Caligula AE20 of Amphipolis, Macedonia. Emperor on horseback / Europa on bull. BMC 85.

If you are interested in Julio Claudian Iconography and portrait study you may enjoy these two links:

Julio Claudian Iconographic Association- Joe Geranio- Administrator at groups.yahoo.com/group/julioclaudian/

The Portraiture of Caligula- Joe Geranio- Administrator- at

portraitsofcaligula.com/

Both are non-profit sites and for educational use only.For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Articles 4 Health

articles for health

In rural Alaska, local women busy themselves making useful and decorative articles of clothing. It grows out of a long tradition, when the only type of clothes that people wore came from the surrounding wilds. Basically, even today, the most valuable use of mitts, slippers, jackets and other items are as presents to family members, or as gifts to others in the community. In Ahtna and Tanana Athabascan art, floral patterns are very popular. Not because this is like Hawaii, and there are flowers everywhere, all the time. But because Alaska is not like Hawaii. Alaska is draped in 9 months of winter. But the flowers signaling the promises of summer can be remembered through the colder months, whenever you look down at your feet walking across the cabin floor. These moosehide slippers were made by four Ahtna-Tanana women, all living near the border of the two regions of Alaska, where the Copper River and its headwaters meet the Alaska Range. They were made by Jenny Sanford of Mentasta, Vivian Tyone of Gulkana, Maggie Northway Roach of Tok, and Ruby Sinyon of Chistochina. (Posted for "Finding Alaska.")

Wheelers Hill Farmers' Market

When: 3rd Saturday

Time: 8am - 2pm

Where: Jells Park South, Ferntree Gully Rd, Wheelers Hill. (Mel 72 A10)

- Victorian Farmers' Markets Association

- Regional Farmers Markets

- The White Hat Guide to Farmers' & Growers' Markets in Victoria Fall in love with local food. When White Hat visited this market in August 2008 we found a good range of fresh produce in the very pleasant surrounds of Jells Park.

Photos:

- Boosey Creek Cheese booseycreekcheese.com.au

- North arm stalls

- South corner stalls

- West arm stalls

- Lop ear bunny

- Calanatha Cupcakes

- Chocolate Mud Texas Muffin - AUD3.50

- Olive and Onion Foccacia - Amici Bakery AUD3

- Tea Samples - Love Tea

- Love Tea stall

- What's in my swag

- Broadbeans in shell

- Shelled Broadbeans

- Spring Vegetable Minestrone with broadbeans, zucchini, carrot

- Caprese Salad with Blue Bay Goat Suluguni Cheese - Blue Bay Goat Cheese 200g $10 Blue Bay Cheese, Mornington - a Ukrainian cheesemaking legacy

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Articles and interviews

One of the articles talking about the mall getting a Merry go Round, I don't think it is in the mall anymore, I did not see it in there when I went there years ago following the completion of the remodel in 2005

Built on the 136 Acre Hillview Golf Course in the 70s. At the time that it was completed, Eastridge was, not sure if it still is, the largest indoor shopping mall in the West.

Not all was perfect with the building though, the mall itself is fine, the problems then and to this day lay with the Reid-Hillview Airport (not commercial airliners, rather small planes) across the street, the concern, well statement made by the airport was that planes were going to land on the mall property. Sure enough, it happened time and again, in the parking lots, on the mall itself and on the roof of the Penney's store.

Newspaper articles referring to this event:

trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/178338200?searchTerm=%...

and

trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/64190055?searchTerm=%2...

qwikLoadr™ Videos...

Janis Joplin | Try Live! • Vimeo™

Rock & Janis | Piece of My Heart Live! • Vimeo™

Lesson 2: the Lasso Tool | GrfxDziner

Lesson 2: the Lasso Tool | gwennie2006

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Boston Herald | Articles on Deanna Cremin Murder

Venus | HiltonFan • flickr.com

Venus | GrfxDziner • flickr.com

Venus | gwennie2006 • flickr.com

Stairway to Heaven | GrfxDziner.com

Deanna Cremin Memorial Foundation | GrfxDziner.com

_______________________________________________________

This is part of the Weekly Themes group.

The theme changes, and you post some of your work that relates to the current theme. It is quite interesting to see the photos.

fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/themeWired

fiveprime.org/hivemind/Tags/themeWired/

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Agrippa. Died AD 12. Æ As (30mm, 10.72 g, 7h). Rome mint. Struck under Caligula, AD 37-41. Head left, wearing rostral crown / Neptune standing slightly left, holding dolphin and trident. RIC I 58 (Gaius).For more on Caligulan Numismatic Articles see: Coins courtesy cngoins.com

Related Articles of Caligula from American Numismatic Society Library Search

Library Catalog Search (Preliminary Version)

Full Record: Barrett, Anthony A. The invalidation of currency in the Roman Empire : the Claudian demonetization of Caligula's AES. (1999)

Full Record: Bost, Jean-Pierre. Routes, cits et ateliers montaires : quelques remarques sur les officines hispaniques entre les rgnes d'Auguste en de Caligula. (1999)

Full Record: Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information de Grenoble. Grenoble : Bibliothque Municipale d'Etude et d'Information : catalogue des monnaies. II. Monnaies romaines. Monnaies impriales romaines. 2. Caligula - Neron . Index. / Bernard Rmy, Frdric Bontoux, Virginie Risler. (1998)

Full Record: Gainor, John R. The image of the Julio-Claudian dynasty from coins / by John R. Gainor.

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Monete romane imperiali del Museo G. B. Adriani. Parte 3, Caius (37-41 d.C.) / Rodolfo Martini. (2001)

Full Record: ACCLA privy to presentation by Richard Baker on Caligula. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 1. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 2. (2002)

Full Record: Wend, David A. Caligula, the emperor as autocrat. Part 3. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. Caligula on the Lower Rhine : Coin finds from the Roman Fort of Albaniana (The Netherlands) / Fleur Kemmers. (2004)

Full Record: Estiot, Sylviane. Le trsor de Meussia (Jura) : 399 monnaies d'argent d'poques rpublicaine et julio-claudienne / Sylviane Estiot, Isabelle Aymar. (2002)

Full Record: Gocht, Hans. Namenstilgungen an Bronzemünzen des Caligula und Claudius / Hans Gocht. (2003)

Full Record: Gomis Justo, Marivi. Ercavica : La emision de Caligula. Estimacion del numero de cunos originales.

