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Bus : Irisbus Citelis 12
Mise en Service : 12/2005
Affectation : 7
Dépôt : Pontault-Combault
Réseau : SITUS (CEAT)
OK...so this is what happens when everytime you go outside to take a picture the weather conspires against you.
Next step is too much time infront of the editing suite and suddenly you come over all artistic and Andy Warholish until you find that you are convincing yourself you have created something that is worthy of sharing on Flickr....
In yer face Mother Nature.....
What is it about electronic music that makes it impossible for some to stand still? What is it about country music that makes others want to throw wherever the sound is coming from out the nearest window? What is it about 432 Hz that makes us feel so relaxed?
Music is a force to be reckoned with. Certain songs bring you to tears while others get you exhilarated and inspired for a once dreaded workout. People create playlists for when they’re downhearted, happy and almost every emotion in-between.
Music affects more than your psyche, as well. It is also known to affect internal functions like blood pressure, speed or slow down your heart rate, reduce anxiety and even help with digestion, amongst many other things. What most people don’t know though is how it does this. I mean, what is music made of? What properties make up the landscape of sounds that create a song?
Well in short, it's all about frequencies and, the way we feel, the way the brain responds when we listen, depends on the combination of frequencies in the track. This is known as the frequency response This simple theory will help you understand the fuss surrounding the slightly more complicated theory of the power of 432 Hz. The Earth’s Heartbeat (The Schumann Resonance) To understand this whole 432 Hz thing, we need to first learn about the Schumann Resonance, which will ultimately explain this number’s importance. German physicist Winfried Otto Schumann documented the Schumann Resonance in 1952.
He understood that global electromagnetic resonances exist within the cavity between the Earth’s surface and the inner edge of the ionosphere and are excited and activated by lightning.
He determined that the frequency of these electromagnetic waves are very low, ranging anywhere from 7.86 Hz to 8 Hz.
This frequency is essentially the Earth’s heartbeat; the frequency the Earth beats at. Now, 432 Hz resonates with the frequency of 8 Hz. And here’s how… On the musical scale where A has a frequency of 440 Hz, the note C is at about 261.656 Hz.
On the other hand, if we take 8 Hz as our starting point and work upwards by five octaves (i.e. by the seven notes in the scale five times), we reach a frequency of 256 Hz in whose scale the note A has a frequency of 432 Hz. This frequency, which is at the top end of the Theta range and at the start of the Alpha range, makes us feel very relaxed but conscious and open to intuitive learning. Listening to a concentrated recording of music at this frequency, like a binaural beats track, will synchronize (entrain) the brain to this state and induce the aforementioned effects.
Think for a moment about all the frequencies that travel through your brain in a given day: cell phones, Wi-Fi, radio and microwaves. All these exist at different frequencies and pull our brain from one frequency to the next. The brain is on a constant yo-yo, being pinged at by different frequencies: it’s no wonder these devices emitting artificial electromagnetic radiation have been linked to cancer, depression and insomnia. So it makes sense that if we spent more time being attuned to the natural electromagnetic pulses of the earth (the heartbeat of Mother Nature) – at 432 Hz – we would, in turn, feel more centered, balanced, conscious and peaceful. ✓ Try Our 432Hz Meditation Today! 432 Hz Vs the Commercial Standard 440 Hz Okay, so now we understand that, why the hell isn't all music tuned to 432 Hz! Well, it has been during some periods, and many greats have lobbied for it, but it didn't work out that way. And here's why…
According to music theory, A=432 Hz is mathematically consistent with the universe. This is known as Verdi’s ‘A’ – named after Giuseppe Verdi, a famous Italian composer.
Verdi and many other musicians, like Mozart, tuned their music to this frequency because of its healing energy and the natural ‘feel good’ properties it evoked in the audience. In fact, Verdi wrote to the Congress of Italian Musicians to have 432 Hz approved as the standard tuning. Subsequently, this was unanimously approved in 1881 and recommended further by physicists Joseph Sauveur and Felix Savart, as well as by the Italian scientist Bartolomeo Grassi Landi. However, it wasn't enough. Even though this was approved in Italy at the time, music is not tuned at 432 Hz as standard today. This is because The American Federation of Musicians accepted the 440 Hz as the standard pitch in 1917. Then, in 1940, the United States introduced 440 Hz worldwide. London followed suit, and in 1953 440 Hz was approved as the general tuning standard for musical pitch there. What? I know. Weird. Since then, 440 Hz has since stood the test of time, despite geniuses like Verdi and many great producers and composers agreeing that this frequency is disharmonic because it has no scientific relationship to the physical laws that govern our universe. Historical Use of 432 Hz: Ancient Greece, Egypt & Tibet Further evidence of a 432 Hz preference is found in ancient Greece, where instruments associated with Orpheus – the God of Music – were tuned at 432 Hz. And get this, according to international researcher and musician Ananda Bosman, the majority of instruments unearthed from ancient Egyptian sites are tuned to, yes, you guessed it, A=432 Hz! The evidence doesn’t stop there, either.
Using a Korg Tuner, like this one, sound researcher Jamie Buturff discovered that many CD recordings of Tibetan monks’ singing bowls were tuned at 432 Hz. This is undoubtedly because of the frequency's direct link to Mother Nature and natural ability to make people relax for meditative purposes. 432 hz music ✓ Experience Our 432Hz Meditation Today!
432 Hz Conspiracy Theories The mathematical theory behind 432 Hz and its endorsement by famous musicians cannot be doubted, neither can the fact that the Earth is tuned at this frequency. However, the Internet, like it does with so many things, has injected this science with mystery, sparking a number of conspiracy theories. It's not surprising though. Considering that musical greats and ancient societies preferred 432 Hz, but the US and UK ignored this and chose 440 Hz, it was bound to make people suspicious. Most theories centre around the belief that the 440 Hz frequency was deliberately adopted by governments/regimes as a way to manipulate and control the masses, making then lethargic, often borderline depressed and therefore easily influenced, Perhaps the most popular conspiracy theory is that of Nazi Germany. It is suggested that the regime decided to adopt 440 Hz as standard, avoiding 432 Hz at all costs and developing other influential frequencies alongside it designed to assist in the control of people's minds.
Joseph Goebbels, who served as a prime minister of propaganda for the German Third Reich, and whose job was to spread the Nazi message, supposedly directed this mission.
He apparently used music containing concentrated 440 Hz frequencies and others to induce fear and hostility in the masses. People listening to this music were essentially prisoners of their own aggressive consciousness.
While this certainly is an interesting theory, there is no proof to back up this claim. Why You Need More 432 Hz Music in Your Life It is no surprise that when listening to the same music tuned at the two different frequencies (432 Hz and 440 Hz), most people say they feel a sense of relaxation after having listening to the 432 Hz version. However, the average person, distinguishing between the two by ear would be difficult, and on a first listen the effects might not be that pronounced.
Over time though, you will naturally feel more pleasant listening to 432 Hz music instead of 440 Hz – because your brain will become attuned to the frequency of the Earth. 440 Hz, despite being forced upon us as a music tuning pitch standard, is not in harmony with the frequency of the Earth. It is alien to us as a species. We are part of Mother Nature, and therefore playing the brain music that isn't tuned at this frequency over a prolonged period of time will of course make you feel out of sync.
Could this be the reason that certain types of music cause behavioural issues and intense negative emotional reactions in some people? Possibly. Of course, a person might not realise that they are being affected by the frequency. Every day you hear music tuned at 440 Hz, so it is unlikely that you would stop and think, I feel quite agitated and out of sorts lately; must be all that 440 Hz music. But the reality is that it could well be the reason for days when you can't quite place why you feel imbalanced and misaligned with life. Humans are a part of nature like every other animal and plant species, so it makes absolute sense that aligning your energy with the Earth will naturally make you feel more peaceful and happier. We all know music has healing properties: Music therapists use music to help restore memory in Alzheimer’s patients, improve basic motor skills in stroke victims and help many more suffering from a range of different things. We also know that listening to specific frequencies in concentrated amounts, entrains the brain to specific states of well-being. And all the evidence, scientifically from nature, mathematically from music theory and endorsed by the likes of Verdi and Mozart, points towards the fact that 432 Hz is an extremely powerful tuning frequency, from which instruments should be tuned. For this reason, we have produced our own 432 Hz binaural beats meditation, which you can use to attune your brain to the Earth's frequency for increased well-being. Not only will you feel a calming effect after listening, regular listening will decrease feelings of stress and anxiety and in turn promote natural healing and a deeper connection with all sentient beings and the world at large. It's time to tune yourself to the heartbeat of the planet.
www.binauralbeatsmeditation.com/432-hz-truth-behind-natur...
Gather ’round, kids. Those of you with tinfoil hats may wish to ensure that they’re fitted snuggly. What I’m about to tell you will shake your faith in all the music you’ve heard in your life.
If you look down the right paths, it becomes clear that governments and various security apparatuses have used music to control us using music. All the music of the West that’s based on the standard 12-tone scale is used for the management of crowds as well as thought control.Let’s begin with some music theory. If musical performances were to sound the same the world over, some standardization was required. As early as 1885, the Music Commission of the Italian Government declared that all instruments and orchestras should use a tuning fork that vibrated at 440 Hz, which was different from the original standard of 435 Hz and the competing 432 Hz used in France.
In 1917, the American Federation of Musicians endorsed the Italians, followed by a further push for 440 Hz in the 1940s.With the help of Verdi, 432 Hz appeared as a reference at the end of the 19th century. In 1939, gear change: the International Federation of National Standards Associations, now known as the International Organization for Standardization, decided on a standard pitch at 440 Hz. This decision was ratified a few years later at an international conference in London in 1953, despite protests from Italians and French people, who were attached to Verdi's 432 Hz. Finally, in January 1975, the 440 Hz pitch became a standard (ISO 16:1975), which subsequently defined its use in all music conservatories. The 440 Hz frequency has therefore won the institutional battle, becoming an international standard.
This hegemony, and the dates on which it solidified, did not fail to provoke a reaction from conspiracy fighters of all kinds. Indeed, the promulgation in 1939 of the 440 at the expense of the 432 led to a musical coup d'état by the Nazis - the Germans had very early, around 1700, chosen the 440 Hz. With Hitler's desire to rebuild the great lost Germanic empire, music was instrumentalized, becoming a spearhead of this lost desire for greatness. Perhaps, as Amaury Cambuzat wisely points out, "they were based on a statement by Plato: if you want to control the people, start by controlling their music. The Nazis having proven their ability to recover and their obsession with imposing standards (as they adopted the swastika symbol)...". Music would therefore only be a collateral victim.There is no international conspiracy to prefer 440Hz to 432, but conspiracy theories are getting out of hand. With calculations that Nostradamus would not deny, some "specialists" are having a field day on the Web. The 432Hz would thus be "the setting that makes the golden reason of the PHI universe vibrate and unifies the properties of light, time, space, matter, gravity and magnetism with biology, the code of DNA and consciousness. When our atoms and DNA begin to resonate in harmony with the spiral pattern of nature, our sense of connection to nature is said to be "enlarged". The number 432 is also reflected in the reports of the Sun, the Earth, the Moon, the precession of the equinoxes, the Great Pyramid of Egypt, Stonehenge, Sri Yantra and many other sacred sites," says Esprits Science Métaphysiques.com. This galimatias, which puts DNA and consciousness on a scientific equal footing, brews up a delirious mysticism, proposes clever calculations that would almost prove that 432 is God's other name. In 1953, a worldwide agreement was signed. Signatories declared that middle “A” on the piano be forevermore tuned to exactly 440 Hz. This frequency became the standard ISO-16 reference for tuning all musical instruments based on the chromatic scale, the one most often used for music in the West. All the other notes are tuned in standard mathematical ratios leading to and from 440 Hz.
This tone standard is now universally accepted, which is why a piano in Toronto sounds exactly the same as a piano in China.
