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betis dining set furniture
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Probable juvenile at the Berks County Heritage Center near Reading, Berks County. If accepted this bird would represent the third record for Pennsylvania and second since 2012. The bird was discovered at this location on 21 December 2015 and has been seen daily ever since. Remarkably cooperative, the bird often feeds in the open only a few feet from the ground -- quite photogenic!
Note strong yellowish underparts, strongly green upperparts, and complete almond-shaped eyering, among other features. The bird's call (which I heard twice) appears to match Pacific-Slope per spectrographic analysis of recordings, though note that the taxonomy of the "Western" Flycatcher (Pacific-Slope and Cordilleran) is an open question and debate.
Accepted (awarded if specified)) in the following international salons under FIAP patronage:
4th Arctic Exhibition of Photographic Art
(FIAP 2014/093)
International Exhibition of Art Photography - Good Light 2014 (FIAP 2014/095)
International Photographic Art Exhibition – Lines (FIAP 2014/153)
JCM Circuit – Itarsi (FIAP 2014/090)
JCM Circuit – Pilakhuwa (FIAP 2014/091)
Photo Creators 2014 (FIAP 2014/120)
Obsession of Light - 3rd Vantaa Photoclub International Salon (FIAP 2014/338)
6th International Salon of Photography "Between the Sky and the Earth" (FIAP 2014/306)
2nd Cork International Salon of Photography (FIAP 2014/349)
1st Exhibition of Photography "Nicosia-Tourism 2014 - Cyprus (FIAP 2014/341)
WPG Grand Circuit - 1st International Exhibition of Art Photography - Serbia (FIAP 2014/343)
La iglesia de San Sebastián de los Caballeros se encuentra en torno al primer recinto amurallado de Toro. Es una zona céntrica próxima a la Plaza Mayor, a la cual se puede llegar a través del Arco del Postigo.
Fue parroquia al menos desde principios del S. XII hasta 1896. Su primera fábrica seria de ladrillo, de estilo románico-mudéjar, aunque a principios del S.XVI fue reconstruida por el trasmerano Juan Martínez de Revilla a expensas del famoso teólogo toresano Fray Diego de Deza, profesor de Salamanca, preceptor del príncipe don Juan, hijo de los RR.CC., Inquisidor General, Arzobispo de Sevilla y protector de Colón. Esta construcción gótica tardía destaca por la solidez, continencia ornamental y el predominio del macizo sobre el vano. La tribuna data de 1570 y su hermoso alfarje es obra de carpinteros locales. La torre fue acabada en 1573 por el cantero Antonio de Villafaña. Ya en época barroca sufrió un proceso de barroquización bastante mediocre que, sumado al abandono posterior en el S.XX, casi significa la ruina del conjunto.
En la década de 1970 el Estado decide restaurarla para albergar las pinturas murales procedentes del monasterio de Sta. Clara. Aparte de estas pinturas, su patrimonio quedó reducido al arte mueble. Se conserva el retablo mayor in situ.
El museo está formado por una única sala, que coincide con la nave de la iglesia. Ésta consta de capilla mayor, precedida de arco de triunfo agudo y sobre pilares y coro alto. También tiene una sencilla torre adosada al muro norte y la sacristía pospuesta a la cabecera. A los pies se levanta una hermosa tribuna con antepecho de balaustres torneados en arenisca sobre arco escarzado que arranca de pilares. El templo tiene tres puertas a norte sur y oeste pero la entrada al museo se realiza a través de la sacristía en la cara este.
La iglesia-museo de San Sebastián de los Caballeros expone las pinturas murales procedentes del monasterio de Santa Clara.
Las pinturas corresponden a la primera fase del gótico lineal o franco-gótico, que todavía no conoce la perspectiva. Aproximadamente, se realizaron en la tercera década del S.XIV. La composición es sólo de dos dimensiones y las trazas lineales, así como la caligrafía grácil y espontánea funcionan como esqueleto sustentante de los colores, formados con muchos matices y abundantes sombreados. Los frecuentes arrepentimientos hablan de la rapidez con la que se debió efectuar la obra. Se trata de una manifestación de la fe sencilla del pueblo cristiano medieval que aceptaba sin crítica la historia de los santos. Se inspiran en la leyenda áurea. De su autoría se habló del nombre de Teresa Diez, ya que este nombre aparece escrito en las pinturas, pero ésta debía ser la donante como indican los escudos heráldicos de la familia que también aparecen. Descartada entonces Teresa Diez, es posible que sean obra de Domingo Pérez, el pintor que se representa como criado de Sancho IV en la firma de la policromía de la Portada de la Majestad de la Colegiata de Toro. Nos consta de este autor que también efectuó unos murales en la catedral de Zamora.
torosacro.com/historia/san-sebastian-de-los-caballeros/
The church of San Sebastián de los Caballeros is located around the first walled enclosure of Toro. It is a central area near the Plaza Mayor, which can be reached through the Arch of the Postigo.
