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Warriston Cemetery, which opened in 1843, was the first of Edinburgh's cemeteries designed in the 'garden style' by the architect David Cousin (1809-1878).
Cousin became a specialist in the design of cemeteries in the 1840s; he also designed the Dean (1845), Dalry (1846), Rosebank (1846) and Newington (1848) cemeteries.
Before Warriston opened Edinburgh's cemeteries and graveyards were overcrowded, unhealthy and dangerous places.
Body snatching had been commonplace until the Anatomy Act of 1832 and there were serious outbreaks of cholera in Edinburgh in the early 1830s and even as late as 1849.
The location of Warriston Cemetery on the outskirts of Edinburgh away from the city was significant therefore.
The inspiration for Warriston came from London's garden cemeteries of Kensal Green (1831), Norwood (1837) and Highgate (1839) which themselves had been influenced by European cemeteries such as Pere Lachaise in Paris.
Notable people buried at Warriston include Sir James Young Simpson, pioneer on the use of anaesthesia and the artists Horatio McCulloch and Robert Scott Lauder.
Warriston Cemetery, which opened in 1843, was the first of Edinburgh's cemeteries designed in the 'garden style' by the architect David Cousin (1809-1878).
Cousin became a specialist in the design of cemeteries in the 1840s; he also designed the Dean (1845), Dalry (1846), Rosebank (1846) and Newington (1848) cemeteries.
Before Warriston opened Edinburgh's cemeteries and graveyards were overcrowded, unhealthy and dangerous places.
Body snatching had been commonplace until the Anatomy Act of 1832 and there were serious outbreaks of cholera in Edinburgh in the early 1830s and even as late as 1849.
The location of Warriston Cemetery on the outskirts of Edinburgh away from the city was significant therefore.
The inspiration for Warriston came from London's garden cemeteries of Kensal Green (1831), Norwood (1837) and Highgate (1839) which themselves had been influenced by European cemeteries such as Pere Lachaise in Paris.
Notable people buried at Warriston include Sir James Young Simpson, pioneer on the use of anaesthesia and the artists Horatio McCulloch and Robert Scott Lauder.
Fynnie has been a rather rare visitor on my photostream lately. He has had various health issues and I didn't want to bother him with the camera. One of his issues is a bad tooth which seems to be quite painful for him and so his vet and I decided that the tooth has to be removed. This will be done on Thursday. It's not a decision I take lightly as due to his other health issues (his flu, his renal issues and a cardiac arrythmia) an anaesthesia is a lot more risky for Fynn than it would be for a healthy cat. I can't let him live his life in constant pain, though, and the vet says she will keep the anaesthesia as short and as light as possible.
This is a photo I took yesterday when I was photographing the Dragon with his elf hat and suddenly noticed how nicely Fynn posed with the moose as if he wanted me to point the camera at him too for a change. :)
Happy Caturday 24.7.2021 "Hand on cat"
There was excitement with Timmy last weekend. He hasn't eaten since Saturday evening, but always tried to choke something out. On Sunday evening he ate a can of wet food, but with a lot of choking in between. He was also limp.
Then I woke up at 4.30am on Monday and he wasn't there. Normally he comes home at 2 o'clock at the latest. I panicked and saw him lying somewhere suffocating and went crazy. Searched in the back, searched in the front - nothing. I couldn't call out loud at that time either. At 5:05 am he came traipsing in front of the house and was very happy to be greeted. Wretch!
At 8 o'clock I called our vet - she was on holiday. It took me almost an hour to find a vet who 1. answered the phone and 2. also wanted my money.
At 11 o'clock we had an appointment with the other vet, but had to wait almost an hour because of an emergency. Timmy didn't think about being looked down his throat, after all it's his private sphere :-)))) So he had to stay and was examined under anaesthesia. At 5pm I was allowed to pick him up. There was nothing (more?) in his throat, but it was red. So either grass had been in it and he choked it out on Sunday night or it was a cold. I think it's the same symptoms.
He ate a big bowl of dry food and a can of Vitaldrink late on Monday afternoon and then slept it off. When it was dark he went out as usual, you have to have your territory under control ;-)
Sunday and Monday were a mess anyway. But one is only happy that he is well again.
