View allAll Photos Tagged Adamantine
South Fork Snoqualmie River, Mount-Baker Snoqualmie National Forest, Washington
The turbulent force of water crashes into adamantine rock; succumbing to the inexorable power of nature, each indelibly carves a piece out of the other. Sunlight sparkles in a song only they can hear, and forever changed, now inextricably a part of each other, the dance flows on…
Crocoite
4x3 inch
Adelaide Mine, Dundas, Dundas District, Tasmania
Australia
Crocoite is a mineral consisting of lead chromate, PbCrO4, and crystallizing in the monoclinic crystal system. It is identical in composition with the artificial product chrome yellow used as a paint pigment.
Crocoite is commonly found as large, well-developed prismatic adamantine crystals, although in many cases are poorly terminated. Crystals are of a bright hyacinth-red color, translucent, and have an adamantine to vitreous luster. On exposure to UV light some of the translucency and brilliancy is lost. The streak is orange-yellow; Mohs hardness is 2.5–3; and the specific gravity is 6.0.
In their fearsome corner, the players rule the slow pieces.
The board delays them until dawn
in its severe field in which two colors hate each other.
Inside radiate magical rigor forms:
Homeric tower, light horse,
armed queen, last king,
oblique bishop and aggressor pawns.
When the players are gone
when time has consumed them,
certainly the rite will not have ceased.
In India, perhaps, this war was ignited
whose amphitheater is today the whole earth.
like the other, this game is infinite.
Dim King, bishop bias,
fierce Queen, direct rook and cunning pawn
on the black and white of the road
seek and wage their armed battle.
They don't know that the pointed hand
of the player governs his fate,
they do not know that an Adamantine rigor
hold his will and his journey.
Also the player is a prisoner
(the sentence belongs to Omar) from another board
of black nights and white days.
God moves the player, and the player the piece.
What god behind god the plot begins
of dust and time and sleep and agonies?
by Jorge Luis Borges
~ Perpetuity ~ www.flickr.com/groups/perpetuity/, Envylicious (29, 75, 35) - Adulto
"...All is now secure and fast;
Not the gods can shake the Past;
Flies-to the adamantine door
Bolted down forevermore.
None can re-enter there,—
No thief so politic,
No Satan with a royal trick
Steal in by window, chink, or hole,
To bind or unbind, add what lacked,
Insert a leaf, or forge a name,
New-face or finish what is packed,
Alter or mend eternal Fact."
`from The Past by Ralph Waldo Emerson
La Porte du Chaos : Tartarus
A day of storm / Un jour de tempête
Color version
In Roman mythology, Tartarus is the place where sinners are sent. Virgil describes it in the Aeneid as a gigantic place, surrounded by the flaming river Phlegethon and triple walls to prevent sinners from escaping from it. It is guarded by a hydra with fifty black gaping jaws, which sits at a screeching gate protected by columns of solid adamantine, a substance akin to diamond – so hard that nothing will cut through it. Inside, there is a castle with wide walls, and a tall iron turret. Tisiphone, one of the Erinyes who represents revenge, stands guard sleepless at the top of this turret lashing a whip. There is a pit inside which is said to extend down into the earth twice as far as the distance from the lands of the living to Olympus. At the bottom of this pit lie the Titans, the twin sons of Aloeus, and many other sinners. Still more sinners are contained inside Tartarus, with punishments similar to those of Greek myth.
Dans la mythologie romaine, le Tartare est l'endroit où les pécheurs sont envoyés. Virgile le décrit dans l' Enéide comme un endroit gigantesque, entouré par la rivière flamboyante de Phlegethon et de trois murs pour empêcher les pécheurs de s'en échapper. Elle est gardée par une hydre avec cinquante mâchoires béantes noires, qui se tient à une porte crissante protégée par des colonnes d' adamantin solide, une substance semblable au diamant - si dure que rien ne le traversera. A l'intérieur, il y a un château avec de larges murs et une grande tourelle de fer. Tisiphone , l'un des Erinyes qui représente la vengeance, veille sur le haut de cette tourelle, fouettant un fouet. Il y a une fosse à l'intérieur de laquelle on dit qu'elle descend dans la terre deux fois plus loin que la distance entre les terres des vivants et l' Olympe . Au fond de cette fosse se trouvent les Titans , les jumeaux d' Aloeus et de nombreux autres pécheurs. Encore plus de pécheurs sont contenus à l'intérieur du Tartare, avec des punitions similaires à celles du mythe grec.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=1nhSoJjtv6o&list=RDMM&ind... - Patrick O'Hearn
Come Sunset, its the backroads, those two-lane ribbons of thin, twisting gray asphalt, that can lead one on magical drives away from the stresses of daily life. Especially if you are able to travel west - driving into, and keeping pace, with the setting sun on its ephemeral evening's journey.
Unlike the visual overload of night light in the City, there are no street lights on these back roads. There's a warm, yellow glow in the window of an isolated farm house or two, and the lonely cone of light at the occasional crossroad, but that's about it. Nightfall means just that; an all encompassing Darkness. It descends quietly and completely around you as you drive, in a sky cloaked in black ink, noire in spirit and heart.
Darkness - on those back country roads - will be adamantine and intractable.
Except as you drive into the setting sun. Then you can prolong its graceful descent and mesmerizing orange glow. You can allow yourself to indulge in its gentle tug on your spirit, its soothing and vaporous dance playing out before your "its-never-really-dark, downtown, city-boy eyes.
Sunset on a Country Road, rural Illinois. It lingers like a soft kiss with a new love.
A day of storm
In Roman mythology, Tartarus is the place where sinners are sent. Virgil describes it in the Aeneid as a gigantic place, surrounded by the flaming river Phlegethon and triple walls to prevent sinners from escaping from it. It is guarded by a hydra with fifty black gaping jaws, which sits at a screeching gate protected by columns of solid adamantine, a substance akin to diamond – so hard that nothing will cut through it. Inside, there is a castle with wide walls, and a tall iron turret. Tisiphone, one of the Erinyes who represents revenge, stands guard sleepless at the top of this turret lashing a whip. There is a pit inside which is said to extend down into the earth twice as far as the distance from the lands of the living to Olympus. At the bottom of this pit lie the Titans, the twin sons of Aloeus, and many other sinners. Still more sinners are contained inside Tartarus, with punishments similar to those of Greek myth.
Dans la mythologie romaine, le Tartare est l'endroit où les pécheurs sont envoyés. Virgile le décrit dans l' Enéide comme un endroit gigantesque, entouré par la rivière flamboyante de Phlegethon et de trois murs pour empêcher les pécheurs de s'en échapper. Elle est gardée par une hydre avec cinquante mâchoires béantes noires, qui se tient à une porte crissante protégée par des colonnes d' adamantin solide, une substance semblable au diamant - si dure que rien ne le traversera. A l'intérieur, il y a un château avec de larges murs et une grande tourelle de fer. Tisiphone , l'un des Erinyes qui représente la vengeance, veille sur le haut de cette tourelle, fouettant un fouet. Il y a une fosse à l'intérieur de laquelle on dit qu'elle descend dans la terre deux fois plus loin que la distance entre les terres des vivants et l' Olympe . Au fond de cette fosse se trouvent les Titans , les jumeaux d' Aloeus et de nombreux autres pécheurs. Encore plus de pécheurs sont contenus à l'intérieur du Tartare, avec des punitions similaires à celles du mythe grec.
Really? How Bizarre!
Strani misfatti impulsi febbrili potenti proiezioni che cambiano sogni notti inquietanti gallerie squisite che scorrono visioni vaste disposizioni calcaree,
bruacha bruach ag casadh pianta focail a dhíscaoileadh radharcanna gleoite boladh mí-áitneamhach béir neamhaí dathanna tralaí dian-instincts,
en face de sons ahurissants poussière démêlée pierres adamantines incongruités saisons passant doutes encourageant les incendies,
machbar Trapen Monsteren Mier schaarf Punkten bemierkenswäert Selbstschätzung onfällegend Donner onnatierlech Schatten schrecklech Aen faszinéierend Dieren,
perfekt harmonis apokalypsprocess helvetes smärtor oändliga portar ökande kristaller flydde poet sötma konstellationer genomskinlighet sol,
気質高めまい吐き気せん妄月散乱魂耽溺孤立渦巻く進歩ダーツ存在製造された板が歩いた.
Steve.D.Hammond.
I've heard angelic warnings
echoing the Valley of Doubt
till the light, one night,
Illumined the darkness
and helped me find
my way out.
Now, I circle the path of the labyrinth,
toward the center point of the sea
where soular winds course canyons
in search
of the adamantine mountain
in me.
c. Douglas Fireman
this labyrinth is one of two that family
and friends built at our son's retreat
located in SouthHaven, Michigan.
The sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cruelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness...
sea cave and the highest ocean cliffs in the southern hemisphere, cape pillar, tasman national park, tasmania, australia
(my 146th photo to make ‘explore’)
Coalition M-48 Brassbounder (Left), Pact B-47 Brassbounder (Right)
These are units for the two main human factions of my free game, Brassbound: Adamantine Dawn
This is Dioptase on Calcite from Tsumeb, Namibia at the Tucson Gem & Mineral Show.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptase
Dioptase is an intense emerald-green to bluish-green mineral that is cyclosilicate of copper. It is transparent to translucent. Its luster is vitreous to sub-adamantine. Its formula is Cu6Si6O18·6H2O, also reported as CuSiO2(OH)2. It has a Mohs hardness of 5, the same as tooth enamel. Its specific gravity is 3.28–3.35, and it has two perfect and one very good cleavage directions. Additionally, dioptase is very fragile, and specimens must be handled with great care. It is a trigonal mineral, forming six-sided crystals that are terminated by rhombohedra.
Late in the 18th century, copper miners at the Altyn-Tyube (Altyn-Tube) mine, Karagandy Province, Kazakhstan[3] thought they had found the emerald deposit of their dreams. They found fantastic cavities in quartz veins in a limestone rock, filled with thousands of lustrous transparent emerald-green crystals. The crystals were dispatched to Moscow, Russia, for analysis. However, the mineral's inferior hardness of 5 compared with emerald's greater hardness of 8 easily distinguished it. Eventually, in 1797, the mineralogist Fr. René Just Haüy determined that the enigmatic Altyn-Tyube mineral was new to science and named it dioptase (Greek, dia, "through" and optos, "visible"), alluding to the internal cleavage planes that can be seen inside unbroken crystals.[5]
Dioptase is an uncommon mineral found mostly in desert regions where it forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposits. However, the process of its formation is not simple. The oxidation of copper sulfides should be insufficient to crystallize dioptase, as silica is normally minutely soluble in water except at highly alkaline pH. The oxidation of sulfides will generate highly acidic fluids rich in sulfuric acid that should suppress silica's solubility. However, in dry climates and with enough time, especially in areas of a mineral deposit where acids are buffered by carbonate, minute quantities of silica may react with dissolved copper forming dioptase and chrysocolla.
www.visittucson.org/tucson-gem-mineral-fossil-showcase/
Every year the world-renowned Tucson Gem, Mineral & Fossil Showcase is like a time portal, a trip around the world, and a treasure hunt all rolled into one. Every winter, more than 65,000 guests from around the globe descend upon Tucson, AZ, to buy, sell, trade, and bear witness to rare and enchanting gems, minerals, and fossils at more than 50 gem show locations across the city. If you're planning a winter visit to Tucson, you won't want to miss this three-week-long event filled with shows, related events, a free day at the gem & mineral museum, and much, much more!
"Whether you’re looking for a $5 shimmering crystal necklace or a show-stopping $200,000 crystallized rock from an exotic location, the Tucson Gem, Mineral, & Fossil Shows have something for everyone.
www.visittucson.org/blog/post/gems-and-minerals/
The theme this year was Shades of Green- Experience the Magic. The theme for next year's show will be Red, White, and Blue Celebrate the Spirit of Minerals
xpopress.com/news/article/783/shades-of-green-70th-annual...
Green-colored gemstones are part of almost every mineral group. Famous members include emeralds (beryl); chrysoprase, bloodstone, aventurine, imperial jasper, kabamba jasper, and ocean jasper (quartz); green tourmaline; green sapphires; nephrite jade and imperial green jadeite; as well as tsavorite, grossular, demantoid, and drusy uvarovite (garnets).
There are also the soloists: malachite, amazonite, chrysoberyl, chrome diopside, maw-sit-sit, drusy liebethenite from Congo, fluorite, peridot, gaspeite, lime magnesite, seraphinite, prehnite, idocrase, and serpentine.
Green gems vary in hue, chroma (saturation), lightness, and tint, each with an identifiable green shade. They evoke memories of picturesque and scenic vistas, gardens, and lush meadows. Green is considered relaxing and pleasing to the eye and symbolizes nature, spring, healing, fertility, rebirth, and regeneration. It is linked to over thirty similes, idioms, and phrases used in everyday language.
TGMS 2025
Tucson Gem Show 2025
Wargaming with Lego doesn't have to be expensive. The parts to build a single B-34 are under $2.50! For a full army, you would only need five of these!
Download the rules for Brassbound: Adamantine Dawn for free here: brodadbrickworks.itch.io/brassbound
Realized with Midjourney using the original Second Life picture (see next picture in the gallery). Reinterpreted and modified in Photoshop.
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Visit The Carbone Studio
Milena Carbone's art studio
Unreal novels - digital art - virtual dance performance
Web : The Carbone Studio News
In speaking about ancient or traditional peoples it is important not to confuse healthy and integral civilizations with the great paganisms—for the term is justified here—of the Mediterranean and the Near East, of which Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar have become the classic incarnations and conventional images. What strikes one first in these “petrified” traditions of the Biblical world is a cult of the massive and gigantic, as well as a cosmolatry often accompanied by bloody or orgiastic rites, not forgetting an excessive development of magic and the arts of divination; in civilizations of this kind the supernatural is replaced by the magical, and the here-below is divinized while nothing is offered for the hereafter—at least in the exoterism, which in fact overwhelms everything else; a sort of marmoreal divinization of the human is combined with a passionate
humanization of the divine; potentates are demigods, and the gods preside over all the passions.
A question that might arise here is the following: why did these old religions deviate into paganism and then become extinct, whereas a similar destiny seems to be excluded in the case of the great traditions that are alive today in both the West and the East?
The answer is that traditions having a prehistoric origin are, symbolically speaking, made for “space” and not for “time”; that is, they saw the light in a primordial epoch when time was still but a rhythm in a spatial and static beatitude and when space or simultaneity still predominated over the experience of duration and change; historical traditions on the contrary must take the experience of “time” into account and must foresee instability and decadence, since they were born at periods when time had become like a fast-flowing and ever more devouring river and when the spiritual outlook had to be centered on the end of the world.
The position of Hinduism is intermediate in the sense that it has a capacity, exceptional in a tradition of the primordial type, for rejuvenation and adaptation; it is thus at once prehistoric and historic and realizes in its own way the miracle of a synthesis between the gods of Egypt and the God of Israel.
But to return to the Babylonians: the stonelike character of this type of civilization cannot be explained solely by a tendency to excess; it is also explained by a sense of the immutable, as if one had seen primordial beatitude beginning to vanish and had therefore wished to build a fortress to stand against time, or as if one had sought to transform the whole tradition into a fortress, with the result that the spirit was stifled instead of being protected; seen from this angle the marmoreal and inhuman side of these paganisms looks like a titanic reaction of space against time. In this perspective the implacability of the stars is paradoxically combined with the passion of bodies; the stellar vault is always present, divine and crushing, whereas an overflowing life serves as a terrestrial divinity.
From another point of view, many of the characteristics of the civilizations of antiquity are explained by the fact that in the beginning the celestial Law was of an adamantine hardness while at the same time life still retained something of the celestial; Babylon lived falsely on this sort of recollection, and yet at the very heart of the cruelest paganisms there were mitigations that can be accounted for by changes in the cyclical atmosphere. The celestial Law becomes less demanding as we approach the end of our cycle; Clemency increases as man becomes weaker. Christ’s acquittal of the adulterous woman has this significance—apart from other equally possible meanings—as does the intervention of the angel in the sacrifice of Abraham.
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Frithjof Schuon: Light on The Ancient Worlds
Please press L (or simply click the image) to view on black.
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Diamantina (Adamantine), a Brazilian city in the state of Minas Gerais with an estimated population in 2006 of 44,746 in a total area of 3,870 km², was one of the delightful surprises we encountered during our 4000 km drive through the interior of Brazil.
Diamantina is a unique and well preserved colonial city built during the early 18th century. As its name suggests, Diamantina was a center of diamond mining in the 18th and 19th centuries in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. Located far north of the other colonial towns of Minas Gerais and Brazil, Diamantina is dramatically set amongst the beautiful and mountainous landscape of the Serra do Espinhaço. Since it is tucked away in the hills, it is relatively untouched by tourism, making it mysterious and charming.
Diamantina is known for its exceptional Brazilian baroque architecture, stone paved roads and churches. In 1999 it was included as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Enjoy the rest of your Sunday and thanks so much for stopping by.
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Asia - Nepal - Boudha - UNESCO World Heritage Site - Town located 7 km East/Northeast of Kathmandu - Home to one of the largest Buddhist stupas in the world built during the 5th century AD - Boudhanath Stupa - Important place of pilgrimage & meditation for Tibetan Buddhists & local Nepalis
The deep, resonant Om is all sound and silence throughout time, the roar of eternity and also the great stillness of pure being... The Mani is the "adamantine diamond" of the Void--the primordial, pure and indestructible essence of existence... Padme is the world of phenomena, samsara, unfolding with spiritual progress to reveal beneath the leaves of delusion the jewel of nirvana. Hum has no literal meaning... Perhaps it is simply a rhythmic exhortation completing the mantra.
One reason for Bodhnath's appeal is the presence of maroon-robed monks from all four major Tibetan Buddhist sects, encouraging an atmosphere of debate and the easy exchange of ideas. The older monasteries clustered around Bodhnath keep their doors open most of the time, and visitors are welcome to attend morning and evening services. At Bodhnath, despite the continuing tragedy of their homeland, Tibetan culture and religious beliefs continue to flourish beneath the approving gaze of the all-seeing eye.
Camera Model: PENTAX K20D; ; Focal length: 14.00 mm; Aperture: 5.6; Exposure time: 1/45 s; ISO: 100
All rights reserved - Copyright © Lucie Debelkova - www.luciedebelkova.com
All images are exclusive property and may not be copied, downloaded, reproduced, transmitted, manipulated or used in any way without expressed, written permission of the photographer.
Lady Adamantine brings Columbia from Rocky Horror Picture Show to life at Long Beach Comic Con.
You can see more of her wonderful cosplay work on her facebook page at: www.facebook.com/arcanegoddess/?fref=ts
soundcloud.com/j-astra-brinkmann/agfa-adamantine
I've been focusing on making music these past few months. I am so grateful for my genuine friends who have supported me so far on this musical extravaganza, but I am also heartbroken over the various visceral disappointments which lead me to write these dreampop tracks in the first place.
Can't wait to move.
Contax T3, Agfa Vista 800
General
Category: Oxide minerals
Formula (repeating unit): α-FeO(OH)
Strunz classification: 04.FD.10
Identification
Color: Yellowish to reddish to dark brown
Crystal system: Orthorhombic 2/m2/m2/m
Cleavage: Perfect 010
Fracture: Uneven to splintery
Mohs scale hardness: 5 - 5.5
Luster: Adamantine to dull
Streak: Brown, brownish yellow to orange yellow
Specific gravity: 3.3 - 4.3
Refractive index: Opaque to sub-translucent
Fusibility: Fusible at 5 - 5.5
Other characteristics: Becomes magnetic in reducing flame
This was my most popular photo before my Flickr account was mysteriously "deleted".
Here it is on archive.org web.archive.org/web/20070316215032/flickr.com/photos/spla...
Comments (copy/pasted from archive.org)
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gardawind Pro User says:
Great capture... lovely also the background with the fishers...
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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atomtigerzoo Pro User says:
Cool!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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~ Sailor ~ Pro User says:
This is absolutely excellent! I love how you composed this one, Sara. Did you look at the lens info I sent you?
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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j.dubb Pro User says:
damn that is a cool photo... love the depth of field and those blurred fishermen back there. fascinating shot.
1.2.3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Adriane Emil says:
Whoa, that's sooo neat, excelent capture!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Rey Nocum Pro User says:
Honey, I blew-up the crab! Excellent shot.
Rey
1-2-3 Nature
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Alan Jordan Pro User says:
Awesome!
I think he's reading what type of camera you have, or maybe reminding you of the money you owe him.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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myriorama Pro User says:
way cool shot!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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vladdythephotogeek says:
fantastic shot! I love the DOF. Coolness.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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tobym Pro User says:
This is fantastic! The colors, the whimsy, the interesting shapes/colors in the background. Great...
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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John Means Whatever Pro User says:
That is one scary dude.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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boeke Pro User says:
This is well composed and funny and balanced. I love it!
[1-2-3]
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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*watershed* Pro User says:
what a great shot- really well done!! (123)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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shinichiro* Pro User says:
Wow! Great!!!!! (Explore Top!!! 10:20 JST)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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kktp_ Pro User says:
nice shot !!