It was parished at least from the early 12th century until 1896. Its first factory would be brick, Romanesque-Mudejar style, although at the beginning of the H.XVI century it was rebuilt by the transmerano Juan Martínez de Revilla at the expense of the famous Toresian theologian Fray Diego de Deza, professor of Salamanca, preceptor of Prince Don Juan, son of the RR. CC., Inquisidor General, Archbishop of Seville and protector of Columbus. This late Gothic construction stands out for its solidity, ornamental continence and the predominance of the massif over the vain. The grandstand dates back to 1570 and its beautiful pottery is the work of local carpenters. The tower was finished in 1573 by the goalkeeper Antonio de Villafaña. Already in baroque times it suffered a rather mediocre baroque process that, together with the subsequent abandonment in the twentieth century, almost means the ruin of the whole.
In the 1970s the State decided to restore it to house the mural paintings from the monastery of St. Clare. Apart from these paintings, his heritage was reduced to the art of furniture. The main altarpiece is preserved in situ.
The museum consists of a single room, which coincides with the nave of the church. This consists of main chapel, preceded by a sharp triumphal arch and on pillars and a high choir. It also has a simple tower attached to the north wall and the sacristy postponed to the headboard. At the feet stands a beautiful grandstand with a balustle of balusters turned in sandstone on a frosted arch that starts from pillars. The temple has three gates to the north south and west but the entrance to the museum is made through the sacristy on the east side.
The church-museum of San Sebastian de los Caballeros exhibits the mural paintings from the monastery of Santa Clara.
The paintings correspond to the first phase of linear gothic or Franco-Gothic, which does not yet know the perspective. Approximately, they were held in the third decade of the S.XIV. The composition is only two dimensions and the linear traces, as well as the graceful and spontaneous calligraphy function as a skeleton supporting the colors, formed with many nuances and abundant shades. Frequent repentances tell of how quickly the work should be done. It is a manifestation of the simple faith of the medieval Christian people who accepted the history of the saints without criticism. They are inspired by the golden legend. From her authorship was mentioned the name of Teresa Diez, since this name is written in the paintings, but this was to be the donor as indicated by the heraldic shields of the family that also appear. Discarded then Teresa Diez, it is possible that they are the work of Domingo Pérez, the painter who is depicted as a servant of Sancho IV in the signature of the polychromia of the Cover of the Majesty of the Collegiate of Toro. We are aware of this author who also made some murals in the cathedral of Zamora
What is Alpha Company?
Alpha Company is a highly-specific themed-based military MOC group, centered around a fictional part modern, part sci-fi Infantry Company in an alternative timeline of the contemporary world.
What are the Alpha Company Forums' goals?
- Develop and Promote the fan-created Prometheus Saga alternative universe canon, including background stories, official models, building instructions and other resources, made freely available for fans to create derivative works.
- Foster a spirit of friendship and international cooperation amongst Fans of Lego (FOLs) by providing the resources for staff-moderated community-driven projects.
- Encourage a higher level of building quality and graphical design by exposing members to the works of critically-acclaimed builders, minifigure customisers and decal designers, providing opportunities to learn from their work through detailed "Behind The Scenes" deconstruction.
- Promote the proliferation of baseline LEGO Military models for customisation and integration into collaborative displays at Lego Fan Conventions and other public events.
- Allow members to participate in role-play Infantry, Airborne and Armored Company units inspired by the structure and characteristics of real-life organised Armed Forces, or to create new units based on those officially accepted as canon.
Who founded Alpha Company, and when?
Alpha Company was founded in 2007 by Adam "kaboom" Dufrense, Chandler Parker and Robin "GreenLead" Chang, operating initially as a group within the BrickArms Forums. The group officially opened its own forums as an independent entity on July 4, 2009.