[Translated with www.DeepL.com/ ]
MC Jupiter-37a 135mm f3.5
a wall of now long defunct children's polyclinic i was visiting until the end of 80's. you didn't even know back then that dentists can give anaesthesia in other countries, and the same was true for dentist at school. drilling (not particulary fast rpm), extraction, toothcanal cleaning you name it - i still remember all that vividly. ussr was quite atheistic, but my friend who was around 7-9 years old was praying before going to dentist anyway, just in case :)
"...Go your own way 'Cause the whole point of existence Is to know how to live Without anaesthesia Without useless bad Thoughts of disappointment....." from the song of Dżem
Sethi in the garden on a lovely sunny day but he enjoys his garden even more if nobody follows him with a camera. :)
Later this afternoon we will have to take Sethi to a cardiologist as he has a heart murmur. It's necessary to find out if he has a serious heart issue as he will need dental surgery and therefore general anaesthetic in the near future. The cardiologist is quite far away, we will need about 90 minutes for one way and will therefore return home rather late this afternoon. I will continue commenting this evening and maybe I will be able to give you an update on Sethi under this photo by then.
Update: Turns out that Sethi's right heart valve doesn't close completely which causes the heart murmur but according to the cardiologist it's not serious and Sethi may even have had this issue all his life. What he also found out is that Sethi has a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy which means that the heart wall is thicker than it should be. He said we were lucky because it was discovered in an early stage and there is a good chance that it won't get worse if he receives medication for the rest of his life. He doesn't consider this as an issue which would make anaesthesia more dangerous for him. So off to the vet next week where at least 5 of Sethi's teeth will be removed.
The vets still aren't sure what is causing Max's lack of appetite. Yesterday he had an abdominal scan, a CT scan, bloodwork to specifically check his pancreas and he's had two teeth out. We'll have the results of the tests in a couple of days ❤️🙏 He was very spaced out, wobbly and paced around the house a lot when we got home which I understand is quite a common reaction to anaesthesia 😵💫 Poor boy ❤️
You see three chairs. Here in the middle sits the unable to work prisoner. To the left and right he is held by two men. Another man is holding his head. On the left side of the table you can see the syringe with phenol. Then the dossier and on the right the stethoscope. Behind it sits the SS doctor / paramedic or prisoner functionaries.
If the patient is declared unfit for work, the doctor injects the phenol into the prisoner's heart muscle. The patient becomes unconscious. After a few seconds death occurs. Then the corpse is brought to the crematorium and burned. In this way, hundreds of thousands of concentration camp prisoners were liquidated.
A merciful death. Most of them were sent to the gas chamber immediately after their arrival. The survivors died as a result of hard work and malnutrition. Many were beaten to death, shot, hanged or put in a hunger bunker, where they died for several days. Medical experiments without anaesthesia also claimed many lives.
The number of victims 20.05.1940 - 27.01.1945 in the Auschwitz camps alone is estimated at up to 1.5 million. One person died every 100 seconds, 36 people per hour and 875 people per day. If a week had passed, 6.129 people were no longer alive. In the month 26.270 people lost their lives. Only in Auschwitz. All because of an ideology and people who put these ideas into practice.
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Das Behandlungszimmer. 3 Stühle. Hier sitzt in der Mitte der arbeitsunfähige Häftling. Links und rechts wird er von zwei Männern festgehalten. Ein weiterer Mann hält seinen Kopf fest. Auf der linken Seite des Tisches die Spritze mit Phenol. Daneben die Akte und rechts das Stethoskop. Dahinter sitzt der SS Arzt / Sanitäter oder Funktionshäftlinge.
Wird der der Kranke für arbeitsunfähig erklärt, sticht der Arzt dem Gefangenen direkt in den Herzmuskel und spritzt das Phenol rein. Der Patient wird bewusstlos. Nach einigen Sekunden tritt der Tod ein. Danach wird die Leiche ins Krematorium gebracht und verbrannt. Auf diese Weise wurden hunderttausende KZ Häftlinge liquidiert.