Full Record: Sayles, Wayne G. Fakes on the Internet. (2002)

Full Record: Kemmers, Fleur. The coin finds from the Roman fort Albaniana, the Netherlands / Fleur Kemmers . (2005)

Full Record: Lopez Snchez, Fernando. La afirmacion soberana de Caligula y de Claudio y el fin de las acunaciones ciudadanas en occidente / Fernando Lopez Snchez. (2000)

Full Record: Besombes, Paul-Andr. Les monnaies hispaniques de Claude Ier des dpôts de la Vilaine (Rennes) et de Saint-Lonard (Mayenne) : tmoins de quel type de contact entre l'Armorique et la pninsule ibrique ? / Paul-Andr Besombes. (2005)

Full Record: Catalli, Fiorenzo. Le thesaurus de Sora / Fiorenzo Catalli et John Scheid.

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Faux deniers de Caligula de la Renaissance.

Full Record: Vermeule, Cornelius. Faces of Empire (Julius Caesar to Justinian). Part II(B), More young faces : Caligula again and Nero reborn / Cornelius Vermeule. (2005)

Full Record: Geranio, Joe. Portraits of Caligula : the seated figure? / Joe Geranio. (2007)

Full Record: Aguilera Hernandez, Alberto. Acerca de un as de Caligula hallado en Zaragoza / Alberto Aguilera Hernandez. (2007)

Full Record: Butcher, K. E. T. Caligula : the evil emperor. (1985)

Full Record: Fuchs, Michaela. Frauen um Caligula und Claudius : Milonia Caesonia, Drusilla und Messalina. (1990)

Full Record: Faur, Jean-Claude. Moneda de Caligula de Museo Arqueologico Provincial de Tarragona. (1979)

Full Record: British Museum. Dept. of coins and medals. Coins of the Roman Empire in the British museum. Vol. I: Augustus to Vitellius / by Harold Mattingly. (1976)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. A Caligula Isotope of Hadrian. (1968)

Full Record: Conrad, Edwin. The Metamorphosis of an Allegad 'As of Hadrian.' (1968)

Full Record: Bendall, Simon. A 'new' gold quinarius of Caligula. (1985)

Full Record: Cortellini, Nereo. Le monete di Caligola nel Cohen.

Full Record: Guey, Julien. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula "Immensi Avreorvm Acervi (Sutone, Cal., 42,3).

Full Record: Guey, J. Les "bains d'or" de Caligula : Sutone, Cal. 42, 3.

Full Record: Curry, Michael R. The Aes Quadrans of Caligula. (1968)

Full Record: Jonas, Elemr. L'emploi dar "damnatio memoriae" sur l'un des "dupondius" de Calgula. (1937)

Full Record: Julian, R. W. The coins of Caligula. (1994)

Full Record: Donciu, Ramiro. Cu privire la activitatea militara a lui Caius (Caligula) in anul 40 e.n. (1983)

Full Record: Hansen, Peter. A history of Caligula's Vesta. (1992)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Augustus, Caligula oder Caludius? (1978)

Full Record: Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Die Organisation der Münzprgung Caligulas. (1987)

Full Record: Johansen, Flemming S. The sculpted portraits of Caligula. (1987)

Full Record: Carter, G. F. Chemical compositions of copper-based Roman coins. V : imitations of Caligula, Claudius, and Nero / G. F. Carter and others. (1978)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. L'atelier de Lyon sous Auguste : Tibre et Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Les missions d'or et d'argent de Caligula dans l'atelier de Lyon. (1976)

Full Record: Giard, Jean-Baptiste. Le monnayage de l'atelier de Lyon des origines au rgne de Caligula (43 avant J.-C. - 41 aprs J.-C.). (1983)

Full Record: Nony, D. Quelques as d'imitation de Caligula trouves a Bordeaux (Gironde). (1981)

Full Record: Levy, Brooks Emmons. Caligula's radiate crown. (1988)

Full Record: Poulsen, Vagn. Un nouveau visage de Caligula. (1972)

Full Record: Price, Martin Jessop. Elephant in Crete? New light ona cistophorus of Caligula. (1973)

Full Record: MacInnis, H. Frank. Ego-driven emperor commits excesses. (1979)

Full Record: McKenna, Thomas P. The case of the curious coin of Caligula : a provincial bronze restruck with legend-only dies. (1994)

Full Record: Mowat, Robert. Bronzes remarquables de Tibre, de son fils, de ses petits-fils et de Caligula. (1911)

Full Record: Koenig, Franz E. Roma, monete dal Tevere : l'imperatore Gaio (Caligola). (1988)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. Caligula's coins profile despot. (1993)

Full Record: Kollgaard, Ron. A numismatic mystery : "the Caligula quadrans." (1994)

Full Record: Martini, Rodolfo. Osservazioni su contromarche ed erosioni su assi de Caligula. (1980)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Moneta Imperii Romani. Band 2 und 3. Die Münzprgung der Kaiser Tiberius und Caius (Caligula) 14/41 / von Wolfgang Szaivert. (1984)

Full Record: Boschung, Dietrich. Die Bildnisse des Caligula. Kaenel, Hans-Markus von. Jucker, Hans. Deutsches Archaologisches Institut. Das Romische Herrscherbild. 1. Abt., Bd. 4, Die Bildnisse des Caligula / Dietrich Boschung ; mit einem Beitrag von Hans-Markus von Kaenel ; auf Grund der Vorarbeiten und Marterialsammlungen von Hans Jucker. (1989)

Full Record: Rosborough, Ruskin R. An epigraphic commentary on Suetonius's life of Gaius Caligula. A thesis...for the...Doctor of Philosophy. (1920)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. A propos de l'aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Richard, Jean-Claude. Un aureus de Caligula dcouvert Saint-Colomban-des-Villards (Savoie). (1982)

Full Record: Ritter, Hans-Werner. Adlocutio und Corona Civica unter Caligula und Tiberius. (1971)

Full Record: Kumpikevicius, Gordon C. A numismatic look at Gaius. (1979)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. La coerenza di Caligola nella gestione della moneta / Adriano Savio. (1988)

Full Record: Savio, Adriano. Note su alcune monete di Gaio-Caligola. (1973)

Full Record: Stylow, Armin U. Die Quadranten des Caligula als Propaganda-münzen.münzen" aus der stdtischen sammlung zu Osnabrück. (1971)

Full Record: Schwartz, Jacques. Le Monnayage Snatorial entre 37 et 42 P.C. (1951)

Full Record: Rodolfo Martini, ed. Sylloge nummorum Romanorum. Italia. Milano, Civiche Raccolte Numismatiche Vol. 1 Giulio-Claudii / a cura di Rodolfo Martini. (1990)

Full Record: Szaivert, Wolfgang. Zur Julisch-Claudischen Münzprgung. (1979)

Full Record: Vedrianus. The Roman Imperial series. V. Gaius. (1963)