(macro 1-2-3)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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khtoo Pro User says:
wow, great perspective 321
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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citybumpkin Pro User says:
Classic and surreal! Well done.
321
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Ennor Pro User says:
Wonderful shot! Great composition, colour and detail.
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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jim_moore Pro User says:
Great play on scale and distance! And nice bokeh.
1-2-3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Woupidy says:
very sharp!
love the perspective!
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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sandysshots Pro User says:
You had to get down and dirty to get his shot!!! Great perspective!!! Well done!!!
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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fastfinger Pro User says:
I love the angle and perspective and close up!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Harrier Pro User says:
Excellent photo! Great colors and perspective. Looks like something out of a Sponge Bob episode.
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Sister72 Pro User says:
Great job! Love it! We can all quit Flickr - You win! ;-) 1-2-3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Mc Lau Pro User says:
Excellent
The neatness and colors are perfect!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Ozyman says:
great shot! saw on explore page.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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adamantine Pro User says:
Love it!
Macro 1-2-3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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shutrbugr Pro User says:
Any glowing compliment I could write here would be an understatement!
This shot makes me long for a trip to the beach!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Hawaiian Sea says:
Cool Lifeform... Good Pic.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Jon & Brigid Pro User says:
Best shot I've seen all day. Great photo.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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John Aug says:
Nice photo. Great composition and idea.
1-2-3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Tiago Schlossinger. says:
Very nice composition.
t®
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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biroe1st Pro User says:
love it!
thats a beautiful shot.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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michelepost Pro User says:
A new Fav :)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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clikchick Pro User says:
Such a fantastic composition and incredible sharpness on the crab. Great DOF.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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P Villerius Pro User says:
What a great shot...a fav!
(1-2-3)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Lord V Pro User says:
Wonderful composition.
Brian V.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Dancing Fish Pro User says:
Amazing. We don't get crabs like that on our shores. What a handsome fellow!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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spacedman says:
crabtastic!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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wingless says:
Looks like he's trying to flee the scene before he becomes "the catch of the day." He is one now in flickr, though. Nice shot!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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DonnaGrayson Pro User says:
Wow ! Thats a very cool crab !!!!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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anna_t Pro User says:
Fantastic capture!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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bsmith4815 Pro User says:
Love it!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Capirote says:
These digital cameras are so easy, even us crabs can use them.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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inkyfingerz Pro User says:
That is one handsome crab. =0D
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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kiplingflu Pro User says:
wow,
lovely picture
a1F1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Lincolnian Pro User says:
Great shot.
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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The_Smart_Snake [A Future Pilot] IN Oman Pro User says:
gr8 shot :)
3-2-1
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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sine wave Pro User says:
An Engineer's Valentine
I was alone and all was dark
Beneath me and above
My life was full of volts and amps
But not the spark of love
But now that you are here with me
My heart is overjoyed
You've turned the square of my heart
Into a sinusoid
You load things from my memory
Onto my system bus
My life was once assembly code
It's now like C++
I love the way you solder things
My circuits you can fix
The voltage 'cross your diode is
much more than just point six
With your op-amps and resistors
You have built my integrator
I cannot survive without you
You're my function generator
You've changed my world, increased my gain
And made my math discreet
So now I'll end my poem here
Control, Alt, and Delete
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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spilopterus Pro User says:
If not for the two people at the background. Good shot.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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AbdulJaleel Pro User says:
great shot..... Love it....
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Ereaga says:
Very nice!!!!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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kalieye Pro User says:
wheeew!!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Hamed Saber Pro User says:
Great color, great lighting, great macro, great shot, great great! pfff
Oh forgot one: great dteails in large size!
123mac
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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klaw Pro User says:
Awesome shot
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Cracker&Boyo Pro User says:
Absolutely brilliant!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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CRAZYME says:
Wow! Nice angle. The crab looks tasty :)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Springreen Pro User says:
Great!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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LandMind Pro User says:
Excellent photo!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Fernanda_Becas says:
Please post this photo with Search the Best
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Tous les noms sont déjà pris... pfff... Pro User says:
:-)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Engineer J Pro User says:
(from 3-2-1 Macro)
Looks like a robot on mars. Excellent capture.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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chicken or beef says:
If I am not mistaken thats a ghost Crab.....quite rare...we have quite a few of those on the South african Coast
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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strangemagee Pro User says:
so much fun , this is
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Zachary B Pro User says:
Outstanding
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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snjegovic Pro User says:
Beautiful and funny.my fav!(from 3-2-1 Macro)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Grundlepuck Pro User says:
Congratulations! This wonderful image is currently (or was recently) one of Flickr's most interesting photos for 6 June 2006. (It is on page one of the calendar view.) Would you please add it to the Top 10 Interestingness pool? It would be a great addition!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Doubletee Pro User says:
I almost couldn't believe it was real from the thumbnail.
Excellent DOF and what a subject!
Congrats on being among the most interesting photos of the day, too.
(3-2-1)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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whispaws Pro User says:
Great overall capture and composition - love the primary colors and the DOF!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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laszlofromhalifax says:
Great shot! Excellent composition - the crab actually looks bigger than the two anglers... Faved it.
It would be truly outstanding with sharpness on the anglers (using the hyperfocal distance).
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Carrie Taylor Pro User says:
Love this, wonderful and fun!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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peke_cheeks Pro User says:
So Good. Superb. Wonderful capture.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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J.H.C. Pro User says:
Looks like he or she is posing 4 U. Well done!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Miss Aniela Pro User says:
i love the coolness of the shot, and the composition with the fishermen ahead. A fave. Plus iv never realised just how cute crabs are
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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curiouz Pro User says:
cute little crab! awesome composition!!
Macro 1-2-3
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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martytdx Pro User says:
Excellent macro shot - the colors are fantastic.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Vašík pašík says:
oh shit, so many comments, dont know what 2 say, what havent been said before :) ... just post it to national geografic ! ;)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Sara May Pro User says:
Lol Vasik!
Thanks so much everyone! I knew you all here at Flickr would love this but I didn't think you'd love it THIS much!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Brian Christensen Pro User says:
Very nice! Love the two people in the background. It gives the picture a good balance.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Brent_Thorkelson Pro User says:
wonderful composition
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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kagoo_bythesea says:
Its a male ghost crab---don't know latin name----run a search on google. Great pic!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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DISC0STU Pro User says:
gorgeous!
(321 macro)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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_CarmenLilly_ Pro User says:
Absolutely fascinating shot !
never seen such a crab so close ! ;)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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~ Sailor ~ Pro User says:
Congrats! You reached number 13 on explore! Got a screen shot for you.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Sara May Pro User says:
Wow thanks Sailor that's really nice of you, I'd love to see it!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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stephen_pix says:
What a lovely creature! Very nice shot.
(from 3-2-1 Macro)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Heaven`s Gate (John) Pro User says:
its all been said so I will just offer my congratulations on a super photo !
123 nature
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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cienne45 Pro User says:
Fantastic shot!
123 Nature
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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johnnieb Pro User says:
I love this shot and the 2 people in the background add interest, context and colour. Very well thought-out! (1-2-3 Nature)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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alien2077 Pro User says:
very nice shot. good dof.
(1-2-3 Nature)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Renata Diem Pro User says:
The sister:
Aninha
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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wondrous22 says:
Fantastic shot!
123 Nature
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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worldwidewandering Pro User says:
Great shot!
(1-2-3 Nature)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Wrobel Photographic Arts says:
The backgroud completes this image for me. Makes me laugh with wonder of what going through its mind as it runs away from the fishers. (Macro 1-2-3)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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mcandrea Pro User says:
this is alot of fun, great angle, he is looking straight at you!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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jeanniepaul Pro User says:
Ha, ha, ha! I love it! :)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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jimheid Pro User says:
What a cute little alien you've got there. Perfectly shot! The low angle makes it.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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dorsia Pro User says:
Would make a great poster! Lovely depth.
(found you in 3-2-1 Macro)
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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AleRoda® Pro User says:
A postcard perfection!!! Nice shot!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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@LO Pro User says:
Fabulous shot!!!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Ammar Q8 Pro User says:
great shot,
i love the DOF.
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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hb19 Pro User says:
fantastic capture & well framed with the people in the background as well. I viewed your macro set & really enjoyed viewing all of them, great talent
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Lydd_Nel Pro User says:
wow ! amazingly clear !
thanks for sharing this !
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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Iason Pippi says:
Very NICE!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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[ changó ] Pro User says:
great! Instant Fav!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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cutangus Pro User says:
Fantastic; really at the crab's eyes height!
Posted 9 months ago. ( permalink )
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bloodcrow Pro User says:
What a cutie! How did you get him to get that close to you and your camera? Anytime i see ghost crabs, they're usually running for their burrow.
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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GG69 says:
Took me few min. to look at these comments. then nothing to say. collect into my fav.
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Jessica Sweet TV says:
Amazing
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Shane Glass Pro User says:
A fave (adding to the 214 others). Great blur and the frame is well filled with plenty to look at.
(from the Top20Bokeh group)
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Lucky Clov Pro User says:
He's escaping from his foes in the background! ;) Love the contrast in the depth of field. Stunning colour-combo. An instant fave!
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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thelovethinguk Pro User says:
lovely photo, great dof
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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m vitor Pro User says:
Great!!!
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Joe Pineapples Pro User says:
These are called "Flour Mary" in Brasil.
Great angle for beach pics, nice DOF!
Espuma / Foam
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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RCastro Pro User says:
A very special/wonderful shot!!!
Congrats for this composition....excellent choices here!!
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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papidamati says:
Fantastic shot ! Great ! ;-)
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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AC21 Pro User says:
love it
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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! * Krystian`s PHOTOSynthesis * ! Pro User says:
Superb!
(Seen @ www.flickr.com/groups/1for1/pool/)
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Filth215 Pro User says:
i love ghost crabs . this picture is nice by the way.
(A1F1 Group)
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Sysy81 Pro User says:
WOOOOOW!
This is really a wonderful capture!
Congrats!
A fav for me!
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Paula Anddrade Pro User says:
Great!!! :o)
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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|eliezer|® says:
amazing
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Misssdavis Pro User says:
FANTASTIC picture! PLUS the most comments ive EVER seen on flickr! xx
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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GlitrVamp says:
I love this shot!! One of my favorite summer photos EVER!!!!
Posted 8 months ago. ( permalink )
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Jack Brodus says:
Remarkable photo! Excellent composition and colour. Great work!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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darin11111 says:
Wow. Very nice. I'm getting hungry for some crabs now!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
eDragon [deleted] says:
Very cute!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Bassanity says:
great use of d.o.f. this was an instant favorite of mine. GREAT SHOOTING!!! Keep it up!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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giordano_p1981 says:
Wonderful composition!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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somesai Pro User says:
awesome
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Please consider adding your wonderful photo to Animal Pals
Animal Pals Icon
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Noah Bulgaria Pro User says:
Superb!
****
This image has been invited for submission at the Animal Kingdom group! The Animal Kingdom group allows for only the finest images of creatures to be submitted. By invite only; please read rules!
Animal Kingdom
--
Icon of the Week Contest #6 now open for submissions!
****
--
Found in a search. (?)
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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tayberry_icecream says:
Just about the best photo i've seen on flickr so far, fantastic!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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mygigi Pro User says:
super capture!! bravo for the colors, the comp and the Dof
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Jana Mills Pro User says:
beautiful
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Na`bin says:
Crabs! And flood of memories . . . . makes me wonder lots of things. How much I love it and how much it hates me . . .
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Don Gru Pro User says:
wonderful capture!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Cleopas says:
what a great perspective - nice shot!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Solid*Rock says:
So quirky. Just had to comment. I love all your pictures but this was the one which grabbed me. Keep posting!
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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sudoku Pro User says:
i found your photo when i searched for the most interesting ghost pictures on flickr. fun photo! love the dof! :)
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Harmony and me says:
What a cutie! Wonderful picture!!!!
A Big FaveA Big Fave
Please add this to www.flickr.com/groups/bigfave
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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marlenells says:
WINNER
You are my winner!
Please add this photo to:
MyWinners
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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cctrilla says:
Amazing shot.
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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pinkcookie_ says:
great shot! very sharp and well focused, and just overall great
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
alorfus [deleted] says:
tightness man i love it
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Dii-Zel says:
here, ghosty, ghosty ghosty =)
Posted 7 months ago. ( permalink )
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Flickr Seekr says:
Published in
Flickr Seekr
FlickrSeekr.wordpress.com
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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Rob Hughes Pro User says:
Congratulations! Did you know that this is the most interesting photo tagged with "crab"? Please consider posting it to The Most Interesting **Blank** Picture
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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ToRtU Pro User says:
Amazing shot, nice Dof...Congrats....
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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ValterJacinto Pro User says:
Awesome!
See my Photos!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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noonespillow Pro User says:
Beautiful composition and colors. Almost looks like its running from the fishermen. :-) Great work!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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lauralbg Pro User says:
wow! Great pic!! Wonderful scene!!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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Greg Landers Pro User says:
Oustanding photostream!!! I love your work! ;-))
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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deestea Pro User says:
Whimsical and truly a great shot! Instant fav!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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charlietyack Pro User says:
Great Capture's BannerGreat Capture!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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tony's pics Pro User says:
Brilliant shot!!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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brynmeillion Pro User says:
even the crabs look well in Florida - going over there next year and will look out for them Great shot. Diolch
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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creativik67 says:
Fantastic! lovely also the background with the fishers...
Complimenti!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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hinderik says:
very nice composition
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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Fayza Pro User says:
What lens do you use? I adore this photo.
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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AnitaLoWi says:
Wow! Great shot!!! Fave!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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cokebender! says:
Great Shot, contrast
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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Marchissimo Pro User says:
Lovely picture!
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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brynmeillion Pro User says:
forgot to give you the star when I picked you as a fave - sorry better late than never.
A Big FaveA Big Fave
You are invited to add this image to www.flickr.com/groups/bigfave
(Please be sure to read the main page before requesting membership)
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
cudnemanowce [deleted] says:
Please consider adding this photos to my macro group at :
www.flickr.com/groups/macro_maniaque/
Posted 6 months ago. ( permalink )
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Sweet2242 says:
Excellent capture!
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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B@ni Pro User says:
great shot...!
i love the DOF.
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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ception Pro User says:
This is an exceptional image! Very well composed, and what great light. It reminds me of how much I miss the beach.
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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☆S says:
nice shot !
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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AleRoda® Pro User says:
His brazilian brother:
Bombadinho!
:-)
Cheers!
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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scottidee says:
Amazing comp - - bravo bravo
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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gummy_care_bear says:
great photo
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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mrlins Pro User says:
Truly a great shot - I just LOVE the composition!
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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Tureluur Pro User says:
National Geographic on steroïds
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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Shehbaz Ahmad says:
needless to say though, but still, its an excellent picture. many thanks
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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J E R R Y Pro User says:
Wonderful picture, I like it!!!
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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snowdog101 Pro User says:
An absolutely fantastic shot. So glad it popped up in my explore bar.
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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cigarette_girl says:
i love this shot! the crab looks fake. but really good.
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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roddh Pro User says:
wonderful beach colors. very humerous caption and visuals.
nice!
Found via 'life' tag search
Posted 5 months ago. ( permalink )
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livatlantis says:
Very interesting. A little spooky, actually - it's like it's trying to say something. And not something very pleasant, either. Great photo!
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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ms.Tea Pro User says:
wonderful pov
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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Kata_Rata says:
Love this one :) Great shot ;)
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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Kmarnicus Pro User says:
Awesome shot, well done.
THIS IS EYE CANDY! Please post this amazing photo to the Eye Candy! Group.
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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Qiao-Da-Ye Pro User says:
what a nice photo!
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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~KOOKIE~ says:
love the crab....love**
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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Vašík pašík says:
i love crabs too...in soup :)))
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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Cory'' Pro User says:
Stunning Shot
I really like your your Animal Photography - Hereby you are invited to join Ultimate Animal Photography
ess_beaver
www.flickr.com/groups/ultimateanimalphotography/
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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frosti_eu says:
wonderfull, in Poland not they have many colors
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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edwardolive not "good" enough for explore Pro User says:
funny
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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gravityx9 Pro User says:
AWESOME PHOTO! Great shot! The clearity of the little creature, against the distance of the fishermen on the beach is just wonderful! you should post it on a group called 'spot this' here -- www.flickr.com/groups/spot/ - It's a fantastic photograph!
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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DreamzInColor says:
Fantastic photo.
You are invited to add this image to ***Fantastic Animal Photos***
Posted 4 months ago. ( permalink )
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m33233 Pro User says:
so nice
i love it
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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prissy_tom_boy Pro User says:
oh wow hes a cutie! Lol I have of my pet hermit crab but I don't know where it is :(
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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kool_skatkat says:
what a winner!
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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theupperroom says:
I love the shot!
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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Perla* Pro User says:
Really cool shot!
Please post it at "It’s multi-colored!!!" @
www.flickr.com/groups/18954832@N00/
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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wakeuptothe world says:
that crabs eyes freak me out! but this picture is absolutely amazing!
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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Daniel Wiedemann says:
Amazing photos you have!! This is a great shot!!
You should sign up for www.dinamicpixel.com, as there is a competition that started and will end soon and as the theme is Macro, you have a great chance!! :)
So, to sum it up:
The Website - Dinamic Pixel
To Register
The Competition
The Macro Gallery
=D
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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ieatstars Pro User says:
Such an amazing shot :D
Posted 3 months ago. ( permalink )
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AD Sniper Pro User says:
wow ... FAV
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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ms jeanie Pro User says:
Such personality, its a fav for me!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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lomokev Pro User says:
grate image but do your self a favour and get rid of all the notes!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
kevinsaunt [deleted] says:
Awesome, I love the fishermen in the background.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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Wicked Queen Pro User says:
great image!! hard to see with all the notes lol but great image / dof!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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Atlapix Pro User says:
Fantastic capture of a very interesting animal. Superb all around!
I really like your animal photo!
You are invited to post this photo to Spectacular Animals, invite only
www.flickr.com/groups/spectacular_animals/
Please add the tag SpecAnimal to your photo
Please include a link to the photo when applying for group membership.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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PhotoGirl58 Pro User says:
Makes me want to run away! Awesome shot.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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Luan Vickery says:
What an extraordinary picture - simply astounding!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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! ! Cosabella says:
already this is an all time favorite of mine.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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El Jeffal says:
Nice picture!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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xToXiCx says:
Perfect picture! Seriously I love everything about it, I even think the picture wouldn't be as nice without the little seashell in the background. You deserve every comment and every fave, oh and every note too!
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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OldUncleMe Pro User says:
How is it I'm just NOW seeing this? Truly wunnerful shot!
/..
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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brynmeillion Pro User says:
we have very few photos on this group and would like to join with this great photo
I invite you to add this great 600+ faves picture to the 600+ Faves group.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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potatoknish Pro User says:
both cute and scary
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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Image-Oasis Pro User says:
Nice photo; I don't mean to sound a bit sour but I can't help but notice on Flickr how much being female helps to popularize one's photos. If you want to see crab photos - check mine out. Not as popular but I guess what do you expect? I'm male... Still nice photo and I have faved for the record.
Posted 2 months ago. ( permalink )
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Scott Kinmartin Pro User says:
Fantastic shot!
Posted 6 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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ScottS101 Pro User says:
Good job getting nice and low. Very cute crab.
I hate the notes though. You should ditch them.
Posted 6 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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mateochristiandante says:
This is a great photo. Here in Canada we have different creatures to photograph. Check out my photos :)
Posted 5 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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tomboy8901 says:
Awesome!
Posted 5 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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CelloPenguins Pro User says:
Superb capture! Wonderful colors and details!
Posted 5 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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pinayako Pro User says:
nice captured./ i havent seen this kind of crab. it looks square:P
Posted 3 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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dat_ich says:
it´s fantastic
Posted 3 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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LA Lassie Pro User says:
I would like to invite you to add this great photo
to the QEMD "Finch" Group (No Rules - Just Educational)
Posted 3 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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Yusuf Motiwala says:
Amazing shot!
Posted 3 weeks ago. ( permalink )
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ValterJacinto Pro User says:
Absolutely Fantastic!
Absolutely Fantastic
Please add your Fantastic Photo to:
Absolutely Fantastic
We each have to personnally answer or ignore such eternal questions.
What is your answer about others, whether friend, family or enemy?
What is your answer when applied to yourself?
Should your prayers include deceased who may not yet be with their Maker?
Why not remember them, if they cannot no longer shorten their painful stay outside heaven? Why not ask our Maker to shorten such pained absence from eternal partying.
EXPLORE #162 on November 2, 2007 for 11-02.
Poem by Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803-1882)
THE PAST
The debt is paid,
The verdict said,
The Furies laid,
The plague is stayed,
All fortunes made;
Turn the key and bolt the door;
Sweet is death forevermore.
Nor haughty hope, nor swart chagrin,
Nor murdering hate, can enter in.
All is now secure and fast;
Not the gods can shake the Past;
Flies-to-the adamantine door
Bolted down forevermore.