Ein gnädiger Tod. Die meisten wurden nach der Ankunft in die Gaskammer geschickt. Die "Überlebenden" sind an Folgen von schwerer Arbeit und Unterernährung gestorben. Viele wurden totgeschlagen, erschossen, erhängt oder in einem Hungerbunker gesteckt, wo sie mehrere Tage lang starben. Auch die medizinischen Versuche - ohne Narkose - forderten viele Todesopfer.
Die Opferzahl 20.05.1940 - 27.01.1945 alleine in den Lagern Auschwitz wird auf bis 1,5 Millionen geschätzt. Alle 100 Sekunden starb ein Mensch, in der Stunde starben 36 Menschen, am Tag 875 Menschen. War eine Woche vergangen, lebten 6.129 Menschen nicht mehr. Im Monat verloren 26.270 Menschen das Leben. Nur in Ausschwitz. Das alles wegen einer Ideologie und Menschen, die diese Ideen in Taten umsetzten.
Nose bandaid & bruises: Avarosa - Scott add ons /NEW@TMD
Tattoos: Tattoo "Lust for Life" by GoK /NEW@TMD
Necklace: RichB. Summer Necklace /NEW@TMD
Shirt & Pants: 2AM - 64
this freakin put your ass to sleep anaesthesia
and i go down smooth
like that tequila
a patient in anaesthesia, covered with a transparent sheet against cold , patient goes home healed and well
a short walk before Etta went to the Vets to have an ulcer on her eye debrided with a Diamond Burr under a light anaesthesia.
Daily Dog Challenge: Destressing ... I first read Distressing😁 but that could fit, too😳
The walk was helpful for her to get her toileting out of the way ... After a stay at the Vets' she usually can't make it out the front gate before she needs to 'go'!
With the awful weather we have today I thought a nice bright warming image would be nice.
This is Kimmeridge bay on the Jurassic Coast in Dorset as the sun drops down over Portland .
I`m sat at my desk and hearing noises from outside I look through the window to see my garden furniture moving about on it`s own, I hope the wind puts it back where it came from.
An update on our dog Lowena, we got her home late last night after her general Anaesthesia and Endoscopy, no foreign bodies were found but three biopsy's were done for further investigation, we should get the results next week .
Redheads do not respond to lidocaine
It is interesting to note that red-haired people do not appear to respond to the analgesic effect of lidocaine. This active ingredient is used as a local anaesthetic, particularly for dental treatments. In a US study from 2009, researchers found that red-haired test subjects avoided visits to the dentist twice as often as a comparison group due to fear of painful examinations. The researchers wrote: "Patients who have experienced ineffective local anaesthesia in the past may develop an increased fear of dental treatment and then avoid visits to the dentist."
The reason why redheads often do not respond to lidocaine is not yet known. Lidocaine is injected under the skin and only works in a very limited area. This is different with inhalation anaesthetics, which have an effect on the entire body. In 2004, US researchers showed in a study that red-haired women needed almost 20 per cent more of the anaesthetic desflurane to stop reacting to pain stimuli.
However, only ten red-haired women were compared with ten dark-haired test subjects. In a later study involving 468 healthy people, there was no measurable difference between red-haired and dark-haired test subjects. This means that the alleged resistance of redheads to anaesthetics belongs to the realm of myths.
Rothaarige sprechen nicht auf Lidocain an
Interessant ist, dass rothaarige Menschen offenbar nicht auf die schmerzstillende Wirkung von Lidocain ansprechen. Dieser Wirkstoff wird zur örtlichen Betäubung vor allem bei zahnmedizinischen Behandlungen eingesetzt. In einer US-amerikanischen Studie aus dem Jahr 2009 stellten Forschende fest, dass rothaarige Probanden aus Angst vor schmerzhaften Untersuchungen doppelt so häufig Zahnarztbesuche mieden wie eine Vergleichsgruppe. Als Grund schrieben die Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler: "Patienten, die in der Vergangenheit wirkungslose Lokalanästhesien erfahren haben, können verstärkt Angst vor Zahnbehandlungen entwickeln und meiden dann Zahnarztbesuche."