Full Record: Tietze, Christian M. Kaiser Cajus Caesar, genannt Caligula. (1979)

Full Record: Wood, Susan. Diva Drusilla Panthea and the sisters of Caligula / Susan Wood. (1995)

Full Record: Sutherland, Carol Humphrey Vivian. Coinage in Roman imperial policy 31 B.C.-A.D. 68. (1951)

Full Record: Sutherland, C. H. V. The mints of Lugdunum and Rome under Gaius : an unsolved problem. (1981)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Familienpropaganda der Kaiser Caligula und Claudius : Agrippina Maior und Antonia Augusta auf Münzen. (1978)

Full Record: Voirol, August. Eine Warenumsatzsteuer im antiken Rom und der numismatische Beleg inher Aufhebung : Centesima rerum venalium. (1943)

Full Record: Trillmich, Walter. Zur Münzprgung des Caligula von Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza). (1973)

Articles 4 Health

articles for health

Amputee Articles

Civil War in-field church articles. See additional scenes of this Civil War re-enactment at Madison CT Bauer Park at www.flickr.com/photos/bobphoto51/sets/72157636069067564/

www.nature.com/articles/d41586-022-00215-2

Where did Omicron come from? Three key theories

The highly transmissible variant emerged with a host of unusual mutations. Now scientists are trying to work out how it evolved.

Little more than two months after it was first spotted in South Africa, the Omicron variant of the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has spread around the world faster than any previous versions. Scientists have tracked it in more than 120 countries, but remain puzzled by a key question: where did Omicron come from?

There’s no transparent path of transmission linking Omicron to its predecessors. Instead, the variant has an unusual array of mutations, which it evolved entirely outside the view of researchers. Omicron is so different from earlier variants, such as Alpha and Delta, that evolutionary virologists estimate its closest-known genetic ancestor probably dates back to more than a year ago, some time after mid-2020 (ref. 1). “It just came out of nowhere,” says Darren Martin, a computational biologist at the University of Cape Town, South Africa.

The question of Omicron’s origins is of more than academic importance. Working out under what conditions this highly transmissible variant arose might help scientists to understand the risk of new variants emerging, and suggest steps to minimize it, says Angela Rasmussen, a virologist at the University of Saskatchewan Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization in Saskatoon, Canada. “It’s very difficult to try to mitigate a risk that you can’t even remotely wrap your head around,” she says.

The World Health Organization’s recently formed Scientific Advisory Group for the Origins of Novel Pathogens (SAGO) met in January to discuss Omicron’s origins. The group is expected to release a report in early February, according to Marietjie Venter, a medical virologist at the University of Pretoria in South Africa, who chairs SAGO.

Ahead of that report, scientists are investigating three theories. Although researchers have sequenced millions of SARS-CoV-2 genomes, they might simply have missed a series of mutations that eventually led to Omicron. Alternatively, the variant might have evolved mutations in one person, as part of a long-term infection. Or it could have emerged unseen in other animal hosts, such as mice or rats.

For now, whichever idea a researcher favours “often comes down to gut feeling rather than any sort of principled argument”, says Richard Neher, a computational biologist at the University of Basel in Switzerland. “They are all fair game,” says Jinal Bhiman, a medical scientist at the National Institute for Communicable Diseases in Johannesburg, South Africa. “Everyone has their favourite hypothesis.”

Craziest genome

Researchers agree that Omicron is a recent arrival. It was first detected in South Africa and Botswana in early November 2021 (see ‘Omicron takeover’); retrospective testing has since found earlier samples from individuals in England on 1 and 3 November, and in South Africa, Nigeria and the United States on 2 November. An analysis of the mutation rate in hundreds of sequenced genomes, and of how quickly the virus had spread through populations by December, dates its emergence to not long before that — around the end of September or early October last year2. In southern Africa, Omicron probably spread from the dense urban province of Gauteng, between Johannesburg and Pretoria, to other provinces and to neighbouring Botswana.

But because Johannesburg is home to the largest airport on the African continent, the variant could have emerged anywhere in the world — merely being picked up in South Africa because of the country’s sophisticated genetic surveillance, says Tulio de Oliveira, a bioinformatician at the University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban and at Stellenbosch University’s Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation, who has led South Africa’s efforts to track viral variants, including Omicron.

What stands out about Omicron is its remarkable number of mutations. Martin heard about it when he took a phone call from de Oliveira, who asked him to look at the craziest SARS-CoV-2 genome he had ever seen.

The variant has more than 50 mutations when compared with the original SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in Wuhan, China (see go.nature.com/32utxva). Some 30 of these contribute to changes in amino acids in the spike protein1, which the coronavirus uses to attach to and fuse with cells. Previous variants of concern have had no more than ten such spike mutations. “That is a hell of a lot of changes,” says Neher (see ‘Most mutated’).

Researchers have seen many of these mutations before. Some were previously known to give the virus an increased ability to bind to the ACE2 receptor protein — which adorns host cells and is the docking point for SARS-CoV-2 — or to help it evade the body’s immune system. Omicron forms a stronger grip on ACE2 than do previously seen variants3. It is also better at evading the virus-blocking ‘neutralizing’ antibodies4 produced by people who have been vaccinated, or who have been infected with earlier variants. Other changes in the spike protein seem to have modified how Omicron enters cells: it appears to be less adept at fusing directly with the cell’s membrane, and instead tends to gain entry after being engulfed in an endosome (a lipid-surrounded bubble).

But more than a dozen of Omicron’s mutations are extremely rare: some have not been seen at all before, and others have popped up but disappeared again quickly, presumably because they gave the virus a disadvantage1.

Another curious feature of Omicron is that, from a genomic viewpoint, it consists of three distinct sublineages (called BA.1, BA.2 and BA.3) that all seem to have emerged at around the same time — two of which have taken off globally. That means Omicron had time to diversify before scientists noticed it. Any theory about its origins has to take this feature into account, as well as the number of mutations, notes Joel Wertheim, a molecular epidemiologist at the University of California, San Diego.

Silent spread

Researchers have explained the emergence of previous variants of concern through a simple process of gradual evolution. As SARS-CoV-2 replicates and transmits from person to person, random changes crop up in its RNA sequence, some of which persist. Scientists have observed that, in a given lineage, about one or two single-letter mutations a month make it into the general viral circulation — a mutation rate about half that of influenza. It is also possible for chunks of coronavirus genomes to shuffle and recombine wholesale, adds Kristian Andersen, an infectious-disease researcher at Scripps Research in La Jolla, California. And viruses can evolve faster when there is selection pressure, he says, because mutations are more likely to stick around if they give the virus an increased ability to propagate under certain environmental conditions.