For more information, visit : www.alphacompanyforums.com/
For more information, check out our website: brightmetallic.com/2015/06/16/accepting-new-submissions-n...
"To accept civilization as it is practically means accepting decay."
(George Orwell - English Novelist and Essayist, 1903-1950)
This is the back of the main building of the Sampurnanand Sanskrit University in Varanasi (Benaras) which was established in 1791 and this is a part of the jantar mantar (observatory).
Such an architecture wouldn't be expected there and it is adding mystery to the oldest living city where the hours have definitely decided to stop.
Sometimes during summers I seat at the door of a classroom where flows a light breeze and I can listen to the French lessons at the end of the day.
This is how I met Himanshu who ever since always comes by chance to practice my mother tongue at my office which is nearby...
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If you would like to have your art distributed to the far corners of the world without having to burn yourself out by packing a million orders or paying for crazy international shipping over and over then have Endless Canvas do it!
All you have to do is mail us a fat pack of stickers and we'll turn it right around to our established fan base.
MAIL STICKERS TO:
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Daily Graffiti Photos and Street Art Culture... www.EndlessCanvas.com
Best viewed LARGE on Black: bighugelabs.com/flickr/onblack.php?id=3462259502&size...
St. George Slays the Dragon - Taken in the Village Church in Fenny Bentley on the Tissington Trail in Derbyshire.
From the Wikipedia Article: "St George's Day is celebrated by the several nations, kingdoms, countries, and cities of which Saint George is the patron saint. St George's Day is also England's National Day. Most countries which observe St George's Day celebrate it on April 23, the traditionally accepted date of Saint George's death in 303 AD.
St George's Day was a major feast and national holiday in England on a par with Christmas from the early 15th century. However, this tradition had waned by the end of the 18th century after the union of England and Scotland. In recent years the popularity of St George's Day appears to be increasing gradually. BBC Radio 3 had a full programme of St George's Day events in 2006, and Andrew Rosindell, Conservative MP for Romford, has been putting the argument forward in the House of Commons to make St George's Day a public holiday. Although Saint George is the Patron Saint of England, it is believed that St George was not English and it is not certain that he ever visited England, although legend has it that St George was born in Coventry at Caludon Castle in Wyken, though some say he was born in Cappadocia, an area which is now in Turkey"
Close to the town of Ashbourne, Fenny Bentley is a picturesque little village consisting of little more than a school, a pub and the church of St Edmunds possibly dating as far back as the 14th century. The church has an alabaster tomb of the Beresford family. Sir Thomas Beresford had fought at the Battle of Agincourt.
www.derbyshireuk.net/fenny.html
www.ashbournechurches.org/FennyBentley.htm
"The Tissington Trail is a bridleway and walk/cycle path in Derbyshire, England. Opened in 1971, and now a part of the National Cycle Network, it runs for 13 miles (21 km) from Parsley Hay in the north to Ashbourne in the south, along part of the trackbed of the former railway line connecting Ashbourne to Buxton. It takes its name from the village of Tissington, which it skirts."
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tissington_Trail
Please don't post your photos here nor GLITTERY IMAGES. They will be removed. Don't invite me to any group. I will not accept ;-)
I've been at my new apartment for about two weeks now and this crane hasn't moved once, so I've begun to accept it as a permanent fixture of the view from my work room.
Date: May 11, 2012
Camera: Sony SLT-A77V
Exposure: 1/250 sec at f/7.1, ISO 100
Lens: 70-400mm F4-5.6 G SSM at 70 mm
© 2012 Benjamin Torode
The 14th annual Creations for Charity is now accepting MOC donations for our upcoming fundraiser from October 15th to November 30th! From now until the end of November, you can donate a MOC for sale in our online store where funds will be used to purchase Lego sets for kids in need around the world. When your MOC sells, we will notify you to ship directly to the buyer. Hope to see you in the Lego community’s annual tradition of giving back!
Learn more at creationsforcharity.org
Please don't post your photos here nor GLITTERY IMAGES. They will be removed. Don't invite me to any group. I will not accept ;-)
Found these while packing my office to move.
I have no use for them and will accept offers to sell them as a whole or pick out pieces you want. There are transparent armor sets in there
there are a few replicas to be found world wide, but this is THE rca trk - 12 television that was featured in the rca pavilion at the 1939 new york worlds fair.