Woran es liegt, dass Rothaarige oft nicht auf Lidocain ansprechen, weiß man noch nicht. Lidocain wird unter die Haut gespritzt und wirkt nur an einem sehr begrenzten Ort. Anders ist das bei Inhalationsanästhetika, die auf den gesamten Körper wirken. US-amerikanische Forscher zeigten 2004 in einer Studie, dass rothaarige Frauen knapp 20 Prozent mehr des Narkosemittels Desfluran benötigten, um nicht mehr auf Schmerzreize zu reagieren.
Allerdings wurden nur zehn rothaarige mit zehn dunkelhaarigen Probandinnen verglichen. In einer später durchgeführten Studie mit 468 gesunden Menschen gab es keinen messbaren Unterschied zwischen rot- und dunkelhaarigen Probanden. Somit gehört die angebliche Resistenz Rothaariger gegen Narkosemittel ins Reich der Mythen.
In late spring 2015 I had just lost my cat Kringle. I was devastated and started looking for another cat and saw the ad for Gorgeous Georgi. Her owner was moving somewhere that didn't allow pets, I could tell it was hard on her. The first few months I thought Georgi was deaf, but looking back I think she was grieving. She eventually warmed up to me :-)
Georgi is an amazing cat who adapts to any situation! She's ridden in a dingy and sat with me on the deck, in the cold, at night, on a flooded yacht waiting on my partner to come back (He didn't know it was flooded).
She's well travelled and has been to France with us numerous times via the Ferry and/or the tunnel.
Recently, she had a dental cleaning and the anaesthesia made her a little crazy and she managed to damage her left eye in the cat carrier. I had to give her eye drops for a few months, she hated it but still loves me :-)
This was taken shortly after I got her.
it monitors the patient and supplys him with artificial respiration and narcotics gas while they're out.
Canon EOS 6D - f/6.3 - 1/60sec - 80 mm - ISO 800
- this figurine is an ashtray,
a wide open mouth and a dentist with an anaethesia syringe,
made of clay
Riley's surgery is over and he is fine but it didn't go quite as planned. While under anaesthesia his heart rate became very irregular and slow so the anaesthesia had to be stopped. As a result, the vet did not have enough time to remove the entire polyp. He could only remove a portion of it, so now it's possible it will grow back.
I was extremely nervous about putting him under because of his age so I am grateful he is okay.
January 01, 2026
How could we build a liveable space habitat?
In the not-too-distant future, humanity will be faced with the challenge of building permanent homes in space. For this to happen, space habitats will need to closely replicate Earth’s gravity, while dealing with the threat of radiation and meteorites from outer space. Through his research, Werner Grandl at Space Renaissance International in Italy considers how these challenges could be overcome. Through a series of recent studies, he conceives a feasible design for a rotating space habitat, shielded from outer space by a mined‑out asteroid.
The idea of human settlers establishing permanent homes in space is a staple of our favourite sci-fi. Over the past century, countless films, books, TV shows, and video games have found creative, often elaborate ways to convey the threats and motivations which would force humanity to leave Earth behind and explain how they might survive in the harsh environment of space.
Yet today, many of these fictional threats look all too familiar in the real world. Werner Grandl at Space Renaissance International explains, ‘Besides man-made disasters like global warming or nuclear war, there are a number of serious natural threats to planet Earth such as asteroid impacts, super-volcanoes, and ice ages.’
For Grandl, the ever-looming presence of these threats creates a pressing need for us to think about what realistic extra-terrestrial habitats could look like and consider how they could be constructed in the not-too-distant future. ‘The construction of self-sustaining colonies in space using lunar and asteroid resources will be the next step of human evolution,’ he says.
Accommodating the human body
Beyond the staggering feats of engineering required to build these habitats, some of the most important challenges to consider in their design are related to the limitations of our own bodies. Having evolved on Earth, the physical attributes of our muscles, bones, and many other vital biological systems are finely tuned to functioning in the gravitational field of our home planet. If we leave this familiar environment for extended periods, medical problems will inevitably start to emerge before long. ‘A lack of gravity can cause danger for human health such as bone demineralisation, muscle atrophy, and orthostatic intolerance,’ Grandl explains.
Artificial Gravity Orbital Station AGOS: a spinning space station, built in three stages.