Some scientists think that person-to-person spread would not be conducive to accumulating as many changes as Omicron has since mid-2020. “It does seem like a year and a half is a really short period of time for that many mutations to emerge and to apparently be selected for,” says Rasmussen.

But Bhiman argues that enough time has elapsed. She thinks the mutation process could have occurred unseen, in a region of the world that has limited genomic sequencing and among people who don’t typically get tested, perhaps because they didn’t have symptoms. At some point in the past few months, she says, something happened to help Omicron explode, maybe because the progress of other variants — such as Delta — was gradually impeded by the immunity built up from vaccination and previous infection, whereas Omicron was able to evade this barrier.

Although researchers have submitted almost 7.5 million SARS-CoV-2 sequences to the GISAID genome database, hundreds of millions of viral genomes from people with COVID-19 worldwide have not been sequenced. South Africa, with some 28,000 genomes, has sequenced less than 1% of its known COVID-19 cases, and many nearby countries, from Tanzania to Zimbabwe and Mozambique, have submitted fewer than 1,000 sequences to GISAID (see ‘Missing genomes’).

Martin says that researchers need to sequence SARS-CoV-2 genomes from these countries to get a better sense of the likelihood of unobserved evolution. It is possible that the three sublineages of Omicron each separately arrived in South Africa from a region with limited sequencing capacity, he says.

But de Oliveira says the scenario that Omicron evolved unseen through person-to-person transmission is “extremely implausible”. Intermediate steps in Omicron’s evolution should have been picked up in viral genomes from people travelling from countries that do little sequencing to those that do a lot.

“This is not the nineteenth century, where you take six months to go from point to point by sailboat,” says Sergei Pond, a computational evolutionary biologist at Temple University in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.

And Andersen adds that, because some of Omicron’s mutations haven’t been seen before, the variant might have evolved in an environment not involving person-to-person chains of transmission. Some of the changes in Omicron don’t match any seen even in the broader viral group of sarbecoviruses, which includes the virus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). For example, one particular site on the genomes of all known sarbecoviruses encodes a serine amino acid, but a mutation in Omicron means the variant has a lysine at that position1, which changes the biochemistry of that region, Andersen says.

However, says Jesse Bloom, a viral evolutionary geneticist at the Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center in Seattle, Washington, SARS-CoV-2 has not yet explored all of its possibilities in people. “The virus is still expanding in the evolutionary space.”

Chronic infection

An alternative incubator for fast-paced evolution is a person with a chronic infection. There, the virus can multiply for weeks or months, and different types of mutation can emerge to dodge the body’s immune system. Chronic infections give the virus “the opportunity to play cat and mouse with the immune system”, says Pond, who thinks it is a plausible hypothesis for Omicron’s emergence.

Such chronic infections have been observed in people with compromised immune systems who cannot easily get rid of SARS-CoV-2. For example, a December 2020 case report described a 45-year-old man with a persistent infection5. During almost five months in its host, SARS-CoV-2 accumulated close to a dozen amino-acid changes in its spike protein. Some researchers suggest Alpha emerged in someone with a chronic infection, because, like Omicron, it seems to have accumulated changes at an accelerated rate (see go.nature.com/3yj6kmh).

“The virus has to change to stick around,” says Ben Murrell, an interdisciplinary virologist at the Karolinska Institute in Stockholm. The receptor-binding domain, where many of Omicron’s mutations are concentrated, is an easy target for antibodies, and probably comes under pressure to change in a long-term infection.

But none of the viruses from individuals with chronic infections studied so far has had the scale of mutations observed in Omicron. Achieving that would require high rates of viral replication for a long time, which would presumably make that person very unwell, says Rasmussen. “It seems like a lot of mutations for just one person.”

Further complicating the picture, Omicron’s properties could stem from combinations of mutations working together. For example, two mutations found in Omicron — N501Y together with Q498R — increase a variant’s ability to bind to the ACE2 protein by almost 20 times, according to cell studies. Preliminary research by Martin and his colleagues suggests that the dozen or so rare mutations in Omicron form three separate clusters, in which they seem to work together to compensate for the negative effects of any single one1.

If this is the case, it means that the virus would have to replicate sufficiently in a person’s body to explore the effects of combinations of mutations — which would take longer to achieve than if it were sampling the space of possible mutations one by one.

One possibility is that multiple individuals with chronic infections were involved, or that Omicron’s ancestor came from someone with a long-term infection and then spent some time in the general population before being detected. “There are a lot of open questions,” says Rasmussen.

Proving this theory is close to impossible, because researchers would need to be lucky enough to find the particular person or group that could have sparked Omicron’s emergence. Still, more comprehensive studies of SARS-CoV-2’s evolution in chronic infections would help to map out the range of possibilities, says Neher.

Mouse or rat

Omicron might not have emerged in a person at all. SARS-CoV-2 is a promiscuous virus: it has spread to a wild leopard, to hyenas and hippopotamuses at zoos, and into pet ferrets and hamsters. It has caused havoc in mink farms across Europe, and has infiltrated populations of white-tailed deer throughout North America. And Omicron might be able to enter a broader selection of animals. Cell-based studies have found that, unlike earlier variants, Omicron’s spike protein can bind to the ACE2 protein of turkeys, chickens and mice.

One study found that the N501Y–Q498R combination of mutations allows variants to bind tightly to rat ACE2 (ref. 6). And Robert Garry, a virologist at Tulane University in New Orleans, Louisiana, notes that several other mutations in Omicron have been seen in SARS-CoV-2 viruses adapting to rodents in laboratory experiments.

The types of single-nucleotide substitution observed in Omicron’s genome also seem to reflect those typically observed when coronaviruses evolve in mice, and do not match as well with the switches that are observed in coronaviruses adapting to people, according to a study of 45 mutations in Omicron8. The study noted that, in human hosts, G to U substitutions tend to occur in RNA viruses at a higher rate than C to A switches do, but that Omicron does not show this pattern.

It is possible, then, that SARS-CoV-2 could have acquired mutations that gave it access to rats — jumping from an ill person to a rat, possibly through contaminated sewage — and then spread and evolved into Omicron in that animal population. An infected rat could later have come into contact with a person, sparking the emergence of Omicron. The three sublineages of Omicron are sufficiently distinct that, according to this theory, each would represent a separate jump from animal to human.

A large population of animals with infections lasting longer than in humans could give SARS-CoV-2 room to explore a wide diversity of mutations and “build up a large ghost population of viruses that no one knows about”, says Martin, who says he finds this ‘reverse zoonosis’ theory convincing. Changes that make the virus better at spreading in its animal host won’t necessarily affect its ability to infect people, he says.

