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Stare Miasto | Kazimierza Wielkiego
Hotel, office, commercial services and parking.
Arch. Stefan Müller, Paweł Jaszczuk, Mariusz Grochowski and Dariusz Ropacki
1997-99.
Alquézar debe su nombre a su castillo (en árabe, Al Qasr). Su fundación se debió a la necesidad de la España musulmana de contener a los pequeños reinos cristianos que se estaban configurando en el Sobrarbe, en las montañas del Prepirineo y que son el germen del Reino de Aragón.
Una vez conquistada pasó a ser uno de los baluartes de este reino contra las Taifas musulmanas, lo que supuso que la corona siempre prestó atención a su mantenimiento y concedió fueros y privilegios, siendo de realengo en varias ocasiones.
La villa está coronada por la fortaleza, que al perder su importancia estratégica debido al avance de la Reconquista, pasó a ser ocupada por religiosos, que construyeron entre sus muros una colegiata, hacia el siglo XVI, sin dejar por ello de ser castillo.
(further pictures you can see by clicking on the link at the end of page!)
John's Church (Hanau)
Southern Facade .
The John's Church (today also Old John's Church) was established in 1658 as the Church of the Lutheran community in Hanau.
North side
Historical context
It owes its existence to the biconfessionality of the German Reformation, particularly in the county of Hanau-Münzenberg. The county was reformed since the reign of Count Philipp Ludwig II of Hanau-Münzenberg. When the Counts of Hanau-Münzenberg became extinct in 1642, their heritage fell to the Lutheran Count Frederick Casimir of Hanau-Lichtenberg.
The city of residence of the county of Hanau-Münzenberg, Hanau, consisted at that time of two legally independent cities: Old and New Hanau. The latter was at the turn of the 16th to 17th Century inhabited by reformed religious refugees from France and the Spanish Netherlands. Their ruling class consisted of wealthy citizens, merchants and tradesmen who took within the county a dominant economic position, which faced a weak position of the new count at taking office. Some lords of the county of Hanau-Münzenberg tried the from the far away Hanau-Lichtenberg arrived to deny his heritage. In addition, the county was due to the Thirty Year's War heavily in debt and on the credit of the citizens. The citizens presented for the accession conditions, and Frederick Casimir had no choice but to grant the demands to ever being able to accede to his heritage. This included especially the guarantee of the future free exercise of religion of the Reformed. The Lutheran religious service for the Count and his court should be limited to the castle chapel.
Johann Georg II, presentation of a Krönungsdiarium (coronation diarie) from 1658 - name giver of the in the same year initiated John's Church
Model of the church before destruction
Construction
On 4 June 1658 the foundation stone for the Lutheran Church of John in the presence of the elector and name giver Johann Georg II of Saxony was placed. This had come from the coronation of Emperor Leopold I from the neighboring Frankfurt am Main across. This was preceded by appeals in the Lutheran abroad, as the reformed subjects, of course, refused to support such a project and the Count himself was constantly in financial trouble. The inauguration took place on 17th Januar 1664. Then the organ was built in by Abraham Fischer from Marktbreit.
The foundation stone to the tower was on 8 August 1679 laid, the works on 10th July in 1691 completed.
The building
The church was built in the old town of Hanau in relative proximity to the castle. It includes in its west wall the medieval city walls of the old one. Stylistically, it is noticeable that it is - in the middle of Baroque - serving of gothic style elements, for example, as lancet windows and a Gothicising - but north-facing - choir. The latter is due to the cutting of the available land. The main entrance was so in the south and is crowned by the on the narrow side centrally arranged 47 meters high tower. The backward-looking style choice could be due to the fact that the adjacent Reformed Mary's Church a gothic embossed building from the Middle Ages is, which architecturally should be couterbalanced or it should architecturally historicity of the Lutheran confession in Hanau be faked, that did not exist.
The interior of the church looked quite different from what the external form of architecture seemed to appear: At least after renovation and expansion in 1727 was the Interior - pulpit and altar - facing west, perhaps because such a "horizontal format" in terms of visibility from the galleries was cheaper to design.
The building further on contained the burial place for the Lutheran branch of the House of Hanau and was - even after 1736 of the Hessian heirs - to the 19th Century used but destroyed in the Second World War.
During the Second World War, the church was badly damaged. The community built as a replacement the New John's Church on other location. The remaining perimeter walls of John's Church on three sides were used in creating a community center for the neighboring community of Mary's Church. The church interior was divided horizontally by a false ceiling. Even after a renovation in the seventies of the last century this concept and this utilization have been preserved, so that in the interior not much of the historic building can be seen anymore.
In November 2012, the church with a simplified but closely based on the historical model steel structure got back its top.