Just like generations of sci-fi writers – although with far higher stakes – this challenge will be one of the first things we will need to consider when conceiving future space colonies. To provide a suitable home for the human body, habitats will need to generate their own artificial gravity, which matches Earth’s field as closely as possible.
A familiar grounding force
To simulate gravity, future space habitats will need to spin. ’Rotating space habitats can provide simulated gravity and a comfortable environment for astronauts and space settlers,’ says Grandl. The effect is achieved through the effect of centrifugal forces – you have probably experienced this effect yourself when driving a car around a tight curve or riding the loop-the-loop on a rollercoaster.
Prototype Asteroid Habitat for 2,000 people: the rotating torus is driven by magnetic levitation bearings; sunlight is beamed into the cave and distributed by a central mirror cone.
Here, the idea is that the manned part of a space habitat will constantly circle around the centre of the station. In this way, a person standing on the inner rim of the circle would feel like they are being pulled downwards by gravity, when in fact the floor is pushing them upwards, towards the centre of the habitat’s rotation.
Designing a rotating station
In one recent study, Grandl took this concept a step further. In his paper, he envisages a habitat built from interconnected cylindrical modules, which spin around the axis of a central cylinder – powered by a non-rotating framework of solar panels.
Grandl then shows how such a habitat could be enlarged in stages: eventually reaching a diameter of 102 metres, incorporating some 32 living quarter modules, which could comfortably house up to 180 people long term. He also considers how an agricultural sphere could be attached, providing food for these inhabitants.
A home inside an asteroid
Low-gravity environments aren’t the only challenge. In the harsh environment of space, without any atmosphere to protect them, future space habitats would face a constant threat of bombarded with radiation from the Sun, as well as tiny meteorites hurtling through space. Building further on his earlier concept, Grandl next considered how rotating habitats could be made safer by housing them inside hollowed-out asteroids – shielding them from outer space.
‘Near-Earth asteroids can be mined and the remaining cave would be a natural shelter against cosmic rays, solar flares, micrometeorites,’ he describes. ‘Inside excavated asteroids we can build self-sustaining human outposts in space providing artificial gravity.’
To reach this point, Grandl has conceived a multi-step process. It starts with a pair of unmanned space tugs, docked to either side of a near-Earth asteroid using anchors drilled firmly into the rock. Using advanced propulsion systems, the tugs could then pull the asteroid into a stable orbit around Earth, beyond the Moon.
From here, mining can begin along the axis of the asteroid’s rotation. At this point, the asteroid is connected to a manned space station – with the space and equipment required for digging, as well as carrying, processing, and storing mined materials.
After boring a straight tunnel into the centre of the asteroid, a larger spherical cave could then be excavated, taking up around half of the asteroid’s total volume. While mass is being removed from the asteroid, its orbit would be continuously stabilised by the two space tugs, still docked to either side. Finally, once mining has finished, a rotating habitat could be constructed inside the cave.
The future path to space
While our technology is still a long way off from being able to build these habitats, Grandl is confident that with the current pace of advancement, they will one day be perfectly feasible. Before we get there, he envisages a step-by-step improvement in our understanding of survival in space. ‘As a first step, we should build a rotating space station in Earth’s orbit to study the influence of different gravity-levels on human health,’ he describes.
Space habitats could be made safer by housing them inside hollowed-out asteroids – shielding them from outer space.
From here, we could build on this understanding to modify designs of manned space habitats to ensure the highest possible standards of safety and comfort for their inhabitants. Ultimately, by starting to tackle these challenges now, Grandl hopes that the possibility of permanently manned space habitats will begin to look far more feasible in the coming decades. In turn, his ideas may one day help to accelerate humanity’s exploration of the solar system, and to ensure our future in the face of whatever disasters we may one day face.
Personal Response
How long do you think it will be before humans will be able to live permanently in space?
It will depend on political decisions. In a best case scenario, a spinning orbital station as a successor of the present ISS could be built by 2035. First habitats inside hollow asteroids may be constructed in the last decade of this century. It will depend on the development of mining techniques in space.