An animal reservoir could also explain why some of the mutations in Omicron have been rarely seen before in people, says Andersen.

In the dark

But others say that even a single viral jump from an animal to a person is a rare event — let alone three. Meanwhile, the virus has had plenty of opportunities to slip between people. And although some of Omicron’s mutations have been seen in rodents, that doesn’t mean they can’t happen or haven’t occurred in people, too, and have simply been missed.

Murrell also points out that SARS-CoV-2 didn’t immediately go through a period of accelerated evolution after jumping to people for the first time. When it spread to mink and deer, it did pick up changes, but not as many mutations as Omicron has accumulated, says Spyros Lytras, an evolutionary virologist at the University of Glasgow, UK. This means that the evidence isn’t sufficient to suggest Omicron’s predecessor would have undergone rapid selection after finding a new home in the wild.

To confirm this theory, researchers would need to find close relatives of Omicron in another animal, but they haven’t been looking — “something that has been horribly neglected”, says Martin. Since the pandemic began, researchers have sequenced fewer than 2,000 SARS-CoV-2 genomes isolated from other animals, mostly from mink, cats and deer.

Now that Omicron has taken off, how it evolves in people could offer more clues about its origins. It might, for instance, shed mutations that, in retrospect, are found to have helped it adapt to a different animal host, or in a person with a chronic infection. But it could also not change by much, leaving researchers in the dark.

The answer to Omicron’s emergence will probably be one or a combination of the three scenarios, says Bloom. But, he adds, researchers are far from explaining the processes that brought Omicron here, let alone predicting what the next variant will look like.

And many scientists say they might never find out where Omicron came from. “Omicron really shows us the need for humility in thinking about our ability to understand the processes that are shaping the evolution of viruses like SARS-CoV-2,” says Bloom.

Nature 602, 26-28 (2022)

doi: doi.org/10.1038/d41586-022-00215-2

Amputee Articles

Chevreuse, dans les Yvelines.

Pro photos of Grandad for later use in newspaper articles on the 50th Anniversary of D-Day.

James.

sitting.

flags.

from Dad.

Nanny and Grandad's house, Normandy, Alexandria, Virginia, France.

May 19, 1994.

Pic by Frank Johnson.

... Read my blog at ClintJCL.wordpress.com

James Bernard L, my grandfather (dad's dad). Born 2/18/1922 in Fairmont, WV. Died 12/18/2001 in Arlington, VA.

Son of James and Minnie

Husband of Maria Clara ("Ronnie")

Father of Victor (dad)

Brother of Arnold Ray, Lena May and Charles

James Bernard L was a long-serving member of the 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division, and its Association. He joined the National Guard in 1936, then the 16th Infantry in 1940 at Fort Jay, New York. In the Allied landings in Africa in November, 1942, he was the Regimental Sergeant Major. He fought in Sicily and later, in the Normandy Invasion, as a Warrant Officer under General Omar Bradley. He continued with the 16th Infantry through France, the Battle of the Bulge, Germany and Czechoslovakia, earning a Silver Star.

After the war, he served at Fort Knox, Kentucky, the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Pentagon, Fort Shafter, Hawaii, Ft. Sam Houstin in San Antonio, TX, and the Adjutant Generals School, Fort Benjamin Harrison, Indiana, where he retired in 1960 as a CWO-4.

James then became one of the strongest supporters of the Regimental Association, writing many articles and booklets produced by the Association, and was a contributor, editor, and participant in the production of the recent volume of the regiment's history, "Blood and Sacrifice."

James was also an avid flag collector and member of NAVA, and a longtime philatelist.

Ronnie L, born Maria Clara Rechen, is Clint's grandmother (dad's mom). Born 10/25/1918 in Lvov, Poland. Died 11/13/2003 in Alexandria, VA.

Daughter of Jozefa and Jacob, she was the only survivor of the holocaust in her family. She was liberated from a work camp by Clint's grandfather (James Bernard L.), who stormed Normandy 20 minutes into the D-Day invasion.

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The special event in front of Cheongwadae by Military Hornor Guards(Every Saturday between 10:30 - 11:30 / In case of rain, the event will be canceled)

Cheongwadae, Jongno-gu, Seoul

2013.04.13.

(Korea.net an articles about Cheong Wa Dae Special Event)

Cheong Wa Dae, a must visit on Saturday

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국방부 소속의 의장대와 군악대가 펼치는 의장행사는 혹서/혹한기를 제외한 4-6월, 10-11월의 5개월간 매주 토요일 오전 10시30분부터 11시30분까지 실시

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It was in a Hungarian magazine Élet és Tudomány (Life and Science), 26.10.2010

NEW DAWN FADES - THE STORY OF JOY DIVISION, by Brian Gorman, sold out at Greater Manchester Fringe Festival in July 2013 before going on a UK tour.

Directed by actor NEIL BELL (a familiar face in TV’s Downton Abbey and Coronation Street, plus the cult movie Dead Man’s Shoes), this is the classic story of four ordinary lads who, inspired by the punk revolution of the 1970s, came together to form one of the most influential bands of all time. Lead singer Ian Curtis' suicide in 1980, and the band's transformation into the hugely successful New Order.

This stage production combined the band's history with the city of Manchester and Salford, taking inspiration from Curtis' enigmatic lyrics, and involving many real-life characters such as Roman General Julius Agricola (who built the military encampment in the 5th century AD) AND Dr John Dee (Elizabeth the First's adviser).

MICHAEL WHITTAKER played the iconic Ian Curtis, with NATALIE-MARIE PERRY as his wife Debbie. Joy Division band members Barney Sumner, Peter Hook, and Stephen Morris were played by SEAN CROKE, GUY WILLS, and ANDREW MICHAEL GROGAN.

Tony Wilson provided LEE JOSEPH with some mighty big shoes to step into, while GILES BASTOW played band manager Rob Gretton. SEAN MASON completed the cast as eccentric record producer Martin Hannett.

Photograph: SHAY ROWAN

SOME OF THE OTHER ARTICLES:

Manchester Evening News: www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/whats-on/theatre/fringe-f...

Manchester Theatre Awards: manchestertheatreawards.com/reviews/335

The Public Reviews: www.thepublicreviews.com/new-dawn-fades-the-lass-ogowrie-...

Blog: greater-manchester-fringe.blogspot.co.uk/2013/07/new-dawn...

Louder Than War: louderthanwar.com/new-dawn-fades-review-of-new-play-about...

Northern Soul: www.northernsoul.me.uk/new-dawn-fades-the-story-of-joy-di...

Mudkiss: www.mudkiss.com/newdawnfadesplay.htm

Salford Star: www.salfordstar.com/article.asp?id=1882

WANT TO PERFORM AT GREATER MANCHESTER FRINGE?