Weirdly, no one can say for sure why this frequency was chosen in the first place. In fact, there those among us who vehemently disagree with this standard. In fact, they consider the 440 Hz middle “A” to be an abomination against nature. Adherents to this theory claim that a more “natural” frequency for middle “A” is 438 Hz. Others believe that the correct middle “A” is 432 Hz (also known as Verdi’s A) because it has “a pure tone of math fundamental to nature” and is “mathematically consistent with the patterns of the universe, vibrating with Phi, the Golden Ratio. They point to how this pitch can be connected to everything from nautilus shells to the works of the ancients, including the construction of the Great Pyramid. Furthermore, 432 Hz resonates with 8 Hz (the Schumann Resonance), the documented fundamental electromagnetic “beat” of Earth. It just feels better. Research says that music tuned from this frequency is easier to listen to, brighter, clearer, and contains more inherent dynamic range. As a result, music with this tuning need not be played at higher volumes and thus reduces the risk of hearing damage.If the importance of musical frequency remains undeniable, since the human body is intrinsically sensitive to its environment, wanting to discern a pitch superior to all is ineptitude. Amaury Cambuzat remains convinced "that none of these tuning fork frequencies, whether 440 Hz or others, is absolute. This frequency would have to be continuously modulated and modified according to places, seasons, and so many other biological factors to be able to approach a "perfect vibration" frequency. Again, assuming that the latter exists. 432 Hz could become the majority frequency nowadays but certainly not universal. To affirm such a theory, it would be necessary to deny that everything is in motion, in constant evolution, not to take into account the peoples who rely on their traditional way of singing and playing their instruments in direct relation with their senses, their culture and what surrounds them, and certainly not on a standard pitch at 432 or 440 Hz". The more radical among middle “A” haters insist that the true frequency should be 528 Hz because it’s a “digital bio-holographic precipitation crystallization [and] miraculous manifestation of diving frequency vibrations.” I have no idea what that means. Here’s where the conspiracy comes in. There is allegedly something sinister and evil about 440 Hz. It is said that the Rockefeller Foundation had an interest in making sure the United States adopted the 440 Hz standard in 1935 as part of a “war on consciousness” leading to “musical cult control.” Without going too far down this rat hole, this theory says that tuning all music to 440 Hz turns it into a military weapon. I quote from one of the many online articles on the subject: “The monopolization of the music industry features this imposed frequency that is ‘herding’ populations into greater aggression, psychosocial agitation, and emotional distress predisposing people to physical illnesses and financial impositions profiting the agents, agencies, and companies engaged in the monopoly.” Going a little deeper, we end up at the doorstep of the Nazis. It is said that propaganda minister Joseph Goebbels insisted that on 440 Hz tuning in Germany because he believed it made people think and feel in specific ways, making them “a prisoner of a certain consciousness.” And if you’re trying to mobilize the population for Der Fuhrer, that’s exactly what you want, right? There’s more from the Tinfoil Headphones crowd: “The powers that be are successfully lowering the vibrations of not only the young generation but the rest of us as well. These destructive frequencies entrain the thoughts towards disruption, disharmony, and disunity. Additionally, they also stimulate the controlling organ of the body — the brain — into disharmonious resonance, which ultimately creates disease and war.” There’s something to think about the next time you pop in some earbuds. Does listening to music make you feel more warlike and diseased? I’ve also been told that the different effects these frequencies have on our chakras. Songs tuned to 440 Hz work on the third eye chakra (the “thinking”) while 432 Hz stimulates the heart chakra (the “feeling”). Therefore, 432 Hz music increases the spiritual development of the listener. It may even have healing properties.
There are numerous organizations advocating a universal switch to 432 Hz, but that would involve upsetting worldwide standards, not to mention the construction and re-tuning of millions of musical instruments. Nice idea, but it ain’t gonna happen. If that idea stressed you out, please meditate on this special 432 Hz music.If many artists would have set their frequencies at 432 Hz like Jim Morrison, Janis Joplin or John Lennon (very strong presumptions still weigh on Imagine), their choices did not derive from an obsession for purity, perfection or the so-called superiority of one pitch over the other but only from a research, an artistic curiosity that experiments and decompartmentalizes the norms to better embrace their diversity.
globalnews.ca/news/4194106/440-hz-conspiracy-music/
The building is designed as a cultural and residential complex.[2] The original 1966 brick façade of the Kaispeicher A, formerly a warehouse, was retained at the base of the building. On top of this a footprint-matching superstructure rests on its own foundation exhibiting a glassy exterior and a wavy roof line. About one thousand glass windows are curved.[17] The building has 26 floors with the first eight floors within the brick façade. It reaches its highest point with 108 meters at the western side.[2] The footprint of the building measures 120,000 m2. A curved escalator from the main entrance at the east side connects the ground floor with an observation deck, the Plaza, at the 8th floor, the top of the brick section. The Plaza is accessible by the public. It offers a view of Hamburg and the Elbe. From the Plaza the foyer of the concert hall can be reached.
The Elbphilharmonie has three concert venues. The Great Concert Hall can accommodate 2,100 visitors whereby the performers are in the center of the hall surrounded by the audience in the vineyard style arrangement. The acoustics were designed by Yasuhisa Toyota who installed about 10,000 individually microshaped drywall plates to disperse sound waves.[17] The Great Concert Hall contains a pipe organ with 69 registers built by Klais Orgelbau. The Recital Hall is intended for the performance of recitals, chamber music and jazz concerts; it can hold an audience of 550 people.[2] In addition, there is the Kaistudio that allows for 170 visitors and is intended to serve educational activities.[17] The consultant for the scenography of the concert hall was Ducks Scéno.
The easternmost part of the building is rented by Westin as the Westin Hamburg Hotel that opened on 4 November 2016.[18] The hotel offers 244 rooms between the 9th and 20th floors. The lobby in the 8th floor can be accessed from the Plaza. The upper floors west of the concert hall accommodate 45 luxury apartments. The complex also houses conference rooms, restaurants, bars, and a spa. A parking garage for 433 cars is part of the building complex as well.
Affects us all ...
too many bodies lay in the street ...
too many hungry mouths that have the right to feed ...
found while holiday shopping at the Pacific Galleries antique mall in Seattle
This was described on the merchandise tag as a set-drop for a theater show. Perhaps a puppet theater? There was also a fall version on the far side of the mall.
Harry: *Deep breaths...*
Trevor: *It’s still like a couple days away to get there! I mean, I already figured out how it takes for us....*
Harry: *I know it’s tough, we can make it. If the weather changes affect the trip.*
Trevor: *There! We can stay overnight.*
Harry: *I surely hope I have enough money for that....*
It’s about another couple of hours since we escaped from the city, and took a random vehicle into the desert. Maybe the camels weren’t available, even if there’s an advanced, mechanical one (the 24th century we live in, of course). I managed to find a overnight desert camp after trekking for another 4k, as I paid our one night rent in some tents for the two of us. The receptionist was somehow pleased—I had a backup mask for Trevor, as he commented how we looked good as father and son. Heh.
After offered a great meal, it’s already inching towards late night—getting more colder as the temperature is dropping. Sleeping bags and blankets are provided as I keep my weapons and gadgets in check if there is an attack. Eventually, it turns midnight as Trevor reads a book (more advanced than iPads) to himself.
Harry: *Getting late kid. Shouldn’t you get some sleep?*
Trevor: *But....I’m not tired.*
Harry: *You uh....want me to read you a story?*
Trevor: *Sure....how about you tell me yours, Harry? I find you very interesting, especially that mask, I like it a lot. Where did you get it from?*
Harry: *Me? Nah, I’m not—*
Trevor: *Please?*
Harry: *Ok, ok, alright. So apparently, I shouldn’t be telling you this, because I’m a secret agent. And....I work for a very, very secretive group, good one of course.*
Trevor: *Ooh.*
Harry: *And I’m one of the members of this team within the agency, we are dubbed the Avalon Squad. Just like age old tales of Arthurian times, the island. It means apples, haha, but not exactly because according to the legend that’s where heroes are taken to after death.”
Trevor: *Wow, that is so cool!*
Harry: *Yeah I guess. Wait, did they never teach you these in school?*
Trevor: *Yeah, no....I mean my parents sent me to this facility when I was young. They died right after I was there, I can confirm it, from a car accident. They didn’t like me for what I was because I was too smart—and I had to be repressed, being looked down and humiliated at by people before I was taken. So I eventually got together like the other kids, we learn, live, eat and sleep there. We don’t get too much entertainment, but they said they were gonna train us when we grow up. Life was harsh and people were cruel as well, especially some of the instructors and students.*
Harry: *Huh, that’s....quite sickening.*
Trevor: *But the good thing is—they took us around the world, that’s a privilege you get to travel. I thought there were no other facilities, but it turns out I’m not the only one around....I’m scared....and now they’re going after my brain because they choose random cadets for their powers to be harvested....*
Harry: “Ho-lee shit.” *I guess you managed to make it out when my not-so-good team rescued you.*
Trevor: *Yup.*
Harry: *Just as I thought. You’re important now...but you risk being an asset to lose because you’re a bait as well.*
Trevor: *Mhmm. So, can we get back to your story?*
Harry: *Sure. So where did we leave off...yup, my mask. I didn’t have the greatest childhood ever like you. I went through harsh times, raised in Greece and Canada, went through being brainwashed and torture and lots of terrible stuff. I mean, they triggered my abilities as well, like you from a certain age. To become invisible. That made me the ultimate assassin in various teams. On my unintended last one, I burnt horribly....bad. I left and went to a black market to be fixed, crawling there...it’s really painful, no joke. Then he referred me to this guy, Doctor Edens. I can show him and the rest later. So I guess how I ended up with the team.*
As we entered another hour of talking, I was beginning to be much more acquainted with Trevor. It was late at midnight as we still traded stories. Finally, he asked me to take off my mask. As I revealed my disfigured face, he didn’t scream. He simply showed smiles and hugged me, much to my surprise.
Trevor: *Harry, you’re not ugly at all. You’re beautiful. I think you're just cool like that. Even your mask is amazing and it often covers who you are, but you shouldn't be afraid to show it off.*
Harry: *Well uh....thanks kiddo. If I didn’t become an assassin, I would have been a social worker, a chef...maybe a good regular job, which is pretty ironic because of my status like that....but it'll never happen.*
Trevor: *But would you give up on your dreams like that?*
Harry: *Probably not. I bet you'd be a great genius when you grow older. Now, it’s really late and we should sleep.*
***
The next morning was probably good. I woke up with a daze, looking out to the horizon, the aura of the sunshine. I grinned at Trevor, who was still sleeping soundly. Around 10:30 or so, we had our breakfast and packed our backs and started to leave for checkout.
When we exited the tent, there was no one around. My instincts told me it was weird once again. I tried to phone my team to “co-operate”, but with no response. The receptionist gave me a creepy smile. Not again. It seems like I always have a habit of being followed, being spared the previous night must have been a gift, or better, not getting food poisoning at dinner.
And a woman stepped forward. I realised it was North’s niece. Carla Michaels.
“Hello, Ghostforge. I see you have enjoyed the company of our hospitality.”
“What do you want, Carla?”
“You know what I want.”
“So bring it.”
“And, Carla Michaels isn’t my real name. It’s an alias. I’ve slaughtered a few guests already since they were unwilling to work with us, and the rest is gone, free. Unless you want to hand over what belongs to us rightfully.”
“Not a chance. Your uncle won’t get what he ever wants. Never.”
“Well, just too bad. Boys, kill him, and bring me the child.”
Oh crap. Guess that’s when the desert dries quick. I grab my rifle and spray a couple of them down. Two minutes with a quickshot and I already have five killed. I take Trevor’s hand and run through the other tents. I witness a grenade being thrown onto our direction, scaring out some of the other incoming tourists (one must have believed this would be a live stunt show performance). Two more get thrown again. We take cover behind some trees, but I’m not too lucky as my right arm is somewhat burnt. Blood streams down me as I quickly grab a bandage from my bag and patch myself up.
Nearby I hear “Carla Michaels” to keep searching for us in this mess again. Really for the second fucking time. I’m pissed. I spot another nearby car, signaling Trevor to activate the car with my gestures, as his body quickly adapts to speed. I get in the driver’s seat quickly. Gee, this thing has much harness and with plasma in it. It’s a fast one and I like it. I quickly grab my pistol and shoot at the mini statue, which falls on some of the Spectres. “Carla Michaels” attempts to give chase but fails. We ride away as quickly as we can....
Trevor: *That was exciting!*
Harry: *Yeah yeah, another day of worthless fighting....honestly I would rather have some rest alone, maybe you’re an exception kid.*
Trevor: *Wait!*
Harry: *What?*
Trevor: *I somewhat know where my friends are....in that facility. And I have a bad feeling about them?*
Harry: *So your powers are kicking in then huh? Great, so where are they?*
Trevor: *There’s an invisible building near the airport....and they even have goddamn big base down there. But....only you can detect it, Harry.*
Triple shit again this time. Now I’ve gotta go fucking clean up this mess and rescue the kids. With a person having a dubious alias aka “Carla Michaels” hot on my trail.....
When we see people doing things that are socially unaccepted we automatically create an impression of that person, whether that person has tattoos, is drunk, or is smoking. We are affected by the actions of the people around us whether we like it or not.
The days drag and the weeks fly by.
It has been a grim week at work, and yet the weekend is here once again.