References
Grandl, W, Böck, C, (2023) Asteroid habitats—Living inside a hollow celestial body. In: Badescu, V, et al, (eds), Handbook of Space Resources. Switzerland: Springer Nature, 763–785. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97913-3_22
Grandl, W, Autino, AV, Böck, C, (2023) Artificial gravity orbital dtation (AGOS)-the simulation of gravity in a rotating space station, 74th International Astronautical Congress (IAC).
Grandl, W, Bazso A, (2013) Near Earth asteroids — Prospection, orbit modification, mining and habitation. In: Badescu, V, (eds), Asteroids. Heidelberg: Springer Berlin, 415–438. doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-39244-3_17
Behind the Research
Werner Grandl
Werner Grandl was born in Vienna in 1957. He graduated from the Technical University of Vienna in 1984. He is a trained architect and civil engineer in Austria. His research interests include space stations and space colonies, and the use of lunar and asteroid resources.
Research Objectives
Werner Grandl describes the construction of self-sustaining colonies in space using lunar and asteroid resources.
Funding
Space Renaissance International (SRI), Viale Risorgimento 57, 22073 Fino Mornasco (CO), Italy.
Collaborators
Clemens Böck
Adriano V Autino
Cite this Article
Grandl, W, (2024) How could we build a liveable space habitat?, Research Outreach, 139.
DOI: 10.32907/RO-139-5856553861
Creative Commons Licence
(CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. Creative Commons License
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Making a Home on the Moon
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ESA / Education / Moon Camp
A future home on the Moon has to have a lot more than a place to eat and sleep. It will be the only structure on the Moon, it will have to provide shelter, power, and a place to work and live. But where should it be located and how will it be built? Find out more in this set of 6 animations from Airbus Foundation Discovery Space.
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An entirely new landscape awaits when you land on the Moon. Will you choose one of the poles or dig underground – where will your Moon village be?
Soundtrack // Bande-son: DAVID J ("Sweet Anaesthesia"): www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fiADmDNVCU
"Now I want you to count to ten for me said the doctor with a smile... And as he spoke he became a memory and I drifted for a while..
Now I need to come down slowly... I need to come down slowly... SWEET ANAESTHESIA... Sweet anaesthesia..."
I will be operated on the 16th of june. My face will change a bit. My life probably won't.
When I fall asleep, at night, I dream the moment of anaesthesia. Each night.
The doctor says it will be a moment of true relax.
This is what I think.
If you were an anaesthetist, what would you say to your patients as you put them under?
Strobist info:
Two Yongnuo YN600EX RT placed on stools to the right and left of camera. Manual 1/16 power
One Canon 600EX-RT mounted at waist level with a rogue Flashbender diffuser and directed at me.
Fired by Yongnuo YN-E4-RT transmitter (which was on a sync cord to make adjustments more easily since the camera was on its back on a stool, pointing up at the ceiling.
Framing, camera settings changed, focus and shutter release all done using the Canon wifi Remote App.
I aim to post a few similar shots to see which proves most popular and has the least technical flaws. I will use the best one in club competitions.
This Anaethetist series followed on from my Dentist series and utilised the same lighting set up (Album here: www.flickr.com/photos/42343095@N08/albums/72157672296501055)
Anesthésie douce...
Soundtrack // Bande-son: DAVID J ("Sweet Anaesthesia"): www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fiADmDNVCU
"The anaesthetics taking over... Like a winter setting in... It feels like late October to Christmas on my skin... (...) SWEET ANAESTHESIA..."
"Un flash de beauté !" // " A flash of beauty." (VINCENT / www.flickr.com/photos/58769600@N07/)
"Aquarelle douceur, place à l'imagination." // "Soft watercolour, room for imagination." (Jacques CAFFIN / www.flickr.com/photos/126603373@N08/)
I know most people on Flckr would rather have their wisdom teeth extracted without anaesthesia, than post a bird on a feeder, but this was the first time this fella has made an appearance in the garden...
Paisley Abbey is a former Cluniac monastery, and current Church of Scotland Protestant parish kirk, located on the east bank of the White Cart Water in the centre of the town of Paisley, Renfrewshire, about 12 miles (19 km) west of Glasgow. It is believed that Saint Mirin (or Saint Mirren) founded a community on this site in 7th century. Some time after his death a shrine to the Saint was established becoming a popular site of pilgrimage and veneration. The name Paisley may derive from the Brythonic Passeleg, 'basilica' (derived from the Greek), i.e. 'major church', recalling an early, though undocumented, ecclesiastical importance.