None can reenter there,--
No thief so politic,
No Satan with a royal trick
Steal in by window, chink, or hole,
To bind or unbind, add what lacked,
Insert a leaf, or forge a name,
New-face or finish what is packed,
Alter or mend eternal Fact.
the myth retelling Typhon's murder and dismemberment of his brother Osiris.. For alchemists, the myth of Isis and Osiris was a myth of the alchemical process. One of this myths relates him vanquishing Typhon, the dragon of ignorance ...
Set (Seth, Setekh, Sut, Sutekh, Suty) was one of ancient Egypt’s earliest gods, a god of chaos, confusion, storms, wind, the desert and foreign lands. In the Osiris legends, he was a contender to the throne of Osiris and rival to Horus, but a companion to the sun god Ra. Originally worshiped and seen as an ambivalent being, during the Third Intermediate Period the people vilified him and turned him into a god of evil.
Depicted as a man with the head of a ‘Sut animal’ (or a ‘Typhonian animal’ because of the Greek identification with Typhon), or as a full ‘Set animal’ the god is unrecognizable as any one particular animal today. He was also identified with other animals, such as the hippopotamus, the pig and the donkey, which were often abhorred by the Egyptians. These animals were sacred to him. Set’s followers took the form of these animals, as well as crocodiles, scorpions, turtles and other ‘evil’ or dangerous creatures. Some fish were sacred to Set, too – the Nile carp, the Oxyrynchus or the Phagrus fish – because they were thought to have eaten the phallus of Osiris after Set chopped him to pieces.
The ‘Set animal’ has long, squared ears and a long, down-turned snout, a canine-like body with an erect forked tail. He may have been a composite animal that was part aardvark (the aardvark that the ancient Egyptians would have seen was the nocturnal Orycteropus aethiopicus which was between 1.2-1.8 meters long and almost 1 meter tall, and was generally a reddish color because of the thin hair, allowing the skin to show through), part canine (perhaps the salawa, a desert dwelling creature) or even a camel or an okapi. The sign for his name, from the Middle Kingdom hieratic onwards, tended to replace the sign for ‘donkey’ and ‘giraffe’, so he was possibly linked to the giraffe, as well.
He was also believed to have white skin and red hair, with the Egyptians comparing his hair to the pelt of a donkey. Due to his association with red, red animals and even people with red hair were thought to be his followers. These animals were sometimes sacrificed, while the link between Set and red-heads – usually foreigners – gave him godhood over foreign lands. With the relationship to foreign peoples, Set was also a god of overseas trade of oils, wood and metals from over the sea and through desert routes. He was given lordship over western Asia because of this.
As Set was a god of the desert and probably symbolized the destructive heat of the afternoon sun, and thus was thought to be infertile. The hieroglyph for Set was used in words such as ‘turmoil’, ‘confusion’, ‘illness’, ‘storm’ and ‘rage’. Strange events such as eclipses, thunderstorms and earthquakes were all attributed to him.
Horus has seized Set, he has put him beneath you so that he can lift you up. He will groan beneath you as an earthquake…
– Pyramid Texts, Spell 356
He was also thought to have rather odd sexual habits, another reason why the Egyptian believed that abnormalities were linked to Set. In a land where fatherhood makes the man, Set’s lack of children, related to the tale where Horus tore off his testicles (while Set tore out Horus’ eye) would have been one reason why he was looked down on. His favorite – some say only – food was the lettuce (which secreted a white, milky substance that the Egyptians linked to semen and was sacred to the fertility god Min), but even with this aphrodisiac, he was still thought to have been infertile.His bisexuality (he was married and given concubines to appease him, yet he also assaulted Horus sexually starting with the come-on line “How lovely your backside is!”) and his pursuit of Isis were reasons why Set could never have been a ruler of Egypt instead of Osiris, despite originally being a lord of Upper Egypt.When Set saw Isis there, he transformed himself into a bull to be able to pursue her, but she made herself unrecognizable by taking the form of a bitch with a knife on her tail. Then she began to run away from him and Set was unable to catch up with her. Then he ejaculated on the ground, and she said, “It’s disgusting to have ejaculated, you bull!” But his sperm grew in the desert and became the plants called bedded-kau.
– Jumilhac PapyrusIn the Old and Middle Kingdoms there are depictions of these two gods together either leading the prisoners of the pharaoh or binding the plants of Upper and Lower Egypt together (as does the twin Hapi gods) to symbolize the union of Upper and Lower Egypt. He was regarded as an equal to the hawk god. This was Horus the Elder, a god of the day sky while Set was seen as a god of the night sky. When these two gods were linked, the two were said to be Horus-Set, a man with two heads – one of the hawk of Horus, the other of the Set animal.“Homage to thee, O divine Ladder! Homage to thee O Ladder of Set! Stand thou upright, O divine Ladder! Stand thou upright, O Ladder of Set! Stand thou upright, O Ladder of Horus, whereby Osiris came forth into heaven.”
– Pyramid Texts, Pepi I
In the Pyramid Texts he was believed to be a friend to the dead, and he helped Osiris ascend to heaven on a ladder. On one of Seti I’s reliefs, it shows Set and Horus offering the symbol of life to the pharaoh, with Set saying “I establish the crown upon thy head, even like the Disk on the head of Amen-Ra, and I will give thee all life, strength and health.” Thothmose III had a scene showing Set teaching him the use of the bow, while Horus taught him yet another weapon.
As for his role as a friend of the dead, it was believed that “Horus purifies and Set strengthens, and Set purifies and Horus strengthens” the deceased while the backbone of the deceased becomes the backbone of Set and Set has “joined together my neck and my back strongly, and they are even as they were in the time that is past; may nothing happen to break them apart.”Ramesses II, as did his father Seti I, both had red hair and so aligned themselves with the god of chaos. Both were famous warrior pharaohs, using Set’s violent nature to help with their war efforts. In Ramesses II’s campaign against the Hittites, he split his army into four divisions and named them after four gods. One was for Amen, one for Ra, one for Ptah and one for Set. But it was the pharaoh himself who won the battle:Thereupon the forces of the Foe from Khatti surrounded the followers of his majesty who were by his side. When his majesty caught sight of them he rose quickly, enraged at them like his father Mont. Taking up weapons and donning his armor he was like Set in the moment of his power. He mounted ‘Victory-in-Thebes,’ his great horse, and started out quickly alone by himself. His majesty was mighty, his heart stout. one could not stand before him.All his ground was ablaze with fire; he burned all the countries with his blast. His eyes were savage as he beheld them; his power flared like fire against them. He heeded not the foreign multitude; he regarded them as chaff. His majesty charged into the force of the Foe from Khatti and the many countries with him. His majesty was like Seth, great-of-strength, like Sekhmet in the moment of her rage. His majesty slew the entire force of the Foe from Khatti, together with his great chiefs and all his brothers, as well as all the chiefs of all the countries that had come with him, their infantry and their charioteers falling on their faces one upon the other. His majesty slaughtered them in their places; they sprawled before his horses; and his majesty was alone, none other with him.It is likely that the cult of Horus overtook the cult of Set in ancient times, and started to remove his positive sides to give the god Horus more status. The two gods, Horus the Elder and Horus the son of Osiris and Isis were confused, so Set changed from being an equal to his brother, Horus the Elder, to the enemy of Isis’s son. It was only after the Hyksos took Set as their main god, after the Egyptians god rid of the foreigners, he stopped symbolizing Lower Egypt and his name was erased and his statues destroyed.
Set has been worshiped since predynastic times. The first representation of Set that has been found was on a carved ivory comb, an Amratian artifact. He was also shown on the Scorpion macehead. He was worshiped and placated through Egyptian history until the Third Intermediate Period where he was seen as an evil and undesirable force. From this time on, some of his statues were re-carved to become the statues of other gods, and it was said that he had actually been defeated by the god Horus.In the original tale of the fight between Set and Horus, the Egyptians believed that the two would continue their battle until the end of time itself, when chaos overran ma’at and the waters of Nun would swallow up the world. It was only when Set was vilified that this changed, and the Egyptians began to believe that Horus won the battle, defeating Set as a version of good triumphing over evil.
In the tale of Osiris, Set was the third of the five children of Nut, thought to have been born in the Nubt (Naqada) area. Instead of being born in the normal manner, as his siblings were born, he tore himself violently from his mother’s womb.
You whom the pregnant goddess brought forth when you clove the night in twain -You are invested with the form of Set, who broke out in violence.Jealous of his older brother Osiris – either because of the birth of his sister-wife’s son, Anubis, or because of Osiris’ rulership of Egypt – Set made a plan to murder his childless brother and take the throne. He made a great feast, supposedly in honor of Osiris, and with 72 accomplices ready, he tricked Osiris into laying down in a coffer – whoever fitted into the richly ornamented chest would win it – and considering that he’d measured it to fit his brother exactly, Osiris fit perfectly… and Set’s accomplices nailed down the lid and threw it into the Nile.When Isis found out about this, she went on a search through the world to find her husband. Bringing him back, Set happened on the coffer, and tore it open and cut up his brother’s corpse, spreading body parts through the land of Egypt. Isis and Set’s wife Nephthys (who had left him to join her sister) went on a quest to restore Osiris. They succeeded enough so that Isis conceived Osiris’ son and eventually bore the child Horus in the Delta region where he grew up.
By this time Horus had reached manhood … Horus thereupon did battle with Set, the victory falling now to one, now to the other … Horus and Set, it is said, still do battle with one another, yet victory has fallen to neither.Yet Set was thought to be a follower of Ra. It was he who defended the Solar Barque each night as it traveled through the underworld, the only Egyptian deity who could kill the serpent Apep – Ra’s most dangerous enemy – each night as it threatened to swallow the Barque.Then Set, the strong one, the son of Nut, said “As for me, I am Set, the strongest of the Divine Company. Every day I slay the enemy of Ra when I stand at the helm of the Barque of Millions of Years, which no other god dare do.”Even here, though, Set was thought to be a braggart, taunting Ra and threatening that if he wasn’t treated well, that he would bring storms and thunder against the sun god. At this point in The Book of the Dead, Ra drives Set away from the Barque for his insolence, and proceeds on course without the god of storms.Other than Nephthys, Set had other wives/concubines. He was believed to live in the northern sky by the constellation of the Great Bear. To the Egyptians, the north symbolized darkness, cold and death. It was there that his wife Taweret, the hippo goddess of childbirth, was believed to keep him chained. He seemed to have bad luck with women – as with Nephthys, Taweret followed Osiris.At one part in the tale of Set’s argument with Horus over rulership, the company of the gods asked the goddess Neith, rather than Ra – who sided with Set – who should be given the throne of Osiris. Her reply was this:“Give the office of Osiris to his son Horus! Do not go on committing these great wrongs, which are not in place, or I will get angry and the sky will topple to the ground. But also tell the Lord of All, the Bull who lives in Heliopolis, to double Set’s property. Give him Anat and Astarte, your two daughters, and put Horus in the place of his father.”– Myth and Symbol in Ancient Egypt, RT Rundle ClarkSo he was given the two foreign goddesses Anat and Astarte, both war goddesses from the Syria-Palestine area and daughters of Ra. The two were often interchangeable, yet they had their own distinct cults. Anat and Taweret, though they were fertility goddesses, never bore Set any children.Despite his wicked side, Set was still a god of Egypt, and worshiped – and feared – as such. His image changed through time, due to politics, yet he was still a powerful god, the only one who could slay Ra’s worst enemy. To the Egyptians he was the god who ‘ate’ the moon each month – the black boar who swallowed its light – and the god who created earthquakes and heavy, thunderous rain storms. He was a friend of the dead, helping them to ascend to heaven on his ladder, and the crowner of pharaohs and leader of warriors.Despite his bad reputation, he was still a divine being – an equal of Horus, no less – who could be invoked by his followers or warded off by those who were afraid of him. Yet without chaos and confusion there would be no order; without the heavy, thunderous storms there would be no good weather; without the desert and foreign lands there would be no Egypt. Set was a counterbalance to the ‘good’ side of the Egyptian universe, helping to keep everything in balance.
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Typhon (/ˈtaɪfɒn, -fən/; Greek: Τυφῶν, Tuphōn [typʰɔ̂ːn]), also Typhoeus (/taɪˈfiːəs/; Τυφωεύς, Tuphōeus), Typhaon (Τυφάων, Tuphaōn) or Typhos (Τυφώς, Tuphōs), was a monstrous giant and the most deadly being of Greek mythology. Typhon was the last son of Gaia, and was fathered by Tartarus. Typhon and his mate Echidna were the progenitors of many famous monsters.Typhon was the son of Gaia (Earth) and Tartarus: "when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite".[1] The mythographer Apollodorus (1st or 2nd century AD) adds that Gaia bore Typhon in anger at the gods for their destruction of her offspring the Giants.Numerous other sources mention Typhon as being the offspring of Gaia, or simply "earth-born", with no mention of Tartarus.However, according to the Homeric Hymn to Apollo (6th century BC), Typhon was the child of Hera alone. Hera, angry at Zeus for having given birth to Athena by himself, prayed to Gaia to give her a son as strong as Zeus, then slapped the ground and became pregnant. Hera gave the infant Typhon to the serpent Python to raise, and Typhon grew up to become a great bane to mortals.
Depiction by Wenceslas Hollar
Several sources locate Typhon's birth and dwelling place in Cilicia, and in particular the region in the vicinity of the ancient Cilician coastal city of Corycus (modern Kızkalesi, Turkey). The poet Pindar (c. 470 BC) calls Typhon '"Cilician",and says that Typhon was born in Cilicia and nurtured in "the famous Cilician cave",[7] an apparent allusion to the Corycian cave.[8] In Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, Typhon is called the "dweller of the Cilician caves",[9] and both Apollodorus and the poet Nonnus (4th or 5th century AD) have Typhon born in Cilicia.The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, preserving a possible Orphic tradition, has Typhon born in Cilicia, as the offspring of Cronus. Gaia, angry at the destruction of the Giants, slanders Zeus to Hera. So Hera goes to Zeus' father Cronus (whom Zeus had overthrown) and Cronus gives Hera two eggs smeared with his own semen, telling her to bury them, and that from them would be born one who would overthrow Zeus. Hera, angry at Zeus, buries the eggs in Cilicia "under Arimon", but when Typhon is born, Hera, now reconciled with Zeus, informs him.
According to Hesiod, Typhon was "terrible, outrageous and lawless", and on his shoulders were one hundred snake heads, that emitted fire and every kind of noise:
Strength was with his hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring. From his shoulders grew a hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and from under the brows of his eyes in his marvellous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at another, the noise of a bull bellowing aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at another, sounds like whelps, wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss, so that the high mountains re-echoed.The Homeric Hymn to Apollo describes Typhon as "fell" and "cruel", and neither like gods nor men. Three of Pindar's poems have Typhon as hundred-headed (as in Hesiod),while apparently a fourth gives him only fifty heads, but a hundred heads for Typhon became standard. A Chalcidian hydria (c. 540–530 BC), depicts Typhon as a winged humanoid from the waist up, with two snake tails below. Aeschylus calls Typhon "fire-breathing". For Nicander (2nd century BC), Typhon was a monster of enormous strength, and strange appearance, with many heads, hands, and wings, and with huge snake coils coming from his thighs.
Apollodorus describes Typhon as a huge winged monster, whose head "brushed the stars", human in form above the waist, with snake coils below, and fire flashing from his eyes:
In size and strength he surpassed all the offspring of Earth. As far as the thighs he was of human shape and of such prodigious bulk that he out-topped all the mountains, and his head often brushed the stars. One of his hands reached out to the west and the other to the east, and from them projected a hundred dragons' heads. From the thighs downward he had huge coils of vipers, which when drawn out, reached to his very head and emitted a loud hissing. His body was all winged: unkempt hair streamed on the wind from his head and cheeks; and fire flashed from his eyes.
The most elaborate description of Typhon is found in Nonnus's Dionysiaca. Nonnus makes numerous references to Typhon's sepentine nature, giving him a "tangled army of snakes", snaky feet, and hair.According to Nonnus, Typhon was a "poison-spitting viper",whose "every hair belched viper-poison",and Typhon "spat out showers of poison from his throat; the mountain torrents were swollen, as the monster showered fountains from the viperish bristles of his high head",and "the water-snakes of the monster's viperish feet crawl into the caverns underground, spitting poison!".
Following Hesiod and others, Nonnus gives Typhon many heads (though untotaled), but in addition to snake heads,Nonnus also gives Typhon many other animal heads, including leopards, lions, bulls, boars, bears, cattle, wolves, and dogs, which combine to make 'the cries of all wild beasts together',and a "babel of screaming sounds".Nonnus also gives Typhon "legions of arms innumerable", and where Nicander had only said that Typhon had "many" hands, and Ovid had given Typhon a hundred hands, Nonnus gives Typhon two hundred.According to Hesiod's Theogony, Typhon "was joined in love" to Echidna, a monstrous half-woman and half-snake, who bore Typhon "fierce offspring". First, according to Hesiod, there was Orthrus, the two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of Geryon, second Cerberus,[36] the multiheaded dog who guarded the gates of Hades, and third the Lernaean Hydra,[37] the many-headed serpent who, when one of its heads was cut off, grew two more. The Theogony next mentions an ambiguous "she", which might refer to Echidna, as the mother of the Chimera (a fire-breathing beast that was part lion, part goat, and had a snake-headed tail) with Typhon then being the father.