Greater Manchester Comedy Festival 1-10 November 2015

Greater Manchester Fringe Festival 1-31 July 2016

Register online: www.greatermanchesterfringe.co.uk

Email: gmfringe@gmail.com

BELUR MATH

Beluṛ Maṭh (Bengali: বেলুড় মঠ) is the headquarters of the Ramakrishna Math and Mission, founded by Swami Vivekananda, a chief disciple of Ramakrishna Paramahamsa. It is located on the west bank of Hooghly River, Belur, West Bengal, India and is one of the significant institutions in Calcutta.[2] This temple is the heart of the Ramakrishna Movement. The temple is notable for its architecture that fuses Hindu, Christian and Islamic motifs as a symbol of unity of all religions. In 2007 Belurmath railway station was also inaugurated which is dedicated to Belurmath temple

In January 1897, Swami Vivekananda arrived in Colombo with his small group of Western disciples. Two monasteries were founded by him, one at Belur, which became the headquarters of Ramakrishna Mission and the other at Mayavati on the Himalayas, in Champawat Dist. Uttrakhand called the Advaita Ashrama.[4][5]These monasteries were meant to receive and train young men who would eventually become sannyasis of the Ramakrishna Mission, and to give them a training for their work. The same year the philanthropic activity was started and relief of the famine was carried out.[5]

Swami Vivekananda's days as a parivrajaka (wandering monk) before his visit to Parliament of Religions, took him through many parts of India and he visited several architectural monuments like the Taj Mahal, Fatehpur Sikri palaces, Diwan–I–Khas, palaces of Rajasthan, ancient temples of Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and other places. During his tour in America and Europe, he came across buildings of architectural importance of Modern, Medieval, Gothic and Renaissance styles. It is reported that Vivekananda incorporated these ideas in the design of the Belur Math temple.[6]

Swami Vijnanananda, a brother-monk of Swami Vivekananda and one of the monastic disciples of Ramakrishna, who was, in his pre-monastic life, a civil engineer, designed the temple according to the ideas of Vivekananda and Swami Shivananda, the then President of Belur Math laid the foundation stone on 16 May 1935. The massive construction was handled by Martin Burn & Co.. The mission proclaims the Belur Math as, "A Symphony in Architecture"

The 40-acre (160,000 m2) campus of the Belur Math on the banks of the Ganges includes temples dedicated to Ramakrishna, Sarada Devi and Swami Vivekananda, in which their relics are enshrined, and the main monastery of the Ramakrishna Order. The campus also houses a Museum containing articles connected with the history of Ramakrishna Math and Mission. Several educational institutions affiliated with the Ramakrishna Mission are situated in the vast campus adjacent to Belur Math.[8] The Belur Math is considered as one of the prime tourist spots near Kolkata[9] and place of pilgrimage by devotees.[10][11] The ex-president APJ Abdul Kalam regarded Belur Math as a "place of heritage and national importance.

The design of the temple was envisioned by Swami Vivekananda and the architect was Swami Vijnanananda, a direct monastic disciple of Ramakrishna. Sri Ramakrishna Temple was consecrated on 14 January, the Makar Sankranti Day in 1938.

The Ramakrishna temple at the Belur Math is designed to "celebrate the diversity of Indian Religions"[2] and resembles a temple, a mosque, a church if seen from different positions.[13][14][15] The architectural style and symbolism from a number of religions have been incorporated into the design of the temple at Belur Math, to convey the "universal faith" in which the movement believes.[16][17] The temple is considered as a prime example of the importance of "material dimension" of religion.[16]

The main entrance of the temple, has a facade influenced by Buddhist styles in the Buddhist stupa at Sanchi & the main entrance of the Ajanta Caves.The structure which rises over the entrance is modelled on the Hindu temples of South India with their lofty towers. The windows and balconies inside the temple draw upon the Rajput(Hindu) and Mughal (Islamic) style of north India. The central dome is derived from European architecture of St. Maria-Del-Florence in Italy built during the Renaissanceperiod. The ground plan is in the shape of Christian cross.[2][16]

The height of the temple is 112.5 feet (34.3 m) and covers a total area of 32,900 sq ft (3,060 m2). The temple mainly is built of chunar stone and some portion in the front is of cement. The high entrance of the temple is like a South Indian Gopuram and the pillars on both sides represent Buddhistic architectural style. The three umbrella-like domes on the top built in Rajput-Moghul styles give an idea of thatched roofs of the village Kamarpukur.

The circular portion of the entrance is an intermingling of Ajanta style with Hindu architecture and within it, placing the emblem of the Order is representation of beauty and solemnity. Just above seen is a replica of a Shiva lingam. The natmandira, the spacious congregational hall attached to the sanctum, resembles a church, especially of St Peter's Church in Rome.The pillars in a line on its both sides are according to Doric or Greek style. The beam above is held by decorative brackets similar to the Meenakshi Temple at Madurai in Tamil Nadu.The elaborate designs on the pillars resemble the Orissa style.

The hanging balconies above the natmandir and the windows show the effect of Moghul architecture used in the Fatehpur Sikri.The broad parikrama path for doing circumambulatory rounds on all sides of the garbhamandira (sanctum sanctorum) are built like Buddhist chaityas and Christian Churches. The lattice work statues of Navagraha figures are etched on semi-circular top of outside the temple. The golden kalasha is placed on the top of the temple and has a full-bloomed lotusbelow. The architecture of the big dome and of the other domes show a shade of Islamic, Rajput, Bengali terracotta and Lingaraj Temple styles. The entrance doors on both east and west of the temple having pillars on both sides are like the elegant gateways of the Manmandir in Gwalior Fort. Ganesha and Hanuman images, representing success and power are carved above them.

By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com

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This morning I took the train to Bologna (look at my hair, it was a very windy day), I had an meeting with a girl of the editorial staff of the journal-diary I cooperate with, I wanted to buy one of their new published book, but she offered it because - she said - I write articles for them every month...thanks a lot for the gift!!

(29/365)

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Day 113-Its that time again where I have to read articles and extrapolate data from it to further my on research. This is an example of what I worked on today. I totally forgot how much I dislike doing all this. Its the matter of trying to figure out what I need and dont and the weeding out process takes time.

findarticles.com/p/news-articles/buffalo-news/mi_8030/is_...

Ruby L. Hubbard, a longtime Buffalo resident who was active in her community and church, died last Thursday in Cincinnati, where she moved in 2004. She was 84.

She is survived by a son, Gregory L. of Cincinnati; a brother, Leslie Davis of Greensboro, N.C.; a sister, Eve Newsome of Bear, Del.; and two grandchildren.

www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=messageList&co...