In 1163 Walter FitzAlan, the first High Steward of Scotland issued a charter for a priory to be set up on land owned by him in Paisley. It was dedicated to SS. Mary, James, Mirin and Milburga. Around 13 monks came from the Cluniac priory at Much Wenlock in Shropshire to found the community. Paisley grew so rapidly that it was raised to the status of abbey in 1245. Monks from Paisley founded Crossraguel Abbey in Carrick, Ayrshire, in 1244. In 1307, Edward I of England had the abbey burned down. However, it was rebuilt later in the 14th century. William Wallace, born in nearby Elderslie is widely believed to have been educated for some time when he was a boy in the abbey.
In 1316 Marjorie Bruce, daughter of Robert I of Scotland and wife of Walter Stewart, the sixth High Steward of Scotland, was out riding near the abbey. Heavily pregnant at the time, she fell from her horse and was taken to Paisley Abbey where she gave birth to King Robert II. However, Marjorie Bruce died and is buried at the Abbey. In the abbey itself there are signs which indicate that Marjorie's baby was cut out of her womb, a caesarean delivery long before anaesthesia was available. A cairn, at the junction of Dundonald Road and Renfrew Road, approximately one mile to the north of the Abbey, marks the spot where she reputedly fell from her horse.
In 1491 absolution was granted by Abbot George Shaw, representing the Pope and in the presence of the relics, to James IV of Scotland and others implicated in the death of James III at the Battle of Sauchieburn. By 1499 Shaw had had built a new, larger pilgrims chapel and added the sculptured stone frieze which can still be seen today, showing scenes from the life of St Miren. It was originally brightly painted and may have been part of a rear panel of an altar before being put up as a frieze on the wall.
A succession of fires and the collapse of the tower in the 15th and 16th centuries left the building in a partially ruined state. Although the western section was still used for worship, the eastern section was widely plundered for its stone. From 1858 to 1928 the north porch and the eastern choir were reconstructed on the remains of the ruined walls by the architect Macgregor Chalmers. After his death, work on the choir was completed by Sir Robert Lorimer.
Paisley Abbey is the burial place of all six High Stewards of Scotland, Marjorie Bruce who was the mother of Robert II and the wives of Robert II and King Robert III. The Celtic Barochan Cross, once sited near the village of Houston, Renfrewshire, is now located inside the abbey itself. The cross is thought to date from the 10th century. In the abbey's nave, the Wallace Memorial Window, which depicts the image of Samson, was donated in 1873.
In the early 1990s an ancient vaulted drain of extremely fine construction, probably 13th century in date, was rediscovered running from the abbey to the White Cart. Archaeological investigations and excavations took place in 1996, 3–16 September 2009, 2–12 September 2011 and 4 September 2013 and many items discovered. Some of these are now on display in the abbey.
These include:
a slate with music marked on it - which is believed to the oldest example of polyphonic music found in Scotland
cloth seals from imported cloth
chamber pots from c.1500
tweezers
carved bone handles
pottery fragments
slate fragments
The drain is thought to date from AD 1350-1400 and is at least 90 metres long, up to 2m wide and up to 2.2m high; before accessing it water has to be pumped out. The drain contains stonemasons marks on the walls, and marks where gates used to be located. A virtual tour of the drain is available on YouTube
Sir James Young Simpson lived from 7 June 1811 to 6 May 1870. The first man ever to be knighted for his services to medicine, he is principally remembered for introducing anaesthesia to childbirth.
www.undiscoveredscotland.co.uk/usbiography/y/sirjamesyoun...
+colored in comment
Inspired by Aaron Nace.
I'm not smiling. Just got back from the surgeon. Two teeth are already gone, so I'm stuck with two big holes in my mouth. The other two will be removed in a month.
I had to make the photo very quickly, 'cause the rest of the week my cheeck will be yellowgreenbluepurpleredorange. Grrmpf.
I worked 2 hours on this, so please be sweet. (:
(I couldn't do anything else (read: eating), because of my anaesthesia.)