The cold snap is still here; thick frosts and icy patches, but Sunday afternoon storms will sweep in from the west and temperatures will soar by day to 13 degrees.
But for now it is cold, and colder at nights, the wood burner makes the living room toasty warm, though the rest of the house seems like a fridge in comparison.
Even though we went to bed at nine, we slept to nearly half seven, which meant we were already later than usual going to Tesco.
We had a coffee first, then got dressed and went out into the winter wonderland.
Tesco was more crowded mainly because we were an hour later. There were no crackers for cheese, a whole aisle empty of cream crackers and butter wafers.
There is only so much food you can eat even over Christmas, so the cracker-shortage won't affect us, we have two Dundee cakes, filling for two lots of mince pies and pastry for five lots of sausage rolls.
We won't starve.
We buy another bag of stuff for the food bank, try to get two weeks of stuff so we wont need to go next weekend, just to a farm shop for vegetables, and the butcher for the Christmas order, though on the 25th we are going out for dinner to the Lantern.
Back home for fruit, then bacon butties and another huge brew. Yes, smoked bacon is again in short supply, with just the basic streaky smoked available, but we're not fussy, so that does the trick.
Also, Jools picked up her inhalers for her cough, and so, we hope, the road to recovery begins.
What to do with the day?
Although a walk would have been good, Jools can do no more than ten minutes in freezing conditions before a coughing fits starts, so a couple of churches to revisit and take more shots of.
First on the list was St Leonard in Upper Deal. A church I have only have been inside once. As it was just half ten, there should have been a chance it was open, but no. We parked up and I walked over the road to try the porch door, but it was locked.
No worries, as the next two would certainly be open.
Just up the road towards Canterbury is Ash.
Ash is a large village that the main roads now bypass its narrow streets, and buses call not so frequently.
The church towers over the village, its spire piercing the grey sky. We park beside the old curry hours than burned down a decade ago, is now a house and no sign of damage.
indeed the church was open, though the porch door was closed, it opened with use of the latch, and the inner glass door swung inwards, revealing an interior I had forgotten about, rich Victorian glass let in the weak sunlight, allowing me to take detailed shots. It was far better and more enjoyable than I remembered.
Once I took 200 or so shots, we went back to the car, drove back to the main road, and on to Wingham, where the church there, a twin of Wingham, would also be open too.
And it was.
The wardens were just finishing trimming the church up, and putting out new flowers, it was a bustle of activity, then one by one they left.
got my shots, and we left, back to the car and to home, though we did stop at he farm shop at Aylsham, and all we wanted was some sweet peppers for hash.
We went in and there was the bakery: I bought two sausage rolls, four small pork pies and two Cajun flavours scotch eggs. We got cider, beer, healthy snacks (we told ourselves) and finally found the peppers.
Three peppers cost £50!
Then back home, along the A2.
And arriving back home at one. We feasted on the scotch eggs and two of the pork pies.
Yummy.
There was the third place play off game to watch on the tellybox, the Football league to follow on the radio. We lit the woodburner and it was soon toasty warm.
At half five, Norwich kicked off, and hopes were high as Blackburn had not beaten us in over a decade.
And, yes you guessed it, Norwich lost. Played poorly, and in Dad's words, were lucky to get nil.
Oh dear.
Oh dear indeed.
We have Christmas cake for supper, and apart from the football, as was well with the world.
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A large and impressive church of mainly thirteenth century date over restored in 1847 by the irrepressible William Butterfield. The scale of the interior is amazing - particularly in the tower crossing arches which support the enormous spire. They are an obvious insertion into an earlier structure. The best furnishing at Ash is the eighteenth century font which stands on an inscribed base. For the visitor interested in memorials, Ash ahs more than most ranging from the fourteenth century effigy of a knight to two excellent alabaster memorials to Sir Thomas Harfleet (d 1612) and Christopher Toldervy (d 1618). Mrs Toldervy appears twice in the church for she accompanies her husband on his memorial and may also be seen as a `weeper` on her parents` memorial! On that she is one of two survivors of what was once a group of seven daughters - all her weeping brothers have long since disappeared.
www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Ash+2
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ASH
LIES adjoining to the last-described parish of Staple northward. It is written in Domesday, Ece, and in other antient records, Aisse, and is usually called Ash, near Sandwich, to distinguish it from Ash, near Wrotham.
The parish of Ash is very large, extending over a variety of soil and country, of hill, dale, and marsh lands, near four miles across each way, and containing more than six thousand acres of land, of which about one half is marsh, the river Stour being its northern bounday, where it is very wet and unwholesone, but the southern or upland part of the parish is very dary, pleasant and healthy. The soil in general is fertile, and lets on an average at about one pound an acre; notwithstanding, there is a part of it about Ash-street and Gilton town, where it is a deep sand. The village of Ash, commonly called Ash-street, situated in this part of it, on high ground, mostly on the western declivity of a hill, having the church on the brow of it, is built on each side of the road from Canterbury to Sandwich, and contains about fifty houses. On the south side of this road, about half a mile westward, is a Roman burial ground, of which further mention will be taken hereaster, and adjoining to it the hamlet of Gilton town, formerly written Guildanton, in which is Gilton parsonage, a neat stuccoed house, lately inhabited by Mr. Robert Legrand, and now by Mrs. Becker. In the valley southward stands Mote farm, alias Brooke house, formerly the habitation of the Stoughtons, then of the Ptoroude's and now the property of Edward Solly, esq. of London.
There are dispersed throughout this large parish many small hamlets and farms, which have been formerly of more consequence, from the respective owners and in habitants of them, all which, excepting East and New Street, and Great Pedding, (the latter of which was the antient residence of the family of solly, who lie buried in Ash church-yard, and bore for their arms, Vert, a chevron, per pale, or, and gules, between three soles naiant, argent, and being sold by one of them to dean Lynch, is now in the possession of lady Lynch, the widow of Sir William Lynch, K. B.) are situated in the northern part of the parish, and contain together about two hundred and fifty houses, among them is Hoden, formerly the residence of the family of St. Nicholas; Paramour-street, which for many years was the residence of those of that name, and Brook-street, in which is Brook-house, the residence of the Brooke's, one of whom John Brooke, esq. in queen Elizabeth's reign, resided here, and bore for his arms, Per bend, vert and sable, two eagles, counterchanged.
William, lord Latimer, anno 38 Edward III. obtained a market to be held at Ash, on a Thursday; and a fair yearly on Lady-day, and the two following ones. A fair is now held in Ash-street on Lady and Michaelmas days yearly.
In 1473 there was a lazar house for the infirm of the leprosy, at Eche, near Sandwich.
¶The manor of Wingham claims paramount over this parish, subordinate to which there were several manors in it, held of the archbishop, to whom that manor belonged, the mansions of which, being inhabited by families of reputation and of good rank in life, made this parish of much greater account than it has been for many years past, the mansions of them having been converted for a length of time into farmhouses to the lands to which they belong.
f this manor, (viz. Wingham) William de Acris holds one suling in Fletes, and there he has in demesne one carucate and four villeins, and one knight with one carucate, and one fisbery, with a saltpit of thirty pence. The whole is worth forty shillings.
This district or manor was granted by archbishop Lanfranc, soon after this, to one Osberne, (fn. 7) of whom I find no further mention, nor of this place, till king Henry III.'s reign, when it seems to have been separated into two manors, one of which, now known by the name of the manor of Gurson Fleet, though till of late time by that of Fleet only, was held afterwards of the archbishop by knight's service, by the family of Sandwich, and afterwards by the Veres, earls of Oxford, one of whom, Robert de Vere, earl of Oxford, who died anno 3 Edward III. was found by the escheat-rolls of that year, to have died possessed of this manor of Fleet, which continued in his descendants down to John de Vere, earl of Oxford, who for his attachment to the house of Lancaster, was attainted in the first year of king Edward IV. upon which this manor came into the hands of the crown, and was granted the next year to Richard, duke of Gloucester, the king's brother, with whom it staid after his succession to the crown, as king Richard III. on whose death, and the accession of king Henry VII. this manor returned to the possession of John, earl of Oxford, who had been attainted, but was by parliament anno I Henry VII. restored in blood, titles and possessions. After which this manor continued in his name and family till about the middle of queen Elizabeth's reign, when Edward Vere, earl of Oxford, alienated it to Hammond, in whose descendants it continued till one of them, in the middle of king Charles II.'s reign, sold it to Thomas Turner, D. D. who died possessed of it in 1672, and in his name and descendants it continued till the year 1748, when it was sold to John Lynch, D. D. dean of Canterbury, whose son Sir William Lynch, K. B. died possessed of it in 1785, and by his will devised it, with the rest of his estates, to his widow lady Lynch, who is the present possessor of it. A court baron is held for this manor.
Archbishop Lanfranc, on his founding the priory of St. Gregory, in the reign of the Conqueror, gave to it the tithe of the manor of Fleet; which gift was confirmed by archbishop Hubert in Richard I.'s reign. This portion of tithes, which arose principally from Gurson Fleet manor, remained with the priory at its dissolution, and is now part of Goldston parsonage, parcel of the see of Canterbury, of which further mention has been made before.
The other part of the district of Fleet was called, to distinguish it, and from the possessors of it, the manor of Nevills Fleet, though now known by the name of Fleet only, is situated between Gurson and Richborough, adjoining to the former. This manor was held in king John's reign of the archbishop, by knight's service, by Thomas Pincerna, so called probably from his office of chief butler to that prince, whence his successors assumed the name of Butler, or Boteler. His descendant was Robert le Boteler, who possessed this manor in king Ed ward I.'s reign, and from their possession of it, this manor acquired for some time the name of Butlers Fleet; but in the 20th year of king Edward III. William, lord Latimer of Corbie, appears to have been in the possession of it, and from him it acquired the name of Latimers Fleet. He bore for his arms, Gules, a cross flory, or. After having had summons to parliament, (fn. 8) he died in the begening of king Richard II.'s reign, leaving Elizabeth his sole daughter and heir, married to John, lord Nevill, of Raby, whose son John bore the title of lord Latimer, and was summoned to parliament as lord Latimer, till the 9th year of king Henry VI. in which he died, so that the greatest part of his inheritance, among which was this manor, came by an entail made, to Ralph, lord Nevill, and first earl of Westmoreland, his eldest, but half brother, to whom he had sold, after his life, the barony of Latimer, and he, by seoffment, vested it, with this manor and much of the inheritance above-mentioned, in his younger son Sir George Nevill, who was accordingly summoned to parliament as lord Latimer, anno 10 Henry VI. and his grandson Richard, lord Latimer, in the next regin of Edward IV. alienated this manor, which from their length of possession of it, had acquired the name of Nevill's Fleet, to Sir James Cromer, and his son Sir William Cromer, in the 11th year of king Henry VII, sold it to John Isaak, who passed it away to Kendall, and he, in the beginning of king Henry VIII.'s reign, sold it to Sir John Fogge, of Repton, in Ashford, who died possessed of it in 1533, and his son, of the same name, before the end of it, passed it away to Mr. Thomas Rolfe, and he sold it, within a few years afterwards, to Stephen Hougham, gent. of this parish, who by his will in 1555, devised it to his youngest son Rich. Hougham, of Eastry, from one of whose descendants it was alienated to Sir Adam Spracklin, who sold it to one of the family of Septvans, alias Harflete, in which name it continued till within a few years after the death of king Charles I. when by a female heir Elizabeth it went in marriage to Thomas Kitchell, esq. in whose heirs it continued till it was at length, about the year 1720, alienated by one of them to Mr. Thomas Bambridge, warden of the Fleet prison, upon whose death it became vested in his heirs-at-law, Mr. James Bambridge, of the Temple, attorney at-law, and Thomas Bambridge, and they divided this estate, and that part of it allotted to the latter was soon afterwards alienated by him to Mr. Peter Moulson, of London, whose only daughter and heir carried it in marriage to Mr. Geo. Vaughan, of London, and he and the assignees of Mr. James Bambridge last mentioned, have lately joined in the conveyance of the whole fee of this manor to Mr. Joseph Solly, gent. of Sandwich, the present owner of it. There is not any court held for this manor.
In this district, and within this manor of Fleet lastmentioned, there was formerly a chapel of cose to the church of Ash, as that was to the church of Wingham, to which college, on its foundation by archbishop Peckham in 1286, the tithes, rents, obventions, &c of this chapel and district was granted by him, for the support in common of the provost and canons of it, with whom it remained till the suppression of it, anno I king Edward VI. The tithes, arising from this manor of Fleet, and the hamlet of Richborough, are now a part of the rectory of Ash, and of that particular part of it called Gilton parsonage, parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury, of which further mention will be made hereafter. There have not been any remains left of it for a long time part.