Name
Originally the church was called "Lutheran Church". It was only after the beginning of the 19th Century as it came in the Hanauer Union to a unification of the Reformed and the Lutheran Church in Hanau and the previous name "Lutheran Church" was inoperable, it was given the name "John Church". It was named after the Elector Johann Georg II of Saxony, who was present as its foundation stone was laid.
Tolouse, l'ancienne école religieuse St. Sylve, dans la rue du même nom. On notera la construction faite de galets avec chaînage de briques foraines . Appareil Foca "Universel" 24X36, objectif de 35mm. Film Reala 100 Asa . 1994 .
Trees is a National Trust holiday cottage, a late 1930s log cabin in working woodland near High Wray. I spent a week there.
The timber that built the house came from the surrounding working woodland. It looks out over Lake Windermere - in the evenings there's a fine display of lights from the houses on the east bank. Separated but not isolated.
Built in 1976, this Modern Structural Expressionist skyscraper was designed by Thompson, Ventulett, Stainback and Associates to house the headquarters of Mercantile Bancorporation, which was acquired by Firstar in 1999, and US Bancorp in 2001. The building stands 35 floors and 484 feet, or 148 meters, tall, and features a structural frame that is clad with metal panels and expressed on the exterior, chamfered corners with exposed cross-bracing, ribbon windows, and sawtooth-shaped facades clad in glass curtain walls at the corners behind the exposed cross-bracing. The building today is home to the offices of US Bank, and is one of the tallest buildings in the city of St. Louis.
The most significant architectural historic element of Montalbano, Elicona is the castle which dominates a haphazard and tortuous medieval urban fabric, meandering up and down the alleyways, molding itself to the configuration of the rocky promontory.The little houses constructed in sandstone are filled with authentic history, although in certain places a sense of abandonment is felt which should disappear with the planned restoration works.Erected on pre-existing Byzantine and Arab structures, the upper part of the castle is comprised of a Norman-Suevian fortress, while the lower part is made up of a fortified Suevian-Aragonese palatium (palace).The upper part, a rectangular fortress, is enclosed on its two extremities by two towers, one with a square plan and the other, typically Suevian, with a pentagonal plan, which functions as a donjon.The embattled perimeter walls date back to the Suevian period, and represent the most important and best preserved a saettiere defensive configuration in Sicily. The date 1270 still engraved in the cover of the large cistern is evidence of its Angevin phase.Instead it is to Frederick II of Aragon that we owe that reconstruction of the edifice and its transformation from fortress to regiae aedes, royal residence for summer sojourn (1302-08). The sovereign had eighteen large windows open on to the perimeter walls above the Suevian embrasures as well as a considerable number of portals and gates. Thanks to the modifications executed by the Aragonese king, the castle of Montalbano is one of the most coherent and harmonious of the Sicilian Middle Ages. The most extraordinary element in the entire castle is the royal chapel of the Byzantine era, which according to some scholars preserves the remains of Arnaldo da Villanova, one of the most important personages of his time. Physician, alchemist and religious reformer suspected of heresy, he died in 1310, and his numerous stays in Montalbano with king Frederick are well documented.
Il castello Svevo-Aragonese rappresenta l’elemento architettonico più illustre del luogo. Fulcro del centro storico, domina il suggestivo borgo medioevale, irregolare e tortuoso, che si adatta alla conformazione del promontorio roccioso.
Fu edificato e fortificato dall’Imperatore Federico II di Svevia intorno all’anno 1210 su preesistenti costruzioni bizantine ed arabe, raso al suolo a seguito di una rivolta popolare nel 1233, venne ricostruito tra il 1302 e 1308 dal re Federico II d’Aragona, e trasformato in reggia aedes, residenza reale per i soggiorni estivi, raggiungendo in quel tempo il massimo splendore. Egli trasformò il corpo svevo da fortezza a reggia, donandogli quell’imponenza elegante e composta che ne fanno un unicum nel suo genere, per cui il castello è costituito in alto da una piazzaforte normanno-sveva e in basso dal palatium fortificato svevo-aragonese.Sui lati corti spiccano due torri, una rettangolare, l’altra pentagonale. Nei vasti ambienti definiti da muri incisi da eleganti portali in pietra, si scorgono le zone un tempo adibite alla guardia, ai magazzini, alla rappresentanza, agli alloggi reali.L’elemento più straordinario dell’intero castello è la “cappella reale”, riconoscibile come “tricora” o “cuba” di epoca bizantina, caratterizzata da tre absidi, di cui le due laterali ricavate direttamente nello spessore delle mura e da tracce di affreschi. Qui, secondo il Fazello (1490-1570), sembra abbia avuto sepoltura Arnaldo da Villanova, medico, alchimista e riformatore religioso, morto intorno al 1310 e del quale sono attestate numerose presenze a Montalbano insieme al re Federico.