While mentioning Cerberus and "other monsters" as being the offspring of Echidna and Typhon, the mythographer Acusilaus (6th century BC) adds the Caucasian Eagle that ate the liver of Prometheus,[39] the mythographer Pherecydes of Leros (5th century BC), also names Prometheus' eagle,[40] and adds Ladon (though Pherecydes does not use this name), the dragon that guarded the golden apples in the Garden of the Hesperides (according to Hesiod, the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys).[41] while the lyric poet Lasus of Hermione (6th century BC), adds the Sphinx.Later authors mostly retain these offspring of Typhon by Echidna, while adding others. Apollodorus, in addition to naming as their offspring Orthrus, the Chimera (citing Hesiod as his source) the Caucasian Eagle, Ladon, and the Sphinx, also adds the Nemean lion (no mother is given), and the Crommyonian Sow, killed by the hero Theseus (unmentioned by Hesiod).Hyginus (1st century BC),[44] in his list of offspring of Typhon (all by Echidna), retains from the above: Cerberus, the Chimera, the Sphinx, the Hydra and Ladon, and adds "Gorgon" (by which Hyginus means the mother of Medusa, whereas Hesiod's three Gorgons, of which Medusa was one, were the daughters of Ceto and Phorcys), the Colchian Dragon that guarded the Golden Fleece and Scylla.The Harpies, in Hesiod the daughters of Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra, in one source, are said to be the daughters of Typhon.The sea serpents which attacked the Trojan priest Laocoön, during the Trojan War, were perhaps supposed to be the progeny of Typhon and Echidna.According to Hesiod, the defeated Typhon is the source of destructive storm winds.Battle with Zeus
Typhon challenged Zeus for rule of the cosmos.The earliest mention of Typhon, and his only occurrence in Homer, is a passing reference in the Iliad to Zeus striking the ground around where Typhon lies defeated.Hesiod's Theogony gives us the first account of their battle. According to Hesiod, without the quick action of Zeus, Typhon would have "come to reign over mortals and immortals".In the Theogony Zeus and Typhon meet in cataclysmic conflict:[Zeus] thundered hard and mightily: and the earth around resounded terribly and the wide heaven above, and the sea and Ocean's streams and the nether parts of the earth. Great Olympus reeled beneath the divine feet of the king as he arose and earth groaned thereat. And through the two of them heat took hold on the dark-blue sea, through the thunder and lightning, and through the fire from the monster, and the scorching winds and blazing thunderbolt. The whole earth seethed, and sky and sea: and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking. Hades trembled where he rules over the dead below, and the Titans under Tartarus who live with Cronos, because of the unending clamor and the fearful strife.Zeus with his thunderbolt easily overcomes Typhon,who is thrown down to earth in a fiery crash:So when Zeus had raised up his might and seized his arms, thunder and lightning and lurid thunderbolt, he leaped from Olympus and struck him, and burned all the marvellous heads of the monster about him. But when Zeus had conquered him and lashed him with strokes, Typhoeus was hurled down, a maimed wreck, so that the huge earth groaned. And flame shot forth from the thunderstricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount, when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapor and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is shortened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus. Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire.Defeated, Typhon is cast into Tartarus by an angry Zeus.Epimenides (7th or 6th century BC) seeminly knew a different version of the story, in which Typhon enters Zeus' palace while Zeus is asleep, but Zeus awakes and kills Typhon with a thunderbolt.[58] Pindar calls Typhon the "enemy of the gods",[59] apparently knew of a tradition which had the gods transform into animals and flee to Egypt, says that Typhon was defeated by Zeus' thunderbolt,has Typhon being held prisoner by Zeus under Etna,and in Tartarus stretched out under ground between Mount Etna and Cumae. However, the historian Herodotus (5th century BC), equating Typhon with the Egyptian god Set, reports that Typhon was supposed to be buried instead under Lake Serbonis in Egypt, near the Egyptian Mount Kasios, (modern Ra Kouroun).According to Pherecydes of Leros, during his battle with Zeus, Typhon first flees to the Caucasus, which begins to burn, then to the volcanic island of Pithecussae (modern Ischia), off the coast of Cumae, where he is buried under the island.Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd century BC), like Pherecydes, presents a multi-stage battle, with Typhon being struck by Zeus' thunderbolt on mount Caucasus, before fleeing to the mountains and plain of Nysa, and ending up, as in Herodotus, buried under Lake Serbonis.Like Pindar, Nicander has all the gods but Zeus and Athena, transform into animal forms and flee to Egypt: Apollo became a hawk, Hermes an ibis, Ares a fish, Artemis a cat, Dionysus a goat, Heracles a fawn, Hephaestus an ox, and Leto a mouse.[The geographer Strabo (c. 20 AD) gives several locations which were associated with the battle. According to Strabo, Typhon was said to have cut the serpentine channel of the Orontes River, which flowed beneath the Syrian Mount Kasios (modern Jebel Aqra), while fleeing from Zeus,[68] and some placed the battle at Catacecaumene ("Burnt Land"),[69] a volcanic plain, on the upper Gediz River, between the ancient kingdoms of Lydia, Mysia and Phrygia, near Mount Tmolus (modern Bozdağ) and Sardis the ancient capital of Lydia.No early source gives any reason for the conflict, but Apollodorus' account[71] seemingly implies that Typhon had been produced by Gaia to avenge the destruction, by Zeus and the other gods, of the Giants, a previous generation of offspring of Gaia. According to Apollodorus "Zeus pelted Typhon at a distance with thunderbolts, and at close quarters struck him down with an adamantine sickle" Wounded, Typhon fled to the Syrian Mount Kasios, where Zeus "grappled" with him. But Typhon, twining his snaky coils around Zeus, was able to wrest away the sickle and cut the sinews from Zeus' hands and feet. Typhon carried the disabled Zeus across the sea to the Corycian cave in Cilicia where he set the she-serpent Delphyne to guard over Zeus and his severed sinews, which Typhon had hidden in a bear skin. But Hermes and Aegipan (possibly another name for Pan)[73] stole the sinews and gave them back to Zeus. His strength restored, Zeus chased Typhon to mount Nysa, where the Moirai tricked Typhon into eating "ephemeral fruits" which weakened him. Typhon then fled to Thrace, where he threw mountains at Zeus, which were turned back on him by Zeus' thunderbolts, and the mountain where Typhon stood, being drenched with Typhon's blood, became known as Mount Haemus (Bloody Mountain). Typhon then fled to Sicily, where Zeus threw Mount Etna on top of Typhon burying him, and so finally defeated him.Oppian (2nd century AD) says that Pan helped Zeus in the battle by tricking Typhon to come out from his lair, and into the open, by the "promise of a banquet of fish", thus enabling Zeus to defeat Typhon with his thunderbolts.The longest and most involved account of the battle appears in Nonnus's Dionysiaca.Zeus hides his thunderbolts in a cave, so that he might seduce the maiden Plouto, and so produce Tantalus. But smoke rising from the thunderbolts, enables Typhon, under the guidance of Gaia, to locate Zeus's weapons, steal them, and hide them in another cave.[76] Immediately Typhon extends "his clambering hands into the upper air" and begins a long and concerted attack upon the heavens.Then "leaving the air" he turns his attack upon the seas. Finally Typhon attempts to wield Zeus' thunderbolts, but they "felt the hands of a novice, and all their manly blaze was unmanned."Now Zeus' sinews had somehow – Nonnus does not say how or when — fallen to the ground during their battle, and Typhon had taken them also. But Zeus devises a plan with Cadmus and Pan to beguile Typhon.Cadmus, desguised as a shepherd, enchants Typhon by playing the panpipes, and Typhon entrusting the thuderbolts to Gaia, sets out to find the source of the music he hears.[82] Finding Cadmus, he challenges him to a contest, offering Cadmus any goddess as wife, excepting Hera whom Typhon has reserved for himself.Cadmus then tells Typhon that, if he liked the "little tune" of his pipes, then he would love the music of his lyre – if only it could be strung with Zeus' sinews. So Typhon retrieves the sinews and gives them to Cadmus, who hides them in another cave, and again begins to play his bewiching pipes, so that "Typhoeus yielded his whole soul to Cadmos for the melody to charm".With Typhon distracted, Zeus takes back his thunderbolts. Cadmus stops playing, and Typhon, released from his spell, rushes back to his cave to discover the thunderbolts gone. Incensed Typhon unleashes devastation upon the world: animals are devoured, (Typhon's many animal heads each eat animals of its own kind), rivers turned to dust, seas made dry land, and the land "laid waist".The day ends with Typhon yet unchallenged, and while the other gods "moved about the cloudless Nile", Zeus waits through the night for the coming dawn.[87] Victory "reproaches" Zeus, urging him to "stand up as champion of your own children!"Dawn comes and Typhon roars out a challenge to Zeus.And a catyclismic battle for "the sceptre and throne of Zeus" is joined. Typhon piles up mountains as battlements and with his "legions of arms innumerable", showers volley after volley of trees and rocks at Zeus, but all are destroyed, or blown aside, or dodged, or thrown back at Typhon. Typhon throws torrents of water at Zeus' thunderbolts to quench them, but Zeus is able to cut off some of Typhon's hands with "frozen volleys of air as by a knife", and hurling thunderbolts is able to burn more of typhon's "endless hands", and cut off some of his "countless heads". Typhon is attacked by the four winds, and "frozen volleys of jagged hailstones." Gaia tries to aid her burnt and frozen son.Finally Typhon falls, and Zeus shouts out a long stream of mocking taunts, telling Typhon that he is to be buried under Sicily's hills, with a cenotaph over him which will read "This is the barrow of Typhoeus, son of Earth, who once lashed the sky with stones, and the fire of heaven burnt him up".
Burial under Etna and Ischia]
Most accounts have the defeated Typhon buried under either Mount Etna in Sicily, or the volcanic island of Ischia, the largest of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples, with Typhon being the cause of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.Though Hesiod has Typhon simply cast into Tartarus by Zeus, some have read a reference to Mount Etna in Hesiod's description of Typhon's fall:And flame shot forth from the thunderstricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapor and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is shortened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus. Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire.The first certain references to Typhon buried under Etna, as well as being the cause of its eruptions, occur in Pindar:Son of Cronus, you who hold Aetna, the wind-swept weight on terrible hundred-headed Typhon,and: among them is he who lies in dread Tartarus, that enemy of the gods, Typhon with his hundred heads. Once the famous Cilician cave nurtured him, but now the sea-girt cliffs above Cumae, and Sicily too, lie heavy on his shaggy chest. And the pillar of the sky holds him down, snow-covered Aetna, year-round nurse of bitter frost, from whose inmost caves belch forth the purest streams of unapproachable fire. In the daytime her rivers roll out a fiery flood of smoke, while in the darkness of night the crimson flame hurls rocks down to the deep plain of the sea with a crashing roar. That monster shoots up the most terrible jets of fire; it is a marvellous wonder to see, and a marvel even to hear about when men are present. Such a creature is bound beneath the dark and leafy heights of Aetna and beneath the plain, and his bed scratches and goads the whole length of his back stretched out against it.Thus Pindar has Typhon in Tartarus, and buried under not just Etna, but under a vast volcanic region stretching from Sicily to Cumae (in the vicinity of modern Naples), a region which presumably also included Mount Vesuvius, as well as Ischia.Many subsequent accounts mention either Etnaor Ischia. In Prometheus Bound, Typhon is imprisoned underneath Etna, while above him Hephaestus "hammers the molten ore", and in his rage, the "charred" Typhon causes "rivers of fire" to pour forth. Ovid has Typhon buried under all of Sicily, with his left and right hands under Pelorus and Pachynus, his feet under Lilybaeus, and his head under Etna; where he "vomits flames from his ferocious mouth". And Valerius Flaccus has Typhon's head under Etna, and all of Sicily shaken when Typhon "struggles". Lycophron has both Typhon and Giants buried under the island of Ischia. Virgil, Silius Italicus and Claudian, all calling the island "Inarime", have Typhon buried there. Strabo, calling Ischia "Pithecussae", reports the "myth" that Typhon lay buried there, and that when he "turns his body the flames and the waters, and sometimes even small islands containing boiling water, spout forth."Others said to be buried under Etna were the Giant Enceladus, the volcano's eruptions being the breath of Enceladus, and its tremors caused by the Giant rolling over from side to side beneath the mountain,and the Hundred-hander Briareus."Couch of Typhoeus" Homer describes a place he calls the "couch [or bed] of Typhoeus", which he locates in the land of the Arimoi (εἰν Ἀρίμοις), where Zeus lashes the land about Typhoeus with his thunderbolts. Presumably this is the same land where, according to Hesiod, Typhon's mate Echida keeps guard "in Arima" (εἰν Ἀρίμοισιν).But neither Homer nor Hesiod say anything more about where these Arimoi or this Arima might be. The question of whether an historical place was meant, and its possible location, has been, since ancient times, the subject of speculation and debate.Strabo discusses the question in some detail.[everal locales, Cilicia, Syria, Lydia, and the island of Ischia, all places associated with Typhon, are given by Strabo as possible locations for Homer's "Arimoi".
Pindar has his Cilician Typhon slain by Zeus "among the Arimoi",[106] and the historian Callisthenes (4th century BC), located the Arimoi and the Arima mountains in Cilicia, near the Calycadnus river, the Corycian cave and the Sarpedon promomtory.[107] The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, mentioned above, says Typhon was born in Cilicia "under Arimon",[108] and Nonnus mentions Typhon's "bloodstained cave of Arima" in Cilicia.Just across the Gulf of Issus from Corycus, in ancient Syria, was Mount Kasios (modern Jebel Aqra) and the Orontes River, sites associated with Typhon's battle with Zeus,[110] and according to Strabo, the historian Posidonius (c. 2nd century BC) identified the Arimoi with the Aramaeans of Syria.[Alternatively, according to Strabo, some placed the Arimoi at Catacecaumene,[112] while Xanthus of Lydia (5th century BC) added that "a certain Arimus" ruled there.Strabo also tells us that for "some" Homer's "couch of Typhon" was located "in a wooded place, in the fertile land of Hyde", with Hyde being another name for Sardis (or its acropolis), and that Demetrius of Scepsis (2nd century BC) thought that the Arimoi were most plausibly located "in the Catacecaumene country in Mysia".[114] The 3rd-century BC poet Lycophron placed the lair of Typhons' mate Echidna in this region.[115]
Another place, mentioned by Strabo, as being associated with Arima, is the island of Ischia, where according to Pherecydes of Leros, Typhon had fled, and in the area where Pindar and others had said Typhon was buried. The connection to Arima, comes from the island's Greek name Pithecussae, which derives from the Greek word for monkey, and according to Strabo, residents of the island said that "arimoi" was also the Etruscan word for monkeys.[116]
Etymology and origins Typhon's name has a number of variants.[117] The earliest forms of Typhoeus and Typhaon, occur prior to the 5th century BC. Homer uses Typhoeus, Hesiod and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo use both Typhoeus and Typhaon. The later forms Typhos and Typhon occur from the 5th century BC onwards, with Typhon becoming the standard form by the end of that century. Though several possible derivations of the name Typhon have been suggested, the derivation remains uncertain.[118] Consistent with Hesiod's making storm winds Typhon's offspring, some have supposed that Typhon was originally a wind-god, and ancient sources associated him with the Greek words tuphon, tuphos meaning "whirlwind".Other theories include derivation from a Greek root meaning "smoke" (consistent with Typhon's identification with volcanoes),from an Indo European root meaning "abyss" (making Typhon a "Serpent of the Deep"),and from Sapõn the Phoenician name for the Ugaritic god Baal's holy mountain Jebel Aqra (the classical Mount Kasios) associated with the epithet Baʿal Zaphon.
As noted by Herodotus, Typhon was traditionally identified with the Egyptian Set, who was also known to the Greeks as Typhon. As early as pre-dynastic Egypt, Set's mascot or emblem was the Set animal; the Greeks and later classicists referred to this unidentified aardvark-like creature as the Typhonic beast. In the Orphic tradition, just as Set is responsible for the murder of Osiris, Typhon leads the Titans when they attack and kill Dionysus, who also became identified with the earlier Osiris.Mythologist Joseph Campbell also makes parallels to the slaying of Leviathan by YHWH, about which YHWH boasts to Job.[123] Ogden calls the Typhon myth "the only Graeco-Roman drakōn-slaying myth that can seriously be argued to exhibit the influence of Near Eastern antecedents", connecting it in particular with Baʿal Zaphon's slaying of Yammu and Lotan, as well as with the Hittite myth of Illuyankas.From its first reappearance, this latter myth has been seen as a prototype of the battle of Zeus and Typhon.Walter Burkert and Calvert Watkins each note the close agreements.Comparisons can also be drawn with the Mesopotamian monster Tiamat and her slaying by Babylonian chief god Marduk. The similarities between the Greek myth and its earlier Mesopotamian counterpart do not seem to be merely accidental. A number of west Semitic (Ras Shamra) and Hittite sources appear to corroborate the theory of a genetic relationship between the two myths.In works of culture. Dante Alighieri's Inferno mentions him amongst the Biblical and mythological giants frozen onto the rings outside of Hell's Circle of Treachery. Dante and Virgil threatened to go to Tityos and Typhon unless Antaeus lowers them into the Circle of Treachery. Typhon (as Typhoeus) appears in Gustav Klimt's 1902 Beethoven Frieze as one of "the Hostile Forces".
Typhon is a recurring character in Hercules: The Legendary Journeys, where he is a friend and ally to Hercules, and a calming influence on Echidna and their children. Typhon appears in the 2007 video game, God of War II where the main character Kratos tries to enlist his aid. The Titan refuses and Kratos blinds Typhon and takes his magical bow, Typhon's Bane.Swedish symphonic metal band Therion dedicated a song to Typhon in their year 2004 album Lemuria.
The moustached Patroclus squats on his shield. The beardless Achilles crouches down to don - around his comrade's arrow-injured left upper arm - a white, two-rolled bandage.
Patroclus has obviously been wounded by the arrow in the bottom left of the icon which both of the heroes seem to stare at. Patroclus looks straight at the feathers of the cubit-long arrow, Achilles' line of sight seems to go to the heart-shaped arrowhead.
The seven letters ΑΧΥΛΕΥϚ are written clockwise, the nine letters ϚΟΛΚΟΡΤΑΠ anticlockwise. The spelling of the word Achilles as AXYLEYS is homeric; the use of capital letters archaic; especially the capital letter Stigma {_Ϛ_} at both of the endings of their hellenic names is striking.
This piece of pottery is incribed with ΣΟΣΙΑΣ ΕΠΟΙΗΣΕΝ ('Sosias created (it)'). His kylix was discovered in Vulci and is exhibited in Altes Museum, Berlin.
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► Harmodius was in the flower of youth, and Aristogeiton, a citizen of the middle class, became his Lover ... γενομένου δὲ Ἁρμοδίου ὥρᾳ ἡλικίας λαμπροῦ Ἀριστογείτων ἀνὴρ τῶν ἀστῶν, μέσος πολίτης, ἐραστὴς ὢν εἶχεν αὐτόν. (Thucydides Histories 6.54)
► Harmodios (Ἁρμόδιος) & Aristogeiton (Ἀριστογείτων) --> Cassius & Brutus were two men from ancient Athens. They became known as the Tyrannicides (τυραννοκτόνοι) after they killed the Peisistratid tyrant Hipparchus, and were the preeminent symbol of democracy to ancient Athenians....The principal historical sources covering the two are Thucydides in his History of the Peloponnesian War (VI, 56-59) and The Constitution of the Athenians (XVIII) attributed to Aristotle or his school, ... Herodotus (Histories, Book V. 55) claimed that Harmodius and Aristogeiton presumably were "Gephyraeans" i.e. Boeotians of Syrian or Phoenician origin. Plutarch in his book On the malice of Herodotus criticized Herodotus for prejudice and misrepresentation and he argued that Harmodius and Aristogeiton were Euboeans or Eretrians.[
.... haben im Jahr 514 v. Chr. in Athen den Tyrannen Hipparch ermordet.... Nachdem Peisistratos im Jahr 528 in hohem Alter eines natürlichen Todes gestorben war, ging die Herrschaft auf seine Söhne über. Es gibt keine Anzeichen dafür, dass in diesem Moment die Tyrannis der Peisistratiden gefährdet gewesen wäre. Von nun an hielt Hippias als der Ältere die Herrschaft in seinen Händen, an der aber auch Hipparch beteiligt war. [...] Zu einer Gefährdung ihrer Herrschaft kam es erst, als Hipparch, der „lebenslustige und zu Liebschaften geneigte“ jüngere Tyrann, Harmodios kennenlernte, einen Aristokraten aus der Familie der Gephyräer. Um ihn, den Thukydides mit den Worten charakterisiert, er sei von einer „strahlenden Jugend“ gewesen, bemühte sich Hipparch nach Kräften. Seine Anträge aber blieben erfolglos, weil Harmodios seinem Liebhaber Aristogeiton die Treue hielt.
Nach dem Tod Cäsars versuchten die Athener, sich auf die richtige Seite zu stellen. Um Cassius und Brutus auszuzeichnen, haben sie die Heroen ihrer Geschichte ins Spiel gebracht, Harmodios und Aristogeiton, die Athen von der Tyrannis befreit haben sollten. Ein Fragment der Inschrift von der Basis der Brutus-Statue ist 1936 gefunden worden und belegt, dass die Zeit zwischen der Ankunft des Brutus in Griechenland im August 44 v. Chr. und den Niederlagen der Cäsarmörder bei Philippi im Oktober und November 42 v. Chr. ausgereicht hat, den Beschluss auch auszuführen.
Später erst konnte man wissen, dass Cassius und Brutus mit ihrem Attentat letztlich erfolglos bleiben sollten, dass sie zwar Cäsar ermorden, aber die Monarchie in Rom nicht verhindern konnten. Bis zum Anschlag auf Cäsar waren Harmodios und Aristogeiton, wie Cicero schreibt, auch in Rom »in aller Munde«. Dann aber wurde die Tat von Cassius und Brutus zu dem Attentat der Antike, auf das man in Zukunft Bezug nahm, um das Problem von Tyrannenherrschaft und Tyrannenmord zu diskutieren. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden dann Harmodios und Aristogeiton nur noch selten erwähnt.
After the establishment of democracy, Cleisthenes commissioned the sculptor Antenor to produce a bronze statue group of Harmodius and Aristogeiton... ---> Philosophie und Politik im archaischen und klassischen Griechenland, SoSe2011, Frieder Otto Wolf
► Socrates & Alcibiades ?
Aeschylus Μυρμιδόνες: Achilles & Patroclus {-(Pseudo-)Lukian, Ἔρωτες 54
ἐρωτικὸς γὰρ ἦν, εἴπερ τις, καὶ ὁ Σωκράτης, καὶ ὑπὸ μίαν Ἀλκιβιάδης αὐτῷ χλανίδα κλιθεὶς οὐκ ἀπλὴξ ἀνέστη. καὶ μὴ θαυμάσῃς· οὐδὲ γὰρ ὁ Πάτροκλος ὑπ᾽ Ἀχιλλέως ἠγαπᾶτο μέχρι τοῦ καταντικρὺ καθέζεσθαι
// δέγμενος Αἰακίδην, ὁπότε λήξειεν ἀείδων, //
{{quotation out of Homer's Ilias 9.191}}
ἀλλ᾽ ἦν καὶ τῆς ἐκείνων φιλίας μεσῖτις ἡδονή· στένων γοῦν Ἀχιλλεὺς τὸν Πατρόκλου θάνατον ἀταμιεύτῳ πάθει πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν ἀπερράγη,
// μηρῶν τε τῶν σῶν εὐσέβησ᾽ ὁμιλίαν //
// κλαίων ..............................................//
{{ quotation out of Aeschylus' Μυρμιδόνες}}
τούς γε μὴν ὀνομαζομένους παρ᾽ Ἕλλησιν κωμαστὰς οὐδὲν ἀλλ᾽ ἢ δήλους ἐραστὰς νομίζω. τάχα φήσει τις αἰσχρὰ ταῦτ᾽ εἶναι λέγεσθαι, πλὴν ἀληθῆ γε νὴ τὴν Κνιδίαν Ἀφροδίτην.
Translation of 'Amores' by A.M. Harmon (Loeb edition):
For Socrates was as devoted to love as anyone and Alcibiades, once he had lain down beneath the same mantle with him, did not rise unassailed. Don't be surprised at that. For not even the affection of Achilles for Patroclus was limited to having him seated opposite "waiting until Aeacides should cease his song." No, pleasure was the mediator even of their friendship. At any rate, when Achilles was lamenting the death of Patroclus, his unrestrained feelings made him burst out with the truth and say,
// "The converse of our thighs my tears do mourn //
// With duteous piety ............ .......................... ... " //
Those whom the Greeks call "revellers" I think to be nothing but ostentatious lovers. Perhaps someone will assert this is a shameful thing to say, but, by Aphrodite of Cnidus, it's the truth.