Solar powered lights at graves seems to be a new trend at some of the cemeteries

dying.lovetoknow.com/Solar_Powered_Grave_Lights

Solar-powered grave lights were the source of controversy recently, as Cheshire officials informed bereaved parents that they would not be permitted to memorialize their son in this way. Jean and Peter Robinson wanted to install two lights on their son Sean's grave. The 10-year-old boy had died from what was described as a "brain disorder." Shortly before his death, he asked his parents "not to leave him in the dark."

Council officials cited health and safety concerns for cemetery maintenance workers as the reason for this course of action. Keeping the grounds well-manicured is much more difficult when extra items are placed on the grave site.

www.walnuthillscemetery.org/

Walnut Hills Cemetery is one of Cincinnati's oldest, operating establishments. It opened in 1843 under the name of "The Second German Protestant Cemetery". On Sept. 25, 1941, the name was officially changed to Walnut Hills Cemetery. Currently, the cemetery sits on over 70 rolling acres of Walnut Hills in Cincinnati, Ohio with over 50,000 burials.

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Venice...floods about 100 times a year, beginning in October and running through late winter. I'm attaching an excellent article from Rick Steves's website that explains this, and also adding my personal observations and discussions with locals.

First, Steves's article, "Is Venice Sinking?":

www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/is-ven...

I spend three days and four nights in Venice in December 2019 (whence come these pictures). On two of the three days, high tide made it challenging to get around.

For those of you who have been to Venice, you know the main part of the city ("downtown," if you can call it that) is made up of 118 islands connected by over 400 (416, I think?) bridges and bisected by the Grand Canal. It's a maze. Even with Google maps, it's literally a maze, because not every bridge takes you easily from one island to another. Some are dead ends, etc. This is when it's dry.

Now, add the extra layer of rising tides that cut off even more avenues of the maze and it's an absolute headache getting around.

All of these pictures were taken as I tried (and failed) to walk across the island from Piazza San Marco on the south to the northern end of the island -- Cannaregio -- where my apartment was.

In dry conditions, this is about a 30 minute walk if you're good at navigating the maze. On this afternoon, I made it about 80% of the way back with no viable routes to walk the last 5 (well, certainly less than 10) minutes. My choices were either wait until the tide rolled out (1-2 hours) or pay a water taxi to take me. I couldn't wait and ended up paying an exorbitant fee of 60 euros to a taxi (from the train station) to take me on what would have been a 20 minute walk from there. Ouch.

Once I got back, I asked my friend Alexia whether this is normal, if it's global warming, bad luck, or what?

I was curious about whether it was normal as most of the Venetians seem prepared for this. Many had on knee high or thigh high rubber/plastic boats and slowly made their way through.

She told me that it's very normal in November, but not so much in December. It's not that the tides aren't normal (they happen every day, of course). It's the height of them.

Last month, in November 2019, I recall reading an article about Venice flooding with pictures that surprised me. On the day in question, the tide rose to 187 cm. (For those in the west, that's only 2 inches shorter than NBA star Steph Curry or, for those who know me...it's my exact height.) I'm not exactly short, by comparison, so that's a pretty tall change for a few hours.

In the pictures you see here, the tide was 120 cm./4 feet. That's certainly enough to flood the island.

Venice's quick solution to this is to throw up elevated wooden platforms as temporary sidewalks. In the main areas -- St. Mark's Square, specifically -- think of all the tourists you would normally have bottlenecked and you can imagine the slight headache of free motion. Before the tides (when it's dry), you see these supports and wooden slats stacked up and may wonder what they're purpose is. Tides more than answer that.

The following day, the city flooded again. As I was walking from my apartment to the southern end of the island to go to a museum, I got to the Grand Canal near Rialto Bridge and found myself at an impassable point...that was right in front of a gondola service. (I think I could have backtracked and made it, but no guarantee.)

I hadn't actually been on a gondola before and -- they're expensive, by the way...especially for a solo traveler (80 euro for about 30 minutes) -- decided to take one because it's Venice and if you're ever going to ride a gondola, it should be here.

The gondolier took me from just south of the Rialto Bridge up the Grand Canal just past the Rialto Market, and back. All in all, not very far (and I didn't check time, but I doubt it was 30 minutes).

However, we got to talking. I asked how the flooding impacts tourism and business and he says there are far fewer tourists now who are simply scared of floods. (The attached Rick Steves article points out why you may not need to worry much.)

The gondolier said that the tide on Sunday reached 125 cm (4'2"), though it didn't seem nearly as high as the previous day. I did actually walk across half the island reasonably easily, so I was thinking he's probably toning down the reality a little because it affects his livelihood. However...just a little. The things he said that I believe are that, "When the tide reaches 140 cm., this is a bit too much for the city to handle."

He also told me some facts about the city that have nothing to do with the flooding, yet I found interesting: There are 50,000 residents on the main islands and an apartment/house of 90 square meters (900 square feet) runs about 400,000 euros. So if you're in the market to move to Venice for the joy of wading through water, that's the cost of it.

After the gondola ride, I ended up hopping on a vaporetto (city bus, but on the water). They run up and down the Grand Canal. (You can see a "stop" in some of my Snapshots of Venice pictures; it's a little enclosed building with yellow trim around the top of it.)

Normally, vaporettos run 7.50 euro for a ticket valid for 75 minutes. They come by every 15 minutes or so. However, I never saw where to buy tickets so ended up taking a handful of vaporetto rides for free. I think three in total.

This particular one took me from next to the gondola service down to Accademia. The Gallerie dell'Accademia is there (lots of Tintoretto, Titian, Tiepolo, Bosch), directly in front of the Ponte dell'Accademia. For my purposes, the Guggenheim Collection is also here, but about a five minute walk on dry land to get there.

However, it was isolated by the tides and I ended up taking off shoes and socks, rolling up my pants, and wading through some bitingly cold (but not dangerously so) water to get there. All told, it was probably about 100 yards at most in water that was just over ankle deep. But, you still have to walk it slowly. Afterwards, I think it took my feet about 10 minutes to regain normal warmth/sensation. (Fortunately, after an hour in the museum -- which was nice, but not as nice as I had hoped -- the tide had receded enough that I didn't have to wade out. The sidewalk was still completely underwater, but only an inch or two by this point, which you can walk through. You tend to see locals walking through water like this balancing on their heels and keeping their toes in the air.

Am I personally satisfied that Venice isn't sinking? No. The Steves article does mention Italy's long-term solution to this, but I don't buy it. I don't know what the future holds, though, and won't be around to see the worst effects of it, I feel. I can say that the city's future is tenuous at the moment, but the present...is fine, if sometimes slightly inconvenient.