On the Brisbane river and a friend decides he can roll a kayak with no spray deck. Still not sure if he rolled it or it sank under him :)
The Flatiron Building, originally the Fuller Building, is a triangular 22-story, 285-foot-tall (86.9 m) steel-framed landmarked building located at 175 Fifth Avenue in the eponymous Flatiron District neighborhood of the borough of Manhattan, New York City. Designed by Daniel Burnham and Frederick Dinkelberg, it was one of the tallest buildings in the city upon its 1902 completion, at 20 floors high, and one of only two "skyscrapers" north of 14th Street—the other being the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower, one block east. The building sits on a triangular block formed by Fifth Avenue, Broadway, and East 22nd Street—where the building's 87-foot (27 m) back end is located—with East 23rd Street grazing the triangle's northern (uptown) peak. As with numerous other wedge-shaped buildings, the name "Flatiron" derives from its resemblance to a cast-iron clothes iron.
Called "one of the world's most iconic skyscrapers and a quintessential symbol of New York City", the building anchors the south (downtown) end of Madison Square and the north (uptown) end of the Ladies' Mile Historic District. The neighborhood around it is called the Flatiron District after its signature, iconic building. The building was designated a New York City landmark in 1966, was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1979, and was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1989.
The Flatiron Building sits on a triangular block formed by Fifth Avenue to the west, Broadway to the east, and East 22nd Street to the south. The western and eastern facades converge, forming a "peak" at its northern corner where Fifth Avenue and Broadway intersect with East 23rd Street. The shape of the site arises from Broadway's diagonal alignment relative to the Manhattan street grid. The site measures 197.5 feet (60.2 m) on Fifth Avenue, 214.5 feet (65.4 m) on Broadway, and 86 feet (26 m) on 22nd Street. Above the ground level, all three corners of the triangle are curved.
Adjacent buildings include the Toy Center to the north, the Sohmer Piano Building to the southwest, the Scribner Building to the south, and Madison Green to the southeast. Entrances to the New York City Subway's 23rd Street station, served by the R and W trains, are adjacent to the building. The Flatiron Building is at the northern end of the Ladies' Mile Historic District, which extends between 15th Street to the south and 24th Street to the north. By the 1990s, the blocks south of the building had also become known as the Flatiron District
At the beginning of March 1901, media outlets reported that the Newhouse family was planning to sell "Eno's flatiron" for about $2 million to Cumberland Realty Company, an investment partnership created by Harry S. Black, CEO of the Fuller Company. The Fuller Company was the first true general contractor that dealt with all aspects of buildings' construction (except for design), and they specialized in erecting skyscrapers. Black intended to construct a new headquarters building on the site, despite the recent deterioration of the surrounding neighborhood. At the end of that March, the Fuller Company organized a subsidiary to develop a building on the site. The sale was finalized in May 1901.
Black hired Daniel Burnham's architectural firm to design a 21-story building on the site in February 1901. It would be Burnham's first in New York City, the tallest building in Manhattan north of the Financial District, and the first skyscraper north of Union Square (at 14th Street). The Northwestern Salvage and Wrecking Company began razing the site in May 1901, after the majority of existing tenants' leases had expired. Most of the Cumberland's remaining tenants readily vacated the building in exchange for monetary compensation. The sole holdout was Winfield Scott Proskey, a retired colonel who refused to move out until his lease expired later that year. Cumberland Realty unsuccessfully attempted to deactivate Proskey's water and gas supply, and Proskey continued to live in the Cumberland while contractors demolished all of the surrounding apartments. By the end of May 1901, Cumberland Realty discovered that Proskey was bankrupt, and his creditors took over the lease and razed the rest of the Cumberland that June.
The New York Herald published an image of the site on June 2, 1901, with the caption "Flatiron Building". The project's structural engineer, Corydon Purdy, filed plans for a 20-story building on the site were filed that August. The Flatiron Building was not the first building of its triangular ground-plan, although it was the largest at the time of its completion. Earlier buildings with a similar shape include a triangular Roman temple built on a similarly constricted site in the city of Verulamium, Britannia; Bridge House, Leeds, England (1875); the I.O.O.F. Centennial Building (1876) in Alpena, Michigan; and the English-American Building in Atlanta (1897). The Real Estate Record and Guide published a drawing of the building in October 1901; though the drawing was captioned "The Cumberland", it was very similar to the Flatiron Building's final design.