► Socrates & Protagoras ?
[309α] Platonis Opera, ed. John Burnet. Oxford University Press. 1903.
Ἑταῖρος
πόθεν, ὦ Σώκρατες, φαίνῃ; ἢ δῆλα δὴ ὅτι ἀπὸ κυνηγεσίου τοῦ περὶ τὴν Ἀλκιβιάδου ὥραν; καὶ μήν μοι καὶ πρῴην ἰδόντι καλὸς μὲν ἐφαίνετο ἀνὴρ ἔτι, ἀνὴρ μέντοι, ὦ Σώκρατες, ὥς γ᾽ ἐν αὐτοῖς ἡμῖν εἰρῆσθαι, καὶ πώγωνος ἤδη ὑποπιμπλάμενος.
Σωκράτης
εἶτα τί τοῦτο; οὐ σὺ μέντοι Ὁμήρου ἐπαινέτης εἶ, [309β] ὃς ἔφη χαριεστάτην ἥβην εἶναι τοῦ ὑπηνήτου, ἣν νῦν Ἀλκιβιάδης ἔχει;
Ἑταῖρος
τί οὖν τὰ νῦν; ἦ παρ᾽ ἐκείνου φαίνῃ; καὶ πῶς πρός σε ὁ νεανίας διάκειται;
Σωκράτης
εὖ, ἔμοιγε ἔδοξεν, οὐχ ἥκιστα δὲ καὶ τῇ νῦν ἡμέρᾳ: καὶ γὰρ πολλὰ ὑπὲρ ἐμοῦ εἶπε βοηθῶν ἐμοί, καὶ οὖν καὶ ἄρτι ἀπ᾽ ἐκείνου ἔρχομαι. ἄτοπον μέντοι τί σοι ἐθέλω εἰπεῖν: παρόντος γὰρ ἐκείνου, οὔτε προσεῖχον τὸν νοῦν, ἐπελανθανόμην τε αὐτοῦ θαμά.
Ἑταῖρος
καὶ τί ἂν γεγονὸς εἴη περὶ σὲ κἀκεῖνον τοσοῦτον πρᾶγμα; οὐ γὰρ δήπου τινὶ καλλίονι ἐνέτυχες ἄλλῳ ἔν γε τῇδε τῇ πόλει.
[309δ]
Σωκράτης
σοφωτάτῳ μὲν οὖν δήπου τῶν γε νῦν, εἴ σοι δοκεῖ σοφώτατος εἶναι Πρωταγόρας.
Ἑταῖρος
ὢ τί λέγεις; Πρωταγόρας ἐπιδεδήμηκεν;
Σωκράτης
τρίτην γε ἤδη ἡμέραν.
Ἑταῖρος
καὶ ἄρτι ἄρα ἐκείνῳ συγγεγονὼς ἥκεις;
καὶ πολύ γε.
Ἑταῖρος
τί φῄς; ἀστῷ ἢ ξένῳ;
Σωκράτης
ξένῳ.
Ἑταῖρος
ποδαπῷ;
Σωκράτης
Ἀβδηρίτῃ.
Ἑταῖρος
καὶ οὕτω καλός τις ὁ ξένος ἔδοξέν σοι εἶναι, ὥστε τοῦ Κλεινίου ὑέος καλλίων σοι φανῆναι;
Σωκράτης
πῶς δ᾽ οὐ μέλλει, ὦ μακάριε, τὸ σοφώτατον κάλλιον φαίνεσθαι;
Ἑταῖρος
ἀλλ᾽ ἦ σοφῷ τινι ἡμῖν, ὦ Σώκρατες, ἐντυχὼν πάρει; [309δ]
Σωκράτης
σοφωτάτῳ μὲν οὖν δήπου τῶν γε νῦν, εἴ σοι δοκεῖ σοφώτατος εἶναι Πρωταγόρας.
Ἑταῖρος
ὢ τί λέγεις; Πρωταγόρας ἐπιδεδήμηκεν;
Σωκράτης
τρίτην γε ἤδη ἡμέραν.
Ἑταῖρος
καὶ ἄρτι ἄρα ἐκείνῳ συγγεγονὼς ἥκεις; [310α]
Σωκράτης
πάνυ γε, πολλὰ καὶ εἰπὼν καὶ ἀκούσας.
Ἑταῖρος
τί οὖν οὐ διηγήσω ἡμῖν τὴν συνουσίαν, εἰ μή σέ τι κωλύει, καθεζόμενος ἐνταυθί, ἐξαναστήσας τὸν παῖδα τουτονί;
Σωκράτης
πάνυ μὲν οὖν: καὶ χάριν γε εἴσομαι, ἐὰν ἀκούητε.
Ἑταῖρος
καὶ μὴν καὶ ἡμεῖς σοί, ἐὰν λέγῃς.
Σωκράτης
διπλῆ ἂν εἴη ἡ χάρις. ἀλλ᾽ οὖν ἀκούετε.
τῆς γὰρ παρελθούσης νυκτὸς ταυτησί, ἔτι βαθέος ὄρθρου, Ἱπποκράτης, ὁ Ἀπολλοδώρου ὑὸς Φάσωνος δὲ ἀδελφός, τὴν
TRANSLATION
Friend
Where have you been now, Socrates? Ah, but of course you have been in chase of Alcibiades and his youthful beauty! Well, only the other day, as I looked at him, I thought him still handsome as a man—for a man he is, Socrates, between you and me, and with quite a growth of beard.
Socrates
And what of that? Do you mean to say you do not approve of Homer (-->Hom. Il. 24.348), [309b] who said that youth has highest grace in him whose beard is appearing, as now in the case of Alcibiades?
Friend
Then how is the affair at present? Have you been with him just now? And how is the young man treating you? [309c]
Friend
Why, what can have happened between you and him? Something serious! For surely you did not find anyone else of greater beauty there,—no, not in our city.
Socrates
Yes, of far greater.
Friend
What do you say? One of our people, or a foreigner?
Socrates
A foreigner.
Friend
Of what city?
Socrates
Abdera.
Friend
And you found this foreigner so beautiful that he appeared to you of greater beauty than the son of Cleinias?
Socrates
Why, my good sir, must not the wisest appear more beautiful?
Friend
Do you mean it was some wise man that you met just now?
Socrates
Quite well, I considered, and especially so today: for he spoke a good deal on my side, supporting me in a discussion—in fact I have only just left him. However, there is a strange thing I have to tell you: although he was present, I not merely paid him no attention, but at times forgot him altogether.
Friend
Why, what can have happened between you and him? Something serious! For surely you did not find anyone else of greater beauty there,—no, not in our city.
Socrates
Yes, of far greater.
Friend
What do you say? One of our people, or a foreigner?
Socrates
A foreigner.
Friend
Of what city?
Socrates
Abdera.
Friend
And you found this foreigner so beautiful that he appeared to you of greater beauty than the son of Cleinias?
Socrates
Why, my good sir, must not the wisest appear more beautiful?
Friend
Do you mean it was some wise man that you met just now? [309d]
Socrates
Nay, rather the wisest of our generation, I may tell you, if “wisest” is what you agree to call Protagoras.
Friend
Ah, what a piece of news! Protagoras come to town!
Socrates
Yes, two days ago.
Friend
And it was his company that you left just now?
Socrates
Yes, and a great deal I said to him, and he to me.
Friend
Then do let us hear your account of the conversation at once, if you are disengaged take my boy's place,1 and sit here.
Socrates
Very good indeed, I shall be obliged to you, if you will listen.
Friend
And we also to you, I assure you, if you will tell us.
Socrates
A twofold obligation. Well now, listen. During this night just past, in the small hours, Hippocrates, son of Apollodorus and brother of Phason, knocked violently at my door with his stick,
ARGEIPHONTES = κούρος αἰσυμνητῆρ (young prince).... πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη. @ Hom. Il. 24.345ff
τὴν μετὰ χερσὶν ἔχων πέτετο κρατὺς ἀργεϊφόντης.
αἶψα δ᾽ ἄρα Τροίην τε καὶ Ἑλλήσποντον ἵκανε,
βῆ δ᾽ ἰέναι κούρῳ αἰσυμνητῆρι ἐοικὼς
πρῶτον ὑπηνήτῃ, τοῦ περ χαριεστάτη ἥβη.
With this in his hand the strong Argeiphontes flew, and quickly came to Troy-land and the Hellespont. Then went he his way in the likeness of a young man that is a prince, with the first down upon his lip, in whom the charm of youth is fairest.
ὑπην-ήτης , ου, ὁ,
*A. [select] one that is just getting a beard (cf. foreg.), πρῶτον ὑ. a youth with his first beard, Il.24.348, Od.10.279, cf. Pl.Prt.309b (quoting Homer), Him.Ecl.13.24, al.; Ἑρμῆς ὑ., opp. Ζεὺς γενειήτης, Luc. Sacr.11: generally, bearded, “τράγος” AP6.32 (Agath.).
► Prometheus & Atlas ?
www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Aesch.+PB+425&f...
μόνον δὴ πρόσθεν ἄλλον ἐν πόνοις
δαμέντ᾽ ἀδαμαντοδέτοις
Τιτᾶνα λύμαις εἰσιδόμαν, θεόν,
Ἄτλαντος αἰὲν ὑπέροχον σθένος κραταιόν,
ὃς οὐράνιόν πόλον
νώτοις στέγων ὑποστενάζει
www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.0...:
One other Titan god before this I have seen in distress, enthralled in torment by adamantine bonds—Atlas, pre-eminent in mighty strength, who moans as he supports the vault of heaven on his back.
► Patroclus & Achilles ?
....οὐχ ὥσπερ Ἀχιλλέα τὸν τῆς Θέτιδος ὑὸν ἐτίμησαν καὶ εἰς μακάρων νήσους ἀπέπεμψαν, ὅτι πεπυσμένος παρὰ τῆς μητρὸς ὡς ἀποθανοῖτο ἀποκτείνας Ἕκτορα, μὴ ποιήσας δὲ τοῦτο οἴκαδε ἐλθὼν γηραιὸς τελευτήσοι, ἐτόλμησεν ἑλέσθαι βοηθήσας τῷ ἐραστῇ Πατρόκλῳ καὶ
[180α] τιμωρήσας οὐ μόνον ὑπεραποθανεῖν ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπαποθανεῖν τετελευτηκότι: ὅθεν δὴ καὶ ὑπεραγασθέντες οἱ θεοὶ διαφερόντως αὐτὸν ἐτίμησαν, ὅτι τὸν ἐραστὴν οὕτω περὶ πολλοῦ ἐποιεῖτο. Αἰσχύλος δὲ φλυαρεῖ φάσκων Ἀχιλλέα Πατρόκλου ἐρᾶν, ὃς ἦν καλλίων οὐ μόνον Πατρόκλου ἀλλ᾽ ἅμα καὶ τῶν ἡρώων ἁπάντων, καὶ ἔτι ἀγένειος, ἔπειτα νεώτερος πολύ, ὥς φησιν Ὅμηρος. ἀλλὰ γὰρ τῷ ὄντι μάλιστα μὲν ταύτην τὴν ἀρετὴν οἱ θεοὶ τιμῶσιν τὴν περὶ [180β] τὸν ἔρωτα, μᾶλλον μέντοι θαυμάζουσιν καὶ ἄγανται καὶ εὖ ποιοῦσιν ὅταν ὁ ἐρώμενος τὸν ἐραστὴν ἀγαπᾷ, ἢ ὅταν ὁ ἐραστὴς τὰ παιδικά. θειότερον γὰρ ἐραστὴς παιδικῶν: ἔνθεος γάρ ἐστι. διὰ ταῦτα καὶ τὸν Ἀχιλλέα τῆς Ἀλκήστιδος μᾶλλον ἐτίμησαν, εἰς μακάρων νήσους ἀποπέμψαντες.
οὕτω δὴ ἔγωγέ φημι ἔρωτα θεῶν καὶ πρεσβύτατον καὶ τιμιώτατον καὶ κυριώτατον εἶναι εἰς ἀρετῆς καὶ εὐδαιμονίας κτῆσιν ἀνθρώποις καὶ ζῶσι καὶ τελευτήσασιν. [180ξ] Φαῖδρον μὲν τοιοῦτόν τινα λόγον ἔφη εἰπεῖν, ...
Translation by Harold N. Fowler of Plat. Sym. 179e...
... whereas Achilles, son of Thetis, they honored and sent to his place in the Isles of the Blest {{2: --> Pindar Oden 2.78ff. but Homer Odyssee 11.467ff., places him in Hades}}, because having learnt from his mother that he would die as surely as he slew Hector {{3:--> Homer Ilias 18.96}} but if he slew him not, would return home and end his days an aged man, he bravely chose to go and rescue his lover Patroclus,[180a] avenged him, and sought death not merely in his behalf but in haste to be joined with him whom death had taken. For this the gods so highly admired him that they gave him distinguished honor, since he set so great a value on his lover. And Aeschylus{{1:-->Aeschylus Myrmidones fr. 135-136}} talks nonsense when he says that it was Achilles who was in love with Patroclus; for he excelled in beauty not Patroclus alone but assuredly all the other heroes, being still beardless and, moreover, much the younger, by Homer's account {{2:-->Hom. Il. 11.786: 'My child, in birth is Achilles nobler than thou, but thou art the elder though in might he is the better far ...'}} For in truth [180b] there is no sort of valor more respected by the gods than this which comes of love; yet they are even more admiring and delighted and beneficent when the beloved is fond of his lover than when the lover is fond of his favorite; since a lover, filled as he is with a god, surpasses his favorite in divinity. This is the reason why they honored Achilles above Alcestis, giving him his abode in the Isles of the Blest.
“So there is my description of Love—that he is the most venerable and valuable of the gods, and that he has sovereign power to provide all virtue and happiness for men whether living or departed.” [180c] 3Such in the main was Phaedrus' speech as reported to me ...
► Solon & Peisistratos ?
διὸ καὶ φανερῶς ληροῦσιν οἱ φάσκοντες ͅͅ ἐρώμενον εἶναι Πεισίστρατον Σόλωνος, καὶ στρατηγεῖν ἐν τῷ πρὸς Μεγαρέας πολέμῳ περὶ Σαλαμῖνος: οὐ γὰρ ἐνδέχεται ταῖς ἡλικίαις, ἐάν τις ἀναλογίζηται τὸν ἑκατέρου βίον καὶ ἐφ᾽ οὗ ἀπέθανεν ἄρχοντος. - Therefore the story that Peisistratus was a lover of Solon and that he commanded in the war against Megara for the recovery of Salamis is clearly nonsense, for it is made impossible by their ages, if one reckons up the life of each and the archonship in which he died. Aristototle, Athenian Constitution 17,2
www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A19...
► furthermore confer: ► Athenaios XIII 75 ► Xenophon
other photographs, same motive:
► . @ ЯAFIK ♋ BERLIN
► Achilles & Patroclus @ hornitologist Don’t be fooled by Hollywood’s claims of brotherly love; Achilles and Patroclus were definitely lovers.
► Achilles and Patroclus ... Patroclus, the son of Menoitius, is both Achilles' cousin and his foster brother ... This close familial relationship, along with the traditional role of a Greek hero to act more boldly than an ordinary mortal, may be sufficient to explain the depth and violence of Achilles' reaction to his comrade's death, but not the fact they were buried in the same tomb with their bones mingled.
► image on a contemporary, greek stamp
Achilles then organized an athletic competition to honour his dead friend and/or lover, which included a chariot race (won by Diomedes), boxing (won by Epeios), wrestling (a draw between Telamonian Aias and Odysseus), a foot race (won by Odysseus), a duel (a draw between Aias and Diomedes), a discus throw (won by Polypoites), an archery contest (won by Meriones), and a javelin throw (won by Agamemnon, unopposed). The games are described in Book 23 of the Iliad ...
The death of Achilles is given in sources others than the Iliad. His body was given a funeral pyre. His bones were mingled with those of Patroclus so that the two would be companions in death as in life.Their remains were tranferred to Leuke island of the Black Sea.
As predicted by Hector with his dying breath, Achilles was thereafter killed by Paris - either by an arrow (to the heel according to Statius), or in an older version by a knife to the back while visiting Polyxena, a princess of Troy. In some versions, the god Apollo guided Paris' arrow.
Both versions conspicuously deny the killer any sort of valor owing to the common conception that Paris was a coward and not the man his brother Hector was, and Achilles remains undefeated on the battlefield. His bones are mingled with those of Patroclus, and funeral games are held. He was represented in the lost Trojan War epic of Arctinus of Miletus as living after his death in the island of Leuke at the mouth of the Danube ... Leuce had also a reputation as a place of healing. Pausanias reports that the Delphic Pythia sent a lord of Croton to be cured of a chest wound { --> Peleus entrusted Achilles to the healer & teacher Chiron, on Mt. Pelion, to be raised.<--}
Some say that when Achilles was born, his mother, Thetis, dipped him in the river Styx, to make him invulnerable to all weapons. But as she did so, she held him by the heel, which never got wet, and there it was that the fatal arrow hit him. Others say it is not so, that Thetis plunged him into fire hoping to make him immortal like herself, but his father, Peleus, king of Phthia, came into the room and interrupted her. Furious at his meddling, the mother took off and returned to the ocean, her former abode. Peleus, now needing a tutor for the boy, took the baby to his friend Cheiron, the wise centaur who had raised so many other heroes. The boy grew up fed on the marrow of bears to gain courage, and on the marrow of fawns, to be a speedy runner. At the age of six he killed his first wild boar, and was able to outrun wild deer at the hunts. He grew up to be the bravest, handsomest and swiftest of the heroes.
When fair Helen was taken by Paris, the Trojan prince, and all of Greece rose up to return her to her rightful home, golden-haired Achilles led the Greek armies in the siege of Troy, and fought well for nine years, but time came when he refused to fight besides the other heroes. Agamemnon, the Greek general, had taken lovely Briseis away from him by force, the girl which had fallen to his lot as spoils of war and was his favorite slave. "Go ahead, Agamemnon, rob me of my rightful prize," said Achilles, his heart black with anger, "but know that the Greeks shall look for me in their hour of need, and shall not find me!" And so brave Achilles sat in his tent as the fighting raged on the battlefield, and as hero after hero perished under the attacks of Hector, the Trojan general, and his troops. And the Greeks would have perished to the last man, had not Achilles been stirred by one thing and one thing only: his love for Patroclus, his bosom friend and lover. Only when his partner was torn from him by death did he return to the field of battle, to avenge him whom he cherished above all others.
They had been friends from childhood, from the days when Achilles had returned from the forest to live in the house of his father. One day Menoetius, an old friend of his father, came to the court of King Peleus to seek refuge. It seems his young son, Patroclus, had fought with a friend of his over a game of dice, and without meaning to, had killed the other boy. Menoetius and Peleus had sailed together on the Argos, and were good friends, so refuge was granted to the two weary travelers. Later Peleus held holy ceremony and purified Patroclus of his crime. The youth was appointed squire to Achilles. They soon became the best of friends, and later lovers.
His mother, being a goddess, knew that a great war was to take place between the Greeks and the Trojans. And she also knew that if her son went to fight against the Trojans he would die. So she sent Achilles to the court of King Lycomedes, where he was dressed as a girl and hidden with the king's daughters. It was a good trick, but the Greek generals were wilier still. The seer Calchas had already warned them that they would never take Troy without the help of the young son of King Peleus. So three of them, among whom Ulysses, journeyed forth to Skyros, the island of King Lycomedes, where it was rumored the boy was hidden. The king bade them search where they liked, and they found nothing, but Ulysses thought up a ruse. He brought a pile of gifts to the women's quarters, among which he hid a shield and a spear. While the girls were picking through the fineries he had an accomplice sound the war trumpet. Achilles, thinking the island was under attack, stripped off his women's clothes and picked up the weapons. Once he had been discovered, Lycomedes let him take his leave, and he was appointed admiral of the Greek fleet. He was still only fifteen years old. Nonetheless, while living among the king's daughters he had fallen in love with one of them, Deidameia by name, and had left her with child. Later, after the Greek fleet had set sail for Troy the ships were scattered by a storm, and Achilles took advantage of the delay to return to Skyros to marry Deidameia.
Soon thereafter the ships gathered again, and sailed for Troy, which they reached after many hardships. Achilles was not unaccompanied: Patroclus had been sent to watch over him, and from then on they were inseparable. In praying to the gods, Achilles would ask them to rid the world of all mankind, except for Patroclus and himself. Even so, Achilles kept on falling in love: as soon as the Greeks reached the Trojan shore, they joined battle with the defenders. Among them was Troilus, the nineteen year old son of Priam, the king of Troy. It had been foretold that if he lived to the age of twenty, Troy would not fall, but that was not to be. Achilles was overtaken with desire for him as they were fighting. "I will kill you, unless you yield to my caresses," threatened the hero. The youth refused, and ran to hide inside a temple of Apollo, but Achilles barged in, offending the god, and since the young man still resisted, beheaded him upon the altar.
