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The Australian Fishing Zone (AFZ) was first declared in 1979. It covers Commonwealth waters—generally from 3 nautical miles to 200 nautical miles from the Australian coast. The AFZ is established through the Fisheries Management Act 1991. It relates only to the use or protection of Commonwealth fisheries. The AFZ covers an area of over 8 million square kilometres.
Initially management of the Zone was conducted by specialist officers in the individual State Fisheries Departments with central oversight by the Department of Primary Industry in Canberra.