The Atlantic Terra Cotta Company began producing architectural terracotta pieces for the building in August 1901. Around the same time, the New York City Department of Buildings (DOB) indicated that it would refuse to approve Purdy's initial plans unless the engineers submitted detailed information about the framework, fireproofing, and wind-bracing systems. Purdy complied with most of the DOB's requests, submitting detailed drawings and documents, but he balked at the department's requirement that the design include fire escapes. For reasons that are unclear, the DOB dropped its requirement that the building contain fire escapes. In addition, the building was originally legally required to contain metal-framed windows, although this would have increased the cost of construction. The city's Board of Building Commissioners had granted an exemption to Black's syndicate, prompting allegations of favoritism. A new Buildings Department commissioner was appointed at the beginning of 1902, promising to enforce city building codes; this prompted general contractor Thompson–Starrett Co. to announce that the building's window frames would be made of fireproof wood with a copper coating.
The building's steel frame was manufactured by the American Bridge Company in Pennsylvania. The frame had risen above street level by January 1902. Construction was then halted for several weeks, first because of a delay in steel shipments, then because of a blizzard that occurred in February. Further delays were caused by a strike at the factory of Hecla Iron Works, which was manufacturing elevators and handrails for the building. The steel was so meticulously pre-cut that, according to The New York Times, the steel pieces could be connected "without so much as the alteration of a bored hole, or the exchange of a tiny rivet". Workers used air-powered tools to rivet the steel beams together, since such equipment was more efficient than steam-powered tools at conducting power over long distances. The frame was complete by February 1902, and workers began installing the terracotta tiles as the framework of the top stories were being finished. By mid-May, the building was half-covered by terracotta tiling. The terracotta work was completed the next month, and the scaffolding in front of the building was removed. The Fifth Avenue Building Company had invested $1.5 million in the project.
Officials of the Fuller Company announced in August 1902 that the structure would be officially named after George A. Fuller, founder of the Fuller Company and "father of the skyscraper", who had died two years earlier. By then, the site had been known as the "flatiron" for several years; according to Christopher Gray of The New York Times, Burnham's and Fuller's architectural drawings even labeled the structure as the "Flatiron Building". Although the Fuller name was used for some time after the building's completion, locals persisted in calling it the Flatiron, to the displeasure of Harry Black and the building's contractors. In subsequent years, the edifice officially came to be known as the Flatiron Building, and the Fuller name was transferred to a newer 40-story structure at 597 Madison Avenue.
In the weeks before the official opening, the Fuller Company distributed six-page brochures to potential tenants and real-estate brokers. The brochures advertised the building as being "ready for occupancy" on October 1, 1902. The Fuller Company took the 19th floor for its headquarters. When completed, the Flatiron Building was much taller than others in the neighborhood; when New York City Fire Department officials tested the building's standpipes in November 1902, they found that "the 'flat-iron' building would be of great aid in fighting the fire" in any surrounding buildings. Following the building's completion, the surrounding neighborhood evolved from an entertainment district to a commercial hub. Initially, the building was topped by a flagpole, which was maintained by one man, "Steeplejack" Kay, for four decades. Henry Clay Frick expressed interest in purchasing the structure in 1904 for $5 million, but he ultimately withdrew his offer.
During the building's construction, Black had suggested that the "cowcatcher" retail space be installed at the northern tip of the building, occupying 93 square feet (8.6 m2) of unused space at the extreme northern end of the lot. This would maximize use of the building's lot and produce some retail income. Burnham initially refused to consider Black's suggestion, and, in April 1902, Black asked a draftsman at the Fuller Company to draw up plans for the retail space. Black submitted plans for the annex to the DOB in May 1902. The DOB rejected the initial plans because the walls were too thin, but the department approved a revised proposal that June, to Burnham's disapproval. The retail space in the "cowcatcher" was leased by United Cigar Stores.
Another addition to the building not in the original plan was the penthouse, which was constructed after the rest of the building had been completed. By 1905, the Fuller Company needed to expand its technical drawing facilities. As a result, the company filed plans for a penthouse with the New York City Department of Buildings that March. The penthouse would cost $10,000 and would include fireproof partitions and a staircase from the existing 20th floor. The penthouse, intended for use as artists' studios, was quickly rented out to artists such as Louis Fancher, many of whom contributed to the pulp magazines which were produced in the offices below.