After landing at Troy the Greeks found that the citadel was too strong to attack, so they spent the next nine years sacking the surrounding cities. Achilles was always in the forefront of the battles, and time and again he and his men, the Myrmidons, led the Greeks to victory. With him in command, the Greeks took more than twenty towns, and towards the end of the ninth year of battle the city of Lyrnessus fell. Briseis, a royal princess, was taken captive, and when the spoils were parceled out she fell to Achilles. She was not his for long. When Agamemnon had to give up his own concubine to appease the gods his fury knew no bounds, and he took his rage out on Achilles by seizing Briseis. From then on Achilles swore he would have no part of the war, and pulled his men out of the ranks. Now the Greeks' luck turned, and the Trojans had the upper hand.
Agamemnon bitterly repented, and sent men to beg Achilles to return to battle, and to promise him the return of Briseis. Achilles would have none of it, and things looked grim for the Greeks. With the Trojans about to set fire to the Greek ships, Patroclus asked Achilles to borrow his armor, so that being seen in it he might strike fear into the hearts of the Trojans. Achilles consented, but warned Patroclus to come back as soon as he had driven the Trojans away from the ships. In the heat of battle Patroclus did not heed his friend's advice, and pushed the enemy back to the very walls of Troy. Apollo, patron of the Trojans, had to step in and knock Patroclus back, and then Hector finished him off with a single blow.
When Achilles heard the bitter news he cried and rolled in the dust with grief. His friends brought back Patroclus' body from battle field, but he would not let them bury it. He lay down on top of it, holding it in his arms, sobbing helplessly. His own mother, Thetis, came to comfort him: "My child, how long will you keep on crying your eyes out in sorrow, forgetting food and sleep? It is a good thing to lie in love with women too." But Achilles could think of nothing but his lost companion, and bitterly he reproached him for squandering his life: "You had no consideration for my pure reverence of your thighs, ungrateful after all our frequent kisses."
And then Achilles rose up, donned the new armor that his mother had brought, fresh from the forges of the god Hephaistos, and plunged back into battle, routing the Trojans and slaying Hector, their general and the oldest son of King Priam. Soon thereafter it was his turn to die, at the hands of Paris, Hector's brother, who pierced his heel with a poisoned arrow guided by Apollo, who had not forgotten the death of Troilus. Thus the prophesy was fulfilled, and Achilles' ghost rejoined his friend's in the Elysian Fields. Their ashes were mixed together in a golden urn, and the Greeks buried them in a common tomb.
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In the first century CE - when everywhere
{ -->Great Dover Street Gladiatrix found in 2000 in Londinium <--}
in the Roman Empire slaves and women began to fight for their emancipation - his name was often turned into the female form of 'Achillia' which is attested on a relief from Halicarnassus as the name of a gladiatrix fighting against another gladiatrix named 'Amazon'. Both were eventually emancipated ('apelythsan') for their brave spectacle of Achilles' war against Penthesilea and their amazons ..
How To Prevent Achilles Tendonitis
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► photocredits: ◄
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►► commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Patroclus,_injured_by_an_... since 28th April 2010
►► Achilles and Patroclus @ mashpedia
►► A History of Medicine: Early Greek, Hindu, and Persian Medicine Von Henry E. Sigerist, 1961.
►► achilles heal | Patroclus | wound first aid @answerbag
►► bandage wallpaper @ myxer
►► oedipusphinx has added a photo to the pool 28th April 2010 @ freeraider
►► photo post via flickr-API 13th May 2010 @excel.learn
►► 1280 x 1280 dissolution in pixel@everystockphoto]
►► 画像@igosso
►► What is the signeficance of the adhesive bandage “Band-aid Brand” ?@healthun
►► DESCRIPTION of the kylix @ Antikenmuseen Berlin: Achilles tending the wounded Patroklos
►► photo post via flickr-API 17th July 2010 @ fotopedia
►► On Love and Friendship 1st February 2011. LifetimeReader @ Lifetime Reading Plan
►► Guide on How to Attract Fine Women Effectively Posted on December 20, 2010 by admin
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“Living Picture” is an art experience in Second Life that combines a short contemporary music video piece and a dance sequence in SL of one or more avatars in phase shift. The video and dance sequences run in a loop, 24/24. I called this technique «phase dancing» in tribute of the «phase music» created by Steve Reich and Terry Riley in the 1960s/70s.
---
Teleport to Joan of Arc | Living Picture #7
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This Living Picture performance is based on the story of Joan of Arc and Bruno Dumont's movie "Jeanne".
The video is an excerpt from Bruno Dumont’s movie «Jeanne», retracing the life of Joan of Arc, portrayed in the film as an innocent, incorruptible and strong child. The scene is the sentencing to death of Joan of Arc.
The music is a song by French singer Christophe.
Here are the lyrics:
“She’ll go to hell with the damned dead,
With the condemned and the abandoned,
She’ll go to hell with the damned dead;
When the straw in hell flies light,
Your body will fly away for the fire to blaze,
Then begins eternity without edge.
In the mad howls of the embraced alive,
In the mad howls of the flayed alive,
In the mad clamors of the damned panic-stricken,
In the howls of all the tormented.
And the mad howls of eternal suffering,
And the mad howls of eternal prayer,
Will be like a silence in the flood of suffering,
Drowned like a silence in the flood of suffering.
As your eternal death is a living death,
A life untouchable, undefeatable and mad,
And eternity will be like a silence.“
---
See the video
The picture of this picture is part of the prompt to create "Joan of Arc's adamantine plea"
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Visit The Carbone Studio
Milena Carbone's art studio
Unreal novels - digital art - virtual dance performance
Web : The Carbone Studio News
Had a wonderfully spontaneous change of plans last night. So instead of watching DVR'd tv shows in my room, Andy and I went to see the Ann Arbor Symphony Orchestra perform Mozart. We had dinner out, grabbed drinks at the bar, then held hands while we lost ourselves in the music. It was really sweet. Much better than tv shows. Which are the plan tonight. :)
This shot kicks off the new theme in Theme of the Week. This week we are doing Mythology. This theme was suggested a long time ago and I was always hoping it would get selected. I was a Classical Civilizations major in undergrad. I was (and still am) completely obsessed with classical Rome and Greece. Primarily Roman culture, but I prefer Greek mythology to Roman mythology, as close as they may be to one another. Today I chose to portray Gaia, known as Mother Earth. Read on for more information.
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Gaia or Gaea, known as Earth or Mother Earth (the Greek common noun for "land" is ge or ga). She was an early earth goddess and it is written that Gaia was born from Chaos, the great void of emptiness within the universe, and with her came Eros. She gave birth to Pontus (the Sea) and Uranus (the Sky). This was achieved parthenogenetically (without male intervention). Other versions say that Gaia had as siblings Tartarus (the lowest part of the earth, below Hades itself) and Eros, and without a mate, gave birth to Uranus (Sky), Ourea (Mountains) and Pontus (Sea).
Gaia took as her husband Uranus, who was also her son, and their offspring included the Titans, six sons and six daughters. She gave birth to the Cyclopes and to three monsters that became known as the "Hecatonchires". The spirits of punishment known as the Erinyes were also offspring of Gaia and Uranus. The Gigantes, finally, were conceived after Uranus had been castrated by his son Cronus, and his blood fell to earth from the open wound.
To protect her children from her husband, (the Cyclopes and the Hecatoncheires, as he was fearful of their great strength), Gaia hid them all within herself. One version says that Uranus was aghast at the sight of his offspring so he hid them away in Tartarus, which are the bowels of the earth. Gaia herself found her offspring uncomfortable and at times painful, when the discomfort became to much to bear she asked her youngest son Cronus to help her. She asked him to castrate Uranus, thus severing the union between the Earth and Sky, and also to prevent more monstrous offspring. To help Cronus achieve his goal Gaia produced an adamantine sickle to serve as the weapon. Cronus hid until Uranus came to lay with Gaia and as Uranus drew near, Cronus struck with the sickle, cutting the genitalia from Uranus. Blood fell from the severed genitals and came in contact with the earth and from that union was born the Erinyes (Furies), the Giants and the Meliae (Nymphs of the manna ash trees).
After the separation of the Earth from the Sky, Gaia gave birth to other offspring, these being fathered by Pontus. Their names were the sea-god Nereus, Thaumas, Phorcys, Ceto and Eurybia. In other versions Gaia had offspring to her brother Tartarus; they were Echidna and Typhon, the later being an enemy of Zeus. Apollo killed Typhon when he took control of the oracle at Delphi, which Gaia originally provided, and then the "Sibyl" sang the oracle in Gaia's shrine.
It was Gaia who saved Zeus from being swallowed by Cronus, after Zeus had been born, Gaia helped Rhea to wrap a stone in swaddling clothes, this was to trick Cronus in to thinking it was Zeus, because Cronus had been informed that one of his children would depose him, and so to get rid of his children he had swallowed them, Gaia's trick worked and Zeus was then taken to Crete.
Gaia being the primordial element from which all the gods originated was worshiped throughout Greece, but later she went into decline and was supplanted by other gods. In Roman mythology she was known as Tellus or Terra.
**Explored**
365 Days (self portraits): Day 299
TOTW: Mythology (Gaia)
This is Dioptase on Calcite, Renéville, Kindanba District, Pool Department, Republic of the Congo at the Tucson Gem & Mineral Show.
www.mindat.org/loc-232794.html
A group of 3 prospects located 3 km north of the village of Reneville.
Demetrius Pohl, www.mindat.org/mesg-6-234115.html: The mine consists of three old prospects which probably produced less than 100,000 tonnes of ore. The largest is the Indus Mine, a couple of hundred meters to the north is the much smaller Amelie working and then to the south is an adit called Bel. From what I can see, only the Indus workings produced any significant specimens. Blocks of limestone veined with cuprite, malachite, dioptase and rare plancheite were found in trenches dug by NGEX Resources but no in situ material was found.
fineart.ha.com/c/search/results.zx?dept=1544&sold_sta...
Dioptase on Calcite
Renéville, Kindanba District, Pool Department, Republic of the Congo 19 x 13 x 4 cm (7.48 x 5.12 x 1.57 in) From the collection of Daniel "Dan" R. Kennedy.
This astonishing, three-dimensional, cabinet-sized cast is almost completely covered on both sides by a highly-crystallized, glittering druze of sharp prismatic Dioptase crystals that reach up to a respectable 2.0 centimeters. The largest and best-formed of these crystals are presented on the front side of the specimen. As an accent to the Dioptase's rich emerald-green color, small crystals of brilliant white Calcite are scattered across the front side of the specimen. There is a small pocket of negative space on the specimen's interior and small patches of bright green Malachite covering some of the Dioptase crystals. This piece comes with a custom acrylic base.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptase
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptase
Dioptase is an intense emerald-green to bluish-green mineral that is cyclosilicate of copper. It is transparent to translucent. Its luster is vitreous to sub-adamantine. Its formula is Cu6Si6O18·6H2O, also reported as CuSiO2(OH)2. It has a Mohs hardness of 5, the same as tooth enamel. Its specific gravity is 3.28–3.35, and it has two perfect and one very good cleavage directions. Additionally, dioptase is very fragile, and specimens must be handled with great care. It is a trigonal mineral, forming six-sided crystals that are terminated by rhombohedra.
Late in the 18th century, copper miners at the Altyn-Tyube (Altyn-Tube) mine, Karagandy Province, Kazakhstan[3] thought they had found the emerald deposit of their dreams. They found fantastic cavities in quartz veins in a limestone rock, filled with thousands of lustrous transparent emerald-green crystals. The crystals were dispatched to Moscow, Russia, for analysis. However, the mineral's inferior hardness of 5 compared with emerald's greater hardness of 8 easily distinguished it. Eventually, in 1797, the mineralogist Fr. René Just Haüy determined that the enigmatic Altyn-Tyube mineral was new to science and named it dioptase (Greek, dia, "through" and optos, "visible"), alluding to the internal cleavage planes that can be seen inside unbroken crystals.[5]
Dioptase is an uncommon mineral found mostly in desert regions where it forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposits. However, the process of its formation is not simple. The oxidation of copper sulfides should be insufficient to crystallize dioptase, as silica is normally minutely soluble in water except at highly alkaline pH. The oxidation of sulfides will generate highly acidic fluids rich in sulfuric acid that should suppress silica's solubility. However, in dry climates and with enough time, especially in areas of a mineral deposit where acids are buffered by carbonate, minute quantities of silica may react with dissolved copper forming dioptase and chrysocolla.
www.visittucson.org/tucson-gem-mineral-fossil-showcase/
"Every year the world-renowned Tucson Gem, Mineral & Fossil Showcase is like a time portal, a trip around the world, and a treasure hunt all rolled into one. Every winter, more than 65,000 guests from around the globe descend upon Tucson, AZ, to buy, sell, trade, and bear witness to rare and enchanting gems, minerals, and fossils at more than 50 gem show locations across the city. If you're planning a winter visit to Tucson, you won't want to miss this three-week-long event filled with shows, related events, a free day at the gem & mineral museum, and much, much more!
"Whether you’re looking for a $5 shimmering crystal necklace or a show-stopping $200,000 crystallized rock from an exotic location, the Tucson Gem, Mineral, & Fossil Shows have something for everyone."
www.visittucson.org/blog/post/gems-and-minerals/
The theme this year was Shades of Green- Experience the Magic. The theme for next year's show will be Red, White, and Blue Celebrate the Spirit of Minerals
xpopress.com/news/article/783/shades-of-green-70th-annual...
TGMS 2025
Tucson Gem Show 2025
“The figure stopped, and at the moment a ray of moonlight fell upon the masses of driving clouds, and showed in startling prominence a dark-haired woman, dressed in the
cerements of the grave. (...) It was now near enough for us to see clearly, and the moonlight still held. My own heart grew cold as ice, and I could hear the gasp of Arthur, as we recognized the features of Lucy
Westenra. Lucy Westenra, but yet how changed. The sweetness was turned to adamantine, heartless cruelty, and the purity to voluptuous wantonness.”
~ Dracula, Bram Stoker
Multirole adamantine-reinforced combat knife.
Remember the electro-knife with the spikes I mentioned on the PAV-7 description? Yes? Well, this is it... Minus the spike part, but replaced with an extending blade.
How does it do that? I'll come up with something clever, but for now, I'll say:
"BECAUSE SCIENCE. DEAL WITH IT."
...Ahem. Anyways, Archwell Defense is the new name for Farrynhite Armory, a commercial subsidiary of the GR Military Branch. Created that name during an essay session, believe it or not. Archwell Defense is based on New Haven, a space station, if you're wondering.
...So, yeah. If you want the code, let me know and I'll edit it in here.
Editing via MS Paint.
When one is speaking of ancient traditional peoples, it is important not to confuse healthy and integral civilizations with the great paganisms (for the term is justified here) of the Mediterranean and the Near East, of whom Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar have become the classic incarnations and conventional images. What strikes one first in these "petrified" traditions of the world of the Bible is a cult of the massive and the gigantic, as well as a cosmolatry often accompanied by sanguinary rites, not forgetting a development to excess of magic and the arts of divination.
In civilizations of this kind the supernatural is replaced by magic, and the here and now is divinized while nothing is offered for the hereafter, at least in the exoteric field which in fact overwhelms everything else; a sort of marmorean divinization of the human is combined with a passionate humaniza tion of the Divine; potentates are demigods and the gods preside over all the passions.
A question that might arise here is the following: how was it that these old religions could deviate into paganism and then become extinct, where as a similar destiny seems to be excluded in the case of the great traditions that are alive today in the West and in the East? The answer is that traditions having a prehistoric origin are, symbolically speaking, made for "space" and not for "time"; that is to say, they saw the light in a prinordial epoch when time was still but a rhythm in a spatial and static beatitude, and when space or simultaneity still predominated over the experience of duration and change.
The historical traditions on the other hand must take, the experience of "time" into account and must foresee instability and decadence, since they were born in periods when time had become like a fast-flowing river and ever more devouring, and when the spiritual outlook had to be centered on the end of the world.
The position of Hinduism is intermediate in the sense that it has the faculty, exceptional in a tradition of the primordial type, of rejuvenation and adaptation; it is thus both prehistoric and historic and realizes in its own way the miracle of a synthesis between the gods of Egypt and the God of Israel.
To return to the Babylonians: the lithoidal (stone-like) character of this type of civilization cannot be explained in terms of a tendency to excess alone; it may also be explained in terms of a sense of the changeless; it is as if they had seen the primordial beatitude evaporating and had therefore wanted to build a fortress, with the result that the spirit was stifled instead of being protected; seen from this angle the marmorean (marble-like) and inhuman side of these paganisms looks like a titanic reaction of space against time. From this point of view the implacability of the stars is paradoxically combined with the passions of bodies; the stellar vault is always present, divine and crushing, while an overflowing life takes the place of a terrestrial divinity.
From another point of view, many of the characteristics of the civilizations of antiquity are explained by the fact that in the beginning the celestial Law was of an adamantine severity while at the same time life still retained something of the celestial. Babylon lived falsely on this sort of recollection; but there existed nonetheless, at the very heart of the most cruel paganisms, mitigations that can be accounted for by changes in the cyclical atmosphere. The celestial Law becomes less demanding as the end of our cycle approaches; Clemency grows as man becomes weaker. The acquittal by Christ of the adulterous woman carries this meaning - apart from other meanings no less admissible - and so does the intervention of the angel in the sacrifice of Abraham.
Nobody would think of complaining of the mitigation of moral laws; it is, however, proper to consider it, not in isolation, but in its context, because it is the context that reveals its intention, its range and its value. In reality the mitigation of moral laws - to the extent that it is not illusory - can represent an intrinsic superiority only on two conditions, namely, firstly that it confers a concrete advantage on society, and secondly that it be not obtained at the cost of that which gives meaning to life.
Respect for the human person must not open the door to a dictatorship of error and baseness, to the crushing of quality by quantity, to general corruption and the loss of cultural values, for if it does so it is, in relation to the ancient tyrannies, but an opposite extreme and not the norm. When humanitarianism is no more than the expression of an over-valuation of the human at the expense of the Divine, or of the crude fact at the expense of the truth, it cannot possibly be counted as a positive acquisition.
It is easy to criticize the "fanaticism" of our ancestors when one has lost the very notion of a truth that brings salvation, or to be "tolerant" when one despises religion.
---
Frithjof Schuon: Light on The Ancient Worlds
Sibilas
Sibilas no interior dos antros hirtos
Totalmente sem amor e cegas.
Alimentando o vazio como um fogo
Enquanto a sombra dissolve a noite e o dia
Na mesma luz de horror desencarnada.
Trazer para fora o monstruoso orvalho
Das noites interiores, o suor
Das forças amarradas a si mesmas
Quando as palavras batem contra os muros
Em grandes voos cegos de aves presas
E agudamente o horror de ter as asas
Soa como um relógio no vazio.
© 1990, Sophia de Mello Breyner
From: Obra Poética I
Publisher: Caminho, Lisboa
________
Sibyls
Sibyls inside adamantine caves,
Totally loveless and blind.
Feeding emptiness like a sacred fire
While shadow dissolves night and day
Into the same light of bodiless horror.
Bring out here that monstrous dew
Of interior nights, the sweat
Of powers tied to themselves
When words strike the walls
In blind swoops of trapped birds
And the horror of having wings
Screeches like a clock in the void.
© Translation: 2004, Richard Zenith
( Poetry International Web )
This is Dioptase from the Mammoth-St. Anthony Mine, Tiger, Arizona, USA courtesy of the Flagg Mineral Foundation.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dioptase
Dioptase is an intense emerald-green to bluish-green mineral that is cyclosilicate of copper. It is transparent to translucent. Its luster is vitreous to sub-adamantine. Its formula is Cu6Si6O18·6H2O, also reported as CuSiO2(OH)2. It has a Mohs hardness of 5, the same as tooth enamel. Its specific gravity is 3.28–3.35, and it has two perfect and one very good cleavage directions. Additionally, dioptase is very fragile, and specimens must be handled with great care. It is a trigonal mineral, forming six-sided crystals that are terminated by rhombohedra.