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Venice...floods about 100 times a year, beginning in October and running through late winter. I'm attaching an excellent article from Rick Steves's website that explains this, and also adding my personal observations and discussions with locals.

First, Steves's article, "Is Venice Sinking?":

www.ricksteves.com/watch-read-listen/read/articles/is-ven...

I spend three days and four nights in Venice in December 2019 (whence come these pictures). On two of the three days, high tide made it challenging to get around.

For those of you who have been to Venice, you know the main part of the city ("downtown," if you can call it that) is made up of 118 islands connected by over 400 (416, I think?) bridges and bisected by the Grand Canal. It's a maze. Even with Google maps, it's literally a maze, because not every bridge takes you easily from one island to another. Some are dead ends, etc. This is when it's dry.

Now, add the extra layer of rising tides that cut off even more avenues of the maze and it's an absolute headache getting around.

All of these pictures were taken as I tried (and failed) to walk across the island from Piazza San Marco on the south to the northern end of the island -- Cannaregio -- where my apartment was.

In dry conditions, this is about a 30 minute walk if you're good at navigating the maze. On this afternoon, I made it about 80% of the way back with no viable routes to walk the last 5 (well, certainly less than 10) minutes. My choices were either wait until the tide rolled out (1-2 hours) or pay a water taxi to take me. I couldn't wait and ended up paying an exorbitant fee of 60 euros to a taxi (from the train station) to take me on what would have been a 20 minute walk from there. Ouch.

Once I got back, I asked my friend Alexia whether this is normal, if it's global warming, bad luck, or what?

I was curious about whether it was normal as most of the Venetians seem prepared for this. Many had on knee high or thigh high rubber/plastic boats and slowly made their way through.

She told me that it's very normal in November, but not so much in December. It's not that the tides aren't normal (they happen every day, of course). It's the height of them.

Last month, in November 2019, I recall reading an article about Venice flooding with pictures that surprised me. On the day in question, the tide rose to 187 cm. (For those in the west, that's only 2 inches shorter than NBA star Steph Curry or, for those who know me...it's my exact height.) I'm not exactly short, by comparison, so that's a pretty tall change for a few hours.

In the pictures you see here, the tide was 120 cm./4 feet. That's certainly enough to flood the island.

Venice's quick solution to this is to throw up elevated wooden platforms as temporary sidewalks. In the main areas -- St. Mark's Square, specifically -- think of all the tourists you would normally have bottlenecked and you can imagine the slight headache of free motion. Before the tides (when it's dry), you see these supports and wooden slats stacked up and may wonder what they're purpose is. Tides more than answer that.

The following day, the city flooded again. As I was walking from my apartment to the southern end of the island to go to a museum, I got to the Grand Canal near Rialto Bridge and found myself at an impassable point...that was right in front of a gondola service. (I think I could have backtracked and made it, but no guarantee.)

I hadn't actually been on a gondola before and -- they're expensive, by the way...especially for a solo traveler (80 euro for about 30 minutes) -- decided to take one because it's Venice and if you're ever going to ride a gondola, it should be here.

The gondolier took me from just south of the Rialto Bridge up the Grand Canal just past the Rialto Market, and back. All in all, not very far (and I didn't check time, but I doubt it was 30 minutes).

However, we got to talking. I asked how the flooding impacts tourism and business and he says there are far fewer tourists now who are simply scared of floods. (The attached Rick Steves article points out why you may not need to worry much.)

The gondolier said that the tide on Sunday reached 125 cm (4'2"), though it didn't seem nearly as high as the previous day. I did actually walk across half the island reasonably easily, so I was thinking he's probably toning down the reality a little because it affects his livelihood. However...just a little. The things he said that I believe are that, "When the tide reaches 140 cm., this is a bit too much for the city to handle."

He also told me some facts about the city that have nothing to do with the flooding, yet I found interesting: There are 50,000 residents on the main islands and an apartment/house of 90 square meters (900 square feet) runs about 400,000 euros. So if you're in the market to move to Venice for the joy of wading through water, that's the cost of it.

After the gondola ride, I ended up hopping on a vaporetto (city bus, but on the water). They run up and down the Grand Canal. (You can see a "stop" in some of my Snapshots of Venice pictures; it's a little enclosed building with yellow trim around the top of it.)

Normally, vaporettos run 7.50 euro for a ticket valid for 75 minutes. They come by every 15 minutes or so. However, I never saw where to buy tickets so ended up taking a handful of vaporetto rides for free. I think three in total.

This particular one took me from next to the gondola service down to Accademia. The Gallerie dell'Accademia is there (lots of Tintoretto, Titian, Tiepolo, Bosch), directly in front of the Ponte dell'Accademia. For my purposes, the Guggenheim Collection is also here, but about a five minute walk on dry land to get there.

However, it was isolated by the tides and I ended up taking off shoes and socks, rolling up my pants, and wading through some bitingly cold (but not dangerously so) water to get there. All told, it was probably about 100 yards at most in water that was just over ankle deep. But, you still have to walk it slowly. Afterwards, I think it took my feet about 10 minutes to regain normal warmth/sensation. (Fortunately, after an hour in the museum -- which was nice, but not as nice as I had hoped -- the tide had receded enough that I didn't have to wade out. The sidewalk was still completely underwater, but only an inch or two by this point, which you can walk through. You tend to see locals walking through water like this balancing on their heels and keeping their toes in the air.

Am I personally satisfied that Venice isn't sinking? No. The Steves article does mention Italy's long-term solution to this, but I don't buy it. I don't know what the future holds, though, and won't be around to see the worst effects of it, I feel. I can say that the city's future is tenuous at the moment, but the present...is fine, if sometimes slightly inconvenient.

for Corriere della Sera

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Timi Yuro cover & posters set click here: www.flickr.com/photos/timiyuro/sets/72157629124542553/

Complete Timi Yuro biography: www.flickr.com/people/timiyuro/

Timi Yuro was an Italian-American gal who could belt out a ballad with such power she could peel paint. She had an undeniable soulful quality but also a keen sense of jazz phrasing . . . as well as pulling r'n'b and country music into the mix. Her first big hit was Hurt in 1961 and she followed it with the equally good What's a Matter Baby (Is It Hurting You?) the following year. Timi Yuro a lady who possessed a tremendous and unique voice. She made some great records.

This website is dedicated to Timi Yuro and set up by Catvas2, I’m not a member of a Timi Yuro group, and there is no cooperation with other Timi Yuro websites. These images-articles come from my collection. I thought others might appreciate these tidbits of forgotten history. More Timi Yuro information on my profile.

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