Richborough is a hamlet and district of land, in the south-east part of this parish, rendered famous from the Roman fort and town built there, and more so formerly, from the port or haven close adjoining to it.
It was in general called by the Romans by the plural name of Rutupiæ; for it must be observed that the æstuary, which at that time separated the Isle of Thanet from the main land of Kent, and was the general passage for shipping,had at each mouth of it, towards the sea, a fort and haven, called jointly Rutupiæ. That at the northern part and of it being now called Reculver, and that at the eastern, being the principal one, this of Richborough.
The name of it is variously spelt in different authors. By Ptolemy it is written [Patapiaia (?)] urbem; by Tacitus, according to the best reading, Portus, Rutupensis; by Antonine, in his Itinerary, Ritupas, and Ritupis Portum; by Ammianus, Ritupiæ statio; afterwards by the Saxons, Reptacester, and now Richborough.
The haven, or Portus Rutupinus, or Richborough, was very eminent in the time of the Romans, and much celebrated in antient history, being a safe and commodious harbour, stationem ex adverso tranquillam, as Ammianus calls it, situated at the entrance of the passage towards then Thamas, and becoming the general place of setting sail from Britain to the continent, and where the Roman fleets arrived, and so large and extensive was the bay of it, that it is supposed to have extended far beyond Sandwich on the one side, almost to Ramsgate cliffs on the other, near five miles in width, covering the whole of that flat of land on which Stonar and Sandwich were afterwards built, and extending from thence up the æstuary between the Isle of Thanet and the main land. So that Antonine might well name it the Port, in his Itinerary, [Kat exochin], from there being no other of like consequence, and from this circumstance the shore for some distance on each side acquired the general name of Littus Rutupinum, the Rutupian shore. (fn. 9) Some have contended that Julius Cæsar landed at Richborough, in his expeditions into Britain; but this opinion is refuted by Dr. Hasley in Phil, Trans. No. 193, who plainly proves his place of landing to have been in the Downs. The fort of Richborough, from the similarity of the remains of it to those of Reculver, seems to have been built about the same time, and by the same emperer, Serveris, about the year 205. It stands on the high hill, close to a deep precipice eastward, at the soot of which was the haven. In this fortress, so peculiarly strengthened by its situation, the Romans had afterwards a stationary garrison, and here they had likewise a pharos, of watch tower, the like as at Reculver and other places on this coast, as well to guide the shipping into the haven, as to give notice of the approach of enemies. It is by most supposed that there was, in the time of the Romans, near the fort, in like manner as at Reculver, a city or town, on the decline of the hill, south-westward from it, according to custom, at which a colony was settled by them. Prolemy, in his geography, reckons the city Rutpia as one of the three principal cities of Kent. (fn. 10) Orosius. and Bede too, expressly mention it as such; but when the haven decayed, and there was no longer a traffic and resort to this place, the town decayed likewise, and there have not been, for many ages since, any remains whatever of it left; though quantities of coins and Roman antiquities have been sound on the spot where it is supposed to have once stood.
During the latter part of the Roman empire, when the Saxons prevented all trade by sea, and insefted these coasts by frequent robberies, the second Roman legion, called Augusta, and likewise Britannica, which had been brought out of Germany by the emperor Claudius, and had resided for many years at the Isca Silurum, in Wales, was removed and stationed here, under a president or commander, præpositus, of its own, who was subordinate to the count of the Saxon shore, and continued so till the final departure of the Romans from Britain, in the year 410, when this fortress was left in the hands of the Britons, who were afterwards dispossessed of it by the Saxons, during whose time the harbour seems to have began to decay and to swerve up, the sea by degrees entirely deserting it at this place, but still leaving one large and commodious at Sandwich, which in process of time became the usual resort for shipping, and arose a flourishing harbour in its stead, as plainly appears by the histories of those times, by all of which, both the royal Saxon fleets, as well as those of the Danes, are said to sail for the port of Sandwich, and there to lie at different times; (fn. 11) and no further mention is made by any of them of this of Rutupiæ, Reptachester, or Richborough; so that the port being thus destroyed, the town became neglected and desolate, and with the castle sunk into a heap of ruins. Leland's description of it in king Henry VIII.'s reign, is very accurate, and gives an exceeding good idea of the progressive state of its decay to that time. He says, "Ratesburg otherwyse Richeboro was, of ever the ryver of Sture dyd turn his botom or old canale, withyn the Isle of the Thanet, and by Iykelyhod the mayn se came to the very foote of the castel. The mayn se ys now of yt a myle by reason of wose, that has there swollen up. The scite of the town or castel ys wonderful fair apon an hille. The walles the wich remayn ther yet be in cumpase almost as much as the tower of London. They have bene very hye thykke stronge and wel embateled. The mater of them is flynt mervelus and long brykes both white and redde after the Britons fascion. The sement was made of se sand and smaul pible. Ther is a great lykelyhod that the goodly hil abowte the castel and especially to Sandwich ward hath bene wel inhabited. Corne groweth on the hille yn bene mervelous plenty and yn going to plowgh ther hath owt of mynde fownd and now is mo antiquities of Romayne money than yn any place els of England surely reason speketh that this should be Rutupinum. For byside that the name sumwhat toucheth, the very near passage fro Cales Clyves or Cales was to Ratesburgh and now is to Sandwich, the which is about a myle of; though now Sandwich be not celebrated by cawse of Goodwine sandes and the decay of the haven. Ther is a good flyte shot of fro Ratesburg toward Sandwich a great dyke caste in a rownd cumpas as yt had bene for sens of menne of warre. The cumpase of the grownd withyn is not much above an acre and yt is very holo by casting up the yerth. They cawle the place there Lytleborough. Withyn the castel is a lytle paroche chirch of St. Augustine and an heremitage. I had antiquities of the heremite the which is an industrious man. Not far fro the hermitage is a cave wher men have sowt and digged for treasure. I saw it by candel withyn, and ther were conys. Yt was so straite that I had no mynd to crepe far yn. In the north side of the castel ys a hedde yn the walle, now fore defaced with wether. They call it queen Bertha hedde. Nere to that place hard by the wal was a pot of Romayne mony sownd."
The ruins of this antient castle stand upon the point of a hill or promontory, about a mile north-west from Sandwich, overlooking on each side, excepting towards the west, a great flat which appears by the lowness of it, and the banks of beach still shewing themselves in different places, to have been all once covered by the sea. The east side of this hill is great part of it so high and perpendicular from the flat at the foot of it, where the river Stour now runs, that ships with the greatest burthen might have lain close to it, and there are no signs of any wall having been there; but at the north end, where the ground rises into a natural terrace, so as to render one necessary, there is about 190 feet of wall left. Those on the other three sides are for the most part standing, and much more entire than could be expected, considering the number of years since they were built, and the most so of any in the kingdom, except Silchester. It is in shape an oblong square, containing within it a space of somewhat less than five acres. They are in general about ten feet high within, but their broken tops shew them to have been still higher. The north wall, on the outside, is about twice as high as it is within, or the other two, having been carried up from the very bottom of the hill, and it seems to have been somewhat longer than it is at present, by some pieces of it sallen down at the east end. The walls are about eleven feet thick. In the middle of the west side is the aperture of an entrance, which probably led to the city or town, and on the north side is another, being an entrance obliquely into the castle. Near the middle of the area are the ruins of some walls, full of bushes and briars, which seem as if some one had dug under ground among them, probably where once stood the prætorium of the Roman general, and where a church or chapel was afterwards erected, dedicated to St. Augustine, and taken notice of by Leland as such in his time. It appears to have been a chapel of ease to the church of Ash, for the few remaining inhabitants of this district, and is mentioned as such in the grant of the rectory of that church, anno 3 Edward VI. at which time it appears to have existed. About a furlong to the south, in a ploughed field, is a large circular work, with a hollow in the middle, the banks of unequal heights, which is supposed to have been an amphitheatre, built of turf, for the use of the garrison, the different heights of the banks having been occasioned by cultivation, and the usual decay, which must have happened from so great a length of time. These stations of the Romans, of which Richborough was one, were strong fortifications, for the most part of no great compass or extent, wherein were barracks for the loding of the soldiers, who had their usual winter quarters in them. Adjoining, or at no great distance from them, there were usually other, buildings forming a town; and such a one was here at Richborough, as has been already mentioned before, to which the station or fort was in the nature of a citadel, where the soldiers kept garrison. To this Tacitus seems to allude, when he says, "the works that in time of peace had been built, like a free town, not far from the camp, were destroyed, left they should be of any service to the enemy." (fn. 12) Which in great measure accounts for there being no kind of trace or remains left, to point out where this town once stood, which had not only the Romans, according to the above observation, but the Saxons and Danes afterwards, to carry forward at different æras the total destruction of it.
The burial ground for this Roman colony and station of Richborough, appears to have been on the hill at the end of Gilton town, in this parish, about two miles south-west from the castle, and the many graves which have been continually dug up there, in different parts of it, shew it to have been of general use for that purpose for several ages.
The scite of the castle at Richborough was part of the antient inheritance of the family of the Veres, earls of Oxford, from which it was alienated in queen Elizabeth's reign to Gaunt; after which it passed, in like manner as Wingham Barton before-described, to Thurbarne, and thence by marriage to Rivett, who sold it to Farrer, from whom it was alienated to Peter Fector, esq. of Dover, the present possessor of it. In the deed of conveyance it is thus described: And also all those the walls and ruins of the antient castle of Rutupium, now known by the name of Richborough castle, with the scite of the antient port and city of Rutupinum, being on and near the lands before-mentioned. About the walls of Richborough grows Fæniculum valgare, common fennel, in great plenty.
It may be learned from the second iter of Antonine's Itinerary, that there was once a Roman road, or highway from Canterbury to the port of Richborough, in which iter the two laft stations are, from Durovernum, Canterbury, to Richborough, ad portum Rutupis, xii miles; in which distance all the different copies of the Itinerary agree. Some parts of this road can be tracted at places at this time with certainty; and by the Roman burial-ground, usually placed near the side of a high road, at Gilton town, and several other Roman vestigia thereabouts, it may well be supposed to have led from Canterbury through that place to Richborough, and there is at this time from Goldston, in Ash, across the low-grounds to it, a road much harder and broader than usual for the apparent use of it, which might perhaps be some part of it.
Charities.
A person unknown gave four acres and an half of land, in Chapman-street, of the annual produce of 5l. towards the church assessments.
Thomas St. Nicholas, esq. of this parish, by deed about the year 1626, gave an annuity of 11. 5s. to be paid from his estate of Hoden, now belonging to the heirs of Nathaniel Elgar, esq. to be distributed yearly, 10s. to the repairing and keeping clean the Toldervey monument in this church, and 15s. on Christmas-day to the poor.
John Proude, the elder, of Ash, yeoman, by his will in 1626, ordered that his executor should erect upon his land adjoining to the church-yard, a house, which should be disposed of in future by the churchwardens and overseers, for a school-house, and for a storehouse, to lay in provision for the church and poor. This house is now let at 1l. per annum, and the produce applied to the use of the poor.
Richard Camden, in 1642, gave by will forty perches of land, for the use of the poor, and of the annual produce of 15s. now vested in the minister and churchwardens.
Gervas Cartwright, esq. and his two sisters, in 1710 and 1721, gave by deed an estate, now of the yearly value of 50l. for teaching fifty poor children to read, write, &c. vested in the minister, churchwardens, and other trustees.
The above two sisters, Eleanor and Anne Cartwright, gave besides 100l. for beautifying the chancel, and for providing two large pieces of plate for the communion service; and Mrs. Susan Robetts added two other pieces of plate for the same purpose.
There is a large and commodious workhouse lately built, for the use of the poor, to discharge the expence of which, 100l. is taken yearly out of the poor's rate, till the whole is discharged. In 1604, the charges of the poor were 29l. 15s. 11d. In 1779. 1000l.
There is a charity school for boys and girls, who are educated, but not cloathed.
The poor constantly relieved are about seventy-five, casually fifty-five.
This parish is within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the dioceseof Canterbury, and deanry of Bridge.