Late in the 18th century, copper miners at the Altyn-Tyube (Altyn-Tube) mine, Karagandy Province, Kazakhstan[3] thought they had found the emerald deposit of their dreams. They found fantastic cavities in quartz veins in a limestone rock, filled with thousands of lustrous transparent emerald-green crystals. The crystals were dispatched to Moscow, Russia, for analysis. However, the mineral's inferior hardness of 5 compared with emerald's greater hardness of 8 easily distinguished it. Eventually, in 1797, the mineralogist Fr. René Just Haüy determined that the enigmatic Altyn-Tyube mineral was new to science and named it dioptase (Greek, dia, "through" and optos, "visible"), alluding to the internal cleavage planes that can be seen inside unbroken crystals.[5]
Dioptase is an uncommon mineral found mostly in desert regions where it forms as a secondary mineral in the oxidized zone of copper sulfide mineral deposits. However, the process of its formation is not simple. The oxidation of copper sulfides should be insufficient to crystallize dioptase, as silica is normally minutely soluble in water except at highly alkaline pH. The oxidation of sulfides will generate highly acidic fluids rich in sulfuric acid that should suppress silica's solubility. However, in dry climates and with enough time, especially in areas of a mineral deposit where acids are buffered by carbonate, minute quantities of silica may react with dissolved copper forming dioptase and chrysocolla.
www.visittucson.org/tucson-gem-mineral-fossil-showcase/
Every year the world-renowned Tucson Gem, Mineral & Fossil Showcase is like a time portal, a trip around the world, and a treasure hunt all rolled into one. Every winter, more than 65,000 guests from around the globe descend upon Tucson, AZ, to buy, sell, trade, and bear witness to rare and enchanting gems, minerals, and fossils at more than 50 gem show locations across the city. If you're planning a winter visit to Tucson, you won't want to miss this three-week-long event filled with shows, related events, a free day at the gem & mineral museum, and much, much more!
"Whether you’re looking for a $5 shimmering crystal necklace or a show-stopping $200,000 crystallized rock from an exotic location, the Tucson Gem, Mineral, & Fossil Shows have something for everyone.
www.visittucson.org/blog/post/gems-and-minerals/
The theme this year was Shades of Green- Experience the Magic. The theme for next year's show will be Red, White, and Blue Celebrate the Spirit of Minerals
xpopress.com/news/article/783/shades-of-green-70th-annual...
Green-colored gemstones are part of almost every mineral group. Famous members include emeralds (beryl); chrysoprase, bloodstone, aventurine, imperial jasper, kabamba jasper, and ocean jasper (quartz); green tourmaline; green sapphires; nephrite jade and imperial green jadeite; as well as tsavorite, grossular, demantoid, and drusy uvarovite (garnets).
There are also the soloists: malachite, amazonite, chrysoberyl, chrome diopside, maw-sit-sit, drusy liebethenite from Congo, fluorite, peridot, gaspeite, lime magnesite, seraphinite, prehnite, idocrase, and serpentine.
Green gems vary in hue, chroma (saturation), lightness, and tint, each with an identifiable green shade. They evoke memories of picturesque and scenic vistas, gardens, and lush meadows. Green is considered relaxing and pleasing to the eye and symbolizes nature, spring, healing, fertility, rebirth, and regeneration. It is linked to over thirty similes, idioms, and phrases used in everyday language.
TGMS 2025
Tucson Gem Show 2025
Version for piano and string quintet ♪♫♫
Höfn
The three-tongued glacier has begun to melt.
What will we do, they ask, when boulder-milt
Comes wallowing across the delta flats
And the miles-deep shag ice makes its move?
I saw it, ridged and rock-set, from above,
Undead grey-gristed earth-pelt, aeon-scruff,
And feared its coldness that still seemed enough
To iceblock the plane window dimmed with breath,
Deepfreeze the seep of adamantine tilth
And every warm, mouthwatering word of mouth.
Seamus Heaney
El glaciar de tres lenguas ha empezado a fundirse.
¿Qué haremos, se preguntan, cuando la leche pétrea
descienda revolcándose sobre el llano del delta
y la gruesa pelliza de nieve se desgaje?
Lo vi desde el avión, curvo y dispuesto en piedra,
piel de tierra viviente y disgregada, cerviz de los eones,
y me dio miedo su frialdad, que aún parecía suficiente
para helar las ventanillas empañadas de aliento,
congelar sedimentos de una labranza inquebrantable
y todas las palabras cálidas y gustosas que van de boca en boca.
Versión de Jordi Doce
Typhon was flying through the spirit of consciousness, when I designed thus engine in 1987 for Alice v W.......
There is also a shining white comet with silver "hair,"
shining in such a way that it can scarcely be looked at,
and of human appearance,
showing in itself the form of a god.
―Joannes Lydus, in De Ostentis
I suppose that the comets may be the agents
which have already effected great changes in all the planets,
and that they may be destined to effect many others―
till, in defined periods, the planets, by means of these agents,
may be all reduced to a state of fusion or gas ....
―Godfrey Higgins, Anacalypsis, Volume II
Typhon (/ˈtaɪfɒn, -fən/; Greek: Τυφῶν, Tuphōn [typʰɔ̂ːn]), also Typhoeus (/taɪˈfiːəs/; Τυφωεύς, Tuphōeus), Typhaon (Τυφάων, Tuphaōn) or Typhos (Τυφώς, Tuphōs), was a monstrous snaky giant and the most deadly creature in Greek mythology. According to Hesiod, Typhon was the son of Gaia and Tartarus. However one source has Typhon as the son of Hera alone, while another makes Typhon the offspring of Cronus. Typhon and his mate Echidna were the progenitors of many famous monsters. Typhon attempted to overthrow Zeus for the supremacy of the cosmos. The two fought a cataclysmic battle, which Zeus finally won with the aid of his thunderbolts. Defeated, Typhon was cast into Tartarus, or buried underneath Mount Etna, or the island of Ischia. In later accounts Typhon was often confused with the Giants.According to Hesiod's Theogony (c. 8th – 7th century BC), Typhon was the son of Gaia (Earth) and Tartarus: "when Zeus had driven the Titans from heaven, huge Earth bore her youngest child Typhoeus of the love of Tartarus, by the aid of golden Aphrodite".The mythographer Apollodorus (1st or 2nd century AD) adds that Gaia bore Typhon in anger at the gods for their destruction of her offspring the Giants.Numerous other sources mention Typhon as being the offspring of Gaia, or simply "earth-born", with no mention of Tartarus.However, according to the Homeric Hymn to Apollo (6th century BC), Typhon was the child of Hera alone. Hera, angry at Zeus for having given birth to Athena by himself, prayed to Gaia, Uranus, and the Titans, to give her a son stronger than Zeus, then slapped the ground and became pregnant. Hera gave the infant Typhon to the serpent Python to raise, and Typhon grew up to become a great bane to mortals.
Depiction by Wenceslas Hollar
Several sources locate Typhon's birth and dwelling place in Cilicia, and in particular the region in the vicinity of the ancient Cilician coastal city of Corycus (modern Kızkalesi, Turkey). The poet Pindar (c. 470 BC) calls Typhon "Cilician,"and says that Typhon was born in Cilicia and nurtured in "the famous Cilician cave",[8] an apparent allusion to the Corycian cave in Turkey.[9] In Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, Typhon is called the "dweller of the Cilician caves",and both Apollodorus and the poet Nonnus (4th or 5th century AD) have Typhon born in Cilicia.
The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, preserving a possibly Orphic tradition, has Typhon born in Cilicia, as the offspring of Cronus. Gaia, angry at the destruction of the Giants, slanders Zeus to Hera. So Hera goes to Zeus' father Cronus (whom Zeus had overthrown) and Cronus gives Hera two eggs smeared with his own semen, telling her to bury them, and that from them would be born one who would overthrow Zeus. Hera, angry at Zeus, buries the eggs in Cilicia "under Arimon", but when Typhon is born, Hera, now reconciled with Zeus, informs him.
According to Hesiod, Typhon was "terrible, outrageous and lawless",immensely powerful, and on his shoulders were one hundred snake heads, that emitted fire and every kind of noise:
Strength was with his hands in all that he did and the feet of the strong god were untiring. From his shoulders grew a hundred heads of a snake, a fearful dragon, with dark, flickering tongues, and from under the brows of his eyes in his marvellous heads flashed fire, and fire burned from his heads as he glared. And there were voices in all his dreadful heads which uttered every kind of sound unspeakable; for at one time they made sounds such that the gods understood, but at another, the noise of a bull bellowing aloud in proud ungovernable fury; and at another, the sound of a lion, relentless of heart; and at another, sounds like whelps, wonderful to hear; and again, at another, he would hiss, so that the high mountains re-echoed.
The Homeric Hymn to Apollo describes Typhon as "fell" and "cruel", and neither like gods nor men.Three of Pindar's poems have Typhon as hundred-headed (as in Hesiod), while apparently a fourth gives him only fifty heads, but a hundred heads for Typhon became standard. A Chalcidian hydria (c. 540–530 BC), depicts Typhon as a winged humanoid from the waist up, with two snake tails below.Aeschylus calls Typhon "fire-breathing".For Nicander (2nd century BC), Typhon was a monster of enormous strength, and strange appearance, with many heads, hands, and wings, and with huge snake coils coming from his thighs.
Apollodorus describes Typhon as a huge winged monster, whose head "brushed the stars", human in form above the waist, with snake coils below, and fire flashing from his eyes:
In size and strength he surpassed all the offspring of Earth. As far as the thighs he was of human shape and of such prodigious bulk that he out-topped all the mountains, and his head often brushed the stars. One of his hands reached out to the west and the other to the east, and from them projected a hundred dragons' heads. From the thighs downward he had huge coils of vipers, which when drawn out, reached to his very head and emitted a loud hissing. His body was all winged: unkempt hair streamed on the wind from his head and cheeks; and fire flashed from his eyes.
The most elaborate description of Typhon is found in Nonnus's Dionysiaca. Nonnus makes numerous references to Typhon's serpentine nature,giving him a "tangled army of snakes",snaky feet,and hair.According to Nonnus, Typhon was a "poison-spitting viper",whose "every hair belched viper-poison", and Typhon "spat out showers of poison from his throat; the mountain torrents were swollen, as the monster showered fountains from the viperish bristles of his high head",and "the water-snakes of the monster's viperish feet crawl into the caverns underground, spitting poison!".
Following Hesiod and others, Nonnus gives Typhon many heads (though untotaled), but in addition to snake heads,Nonnus also gives Typhon many other animal heads, including leopards, lions, bulls, boars, bears, cattle, wolves, and dogs, which combine to make 'the cries of all wild beasts together',and a "babel of screaming sounds". Nonnus also gives Typhon "legions of arms innumerable", and where Nicander had only said that Typhon had "many" hands, and Ovid had given Typhon a hundred hands, Nonnus gives Typhon two hundred.
According to Hesiod's Theogony, Typhon "was joined in love" to Echidna, a monstrous half-woman and half-snake, who bore Typhon "fierce offspring".First, according to Hesiod, there was Orthrus,the two-headed dog who guarded the Cattle of Geryon, second Cerberus,the multiheaded dog who guarded the gates of Hades, and third the Lernaean Hydra,the many-headed serpent who, when one of its heads was cut off, grew two more. The Theogony next mentions an ambiguous "she", which might refer to Echidna, as the mother of the Chimera (a fire-breathing beast that was part lion, part goat, and had a snake-headed tail) with Typhon then being the father.
While mentioning Cerberus and "other monsters" as being the offspring of Echidna and Typhon, the mythographer Acusilaus (6th century BC) adds the Caucasian Eagle that ate the liver of Prometheus, the mythographer Pherecydes of Leros (5th century BC), also names Prometheus' eagle,and adds Ladon (though Pherecydes does not use this name), and the dragon that guarded the golden apples in the Garden of the Hesperides (according to Hesiod, the offspring of Ceto and Phorcys).The lyric poet Lasus of Hermione (6th century BC) adds the Sphinx.
Later authors mostly retain these offspring of Typhon by Echidna, while adding others. Apollodorus, in addition to naming as their offspring Orthrus, the Chimera (citing Hesiod as his source) the Caucasian Eagle, Ladon, and the Sphinx, also adds the Nemean lion (no mother is given), and the Crommyonian Sow, killed by the hero Theseus (unmentioned by Hesiod).
Hyginus (1st century BC),in his list of offspring of Typhon (all by Echidna), retains from the above: Cerberus, the Chimera, the Sphinx, the Hydra and Ladon, and adds "Gorgon" (by which Hyginus means the mother of Medusa, whereas Hesiod's three Gorgons, of which Medusa was one, were the daughters of Ceto and Phorcys), the Colchian Dragon that guarded the Golden Fleece and Scylla.The Harpies, in Hesiod the daughters of Thaumas and the Oceanid Electra,[48] in one source, are said to be the daughters of Typhon.
The sea serpents which attacked the Trojan priest Laocoön, during the Trojan War, were perhaps supposed to be the progeny of Typhon and Echidna.
According to Hesiod, the defeated Typhon is the source of destructive storm winds.
Typhon challenged Zeus for rule of the cosmos.The earliest mention of Typhon, and his only occurrence in Homer, is a passing reference in the Iliad to Zeus striking the ground around where Typhon lies defeated.Hesiod's Theogony gives us the first account of their battle. According to Hesiod, without the quick action of Zeus, Typhon would have "come to reign over mortals and immortals".In the Theogony Zeus and Typhon meet in cataclysmic conflict:
[Zeus] thundered hard and mightily: and the earth around resounded terribly and the wide heaven above, and the sea and Ocean's streams and the nether parts of the earth. Great Olympus reeled beneath the divine feet of the king as he arose and earth groaned thereat. And through the two of them heat took hold on the dark-blue sea, through the thunder and lightning, and through the fire from the monster, and the scorching winds and blazing thunderbolt. The whole earth seethed, and sky and sea: and the long waves raged along the beaches round and about at the rush of the deathless gods: and there arose an endless shaking. Hades trembled where he rules over the dead below, and the Titans under Tartarus who live with Cronos, because of the unending clamor and the fearful strife.
Zeus with his thunderbolt easily overcomes Typhon,who is thrown down to earth in a fiery crash:
So when Zeus had raised up his might and seized his arms, thunder and lightning and lurid thunderbolt, he leaped from Olympus and struck him, and burned all the marvellous heads of the monster about him. But when Zeus had conquered him and lashed him with strokes, Typhoeus was hurled down, a maimed wreck, so that the huge earth groaned. And flame shot forth from the thunderstricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount, when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapor and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is shortened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus. Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire.
Defeated, Typhon is cast into Tartarus by an angry Zeus.
Epimenides (7th or 6th century BC) seemingly knew a different version of the story, in which Typhon enters Zeus' palace while Zeus is asleep, but Zeus awakes and kills Typhon with a thunderbolt.Pindar apparently knew of a tradition which had the gods, in order to escape from Typhon, transform themselves into animals, and flee to Egypt.Pindar calls Typhon the "enemy of the gods",and says that he was defeated by Zeus' thunderbolt.In one poem Pindar has Typhon being held prisoner by Zeus under Etna,and in another says that Typhon "lies in dread Tartarus", stretched out underground between Mount Etna and Cumae.In Aeschylus' Prometheus Bound, a "hissing" Typhon, his eyes flashing, "withstood all the gods", but "the unsleeping bolt of Zeus" struck him, and "he was burnt to ashes and his strength blasted from him by the lightning bolt."
According to Pherecydes of Leros, during his battle with Zeus, Typhon first flees to the Caucasus, which begins to burn, then to the volcanic island of Pithecussae (modern Ischia), off the coast of Cumae, where he is buried under the island.Apollonius of Rhodes (3rd century BC), like Pherecydes, presents a multi-stage battle, with Typhon being struck by Zeus' thunderbolt on mount Caucasus, before fleeing to the mountains and plain of Nysa, and ending up (as already mentioned by the fifth-century BC Greek historian Herodotus) buried under Lake Serbonis in Egypt.
Like Pindar, Nicander has all the gods but Zeus and Athena, transform into animal forms and flee to Egypt: Apollo became a hawk, Hermes an ibis, Ares a fish, Artemis a cat, Dionysus a goat, Heracles a fawn, Hephaestus an ox, and Leto a mouse.
The geographer Strabo (c. 20 AD) gives several locations which were associated with the battle. According to Strabo, Typhon was said to have cut the serpentine channel of the Orontes River, which flowed beneath the Syrian Mount Kasios (modern Jebel Aqra), while fleeing from Zeus,and some placed the battle at Catacecaumene ("Burnt Land"),a volcanic plain, on the upper Gediz River, between the ancient kingdoms of Lydia, Mysia and Phrygia, near Mount Tmolus (modern Bozdağ) and Sardis the ancient capital of Lydia.
In the versions of the battle given by Hesiod, Aeschylus and Pindar, Zeus' defeat of Typhon is straightforward, however a more involved version of the battle is given by Apollodorus.No early source gives any reason for the conflict, but Apollodorus' account seemingly implies that Typhon had been produced by Gaia to avenge the destruction, by Zeus and the other gods, of the Giants, a previous generation of offspring of Gaia. According to Apollodorus, Typhon, "hurling kindled rocks", attacked the gods, "with hissings and shouts, spouting a great jet of fire from his mouth." Seeing this, the gods transformed into animals and fled to Egypt (as in Pindar and Nicander). However "Zeus pelted Typhon at a distance with thunderbolts, and at close quarters struck him down with an adamantine sickle"Wounded, Typhon fled to the Syrian Mount Kasios, where Zeus "grappled" with him. But Typhon, twining his snaky coils around Zeus, was able to wrest away the sickle and cut the sinews from Zeus' hands and feet. Typhon carried the disabled Zeus across the sea to the Corycian cave in Cilicia where he set the she-serpent Delphyne to guard over Zeus and his severed sinews, which Typhon had hidden in a bearskin. But Hermes and Aegipan (possibly another name for Pan)stole the sinews and gave them back to Zeus. His strength restored, Zeus chased Typhon to mount Nysa, where the Moirai tricked Typhon into eating "ephemeral fruits" which weakened him. Typhon then fled to Thrace, where he threw mountains at Zeus, which were turned back on him by Zeus' thunderbolts, and the mountain where Typhon stood, being drenched with Typhon's blood, became known as Mount Haemus (Bloody Mountain). Typhon then fled to Sicily, where Zeus threw Mount Etna on top of Typhon burying him, and so finally defeated him.
Oppian (2nd century AD) says that Pan helped Zeus in the battle by tricking Typhon to come out from his lair, and into the open, by the "promise of a banquet of fish", thus enabling Zeus to defeat Typhon with his thunderbolts.
The longest and most involved version of the battle appears in Nonnus's Dionysiaca (late 4th or early 5th century AD).Zeus hides his thunderbolts in a cave, so that he might seduce the maiden Plouto, and so produce Tantalus. But smoke rising from the thunderbolts, enables Typhon, under the guidance of Gaia, to locate Zeus's weapons, steal them, and hide them in another cave.Immediately Typhon extends "his clambering hands into the upper air" and begins a long and concerted attack upon the heavens.Then "leaving the air" he turns his attack upon the seas.Finally Typhon attempts to wield Zeus' thunderbolts, but they "felt the hands of a novice, and all their manly blaze was unmanned."
Now Zeus' sinews had somehow – Nonnus does not say how or when — fallen to the ground during their battle, and Typhon had taken them also.But Zeus devises a plan with Cadmus and Pan to beguile Typhon.Cadmus, desguised as a shepherd, enchants Typhon by playing the panpipes, and Typhon entrusting the thuderbolts to Gaia, sets out to find the source of the music he hears.Finding Cadmus, he challenges him to a contest, offering Cadmus any goddess as wife, excepting Hera whom Typhon has reserved for himself.Cadmus then tells Typhon that, if he liked the "little tune" of his pipes, then he would love the music of his lyre – if only it could be strung with Zeus' sinews.So Typhon retrieves the sinews and gives them to Cadmus, who hides them in another cave, and again begins to play his bewitching pipes, so that "Typhoeus yielded his whole soul to Cadmos for the melody to charm".
With Typhon distracted, Zeus takes back his thunderbolts. Cadmus stops playing, and Typhon, released from his spell, rushes back to his cave to discover the thunderbolts gone. Incensed Typhon unleashes devastation upon the world: animals are devoured, (Typhon's many animal heads each eat animals of its own kind), rivers turned to dust, seas made dry land, and the land "laid waste".
The day ends with Typhon yet unchallenged, and while the other gods "moved about the cloudless Nile", Zeus waits through the night for the coming dawn.Victory "reproaches" Zeus, urging him to "stand up as champion of your own children!"Dawn comes and Typhon roars out a challenge to Zeus. And a cataclysmic battle for "the sceptre and throne of Zeus" is joined. Typhon piles up mountains as battlements and with his "legions of arms innumerable", showers volley after volley of trees and rocks at Zeus, but all are destroyed, or blown aside, or dodged, or thrown back at Typhon. Typhon throws torrents of water at Zeus' thunderbolts to quench them, but Zeus is able to cut off some of Typhon's hands with "frozen volleys of air as by a knife", and hurling thunderbolts is able to burn more of typhon's "endless hands", and cut off some of his "countless heads". Typhon is attacked by the four winds, and "frozen volleys of jagged hailstones."Gaia tries to aid her burnt and frozen son.Finally Typhon falls, and Zeus shouts out a long stream of mocking taunts, telling Typhon that he is to be buried under Sicily's hills, with a cenotaph over him which will read "This is the barrow of Typhoeus, son of Earth, who once lashed the sky with stones, and the fire of heaven burnt him up".
Most accounts have the defeated Typhon buried under either Mount Etna in Sicily, or the volcanic island of Ischia, the largest of the Phlegraean Islands off the coast of Naples, with Typhon being the cause of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes.
