanent printing process—whereby, through that agent, durable impressions on paper might be produced. This discovery, which had been first announced to the Scottish Society of Arts on the 29th May, 1839, was given to the world in the Edinburgh New Philosophical Journal, vol. xxvii., 1839, under the title—Notice of a Cheap and Simple. Method of Preparing Paper for Photographic Drawing. He was the first who employed the photographic method for registering automatically the fluctuations in thermometers and other instruments, and for this invention he received also the silver medal of the same (the Scottish Society of Arts) society in 1845.” Mr. Ponton also experimented, we are informed, at a very early date in the production of enamel pictures, using plates of unbaked porcelain. In this branch of photography he secured a fair amount of success, and may be considered the founder of enamel photography.” Writing later in his History of Photography in 1905, and coincidentally or not paying lasting and permanent tribute to Ponton’s accomplishments via the groundbreaking photogravure process perfected by Karl Klič (1841-1926) was Josef Maria Eder. Eder contacted Klič in Vienna a scant two years after his photogravure process was revealed in 1879 in order to secure what would turn out to be the very first published example of his process in England on behalf of London’s Yearbook of Photography for 1882: “The English journals published Klič’s invention in 1881. The editor of the Photographic News and of the Yearbook of Photography, London, Captain Baden-Pritchard, requested this author to order from Klič a heliogravure of Mungo Ponton’s portrait and 2,000 impressions from it. This work appeared as an insert to the Yearbook for 1882 with the credit line, “Heliogravure by Klič, Vienna.” This was Klič’s debut in England, and it made the craftsmen there acquainted with his work.” Earlier, in the same volume, Eder explains the significance of Klič’s photogravure process: “The zenith of heliogravure by the etching method for beauty of results, as well as for sureness and rapidity of production, was reached by the painter and newspaper artist Karl Klič, at Vienna, who combined the pigment transfer process on grained copper plates with the etching process, and thus outstripped his predecessors. Klič is the creator of modern photogravure with aquatint grain on copper plates by means of the transfer of a pigment image and etching in iron chloride baths of various strengths, in which he etched the half-tone picture to different graduated depths.” Making note of the photograph itself, unattributed but which may have been taken by Klič in the last decade of Ponton’s life, editor Henry Baden-Pritchard or another author wrote the following in London’s Yearbook of Photography for 1882: “We ought to say a word about our portrait of Mungo-Ponton, an Englishman who may well be termed the discoverer of permanent photographic printing, for he it was who proposed, in 1839, the employment of bichromate in photography. Klic’s is an etching process upon copper, an imprint from a carbon diapositive being secured upon that metal. The mode of preparing the copper is a secret, but we may mention that the process is so quick, that within four or five days an engraved plate may be produced of considerable dimensions. Of the quality of the printing our readers can judge for themselves. Suffice it to say, the process is an inexpensive one, and that during the past year alone, no less than three hundred photo-engravings were produced. (source: Photoseed)
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Maker: Nicholas and Curths
Born: UK
Active: India
Medium: autotype
Size: 4 1/8 in x 5 5/8 in
Location:
Object No. 2017.058j
Shelf: PHO-1873
Publication: Marshall, William E., and G U. Pope. A Phrenologist Amongst the Todas, Or, the Study of a Primitive Tribe in South India: History, Character, Customs, Religion, Infanticide, Polyandry, Language. London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1873. pg 185
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Provenance:
Notes: From a “phrenological enquiry into the nature the barbarous races”. Of the 26 illustrations, 14 are from life and most if not all were taken by the well-known firm of Bourne & Shepherd as well as by Simla and Nicholas and Curths of Madras. They are interesting as they combine the exotic appeal of the primitive Indians with the careful vision of the recording scientist and anthropologist. “A particularly effective illustration of how photography could serve the needs of phrenology and physiognomy as applied to racial types” (Beauty of Another Order, p. 129) and a beautiful and classic example of the Autotype Company's use of the recently invented collotype ("Permanent illustrations by the Autotype Process” - Rye patent) and the application of improved photo-mechanical technique in scientific applications. (Hanson 1873:6)
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Maker: Alphonse Poitevin (1819-1882)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: document
Size: 7 in x 10.5 in
Location: UK
Object No. 2010.240c
Shelf: B-1
Publication:
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Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print.