The church, which is dedicated to St. Nicholas, is a handsome building, of the form of a cross, consisting of two isles and two chancels, and a cross sept, having a tall spire steeple in the middle, in which are eight bells and a clock. It is very neat and handsome in the inside. In the high or south chancel is a monument for the Roberts's, arms, Argent, three pheons, sable, on a chief of the second, a greybound current of the first; another for the Cartwrights, arms, Or, a fess embattled, between three catherine wheels, sable. In the north wall is a monument for one of the family of Leverick, with his effigies, in armour, lying cross-legged on it; and in the same wall, westward, is another like monument for Sir John Goshall, with his effigies on it, in like manner, and in a hollow underneath, the effigies of his wife, in her head-dress, and wimple under her chin. A gravestone, with an inscription, and figure of a woman with a remarkable high high-dress, the middle part like a horseshoe inverted, for Jane Keriell, daughter of Roger Clitherow. A stone for Benjamin Longley, LL. B. minister of Ash twenty-nine years, vicar of Eynsford and Tonge, obt. 1783. A monument for William Brett, esq. and Frances his wife. The north chancel, dedicated to St. Nicholas, belongs to the manor of Molland. Against the north wall is a tomb, having on it the effigies of a man and woman, lying at full length, the former in armour, and sword by his side, but his head bare, a collar of SS about his neck, both seemingly under the middle age, but neither arms nor inscription, but it was for one of the family of Harflete, alias Septvans; and there are monuments and several memorials and brasses likewise for that family. A memorial for Thomas Singleton, M. D. of Molland, obt. 1710. One for John Brooke, of Brookestreet, obt. 1582, s. p. arms, Per bend, two eagles.—Several memorials for the Pekes, of Hills-court, and for Masters, of Goldstone. A monument for Christopher Toldervy, of Chartham, obt. 1618. A memorial for Daniel Hole, who, as well as his ancestors, had lived upwards of one hundred years at Goshall, as occupiers of it. In the north cross, which was called the chapel of St. Thomas the Martyr, was buried the family of St. Nicholas. The brass plates of whom, with their arms, are still to be seen. A tablet for Whittingham Wood, gent. obt. 1656. In the south cross, a monument for Richard Hougham, gent. of Weddington, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Edward Sanders, gent. of Norborne. An elegant monument for Mary, wife of Henry Lowman, esq. of Dortnued, in Germany. She died in 1737, and he died in 1743. And for lieutenant colonel Christopher Ernest Kien, obt. 1744, and Jane his wife, their sole daughter and heir, obt. 1762, and for Evert George Cousemaker, esq. obt. 1763, all buried in a vault underneath, arms, Or, on a mount vert, a naked man, bolding a branch in his hand, proper, impaling per bend sinister, argent and gules, a knight armed on borjeback, holding a tilting spear erect, the point downwards, all counterchanged. On the font is inscribed, Robert Minchard, arms, A crescent, between the points of it a mullet. Several of the Harfletes lie buried in the church-yard, near the porch, but their tombs are gone. On each side of the porch are two compartments of stone work, which were once ornamented with brasses, most probably in remembrance of the Harfleets, buried near them. At the corner of the church-yard are two old tombs, supposed for the family of Alday.
In the windows of the church were formerly several coats of arms, and among others, of Septvans, alias Harflete, Notbeame, who married Constance, widow of John Septvans; Brooke, Ellis, Clitherow, Oldcastle, Keriell, and Hougham; and the figures of St. Nicholas, Keriell, and Hougham, kneeling, in their respective surcoats of arms, but there is not any painted glass left in any part of the church or chancels.
John Septvans, about king Henry VII.'s reign, founded a chantry, called the chantry of the upper Hall, as appears by the will of Katherine Martin, of Faversham, sometime his wife, in 1497. There was a chantry of our blessed Lady, and another of St. Stephen likewise, in it; both suppressed in the 1st year of king Edward VI. when the former of them was returned to be of the clear yearly certified value of 15l. 11s. 1½d. (fn. 13)
The church of Ash was antiently a chapel of east to that of Wingham, and was, on the foundation of the college there in 1286, separated from it, and made a distinct parish church of itself, and then given to the college, with the chapels likewise of Overland and Fleet, in this parish, appurtenant to this church; which becoming thus appropriated to the college, continued with it till the suppression of it in king Edward VI.'s reign, when this part of the rectory or parsonage appropriate, called Overland parsonage, with the advowson of the church, came, with the rest of the possessions of the college, into the hands of the crown, where the advowson of the vicarage, or perpetual curacy of it did not remain long, for in the year 1558, queen Mary granted it, among others, to the archbishop. But the above-mentioned part of the rectory, or parsonage appropriate of Ash, with those chapels, remained in the crown, till queen Elizabeth, in her 3d year, granted it in exchange to archbishop Parker, who was before possessed of that part called Goldston parsonage, parcel of the late dissolved priory of St. Gregory, by grant from king Henry VIII. so that now this parish is divided into two distinct parsonages, viz. of Overland and of Goldston, which are demised on separate beneficial leases by the archbishop, the former to the heirs of Parker, and the latter, called Gilton parsonage, from the house and barns of it being situated in that hamlet, to George Gipps, esq. M. P. for Canterbury. The patronage of the perpetual curacy remains parcel of the possessions of the see of Canterbury.
¶At the time this church was appropriated to the college of Wingham, a vicarage was endowed in it, which after the suppression of the college came to be esteemed as a perpetual curacy. It is not valued in the king's books. The antient stipend paid by the provost, &c. to the curate being 16l. 13s. 4d. was in 1660, augmented by archbishop Juxon with the addition of 33l. 6s. 8d. per annum; and it was afterwards further augmented by archbishop Sheldon, anno 28 Charles II. with twenty pounds per annum more, the whole to be paid by the several lessees of these parsonages. Which sum of seventy pounds is now the clear yearly certified value of it. In 1588 here were communicants five hundred; in 1640, eight hundred and fifty. So far as appears by the registers, the increase of births in this parish is almost double to what they were two hundred years ago.
Modèle / Model : Renault Master II
Affectation / Assignment : Fédération Française de Sauvetage et de Secourisme Sauveteurs de l'Oise (FFSS 60) / French Federation of Rescue and First Aid Rescuers of Oise
Ancienne affectation / Former assignment : Service d'Aide Médicale Urgente de l'Eure-et-Loir (SAMU 28), Structure Mobile d'Urgence et de Réanimation (SMUR) de Chartres / Emergency Medical Service of Eure-et-Loir, Mobile Emergency and Intensive Care Service of Chartres
Fonction / Function : Véhicule de Premiers Secours à Personnes (VPSP) / Vehicle of First Aids to People
Ancienne fonction / Former function : Unité Mobile Hospitalière (UMH), Ambulance de Réanimation (AR) / Hospitable Mobile Unit, Ambulance of Resuscitation
Ré-immatriculation / Re-registration : Avril 2017 / April 2017
Équipementier / Maker : GifaCollet
Or strange effect depending on your perspective. The humidity in here was crazy and all my images are soft due to fogging. Taken at the Old Edwards Inn in Highland North Carolina.
A desigualdade social e a pobreza são problemas sociais que afetam a maioria dos países na atualidade. A pobreza existe em todos os países, pobres ou ricos, mas a desigualdade social é um fenômeno que ocorre principalmente em países não desenvolvidos.
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Social inequality and poverty are social problems that affect most countries today. Poverty exists in all countries, rich or poor, but social inequality is a phenomenon that occurs mainly in undeveloped countries.
Even if one tree falls down it wouldn't affect the entire forest.
Chen Shui-bian
Nellie Vin ©Photography.
20x13 in
Gravity affects everything we do on Earth but we know surprisingly little about how it works and how it affects life. Until recently scientists had no way of experimenting without gravity to understand what life would be like without it.
Research in space or with facilities on Earth that recreate aspects of space bring knowledge, discoveries and improvements to our daily life and further our exploration of the Solar System.
ESA offers many platforms for conducting experiments across the whole spectrum of scientific disciplines. You can run an experiment in a sounding rocket, drop towers, centrifuges, Antarctica and even the International Space Station.
From the moment an experiment is let go at the top of a drop tower until it hits the padded ground beneath, the experiment is free of the influences of gravity. These short bouts of microgravity are open to scientists from all over the world and offer an economical alternative to spaceflight that can be used at any time of the year.
Proposals for experiments are always welcome and can be submitted via the research announcement page
Credits: ESA
9th February 2013: Animals make for the best of friends at least they are loyal. Sorry for not having been around, still under shock. We deal with life's blows with the weight of time. It's funny how guilt and shame affect even the innocent.
Affect
The painterly effect creates a tranquil feeling. An element of visual interest blooms from the smooth textures of the smudged areas contrasting the crisp details of the flowers and leaves in the foreground. It indicates the subtle perspective of the scene. The natural colour scheme enhances a feeling of serenity.
Irlanda - Parque Nacional de Killarney - Bosque
ENGLISH:
Killarney National Park (Irish: Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne), near the town of Killarney, County Kerry, was the first national park in Ireland, created when Muckross Estate was donated to the Irish Free State in 1932. The park has since been substantially expanded and encompasses over 102.89 km2 (25,425 acres) of diverse ecology, including the Lakes of Killarney, oak and yew woodlands of international importance, and mountain peaks. It has the only red deer herd on mainland Ireland and the most extensive covering of native forest remaining in Ireland. The park is of high ecological value because of the quality, diversity, and extensiveness of many of its habitats and the wide variety of species that they accommodate, some of which are rare. The park was designated a UNESCO Biosphere Reserve in 1981. The park forms part of a Special Area of Conservation.
Killarney possesses the most extensive area (approximately 120 square kilometres (30,000 acres)) of semi-natural native woodland (woodland dominated by indigenous species) remaining in Ireland. Most of this woodland is encompassed by the national park. There are three main types of woodland in the park: acidophilous oak woodland (Quercus petraea-Ilex aquifolium) on Devonian sandstone; moss-rich yew woodland (Taxus baccata) on Carboniferous limestone outcrops; and wet woodland (also called carr) dominated by alder on low-lying swampy limestone soils on the lake edges. The woods in the park fall naturally into two sectors, along the geologic divide. The oak and yew woodlands are of international importance.
Mixed woodland and conifer plantations also occur in the park. The mixed woodland on Ross Island has one of the richest herb layers in the park's woods.
Grazing and rhododendron invasion threaten the park's woodlands. Rhododendrons affect approximately two-thirds of the oak woodlands. A rhododendron removal programme is under way in the park. The yew woodlands have been negatively affected by heavy grazing for many years.
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ESPAÑOL:
Killarney National Park (en irlandés: Páirc Náisiúnta Chill Airne) está situado junto a la localidad de Killarney, Condado de Kerry (Irlanda). Fue el primer parque nacional establecido en Irlanda, creado cuando la casa Muckross fue donada al estado irlandés en 1932. El parque ha sido desde entonces expandido sustancialmente y engloba más de 102,89 km2 de ecología diversa, incluyendo los lagos de Killarney, bosques de roble y tejo de importancia internacional, y picos de montañas. Tiene manadas de ciervos rojos, las únicas que pueden encontrarse en Irlanda, y el más extenso bosque nativo restante en Irlanda. El parque tiene un alto valor ecológico por su calidad, diversidad, y su extensión de muchos de sus hábitats y la gran variedad de especie que contienen, alguna de las cuales son raras. El parque fue designado una Reserva Mundial de la Biosfera por la UNESCO en 1981. El parque es también conocido por su bello paisaje. El parque está dirigido por National Parks and Wildlife Service.
Charleroi, gare du Sud
Affectation originale, un dimanche de novembre, d'un chauffeur de réserve du dépôt de Jumet sur la ligne 19 du dépôt de Genson, le tout avec un nouveau Volvo 7900 S-Charge Hybride, qui sera destiné plus tard (normalement) au dépôt de Nalinnes.
© Corentin Rouyer / Transports Belgique
How Music Affects the Brain bebrainfit.com/music-brain/
The Chemistry of Music an the Brain prezi.com/k0jlkpkcqnkt/the-chemistry-of-music-and-the-brain/
Ways that Music Affects your Brain and Mood www.consciouslifestylemag.com/music-and-the-brain-affects...
Knowing Neurons knowingneurons.com/2017/07/12/music/
The Effect of Music on the Production of Neurotransmitters pdf. pdfs.semanticscholar.org/4bfe/35f957b10959f9c9fb063ba0453...
the-impact-of-music-on-neurochemistry www.audiocura.com/the-impact-of-music-on-neurochemistry/
Le château de Pomponne
L’histoire du lieu débute officiellement vers 1107 avec Hugues de Pomponne qui s’oppose au roi de France Louis le Gros. Ce sont les premiers documents historiques dont nous avons trace.
Ancien point de passage obligé sur la Marne, d’abord à gué puis franchissement par pont, l’agglomération de Pomponne se développe autour de ce lieu de passage et donne naissance à une seigneurie qui se traduit par l’implantation d’une vaste propriété avec en son centre un château appelé Château de Pomponne en 1176 mais il s’agit d’une forteresse.