First EXPLORE this year #108
Little tutorial about this photo here.
Melissa was feeling that Hope and Seele might of needed some alone time and even thou she might not agree with their ages there is just somethings you can not stop. But as she was driving around she did notice the spot were "The Man" had fallen... He was no longer there!!
But how, We gave him a shot of SLD, Flunitrazepam or roofie for short, Codeine, Morphine and Anaesthesia to place him in a state of Paralysis all wrapped in to one how could he move after that, Thought Melissa as she could not see him any were maybe he had slipped in to the shadows once again.
Were will The Man go now that he is up once again? And Is it possible The Man was alive in the 60s which would explain how he could take so many drugs and it would not phase him. ^^
Night's Bridge is a play on Knightsbridge, which is quite an upmarket part of London. Gaiman makes this one of the most cosmically terrifying part of the story, by marking it pitch black, with some souls being taken by the bridge as a toll for passage.
I took this one step further by making the Night a character in this scene. To the best of my knowledge there is no bridge over any river at Knightsbridge, so I took some inspiration from Putney bridge, and some from Charles Bridge in Prague. The statue is an animate character, and will be taking Anaesthesia, the Rat Singer, as his toll.
Some of the more major characters, but these are largely unchanged from last time I did them:
Anaesthesia, the rat-speaker: Tried to give her more of a trampy look, and also made her a more human colour, coz the green and purple was silly.
Lady Door: I wanted her to have a bit more personality, so a lot of this is new. I also used the new 2/3 legs because we never get an age estimate for her.
The Marquis de Carabas: Just used a different Garmaddon head. No other change.
Richard Mayhew: I just changed his hair. No other change here.
Model / Makeup: Fran Canlas
Concept by: Mezarc and Fran
Sometimes, spontaneity produces the most interesting results. My anak ajaib, Fran, has just come back from Europe and she crashed in my place for a few days. It took one idle Sunday for us to think of doing a photoshoot around my house.
Et voila! Impromptu photoshoot. LOL
Had so much fun! No need to stress out and over-orchestrate everything to achieve something. ^^
Abellio London route 345: Peckham, Bus Station - South Kensington
Bypassing Old Church Street (HJ), towards Royal Brompton Hospital / Royal Marsden Hospital (HM)
Ahead of their acquisition of route 45 this weekend, Abellio have introduced its new buses onto routes 345 and 381. For me, this made up for the occasions I had seen MMCs on the 345 and missed the photo opportunity.
As for the route, I was quite surprised to the point of anaesthesia with how long it is. Buses from Peckham to Vauxhall, then a 360 seems a quicker alternative to South Ken. Nevertheless, while lengthy in its entirety, I'm sure the links via everywhere Clapham helps frequent commuters of the route which is more important.
©London Bus Breh 2017.
ATACC Medical Rescue Volvo T5 V70LVO - a nice looking vehicle seen in Deeside belonging to ATACC (Anaesthesia, Trauma & Critical Care)
The ATACC Medical Rescue Team exists to provide expert management of patients who are victims of major trauma, at the scene of the incident and en route to hospital. In addition the team will respond to support any emergency service for any emergency call, if our input would be of benefit to the patient.
BACKGROUND
The team was formally inaugurated post 9/11 when ATACC’s unique skill mix were called upon to provide 2 medical rescue teams to cover the Commonwealth Games in Manchester.
This clearly demonstrated that a Fire Service Officer could comfortably integrate and lead an advanced medical team, adopting the team approach. Since then, the team has an impressive portfolio, supporting a range of emergency services across the North West.
A regular roster of cover is offered during busy weekend and public holiday periods to Mersey Regional Ambulance Service. Whenever the team is operational, a Consultant Anaesthetist is on-call to either respond to scene or provide advice
AAPC 2016, Advanced Anaesthesia & Pain Conclave at Sir H. N. Reliance Foundation Hospital and Research Centre
The Department of Anaesthesia & Pain Management is delighted to announce the Advanced Anaesthesia & Pain Conclave (AAPC- 2016), which will take place from Jan 23 - 24, 2016 in Mumbai.
Instruction Manual for Android Users of RFHApp©
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