New York, often called New York City or simply NYC, is the most populous city in the United States, located at the southern tip of New York State on one of the world's largest natural harbors. The city comprises five boroughs, each of which is coextensive with a respective county. It is a global city and a cultural, financial, high-tech, entertainment, and media center with a significant influence on commerce, health care, scientific output, life sciences, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, dining, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy, and is sometimes described as the world's most important city and the capital of the world.
With an estimated population in 2022 of 8,335,897 distributed over 300.46 square miles (778.2 km2), the city is the most densely populated major city in the United States. New York has more than double the population of Los Angeles, the nation's second-most populous city. New York is the geographical and demographic center of both the Northeast megalopolis and the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the U.S. by both population and urban area. With more than 20.1 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and 23.5 million in its combined statistical area as of 2020, New York City is one of the world's most populous megacities. The city and its metropolitan area are the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. In 2021, the city was home to nearly 3.1 million residents born outside the U.S., the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world.
New York City traces its origins to Fort Amsterdam and a trading post founded on the southern tip of Manhattan Island by Dutch colonists in approximately 1624. The settlement was named New Amsterdam (Dutch: Nieuw Amsterdam) in 1626 and was chartered as a city in 1653. The city came under English control in 1664 and was renamed New York after King Charles II granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. The city was temporarily regained by the Dutch in July 1673 and was renamed New Orange; however, the city has been named New York since November 1674. New York City was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. The modern city was formed by the 1898 consolidation of its five boroughs: Manhattan, Brooklyn, Queens, The Bronx, and Staten Island, and has been the largest U.S. city ever since.
Anchored by Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, New York City has been called both the world's premier financial and fintech center and the most economically powerful city in the world. As of 2022, the New York metropolitan area is the largest metropolitan economy in the world with a gross metropolitan product of over US$2.16 trillion. If the New York metropolitan area were its own country, it would have the tenth-largest economy in the world. The city is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by market capitalization of their listed companies: the New York Stock Exchange and Nasdaq. New York City is an established safe haven for global investors. As of 2023, New York City is the most expensive city in the world for expatriates to live. New York City is home to the highest number of billionaires, individuals of ultra-high net worth (greater than US$30 million), and millionaires of any city in the world
The written history of New York City began with the first European explorer, the Italian Giovanni da Verrazzano in 1524. European settlement began with the Dutch in 1608 and New Amsterdam was founded in 1624.
The "Sons of Liberty" campaigned against British authority in New York City, and the Stamp Act Congress of representatives from throughout the Thirteen Colonies met in the city in 1765 to organize resistance to Crown policies. The city's strategic location and status as a major seaport made it the prime target for British seizure in 1776. General George Washington lost a series of battles from which he narrowly escaped (with the notable exception of the Battle of Harlem Heights, his first victory of the war), and the British Army occupied New York and made it their base on the continent until late 1783, attracting Loyalist refugees.
The city served as the national capital under the Articles of Confederation from 1785 to 1789, and briefly served as the new nation's capital in 1789–90 under the United States Constitution. Under the new government, the city hosted the inauguration of George Washington as the first President of the United States, the drafting of the United States Bill of Rights, and the first Supreme Court of the United States. The opening of the Erie Canal gave excellent steamboat connections with upstate New York and the Great Lakes, along with coastal traffic to lower New England, making the city the preeminent port on the Atlantic Ocean. The arrival of rail connections to the north and west in the 1840s and 1850s strengthened its central role.
Beginning in the mid-19th century, waves of new immigrants arrived from Europe dramatically changing the composition of the city and serving as workers in the expanding industries. Modern New York traces its development to the consolidation of the five boroughs in 1898 and an economic and building boom following the Great Depression and World War II. Throughout its history, New York has served as a main port of entry for many immigrants, and its cultural and economic influence has made it one of the most important urban areas in the United States and the world. The economy in the 1700s was based on farming, local production, fur trading, and Atlantic jobs like shipbuilding. In the 1700s, New York was sometimes referred to as a breadbasket colony, because one of its major crops was wheat. New York colony also exported other goods included iron ore as a raw material and as manufactured goods such as tools, plows, nails and kitchen items such as kettles, pans and pots.