En 1489 L’officier des armées Martin Courtin reçoit, de Louis XII, en récompense de ses services, la seigneurie de Pomponne alors rattachée à la couronne. 3 générations de Courtin se succèdent sans interruption et donnent une des plus grande puissance et expansion à la terre de Pomponne.
Marie Courtin porta la seigneurie à Nicolas de Haqueville par mariage les Haqueville conservant le titre de seigneur de Pomponne jusqu’en 1619.
Grace à cette famille, le domaine sera de nouveau considérablement agrandi vers 1530. Ils achètent une foule de petites propriétés avoisinant le château, en particulier celle de MENYON qui était enclavée dans le parc et s’étendait de l’église jusqu’à l’allée de Bordeaux. Son annexion amena la destruction de beaucoup d’habitations, diminua singulièrement la population du village auquel elle supprima le chemin le plus direct pour se rendre à Bordeaux, Forest ou Monjay.
Le dernier Hacqueville décède sans enfant et c’est sa demi sœur Catherine de la Borderie qui en hérite et l’apporte en dote à son époux Robert Arnauld d’Antilly en 1613.
Le château fut alors reconstruit en 1663 par Robert à la place qu’il occupe aujourd’hui, l’ancien étant plus proche de la mairie, à l’extrémité du parterre actuel. Des fossés sont creusés et des ponts-levis construits. Robert fait également tracer les allées et les avenues du petit parc et des jardins d’après les dessins de Le Notre.
Il ordonne ensuite la clôture du grand parc et obtient par traité avec les habitants de Pomponne le passage sur leur terre des tuyaux de la grand fontaine et du miroir qui captent toutes les sources des environs et desservent en eau les bassins aménagés par son ordre.
Il complète toutes ces transformations en faisant construire en 1670 contre l’église une maison pour le maître d’école.
Son fils Simond Arnauld (1618-1699), diplomate, ministre et secrétaire d'état aux affaires étrangères, bien en cour au début du règne de Louis XIV, fut disgracié en 1662 à la chute de Fouquet dont il était l’ami. On dit qu’il avait contre lui Colbert et Louvois. Revenu en grâce, il obtint d’ériger la seigneurie de Pomponne en marquisat en 1682, à la grande joie de son amie Mme de Rabutin-Chantal, Marquise de Sévigné, dont on sait qu'elle visita à plusieurs reprise M. de Pomponne en son château.
En 1676, il obtient la modification du chemin de Paris à Lagny qui a pour but d’enclaver l’ancienne route dans le domaine, de démolir les maisons longeant le parc et de l’affranchir de toute servitude désagréable.
En 1679 il bâtit une arcade qui partant du parc allait rejoindre la rue Maquereau pour suivre ensuite l’allée d’ormes plantées par lui le long de la marne. En 1681 construction d’une chapelle particulière à côté du château et en 1682 le marquis de Pomponne achète la terre de Bordeaux.
A sa mort, son fils Nicolas Arnauld lui succède et fait bâtir l’école de pomponne en 1729 et dès lors, très en avance sur son temps, l’école est gratuite à Pomponne pour les filles et les garçons.
En 1756 les jardins sont modifiés.
En 1759 les terres et le marquisat sont vendus au marquis de Brou puis l’ensemble est cédé à M. Huvelin de Baviller qui commença la restauration du château, mort subitement, la propriété fut de nouveau vendue à M. Le Bas de Courmont qui entame des travaux et rachète à peu près toutes les terres alors concédées lors des successions difficiles. En 1794 il est guillotiné.
En 1821, sa veuve vend la propriété à M. Louis Dreux qui, à la demande de son fils Edouard Dreux (1803-1878), qui souhaitait s’installer à Pomponne, la remet en état. Il élargit la rue vieille (actuelle rue Louis Dreux, la plus ancienne de Pomponne) en 1830; Restaure l’église et la rend au culte en 1835.
En 1852, il rachète les jardins, les potagers et dépendances de l’ancienne ferme située à droite de l’avenue du Mail qui étaient devenues propriétés particulières. Il détruit la maison de maître et les bâtiments de la ferme et fait planter le jardin anglais.
En reconstruisant les murs, balustres et parapets du château on a trouvé une grande quantité de médailles portant millésimes 1663 qui indiquent la date à peu près certaine du château actuel.
Les allemands occupent le château en 1870, le pillent et dégradent le mobilier.
En 1871 Edouard Dreux répare les dégats et fait exhumer 30 soldats prussiens. Un mausolé leur a été élevé dans le cimetière communal.
A sa mort, son gendre M. Albert Dumez réalise les parterres et le château d’eau qui sont la reproduction en plus grand des cascades de Saint-Cloud dont l’architecte Hottot Saint-Ange s’inspira.
Les eaux vives ruissellent par les trop pleins, des jets d’eau jaillissent à chaque niveau par des faces de monstres allégoriques. A l’époque l’ensemble est ouvert au public lors de certaines festivités et tous les 2e dimanche de septembre.
L’esplanade circulaire qui fermait le parc vers l’Est, au-delà du miroir et à laquelle on parvenait par deux rampes douces en forme de fer à cheval est transformée. Les jardins sont reconstitués à l’aide de documents anciens dans un pastiche de style classique. Le parc est le seul de son espèce dans toute l’Ile-de-France.
Pendant la guerre de 14-18 Mme Dreux veuve Dumez fonde une ambulance de 35 lits à ses frais, hébergeant surtout des grands blessés convalescents, qui fonctionnera jusqu’en 1919.
En 1918 le château servi de lieu de réunion au grand quartier général de la 2 bataille de la Marne. Clémenceau, Foch, Pétain et Gouraud, des généraux anglais et américains y ont élaboré les plans qui devaient conduite à la victoire finale. Une plaque commémorant ces réunions historiques fut enlevée par les allemands pendant l’occupation du château de 1940 à 1944.
Au décès de Mme Dumez, en 1942, la propriété est vendue. Le nouveau propriétaire M. Doriol, un industriel, exploite le bois du parc tandis que le château et les jardins, acheté par l’état en 1945 sont affectés au ministère de l’intérieur qui abrite la caserne de la compagnie républicaine (CRS4).
Le 5 juillet 1943 l’ensemble du château et des jardins est inscrit à l’inventaire supplémentaire des monuments historiques.
Aujourd’hui, l’alimentation en eau des bassins est à reprendre, ainsi que les conduites et pompes élévatrices.
Le Bassin des enfants est à recréer, le bassin octogonal est à réhabiliter. Les jardins à arbres à replanter.
Age shouldn't affect you. It's just like the size of your shoes - they don't determine how you live your life! You're either marvellous or you're boring, regardless of your age. - Steven Morrissey
I love wearing sneakers as my footware of choice. I'd rather walk around freely wearing them, going about tough terrain or odd angular hills and not have to worry about my feet or back hurting in heels. I am an avid walker so a good pair of sneakers that are fit to your stylish needs and life-style are a must-have. I am such an odd girl sometimes...I wonder if I will grow out of this phase and become a girly-girl one day. I've been pressured from many ends such as family and friends. It doesn't seem becoming of me. I like wearing what reflects my personality and taste and my taste resides on another side of the spectrum it seems. I am more attracted to styles from the past, realism and odd eccentricities. Just because I don't dress in a posh manner doesn't mean I'm not a girl. And on special occasions I do indulge on my feminine side a bit more. It's all a balance. I find that sort of posh style a wall to one's personality and comfort, but I can understand that it is an actual reflection of some people's personality.
Likewise, I don't think I'll grow out of it too soon, this has been a lifetime in the making. It doesn't matter how old I am much like it doesn't matter what my shoe age is. I think I'll forever be a hippy.
Affectation insolite d'une Citadis 2 sur la ligne B, vu ici à Montagne Verte en direction d'Hoenheim.
First attempt at using ND filters and long exposures, I would have preferred the tide to be fuller than it was to get more of a blurred sea affect, but quite happy with the result in the end.
Flickr Explore Sunday 11th January 2009 #226
Another experimental shot.
Using Fractalius and my (very) limited Photoshop skills, I wanted to do something with this shot where I could run the picture through Fractalius but not affect the swans as I wanted to keep their original detail.
Therefore, each of the swans were removed from the original layer and dropped into their own and then the conversion in Fractalius done on the remaining layer detail, after that the swans were added back.
It could be improved drastically if I knew what I was doing more lol....I hope some of you like it...it looks better large.
1st legended . . to cousine Lorraine
"Chaque bouleau est une image, chaque image est un boulot !"
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Outlining a Theory of General Creativity .. on a 'Pataphysical way
Entropy ≥ Memory . Creativity ²
Entropy ≥ Mimesis . Catharsis ²
Study of the day:
Qui dessina le rhizome le premier, l'écorce ou la sève ?
Qui créa l'être le premier, l'affect ou le percept, l'ego ou l'altérité ?
Who drew the rhizome first, the bark or the sap ?
who created the being first, the affect or the percept, the ego or the otherness ?
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"On ne voit que ce qu'on regarde . . "
"One sees only what one looks at . . "
( Maurice Merleau-Ponty - 1964 - L'Oeil et l'Esprit )
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my bigHuge Flickr DNA . . neither for forensic analysis nor any positive discrimination !
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[ F11 ] . . my complete random recto-perso collection . . [ F11 ]
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NOV. 6, 2020
It’s Now Up to Joe Biden to Save the MTA From Disaster
By Jeff Andrews
Everyone’s eyes remain stapled to Twitter and cable news waiting for the actual call from the big networks, but it’s getting harder by the minute to deny that Joe Biden will become the 46th President of the United States. To say this is welcome news is an understatement—and it is especially so for the Metropolitan Transit Authority, which has been hemorrhaging money since March when the pandemic caused ridership to plummet. Its hopes of a desperately needed federal bailout for the MTA now shift to an increasingly unlikely scenario: Democrats winning the Senate, which would require winning two Georgia run-off elections in January.
The MTA is facing a $16.2 billion deficit through 2024, and has requested $12 billion in federal aid. Without that cash, the agency says it will resort to reduced service, increase fares, and put an indefinite hold on projects such as the Pennsylvania Station rehab and extending the Second Avenue line into Harlem. Losses related to COVID drained away nearly half of the MTA’s total 2020 budget, according to a June report, and with the end of the pandemic nowhere in sight, the crisis gets worse every day that empty train cars continue to roll beneath the city. The MTA needs saving, but now who will be its savior?
The agency did receive $4 billion in aid from the CARES Act stimulus package passed in March, which reduced this year’s losses from 45.3 percent to 21.9. Much more could come from the $32 billion in transit aid included in the $3 trillion followup stimulus package that passed the House in May (with another round of stimulus checks and enhanced unemployment benefits added in September). But Republican Senators refused to take up the bill and punted the issue to after the election, despite efforts by Treasury Secretary Steve Mnuchin to broker a deal with House Speaker Nancy Pelosi directly.
Without a Democratic majority to pass a stimulus or even Trump signing a second bill following a narrow election victory, divided government is likely not a great outcome for the MTA. Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell signaled this week that he’d like to get a stimulus passed before the end of the year, during the lame duck when he’ll have whatever extra leverage comes from Trump still being in office. But he also said Friday that he thinks it should be “tiny in scope.” Even the $1.6 trillion stimulus Mnuchin proposed as a counter to the HEROES Act did not contain aid for transit (and House Democrats did not take him up on that offer).
While we wait to see how the new government shakes out, the situation is getting worse. Subway ridership is still down 60 to 70 percent each week relative to 2019, and half of the MTA’s revenue comes from subway fares, tolls, and other rider fees. But that’s not the only source of cash that’s taken a hit: Taxes dedicated to MTA funding are down too, including a tax on mortgage originations, which fell off when the housing market was put on pause in the spring. The MTA receives subsidies from the city and the state, but it’s not nearly enough to fill the hole—and the state is similarly short of cash this year as well. Without a solution, the MTA warns that cuts to services could affect riders for the next decade, and given the subway is the economic engine of New York City, the fallout could be much broader than having to wait 5 extra minutes for your train to arrive.
Almost two weeks ago it was announced that The Walt Disney Company CIS closes the Moscow office of its film division, with most employees already fired and the others will work until the complete halt of the company's activities in Russia. It won't affect the other CIS countries - their communication with Disney already goes directly through the American office. The local domain of the official Disney website redirects to disney.com, local accounts in social networks (YouTube including) were suspended. The Disney Channel Russia keeps broadcasting, but not for long - it will be shut down eventually (it seems on 30th November, at least Wikipedia page thinks so without any link sources). The Disney no longer sells or renews the license for intellectual property to Russia since spring, which means that local streaming services most likely will had to delete films from their libraries after their license expire.