Though Hesiod has Typhon simply cast into Tartarus by Zeus, some have read a reference to Mount Etna in Hesiod's description of Typhon's fall: And flame shot forth from the thunderstricken lord in the dim rugged glens of the mount when he was smitten. A great part of huge earth was scorched by the terrible vapor and melted as tin melts when heated by men's art in channelled crucibles; or as iron, which is hardest of all things, is shortened by glowing fire in mountain glens and melts in the divine earth through the strength of Hephaestus. Even so, then, the earth melted in the glow of the blazing fire.
The first certain references to Typhon buried under Etna, as well as being the cause of its eruptions, occur in Pindar:Son of Cronus, you who hold Aetna, the wind-swept weight on terrible hundred-headed Typhon, and:among them is he who lies in dread Tartarus, that enemy of the gods, Typhon with his hundred heads. Once the famous Cilician cave nurtured him, but now the sea-girt cliffs above Cumae, and Sicily too, lie heavy on his shaggy chest. And the pillar of the sky holds him down, snow-covered Aetna, year-round nurse of bitter frost, from whose inmost caves belch forth the purest streams of unapproachable fire. In the daytime her rivers roll out a fiery flood of smoke, while in the darkness of night the crimson flame hurls rocks down to the deep plain of the sea with a crashing roar. That monster shoots up the most terrible jets of fire; it is a marvellous wonder to see, and a marvel even to hear about when men are present. Such a creature is bound beneath the dark and leafy heights of Aetna and beneath the plain, and his bed scratches and goads the whole length of his back stretched out against it. Thus Pindar has Typhon in Tartarus, and buried under not just Etna, but under a vast volcanic region stretching from Sicily to Cumae (in the vicinity of modern Naples), a region which presumably also included Mount Vesuvius, as well as Ischia.
Many subsequent accounts mention either Etna[98] or Ischia. In Prometheus Bound, Typhon is imprisoned underneath Etna, while above him Hephaestus "hammers the molten ore", and in his rage, the "charred" Typhon causes "rivers of fire" to pour forth. Ovid has Typhon buried under all of Sicily, with his left and right hands under Pelorus and Pachynus, his feet under Lilybaeus, and his head under Etna; where he "vomits flames from his ferocious mouth". And Valerius Flaccus has Typhon's head under Etna, and all of Sicily shaken when Typhon "struggles". Lycophron has both Typhon and Giants buried under the island of Ischia. Virgil, Silius Italicus and Claudian, all calling the island "Inarime", have Typhon buried there. Strabo, calling Ischia "Pithecussae", reports the "myth" that Typhon lay buried there, and that when he "turns his body the flames and the waters, and sometimes even small islands containing boiling water, spout forth." In addition to Typhon, other mythological beings were also said to be buried under Mount Etna and the cause of its vocanic activity. Most notably the Giant Enceladus was said to be entombed under Etna, the volcano's eruptions being the breath of Enceladus, and its tremors caused by the Giant rolling over from side to side beneath the mountain. Also said to be buried under Etna were the Hundred-hander Briareus,and Asteropus who was perhaps one of the Cyclopes.
Typhon's final resting place was apparently also said to be in Boeotia.The Hesiodic Shield of Heracles names a mountain near Thebes Typhaonium, perhaps reflecting an early tradition which also had Typhon buried under a Boeotian mountain.And some apparently claimed that Typhon was buried beneath a mountain in Boeotia, from which came exhaltations of fire.
Homer describes a place he calls the "couch [or bed] of Typhoeus", which he locates in the land of the Arimoi (εἰν Ἀρίμοις), where Zeus lashes the land about Typhoeus with his thunderbolts.[107] Presumably this is the same land where, according to Hesiod, Typhon's mate Echidna keeps guard "in Arima" (εἰν Ἀρίμοισιν). But neither Homer nor Hesiod say anything more about where these Arimoi or this Arima might be. The question of whether an historical place was meant, and its possible location, has been, since ancient times, the subject of speculation and debate. Strabo discusses the question in some detail. Several locales, Cilicia, Syria, Lydia, and the island of Ischia, all places associated with Typhon, are given by Strabo as possible locations for Homer's "Arimoi".
Pindar has his Cilician Typhon slain by Zeus "among the Arimoi",[111] and the historian Callisthenes (4th century BC), located the Arimoi and the Arima mountains in Cilicia, near the Calycadnus river, the Corycian cave and the Sarpedon promomtory.[112] The b scholia to Iliad 2.783, mentioned above, says Typhon was born in Cilicia "under Arimon",and Nonnus mentions Typhon's "bloodstained cave of Arima" in Cilicia. Just across the Gulf of Issus from Corycus, in ancient Syria, was Mount Kasios (modern Jebel Aqra) and the Orontes River, sites associated with Typhon's battle with Zeus,and according to Strabo, the historian Posidonius (c. 2nd century BC) identified the Arimoi with the Aramaeans of Syria.
Alternatively, according to Strabo, some placed the Arimoi at Catacecaumene, while Xanthus of Lydia (5th century BC) added that "a certain Arimus" ruled there. Strabo also tells us that for "some" Homer's "couch of Typhon" was located "in a wooded place, in the fertile land of Hyde", with Hyde being another name for Sardis (or its acropolis), and that Demetrius of Scepsis (2nd century BC) thought that the Arimoi were most plausibly located "in the Catacecaumene country in Mysia".[119] The 3rd-century BC poet Lycophron placed the lair of Typhons' mate Echidna in this region.
Another place, mentioned by Strabo, as being associated with Arima, is the island of Ischia, where according to Pherecydes of Leros, Typhon had fled, and in the area where Pindar and others had said Typhon was buried. The connection to Arima, comes from the island's Greek name Pithecussae, which derives from the Greek word for monkey, and according to Strabo, residents of the island said that "arimoi" was also the Etruscan word for monkeys.
Typhon's name has a number of variants. The earliest forms of Typhoeus and Typhaon, occur prior to the 5th century BC. Homer uses Typhoeus,Hesiod and the Homeric Hymn to Apollo use both Typhoeus and Typhaon. The later forms Typhos and Typhon occur from the 5th century BC onwards, with Typhon becoming the standard form by the end of that century.
Though several possible derivations of the name Typhon have been suggested, the derivation remains uncertain.Consistent with Hesiod's making storm winds Typhon's offspring, some have supposed that Typhon was originally a wind-god, and ancient sources associated him with the Greek words tuphon, tuphos meaning "whirlwind".Other theories include derivation from a Greek root meaning "smoke" (consistent with Typhon's identification with volcanoes), from an Indo-European root meaning "abyss" (making Typhon a "Serpent of the Deep"), and from Sapõn the Phoenician name for the Ugaritic god Baal's holy mountain Jebel Aqra (the classical Mount Kasios) associated with the epithet Baʿal Zaphon.
Mythologist Joseph Campbell makes parallels to the slaying of Leviathan by YHWH, about which YHWH boasts to Job. Ogden calls the Typhon myth "the only Graeco-Roman drakōn-slaying myth that can seriously be argued to exhibit the influence of Near Eastern antecedents", connecting it in particular with Baʿal Zaphon's slaying of Yammu and Lotan, as well as with the Hittite myth of Illuyankas. From its first reappearance, this latter myth has been seen as a prototype of the battle of Zeus and Typhon. Walter Burkert and Calvert Watkins each note the close agreements.
Comparisons can also be drawn with the Mesopotamian monster Tiamat and her slaying by Babylonian chief god Marduk.The similarities between the Greek myth and its earlier Mesopotamian counterpart do not seem to be merely accidental. A number of west Semitic (Ras Shamra) and Hittite sources appear to corroborate the theory of a genetic relationship between the two myths.
Typhon's story seems related to that of another monstrous offspring of Gaia: Python, the serpent killed by Apollo at Delphi, suggesting a possible common origin. Besides the similarity of names, their shared parentage, and the fact that both were snaky monsters killed in single combat with an Olympian god, there are other connections between the stories surrounding Typhon, and those surrounding Python. Although the Delphic monster killed by Apollo is usually said to be the male serpent Python, in the Homeric Hymn to Apollo, the earliest account of this story, the god kills a nameless she-serpent (drakaina), subsequently called Delphyne, who had been Typhon's foster-mother. Delphyne and Echidna, besides both being intimately connected to Typhon—one as mother, the other as mate—share other similarities.Both were half-maid and half-snake,a plague to men,and associated with the Corycian cave in Cilicia.
Python was also perhaps connected with a different Corycian Cave than the one in Cilicia, this one on the slopes of Parnassus above Delphi, and just as the Corcian cave in Cilicia was thought to be Typhon and Echidna's lair, and associated with Typhon's battle with Zeus, there is evidence to suggest that the Corycian cave above Delphi was supposed to be Python's (or Delphyne's) lair, and associated with his (or her) battle with Apollo.
Typhon bears a close resemblance to an older generation of descendants of Gaia, the Giants.They, like their younger brother Typhon after them, challenged Zeus for supremacy of the cosmos,were (in later representations) shown as snake-footed,and end up buried under volcanos.
While distinct in early accounts, in later accounts Typhon was often confused or conflated with the Giants.The Roman mythographer Hyginus (64 BC – 17 AD) includes Typhon in his list of Giants,while the Roman poet Horace (65 – 8 BC), mentions Typhon, along with the Giants Mimas, Porphyrion, and Enceladus, as together battling Athena, during the Gigantomachy.The Astronomica, attributed to the 1st-century AD Roman poet and astrologer Marcus Manilius,and the late 4th-century early 5th-century Greek poet Nonnus, also consider Typhon to be one of the Giants.
From apparently as early as Hecataeus of Miletus (c. 550 BC – c. 476 BC), Typhon was identified with Set, the Egyptian god of destruction.This syncretization with Egyptian mythology can also be seen in the story, apparently known as early as Pindar, of Typhon chasing the gods to Egypt, and the gods transforming themselves into animals.Such a story arose perhaps as a way for the Greeks to explain Egypt's animal-shaped gods.Herodotus also identified Typhon with Set, making him the second to last divine king of Egypt. Herodotus says that Typhon was deposed by Osiris' son Horus, whom Herodutus equates with Apollo (with Osiris being equated with Dionysus),and after his defeat by Horus, Typhon was "supposed to have been hidden" in the "Serbonian marsh" (identified with modern Lake Bardawil) in Egypt.
Unedited photos taken with Alchemy viewer.
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<3 Lachrymose
To Winter gif
William Blake
O winter! bar thine adamantine doors:
The north is thine; there hast thou built thy dark
Deep-founded habitation. Shake not thy roofs
Nor bend thy pillars with thine iron car.
He hears me not, but o’er the yawning deep
Rides heavy; his storms are unchain’d, sheathed
In ribbed steel; I dare not lift mine eyes;
For he hath rear’d his sceptre o’er the world.
Lo! now the direful monster, whose skin clings
To his strong bones, strides o’er the groaning rocks:
He withers all in silence, and in his hand
Unclothes the earth, and freezes up frail life.
He takes his seat upon the cliffs, the mariner
Cries in vain. Poor little wretch! that deal’st
With storms, till heaven smiles, and the monster
Is driven yelling to his caves beneath Mount Hecla.
Explore #14 - 25.07.2009 & FP
Then look, who list thy gazeful eyes to feed
With sight of that is fair, look on the frame
Of this wide universe, and therein reed
The endless kinds of creatures which by name
Thou canst not count, much less their natures aim;
All which are made with wondrous wise respect,
And all with admirable beauty deckt.
First th' earth, on adamantine pillars founded,
Amid the sea engirt with brazen bands;
Then th' air still flitting, but yet firmly bounded
On every side, with piles of flaming brands,
Never consum'd, nor quench'd with mortal hands;
And last, that mighty shining crystal wall,
Wherewith he hath encompassed this All.
From An Hymn Of Heavenly Beauty by Edmund Spenser (1552 - 1599)
Best Viewed Large On Black - Hanging Rosemary & Quartz Crystal [?]
This is a Diamond from Miba Mine, Mbuji-Mayi, Kasaï-Oriental, DR Congo at the Tucson Gem & Mineral Show.
fineart.ha.com/itm/minerals/miniature/diamond-miba-mine-m...
Diamond, Miba Mine, Mbuji-Mayi, Kasaï-Oriental, DR Congo, 3.5 x 2.5 x 2.2 cm (1.38 x 0.98 x 0.87 in), 35 grams, From the collection of Daniel "Dan" R. Kennedy.
This specimen is composed of two enormous, interconnecting Diamonds that measure up to a staggering 2.6 x 2.2 x 2.1 centimeters, collectively weighing a whopping 35 grams (172 carats), and are completely free of any damage or signs of previous attachment. Both crystals have a cubic habit and are rife with penetration twins and a spectacular rugged texture, which pairs very well with the specimen's strong adamantine luster. The Diamonds are translucent and have a dusky grey color but have a yellow tinge when viewed with backlighting and yellow fluorescence under short-to-medium wave UV light. This piece comes with a custom acrylic base and a wire stand that is plated in 14 carat gold.
Named after the "Société Minière de Bakwanga", the Miba mine produces 5 or 6 million carats per year, but only 6% of diamonds are of gemstone quality.
Diamond is a solid form of the element carbon with its atoms arranged in a crystal structure called diamond cubic. Diamond as a form of carbon is tasteless, odourless, strong, brittle solid, colourless in pure form, a poor conductor of electricity, and insoluble in water. Another solid form of carbon known as graphite is the chemically stable form of carbon at room temperature and pressure, but diamond is metastable and converts to it at a negligible rate under those conditions. Diamond has the highest hardness and thermal conductivity of any natural material, properties that are used in major industrial applications such as cutting and polishing tools. They are also the reason that diamond anvil cells can subject materials to pressures found deep in the Earth.
Because the arrangement of atoms in diamond is extremely rigid, few types of impurity can contaminate it (two exceptions are boron and nitrogen). Small numbers of defects or impurities (about one per million of lattice atoms) can color a diamond blue (boron), yellow (nitrogen), brown (defects), green (radiation exposure), purple, pink, orange, or red. Diamond also has a very high refractive index and a relatively high optical dispersion.
Most natural diamonds have ages between 1 billion and 3.5 billion years. Most were formed at depths between 150 and 250 kilometres (93 and 155 mi) in the Earth's mantle, although a few have come from as deep as 800 kilometres (500 mi). Under high pressure and temperature, carbon-containing fluids dissolved various minerals and replaced them with diamonds. Much more recently (hundreds to tens of million years ago), they were carried to the surface in volcanic eruptions and deposited in igneous rocks known as kimberlites and lamproites.
www.visittucson.org/tucson-gem-mineral-fossil-showcase/
"Every year the world-renowned Tucson Gem, Mineral & Fossil Showcase is like a time portal, a trip around the world, and a treasure hunt all rolled into one. Every winter, more than 65,000 guests from around the globe descend upon Tucson, AZ, to buy, sell, trade, and bear witness to rare and enchanting gems, minerals, and fossils at more than 50 gem show locations across the city. If you're planning a winter visit to Tucson, you won't want to miss this three-week-long event filled with shows, related events, a free day at the gem & mineral museum, and much, much more!
"Whether you’re looking for a $5 shimmering crystal necklace or a show-stopping $200,000 crystallized rock from an exotic location, the Tucson Gem, Mineral, & Fossil Shows have something for everyone."
www.visittucson.org/blog/post/gems-and-minerals/
The theme this year was Shades of Green- Experience the Magic. The theme for next year's show will be Red, White, and Blue Celebrate the Spirit of Minerals
xpopress.com/news/article/783/shades-of-green-70th-annual...
TGMS 2025
Tucson Gem Show 2025
When one is speaking of ancient traditional peoples, it is important not to confuse healthy and integral civilizations with the great paganisms (for the term is justified here) of the Mediterranean and the Near East, of whom Pharaoh and Nebuchadnezzar have become the classic incarnations and conventional images. What strikes one first in these "petrified" traditions of the world of the Bible is a cult of the massive and the gigantic, as well as a cosmolatry often accompanied by sanguinary rites, not forgetting a development to excess of magic and the arts of divination.
In civilizations of this kind the supernatural is replaced by magic, and the here and now is divinized while nothing is offered for the hereafter, at least in the exoteric field which in fact overwhelms everything else; a sort of marmorean divinization of the human is combined with a passionate humaniza tion of the Divine; potentates are demigods and the gods preside over all the passions.
A question that might arise here is the following: how was it that these old religions could deviate into paganism and then become extinct, where as a similar destiny seems to be excluded in the case of the great traditions that are alive today in the West and in the East? The answer is that traditions having a prehistoric origin are, symbolically speaking, made for "space" and not for "time"; that is to say, they saw the light in a prinordial epoch when time was still but a rhythm in a spatial and static beatitude, and when space or simultaneity still predominated over the experience of duration and change.
The historical traditions on the other hand must take, the experience of "time" into account and must foresee instability and decadence, since they were born in periods when time had become like a fast-flowing river and ever more devouring, and when the spiritual outlook had to be centered on the end of the world.
The position of Hinduism is intermediate in the sense that it has the faculty, exceptional in a tradition of the primordial type, of rejuvenation and adaptation; it is thus both prehistoric and historic and realizes in its own way the miracle of a synthesis between the gods of Egypt and the God of Israel.
To return to the Babylonians: the lithoidal (stone-like) character of this type of civilization cannot be explained in terms of a tendency to excess alone; it may also be explained in terms of a sense of the changeless; it is as if they had seen the primordial beatitude evaporating and had therefore wanted to build a fortress, with the result that the spirit was stifled instead of being protected; seen from this angle the marmorean (marble-like) and inhuman side of these paganisms looks like a titanic reaction of space against time. From this point of view the implacability of the stars is paradoxically combined with the passions of bodies; the stellar vault is always present, divine and crushing, while an overflowing life takes the place of a terrestrial divinity.
From another point of view, many of the characteristics of the civilizations of antiquity are explained by the fact that in the beginning the celestial Law was of an adamantine severity while at the same time life still retained something of the celestial. Babylon lived falsely on this sort of recollection; but there existed nonetheless, at the very heart of the most cruel paganisms, mitigations that can be accounted for by changes in the cyclical atmosphere. The celestial Law becomes less demanding as the end of our cycle approaches; Clemency grows as man becomes weaker. The acquittal by Christ of the adulterous woman carries this meaning - apart from other meanings no less admissible - and so does the intervention of the angel in the sacrifice of Abraham.
Nobody would think of complaining of the mitigation of moral laws; it is, however, proper to consider it, not in isolation, but in its context, because it is the context that reveals its intention, its range and its value. In reality the mitigation of moral laws - to the extent that it is not illusory - can represent an intrinsic superiority only on two conditions, namely, firstly that it confers a concrete advantage on society, and secondly that it be not obtained at the cost of that which gives meaning to life.
Respect for the human person must not open the door to a dictatorship of error and baseness, to the crushing of quality by quantity, to general corruption and the loss of cultural values, for if it does so it is, in relation to the ancient tyrannies, but an opposite extreme and not the norm. When humanitarianism is no more than the expression of an over-valuation of the human at the expense of the Divine, or of the crude fact at the expense of the truth, it cannot possibly be counted as a positive acquisition.
It is easy
– to criticize the "fanaticism" of our ancestors when one has lost the very notion of a truth that brings salvation, or
- to be "tolerant" when one despises religion.
Lady Adamantine brings Columbia from Rocky Horror Picture Show to life.
You can see more of her wonderful cosplay work on her facebook page at: www.facebook.com/arcanegoddess/?fref=ts
Porto
_________
Xadrez
(O Fazedor, 1960)
I
Regem no seu recanto os jogadores
As lentas peças. Esse tabuleiro
Demora-os toda a noite no severo
Âmbito em que se odeiam duas cores.
Dentro irradiam mágicos rigores
As formas; torre homérica, ligeiro
Cavalo, sagaz dama, rei postreiro,
Bispo oblíquo e peões agressores.
E quando os jogadores tiverem ido,
Depois do tempo os ter já consumido,
Decerto não terá cessado o rito.
No Oriente incendiou-se esta guerra
Cujo anfiteatro é hoje toda a terra.
Como o outro, este jogo é infinito.
II
Ténue rei, sesgo bispo, encarniçada
Dama, torre directa e peão ladino
Sobre o negro e o branco do caminho
Buscam e travam a batalha armada.
Não sabem que a mão assinalada
Do jogador governa o seu destino,
Não sabem que um rigor adamantino
Lhes subjuga o arbítrio e a jornada.
Também o jogador é prisioneiro
(Frase de Omar) de um outro tabuleiro
De negras noites e de brancos dias.
Deus move o jogador que move a peça.
Que deus atrás de Deus o ardil começa
De pó e tempo e sonho e agonias?
Jorge Luis Borges
_____________
CHESS (II)
Faint-hearted king, sly bishop, ruthless queen,
Straightforward castle, and deceitful pawn -
Over the checkered black and white terrain
They seek out and begin their armed campaign.
They do not know it is the player’s hand
That dominates and guides their destiny.
They do not know an adamantine fate
Controls their will and lays the battle plan.
The player too is captive of caprice
(The words are Omar’s) on another ground
Where black nights alternate with whiter days.
God moves the players, he in turn the piece.
But what god beyond God begins the round
Of dust and time and sleep and agonies?
Jorge Luis Borges