The cloister of the Romanesque church of Santa Maria de Aínsa.
It was built in the 11th cent. but has undergone some alterations over the years.
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der Kreuzgang der romanischen Kirche von Aínsa. Die Kirche wurde im 11th Jh gebaut, mehrere Aenderungen wurden vorgenommen über die Jahrhunderte.
At least I think that's what the building is. Leeds seems to be full of great architecture, and massive buildings. Sometimes the two things occur in one building.
The piazza leading to Ponte di Rialto on the western banks of the Canal Grande is an arcaded square surrounded by the three-storey Fabbriche Vecchie di Rialto. The square is also home to the Chiesa di San Giacomo di Rialto (Church of Saint Giacomo in Rialto). Convicted thieves were forced to run naked chased by rotten-food-throwers from the Basilica di San Marco to this piazza.
At the piazza they would beg for mercy: the result would either to be granted mercy, or be punished before the Church of Saint James in Rialto, known locally as San Giacometo. The piazza is therefore best known as the Arciconfraternita di San Cristoforo e della Misericordia (Confraternity of St. Christopher and of Mercy).
San Giacometo is believed to be the first church built in Venice.
I sort of wish I had an in progress view but c'est la vie. Now you can see the healthy blanket of R30 insulation covering basically everything. The mound in front of me was the insulation I pulled over the entrance to the attic after I went down the ladder.
Chronology
Period Description
1704-1712 overall planning and construction period
History
The Episcopal Church in Hessian Fulda looks to a history reaching back to Frankish time that is closely linked to the missionary work of the Empire territory.
The karolingical predecessor construction
On the site of a probably in the Saxon wars destroyed Frankish Herrenhof (manor farm) founded Sturm, a disciple of Saint Boniface, the monastery of Fulda. After the Anglo-Saxon missionary was killed by the Frisians 754 and was buried in the newly built church, developed this quickly to a popular pilgrimage site. Not least the growing number of monks and pilgrims made a comprehensive extension of the as hall church with a semicircular apse designed construction necessary. So the abbot Ratgar (791-819) first began with the establishment of a new Ostanlage (east layout) before to the then to a three-aisled basilica expanded building then a weitausladendes (elaborate) transept was added a second apse in the west. This Westanlage (west layout) refers clearly back to the Constantinian Church Old St. Peter in Rome and documents architecturally impressive the Rombezug (reference to Rome) of the directly to the Holy See subordinated monastery when it was founded.
Also the ring crypt under the western apse follows the example of the early Christian Roman Peter Church. There, Pope Gregory I about 600 had made the grave of the Prince of the Apostles by a similar facility for the pilgrims accessible.
The baroque new building
Not only the for its time of creation unique size and complexity of the Ratgarbasilika, but also its religious significance as burial place of Boniface allowed the Carolingian building to become a model for its Baroque successor. Thus Johann Dietzenhofer oriented himself with his in 1704-12 erected new building at the disposition of the previous building, those foundations were taken as far as possible. Also the baroque atypical system as three-aisled basilica seems explicable only from the reverent preservation of the original design. Only the west choir of the early medieval double chancel replaced the architect through a two-tower facade.
After air war damage during the Second World War, the restoration was completed in 1954.
Architecture
Following the example of the Carolingian episcopal church, Johann Dietzenhofer built the baroque cathedral as a three-aisled basilica with a transept and crossing tower. The above discussed Rombezüge (references to Rome) of the "Ratgarbasilika" he revived by a clear reference to Francesco Borromini's reconstruction of the Lateran Basilica once again. The Roman model paraphrasing, alternate in the nave large arched openings with smaller rectangular, above which figure niches are set into the high nave wall. In the aisles the individual yokes appear as independent, by horizontal oval domes centered spatial units.
Above the intersection arches a massive dome, whose drum is divided by double pilasters between which windows and figure niches alternate.
The as canopy formed high altar, where Gian Lorenzo Bernini's Marmorziborium in St. Peter's Church is evoked, gives a clear view of the elongated monk choir.
The exterior building is largely determined by the additive looking arrangement of towers, domes and chapels. The per se narrow twin-tower facade with its incorporated Ottonian towers is corrected in its Gesamtproportionierung (overall proportioning) by the two laterally attached chapels. The two flanking obelisks let the show side of the church gently fade away.
Decoration and equippment
The spatial effect is determined by the contrast between the white of the wall surfaces and the stucco on the one hand and the black and gold color chord of the architectural elements and the equipment to another.
The stucco with its many figurative representations was created by Giovanni Battista Artari.
Of the rest of its features, especially the numerous baroque tombs deserve special attention.
Markus Golser
Wikipedia article
Baroque Cathedral Church Basilica Two towers Crossing tower