When I was a kid I used to wake up at 6 a.m. to watch Mickey Mouse and other Disney cartoons on Channel One, ten years before The Disney Channel was introduced. My favorite one was "Timon and Pumbaa", I was a big fan because of my "Lion King" DVD. I still have a lot of DVDs with my favorite Disney and Pixar films.
I used to watch The Disney Channel in high school a lot, I watched "Doctor Who" for the first time there, I rewatched "Xena the Warrior Princess", "Dinotopia" and other legendary series from my childhood there. I finally watched almost all classic Disney animation feature films there, including those princesses I hated during my childhood (let's be honest - I still think most of the princess' stories prior to late 90s were crap), and almost all of Hayao Miyazaki films. I really enjoyed some of the original Disney Channel productions like "Descendants", no matter how wierd they were ("Austin and Ally", "Jessie", "Wizards of Waverly Place"). I remember Zendaya long before she became the Hollywood star and Marvel's M.J., because she was a star in another wierd TV series. When I stopped to watch the TV entirely a few years ago, my only regret was that I'm not able to watch The Disney Channel anymore...
The later Disney Channel productions like "Tangled the Series" I watched on the local streaming service with the original English voices, not the translated version. The modern feature films distributed by The Walt Disney Company CIS I always watched in cinemas prior to pandemic, and on streaming after. I really waited for Disney+ to start streaming in Russia, because of the exclusive content, which was never available in cinemas and other streamings.
If someone would tell the little me than I will see Mickey leave forever, I would not believe. :( I totally understand the decision, it's just hard to watch how something that has supported me for so long, will gone forever... Also I feel very sorry for their employees, just imagine - they were working in a dream company, it seemes so secure and stable, and now they had to go...
Farewell, Mickey, you and your friends always were a good friends to me...
Well, that's my story for today. I hope everyone recognized Luxo Jr., the lamp from Pixar production logo. :)
© all rights reserved
Please take your time... and enjoy it large on black
I have travelled all my life but never before have I been in a country where the principal characteristic of the people seems to be their smile. A naturally sweet nature seems to have survived centuries of fighting and turbulent change, while the results of the intense barrage of bombs and Agent Orange dropped on Laos during the Vietnam war still affects, in some way, almost every family in the country. To Westerners, with our grumbles and grouses about the slightest inconveniences to our lives, it is a revelation. Laos is blessed with some of Asia’s nicest rivers, and many of them are mellow. Children spent the day at school, and by the afternoon they were doing the chores required of them…building a fire for the kitchen, sweeping the leaves into a pile, or caring for the young siblings strapped to their back …young boys and girls from the age of seven or eight attentive to the baby’s every need. Amongst this was the laughter of children playing in the river. But sometimes they skip their days at school, going fishing. The vast majority of people are engaged in agriculture, especially subsistence rice farming on small family plots. Children help with farm chores from an early age, and most are engaged full-time in farming after leaving primary school. Children rarely have toys but enjoy catching fish, frogs, and insects to supplement the family diet. Boys are skillful with slingshots and blowguns in hunting small birds. Young girls help with child care and often carry a younger sibling astride a hip while they play with their friends. Kids have a great time running on the rampart, swimming in the Mekong river, taking boat rides along the river and playing. Despite Laos poverty and isolation, its people were some of the kindest and most outgoing we've ever met. Its delightful old world charm has not been despoiled by the slow but steady pace of modernization. Lao seems a bit like heaven, the laughter is often & sincere, the rivers are cool and clean and not a speck of modern civilization in sight. In my perspective it is some of the best Laos can offer. Until recently Laos was an Asian backwater. When it opened its doors again to foreign visitors in the Nineties there were few modern amenities and no tourist infrastructure. Now this sleepy, rural land is waking up to tourism.
Photo of a boy taken on a little island near the border between Laos and Cambodia. The little island is located in the Mekong river. While his father is ploughing in the rice fields and his mother is preparing food for him and his brothers and sisters. His mesmerizing eyes got my attention. A great place to explore some of the lesser-known areas of the southern region of Laos. A place to meet the friendly Lao people despite their poverty and isolation. School is important for ethnic minority kids, they should attend and complete primary education in order to overcome rural/urban, ethnic in the area of literacy and education. But it isn't that easy. The reason to skip school are the family economic considerations, involvement in family maintenance and subsistence tasks, the lack of perceived benefits from education. While poverty and lack of access are issues. In addition to these, ethnic minority kids have to face further barriers to education, including the distance from school facilities, their extreme poverty, and additional cultural barriers and the lack of fluency in the national language, Lao. The ethnic kids speak their own language. About 32% of all Laotians are related to Ethnic groups. Totally 160 ethnic groups and speak 82 distinct living languages.
Si Phan Don, ook bekend als 4 duizend eilanden is gelegen in het zuiden van Laos. Hier is de Mekong op sommige gebieden wel 14 km breed. Don Det eiland is een oase van rust want gemotoriseerd verkeer is er nog vrijwel onbekend. Je kunt hier heerlijk wandelen langs tempeltjes, rijstvelden, lotusvijvers en kleine dorpjes. Don Det is wel een beetje een backpackers paradijs met goedkope bamboehutjes, pancakes en Frans stokbrood. Samengevat: peace & happiness. Voor de gemiddelde toerist is er erg weinig te doen, maar voor mij is de omgeving schitterend en heel rustgevend. De omgeving nodigt uit tot het maken van flinke wandelingen, maar je kunt het eiland ook prima per fiets verkennen. We hebben dan ook maar een fiets gehuurd en een rondje gemaakt. Werkelijk prachtig en heerlijk om door onbedorven dorpjes en de prachtige groene rijstvelden te rijden waar iedereen ons zwaaiend met Sabaidee begroette. Een land naast Thailand van de glimlach. De glimlachjes die ik hier overal krijg toegeworpen zijn oprecht. Ik voel me jarig, alsof ik de hele dag kadootjes krijg. Naast vriendelijk is Laos ook nog eens mooi. Als er een Authentiek Azië; bestaat, moet het Laos zijn. En als je ook maar enigszins je best doet om contact te krijgen met de bevolking zal je worden uitgenodigd om binnen te kijken en wat te eten en drinken. We hebben verder naar veel kinderen gezwaaid, veel glimlachjes teruggegeven. Zeker voor de avontuurlijke reiziger herbergt dit land een grote hoeveelheid aan onontdekte natuurschatten, vriendelijke mensen en een gevoel dat veel nog puur is.
There was a nice shadow affect at sunset, and I simply put my camera on manual, changed the ISO and hiked up some custom settings on there, and wah la.
(Taris system, moments after the events of Chapter 8)
Outside of the Separatist base, Throte, Egile and the last of the Clone Troopers keep up their attacks against the Sith General, Gualo Rotinth. However, their attacks are having no affect against him as he easily deflects their blaster shots back towards them. Already a few have died from his defense and Gualo was making sure to torture the rest of the Republic forces before slaying them all.
In a matter of speaking, Gualo himself was enjoying the intense fight.
So focused on the Republic soldiers, he almost didn't see Kydan and Calena quickly charging at him from each side. They both figured that if the rest of the Republic soldiers could keep Gualo in place for just a few more moments, they could end this battle once and for all.
However, Gualo figured out their plan quickly as he swiftly deactivates his saber and spins to dodge a couple blaster shots. Just passing him, he uses the Force to create a massive pulse, causing everyone to be sent flying backwards. Reactivating his lightsaber, Gualo takes a defensive stance as Kydan and Calena, who had endured the Force Pulse, quickly approach him.
But, to Gualo's surprise, Kydan comes to a complete stop, confused as to what he was doing. Curiously and cautiously, he turns his head around to Calena, only to be met with her blade coming for him. With only a short time to react, he blocks her attack, his saber only inches away from his face.
At the same time, Kydan comes from the other side, his vibroblade raised in the air as he prepares to strike Gualo down. Gualo just smirked at them, realizing what they were trying to accomplish.
Gualo- "Heh, this again?"
Like before, Gualo breaks the blade lock and jumping over Kydan backwards, avoiding his attempted attack.
Gualo- "Using the same moves won't save you, Republic scum!"
As he just lands on his feet, he was suddenly hit by Kydan's Force Push, powerful enough to send him flying backwards, skidding across the platform towards the building
Kydan- "That was never my intention, Gualo..."
Gualo stared wide eyed at Kydan. Did he just use a Force Push on him? The only ones that could possibly use those moves were...
Gualo- "Your...your no mercenary. Your a Jedi!"
Finally getting up to their feet, Throte, Egile and the Clone Troopers were able to hear what Gualo had just said. Underneath Throte's helmet, his expression was in complete shock. Many could even say and tell that he had tons of thoughts crossing through his mind just by the frozen stance he was in.
Egile- *Thoughts* 'Kedone...is a Jedi?'
Kydan narrowed his eyes at Gualo. So much for keeping that part a secret he thought to himself. Truthfully, he was going to tell them all that he was a Jedi after the battle was over, but the situation they were in now...it was too soon. This wasn't how he wanted it to turn out.
Kydan- "...Yes, I am."
After a few moments of silence, Gualo finally spoke up, giving off a devious grin, and then laughing menacingly.
Gualo- "Hahaha! This is just perfect! Another Jedi to kill today! I can definitely say that I will have the unspeakable pleasure of killing two Jedi with one blade! Like your master, you shall fall along with him!"
Kydan- "As long as I live Gualo, you won't be getting that chance again."
Kydan glances towards Calena who was already taking her position.
Kydan- "Ready?"
Calena- *Nods* "Yeah..."
Quickly, Kydan and Calena once again charge directly at Gualo, who was also charging at them as well, with their blades were ready to strike down the other. All at once, their blades collided with each other, locking themselves in.
Gualo- "Hmph...you both seem to have tremendous strength...but that alone will not be enough to defeat me!"
Gualo forcefully breaks the blade lock and uses the Force to create lightning, electrifying both Kydan and Calena. The Force Lightning was so strong that it was able to send them both flying backwards across the platform, causing an after shock through them after they crashed.
Slowly, Gualo approaches them both. He turns his attention towards Kydan as he readies his saber for the final kill.
Gualo- "This ends for you both...Jedi."
But before Gualo could even make a move against Kydan, out of nowhere, Egile tackles Gualo back, just about knocking him off his feet.
Egile- You'll have to go through us to get to them, you monster!
Quickly, as Egile and the soldiers took chase after Gualo, one of the Clone Sergeants and a clone rushes towards the both of them to check their conditions.
772nd Clone Sergeant- "You two okay?"
Kydan- "Yeah, were fine..."
772nd Clone- "Here, let me help you up ma'am."
Calena- "Thanks..."
772nd Clone Sergeant- "We'll draw his attention away for now. Meanwhile, you two get ready to finish him. We'll hold him off until then."
With that, the Clone Sergeant and the other Republic soldiers rush towards Gualo as they keep his attention on them only while Kydan and Calena take a moment to recover.
Approaching him slowly, Calena walks beside him, waiting for him to give them the orders on what to do at this point.
Kydan- "Calena? Do you think you can keep his attention away from me for five seconds?"
Calena stared at him puzzled. She absolutely had no idea what he was now thinking, but she knew that it had to be a last resort plan of some kind. Going with whatever he was planning, she nods.
Calena- "Yeah...I can. But what are you gonna do?
Kydan- "...Something that I won't be proud of doing."
Not wanting to press the matter any further, she nods once more and then rushes towards the others. For a brief moment, he watches the battle from the other side. What he was going to do was one of the many things that he wished he didn't have to do. It's what made him such an outcast to everyone, even to the Jedi Order.
Appearing next to him was Dark, giving him a cautious and serious look in his eyes.
Dark- "Are you sure you wanna do this?"
Kydan- "..."
Dark- "I mean, you know what happened last time...and that alone caused us and everyone else a lot of pain and fear. Even the Order had wanted it banned and forbidden."
Kydan- "I'm not confident about this either, but...it's our last chance. We have to win this battle. I promised Master Turin that I would save them all...and I attend to keep that oath. I can't just watch them all die because of me."
Dark gave him a blank expression. He knew that when Kydan was this serious, it meant that he wasn't going to go back on it. No matter what, Dark was always supportive about these things, and has never doubted his friend's abilities. And he wasn't about to judge him on that now.
Dark- "...Alright then. I'm right beside you."
Rolling up his right sleeve, he takes a deep breath as he focus all his energy into his arm using the Force and another mysterious ability. In a matter of seconds, his arm began to shade into a black color, producing blue and black streams of electricity from his shoulder down to the ends of his finger tips. His arm appeared to have been changed into some type of ancient armor.
Kydan's breaths started getting heavier. He has, in his life, hardly ever used this ability this much. The last time he did something like this...was when his father was still alive, which was nearly eleven years ago.