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Maker: Musee Nicephore Niepce
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: exhibition catalog
Size 8.25 in x 8.25 in
Location: France
Object No. 2010.515
Shelf: B-1
Publication:
Other Collections:
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: Stephen Thompson
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: woodburytype
Size: 8 in x 6 1/4 in
Location:
Object No. 2025.153e
Shelf: M-26
Publication: Stephen Thompson, Masterpieces of Antique Art, Griffiths & Farran, London, 1878
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Provenance: Lavallin's Rare Books
Rank:
Notes: After Roger Fenton’s acrimonious separation from the British Museum, that institution relied on a number of photographers. Thompson was the most important of these, carrying out a number of projects for the museum in the 1860s and 1870s. In the end, however, the museum refused to make a permanent appointment for a photographer. That was not the first of Thompson’s problems. In the early 1850s he was the partner of William Wagstaff in the London studio of Wagstaff & Thompson. Wagstaff brought suit against him in 1856, trying to reclaim the 200 pounds he had paid for instruction. He had locked Thompson out of the studio and had hidden the cameras to hold for ransom, but Thompson broke in and retrieved them. The judge wisely ruled that, whereas the partnership should be dissolved, Wagstaff could not collect his tuition. Thompson’s lot improved after this incident. He received an award in the 1862 International Exhibition for his landscapes, architectural subjects, and reproductions of art. He later did contract work for the Autotype Company. (source: Luminous Lint)
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Maker:
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: autotype
Size: 9 5/8 in x 13 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.245b
Shelf: A-54
Publication: E. A. Bond, E. M. Thompson, Rev. H. O. Coxe, Rev. S. S. Lewis, Sir M. Digby Wyatt, Professor Westwood, F.H. Dickinson, and Professor Swainson. With a preface by A. Penrhyn Stanley, The Utrecht psalter; reports addressed to the trustees of the British Museum on the age of the manuscript, with three facsimiles, London, Williams and Norgate, 1874.
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Provenance:
Notes: This report is on an illuminated manuscript, now held at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, over which there had been some controversy as to its age. The Trustees of the British Museum had asked for a report from several distinguished scholars to resolve the matter. Included in the report are autotypes of three pages from the original manuscript.
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Maker:
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: autotype
Size: 9 5/8 in x 13 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.245d
Shelf: A-54
Publication: E. A. Bond, E. M. Thompson, Rev. H. O. Coxe, Rev. S. S. Lewis, Sir M. Digby Wyatt, Professor Westwood, F.H. Dickinson, and Professor Swainson. With a preface by A. Penrhyn Stanley, The Utrecht psalter; reports addressed to the trustees of the British Museum on the age of the manuscript, with three facsimiles, London, Williams and Norgate, 1874.
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Provenance:
Notes: This report is on an illuminated manuscript, now held at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, over which there had been some controversy as to its age. The Trustees of the British Museum had asked for a report from several distinguished scholars to resolve the matter. Included in the report are photoengravings of three pages from the original manuscript.
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Maker: Alphonse Poitevin (1819-1882)
Born: France
Active: France
Medium: photolithograph - Poitevin process
Size: 4.5" x 3.5"
Location: Italy
Object No. 2016.063
Shelf: B-1
Publication: Prestige de la Photographie, No 2, Editions e.p.a.,
Boulogne, 1977, pg 21
Other Collections:
Provenance: Poitevin archive
Notes: Alphonse Louis Poitevin (Conflans-sur-Anille, 1819 – Conflans-sur-Anille, 1882) was a French chemist, photographer and civil engineer who discovered the light–sensitive properties of bichromated gelatin and invented both the photolithography and collotype processes. He has been described as "one of the great unheralded figures in photography". In the 1850s he discovered that gelatin in combination with either potassium or ammonium bichromate hardens in proportion to the amount of light that falls on it. This discovery, significant for its capacity to facilitate the mass production of photographs, was later used by numerous figures such as Josef Albert, Joseph Wilson Swan, Paul Pretsch and Charles Nègre to develop subsequent photographic printing processes such as heliogravure, photogravure, collotype, autotype and carbon print. (Source: Wikiwand)
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Maker: J. A. Spencer (1826-1878)
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: albumen print
Size: 2 3/8 in x 2 1/2 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.279f
Shelf: J-15
Publication: M Digby Wyatt, Notices of sculpture in ivory,
consisting of a lecture on the history, methods, and chief productions of the art, delivered at the first annual general meeting of the Arundel society, on the 29th June, 1855, and a catalogue of specimens of ancient ivory-carvings in various collections, (casts of which are sold by the society in classes exemplifying the principal schools and periods) by Edmund Oldfield. With nine photographic illustrations, by J. A. Spencer.,Offices of the Arundel Society,, London, 1856, pg 14
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Notes: J. A. Spencer was the UKs largest manufacturer of albumenized paper. When Swan's carbon process was introduced he became one of the partners in the Autotype Company which changed its name in 1873 to Spencer, Sawyer and Bird. He died in 1878
This book was the first official use of photography in a publication by The Arundel Society. The photographs were used to illustrate a published version of a lecture given by Wyatt at the annual general meeting in 1855
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Maker:
Born: UK
Active: UK
Medium: autotype
Size: 9 5/8 in x 13 in
Location:
Object No. 2020.245c
Shelf: A-54
Publication: E. A. Bond, E. M. Thompson, Rev. H. O. Coxe, Rev. S. S. Lewis, Sir M. Digby Wyatt, Professor Westwood, F.H. Dickinson, and Professor Swainson. With a preface by A. Penrhyn Stanley, The Utrecht psalter; reports addressed to the trustees of the British Museum on the age of the manuscript, with three facsimiles, London, Williams and Norgate, 1874.
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Provenance:
Notes: This report is on an illuminated manuscript, now held at Utrecht University in the Netherlands, over which there had been some controversy as to its age. The Trustees of the British Museum had asked for a report from several distinguished scholars to resolve the matter. Included in the report are photoengravings of three pages from the original manuscript.
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For information about reproducing this image, visit: THE HISTORY OF PHOTOGRAPHY ARCHIVE