Kydan- *Groans in pain* "This...have better 'gynero'...bloody work..."
_________________________
Fourth Wall: ('Gynero', meaning hopeful)
_________________________
Dark- "Just don't over exert yourself this time..."
Groaning, he looks towards Dark and smirks.
Kydan- "I plan not to bud..."
Reaching into his robes, he pulls out his own lightsaber, producing a purple blade from the hilt. Grasping the saber in his left hand tightly, he swiftly charges towards the others with tremendous speed, shades of darkness trailing behind him. His only hope was that this ability will end Gualo once and for all. Otherwise...there would be dire consequences.
At the very same time, Calena continues to hold out against Gualo on her own. Egile, Throte and the others were all knocked out one by one injured, leaving herself and Gualo to fight each other. But fighting Gualo on her own was becoming too much for a single person to do.
Using his last ounce of strength left, Gualo creates one last massive Force Pulse, sending Calena flying backwards, causing her to crash hard on the platform.
Chuckling, Gualo approaches Calena who was trying to get back up, but to no prevail. She was too injured and exhausted to stand at the moment.
Gualo- "Hehehe. This is where your lives come to an end, Republic scum..."
Slowly, Gualo raises his saber at Calena, aiming for her neck to decapitate her. He could sense her fears building...and it felt wonderful to him. The pure fear and hesitance in another life form felt ecstatic.
Gualo- "Farewell, Siruhnian..."
Before his saber could pierce into her neck, out of nowhere, Kydan blocks his attempted assassination, utterly saving Calena's life. This caused Gualo to go into a state of shock and wide eye. Where in the world did he come from?
Gualo- "How did you--?!"
But before Gualo could even finish his own sentence, Kydan used his unknown abilities to send him flying backwards with the sound of a loud thud and groan.
Kydan- "HAAAAA!!!"
Crying out in a loud voice, Kydan swiftly reaches Gualo in nothing but a black fog as he pierces him with a black, electrical blue thrust in the stomach. Gualo suddenly coughed up a bit of blood from his mouth. His breathing was slowly fading, as well as his own life.
Without hesitation, Kydan yaks his arm out of him as Gualo drops to the ground on his knees, his expression filled with shock of the major outcome. His last thought was; how he was beaten so quickly from a low life Jedi Padawan as the boy?
Gualo- "...I...I lost...?"
With his dying words, Gualo slumps to the ground dead, with his surprised expression still left on his face along with his half opened eyelids. The battle was now finally over.
Kydan takes in a sharp deep breath, losing his concentration on his abilities. Slowly, his arm begins to turn back to his normal skin color, the black and blue colors fading away into nothing but a mist.
Not realizing it, Kydan suddenly dropped to his knees, staring directly at Gualo's lifeless, dead body.
Kydan- "I...I did...? Did we win?"
To answer his own question, he suddenly heard a cry of cheering and joy from behind. Turning his head, he saw Calena, Egile and all the soldiers celebrating him.
Egile- "Kydan! You did it! You took down the Sith!"
Calena- "Great work Kydan!"
All at once, he felt happy yet confused as to why he was being cheered.
Kydan- "N-no! Really, I-I didn't really do--"
Clone Trooper 1- "Tremendous work!"
Clone Trooper 2- "You did it sir!"
Clone Trooper 3- "We've recaptured Taris!"
For some reason, Kydan felt hit heart rejoice somehow. He had never had anyone cheer or celebrate him on anything in his life. He figured that this is what it meant to have lots of friends who aren't afraid of you. He could feel himself blushing and flustered from them. He felt...happy for once.
Kydan- "W-well I-"
Throte- WHY?!
Suddenly, everyone stops cheering as they turn their attention to Throte who had walked up to them all with his two troopers trailing behind.
Throte- "Why did you let Higer die!?"
Kydan felt confused. He didn't know what Throte meant by the clone's words.
Kydan- "...Let him die?"
Snapping his head at Kydan, he glares directly at him with anger in his eyes and expression.
Throte- "Of course! We all saw it at the beginning! You knew Gualo's skill techniques that he was using against us! If you would have told us about Gualo's skills back on the Acclamator, he wouldn't have died! What else is shocking is that your a Jedi! You had the power to save him...but yet, you just stood there and let him die in front of us all!"
The soldiers that were listening started to whisper and nodded at Throte's comments. It seemed that he had a lot of points to consider. The only two people that didn't respond to his comments were Calena and Egile.
772nd Clone Sergeant- "Of course he's a Jedi! That's how he knew the Sith's skills in the battle! That's how he was able to beat him so easily! He knew all about it and never attended to tell us at all! There are other Jedi among us, isn't there!? If so, the come fourth and speak up!"
Glancing around, the soldiers try to pinpoint anyone that were a Jedi amongst them all. Calena and Egile were starting to feel a bit concerned at the moment.
At this, Kydan started to worry and be afraid. All of them knowing that he was a Jedi working undercover and hiding among them was bad. Calena and Egile were the only two people that knew that he was a Jedi and had no problem with it. Yet, it was the others that they were all concerned about.
He shut his eyes tightly without anyone seeing, trying to come up with a solution to this problem. Or even hoping that this would all go away. But, sadly, he couldn't think of anything. There was nothing else he could do.
Then, unexpectedly, a vision with him and Master Turin appears in his mind, replaying the last event that had taken place.
Turin- "Kydan...promise...promise me this...that you will protect them...everyone...in this war...as many...as you can...no matter the cause..."
Gaining slightly a bit of confidence, Kydan knew what he had to do. He had to believe what he thought was the right course of action, what was best for him, the Republic and the Jedi Order. Staring at Gualo's dead corpse, he grabs the cloak and armor off him.
Then, for some apparent and sudden reason, Kydan started to laugh. And not like your typical normal laugh.
Kydan's laughter began to become even louder and louder, causing everyone to stare at him, confused as to why he was now suddenly laughing like a maniac. They thought he had suddenly just lost it.
Kydan- "HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA! A Jedi?"
He starts to stand up, grasping Gualo's cloak and armor in his hands. His eyes seemed to falter among them, now not visible.
Kydan-" I wish you wouldn't compare me to those insignificant fools. They are all pathetic...and weak."
Throte- "What?"
Slowly, he starts to walk up to Throte and the others, still not showing his eyes to any one of them.
Kydan- Those thousands of Clone Troopers that died were all but cadets, not even worthy yet of the title of soldier. Heck, they didn't even know how to hold their blasters correctly. Not to mention, their aiming when shooting was totally inaccurate. But you. All of you. You are all better than they ever would and could be, even greater than you could even imagine yourselves.
Throte and the other soldier's expression's changed to a pure surprise. They were a bit shocked at what Kydan was just speaking.
Kydan- "But me...I am not like them. I have surpassed all of the Jedi. I have faced more difficult challenges and trials in my entire life then them, and I can assure you, Gualo was the weakest among the many others that I've met and fought. The Jedi ccan only dream of what I have gone through in my years. The reason I knew about his techniques is due to many reasons."
Kydan stops and stands in front of Throte and a few other soldiers, with Calena and Egile on the left side of him. Picking up his head, his eyes were now clear as day. However, they had suddenly changed. They weren't the gentle, kind brown chocolate colored eyes he had just recently. No. They were now the color of a red, piercing rose bud, staring at them all with black pupil eyes. Just the sight of his eyes caused a bit of tension and fear around them.
Kydan- "I know many things that even the Jedi and Sith would say to be...unnatural. I know more than the information brokers and the crime lords across the galaxy could ever learn. I am something that the Force can't even comprehend alone."
Throte- "...Wh-what? That's...that's far worse than any Jedi or Sith! Y-your a beast! A vicious monster!"
At the same time, everyone, except for Calena and Egile who were just glancing around themselves, started to call out different names at Kydan. They called him "freak", "monster", "demon", "rogue", and so many more. Yet, there was one interesting name that caught his attention among them. And it sounded perfect.
Clone Trooper- Your a freak! A dark, fiendish, mercenary freak!
Kydan- "Hmm...the Dark Mercenary...I like the sound of that. Yes, I am Kydan Witress, the Dark Mercenary. I have been trained to acknowledge both the light and dark side of the Force. I do prefer more of the darker techniques, if you asked me."
Glancing down, Kydan stared at the cloak and clothing that he had taken from Gualo's corpse.
Kydan- "So for now on, don't get me mixed up with those Jedi whelps or Sith-spits."
Quickly, he throws the black cloak over him, covering himself up with Sith robes, followed by a hood, now covering his eyes. Throwing Throte and the others a devious grin, he turns around and starts walking towards the landing platform, where he waited for his ship to pick him up. Throte and the others watched him walk away, not trying to take a chance to catch him. His own words were enough to frighten them all already.
As Kydan approaches the platform, where his ship, the Black Shadow had now just landed, he prepares to enter his ship. But before he could even step onto the ship, Calena runs up to him.
Calena- Kydan!
Kydan just stood there, waiting for her to speak. He figured there was no sense of talking at the moment, not with all what just happened back there. He didn't even turn around to face her.
Calena- "Why? Why did you say all that?"
Biting his lip, he knew that he needed to lie.
Kydan- "Because...it's the best thing to do."
Calena- "Kydan..."
Kydan- "...Here's some advise for you."
He finally looks over his shoulder as he begins to speak.
Kydan- "The Force is very strong within you. History states that the Irune clan bloodline were told to hold a strong connection to the Force as it was passed down for many generations in your family. I can assure you that you will become a great Jedi, once you have reached to Knighthood. Remember these words well; whenever someone asks you to join them, or even asks for their help: No matter what you do...lend out your hand and do whatever you can for them. Never turn your back away from those people. Even under the worst of circumstances imaginable."
Calena- "......"
Kydan- *Smirks* "Like all you Jedi say; May the Force be with you...always."
With that, without another word, Kydan walks up the ramp and enters his fighter. The ramp then closes up as the ship begins to hover above the platform, flying towards the atmosphere and into the far reaches of space...
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So I'll try to keep this nice and short; This. Was. A. Looong chapter to write! We had spent perhaps nearly two to three days when we wrote all of this! I'm just glad that we finally completed it at last.
As for this build, I actually thought that it was a bit interesting. We kinda wanted to take the image from KOTOR 1's Taris with its platforms and what not, and this is what we would imagine the platforms would look like these days. But like I said before, I'll let you guys decide if it looks good or not. If you want to see more pics of the chapters, again, go on over to MOC-pages and check them out for yourself!
Anyways, thank you all for your wonderful comments, faves and support so far and please continue to give us some feedback on how the story is going and what we could approve on even. Again, thank you all and, as always, have a fan-tucking-tastic day/night! See ya' in the next one.
- Director K.W.
Following the road to grasp
something, a thing, anything,
brings me to the technique
of comparing.
As soon as I compare
it with the environment,
I can allocate it, so that
this thing, something, anything,
fits into my world which I build up,
my picture, construct,
my idea of life
in which I live,
which I must live within.
So everyone creates
their own puzzle,
whilst strolling
along the alley of time,
and the pieces
one gets to see,
do influence the big picture.
But how to get a nice, friendly
and warm idea of this world?
How to get an episteme,
in which even contentment feels
welcome and starts to settle down?
Let me whisper now:
“The angle it is, which does the trick.”
Not “what”, but “how” you see,
can make the difference.
So now please choose the title of this picture:
“Woman walking in a wood.” or
“Passing two old watchmen
on the wayfare of life.”
Anxiety affects numerous people these days. The fact that there is only one sunrise and sunset a day and each one that is missed is lost in time forever is reason enough to cause it.
For who would want to miss such a view early in the morning ?
And who would be fine with the fact that he missed such a thing when he realises it.
Along the ragged coastline on the southern part of Malta lies a small window which I believe will not last very long. Fissures seeming out of every crevice every passing winter is a season closer to its end. One thing is for sure. Arches will long outlive us.
Located at the base of Petrin Hill on Ujezd Street in Mala Strana is this disturbing series of statues dedicated to the victims of the Communist era between 1948-1989. A original total of seven (two were damaged due to a bomb in 2003) male statues appear to be disintegrating and decaying before our very eyes, the first man whole, the next man missing a limb, ripped open, to the last man who has become virtually nothing. It is to symbolize how political prisoners under Communism were affected, and as a Memorial it is very affective. During the evening, the memorial is lit up providing an even more eerie look. The memorial was unveiled on May 22, 2002, and is the work of Olbram Zoubek, a famous Czech sculptor and architects Jan Kerel and Zdenek Holzel. Notice the bronze strip in the center of the stairs where the statues are located. It tells the estimated number of people impacted by the Communist regime.