The area that eventually encompassed modern day New York was inhabited by the Lenape people. These groups of culturally and linguistically related Native Americans traditionally spoke an Algonquian language now referred to as Unami. Early European settlers called bands of Lenape by the Unami place name for where they lived, such as "Raritan" in Staten Island and New Jersey, "Canarsee" in Brooklyn, and "Hackensack" in New Jersey across the Hudson River from Lower Manhattan. Some modern place names such as Raritan Bay and Canarsie are derived from Lenape names. Eastern Long Island neighbors were culturally and linguistically more closely related to the Mohegan-Pequot peoples of New England who spoke the Mohegan-Montauk-Narragansett language.
These peoples made use of the abundant waterways in the New York region for fishing, hunting trips, trade, and occasionally war. Many paths created by the indigenous peoples are now main thoroughfares, such as Broadway in Manhattan, the Bronx, and Westchester. The Lenape developed sophisticated techniques of hunting and managing their resources. By the time of the arrival of Europeans, they were cultivating fields of vegetation through the slash and burn technique, which extended the productive life of planted fields. They also harvested vast quantities of fish and shellfish from the bay. Historians estimate that at the time of European settlement, approximately 5,000 Lenape lived in 80 settlements around the region.
The first European visitor to the area was Giovanni da Verrazzano, an Italian in command of the French ship La Dauphine in 1524. It is believed he sailed into Upper New York Bay, where he encountered native Lenape, returned through the Narrows, where he anchored the night of April 17, and left to continue his voyage. He named the area New Angoulême (La Nouvelle-Angoulême) in honor of Francis I, King of France of the royal house of Valois-Angoulême and who had been Count of Angoulême from 1496 until his coronation in 1515. The name refers to the town of Angoulême, in the Charente département of France. For the next century, the area was occasionally visited by fur traders or explorers, such as by Esteban Gomez in 1525.
European exploration continued on September 2, 1609, when the Englishman Henry Hudson, in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, sailed the Half Moon through the Narrows into Upper New York Bay. Like Christopher Columbus, Hudson was looking for a westerly passage to Asia. He never found one, but he did take note of the abundant beaver population. Beaver pelts were in fashion in Europe, fueling a lucrative business. Hudson's report on the regional beaver population served as the impetus for the founding of Dutch trading colonies in the New World. The beaver's importance in New York's history is reflected by its use on the city's official seal.
The first Dutch fur trading posts and settlements were in 1614 near present-day Albany, New York, the same year that New Netherland first appeared on maps. Only in May 1624 did the Dutch West India Company land a number of families at Noten Eylant (today's Governors Island) off the southern tip of Manhattan at the mouth of the North River (today's Hudson River). Soon thereafter, most likely in 1626, construction of Fort Amsterdam began. Later, the Dutch West Indies Company imported African slaves to serve as laborers; they were forced to build the wall that defended the town against English and Indian attacks. Early directors included Willem Verhulst and Peter Minuit. Willem Kieft became director in 1638 but five years later was embroiled in Kieft's War against the Native Americans. The Pavonia Massacre, across the Hudson River in present-day Jersey City, resulted in the death of 80 natives in February 1643. Following the massacre, Algonquian tribes joined forces and nearly defeated the Dutch. Holland sent additional forces to the aid of Kieft, leading to the overwhelming defeat of the Native Americans and a peace treaty on August 29, 1645.
On May 27, 1647, Peter Stuyvesant was inaugurated as director general upon his arrival and ruled as a member of the Dutch Reformed Church. The colony was granted self-government in 1652, and New Amsterdam was incorporated as a city on February 2, 1653. The first mayors (burgemeesters) of New Amsterdam, Arent van Hattem and Martin Cregier, were appointed in that year. By the early 1660s, the population consisted of approximately 1500 Europeans, only about half of whom were Dutch, and 375 Africans, 300 of whom were slaves.
A few of the original Dutch place names have been retained, most notably Flushing (after the Dutch town of Vlissingen), Harlem (after Haarlem), and Brooklyn (after Breukelen). Few buildings, however, remain from the 17th century. The oldest recorded house still in existence in New York, the Pieter Claesen Wyckoff House in Brooklyn, dates from 1652.
On August 27, 1664, four English frigates under the command of Col. Richard Nicolls sailed into New Amsterdam's harbor and demanded New Netherland's surrender, as part of an effort by King Charles II's brother James, Duke of York, the Lord High Admiral to provoke the Second Anglo-Dutch War. Two weeks later, Stuyvesant officially capitulated by signing Articles of Surrender and in June 1665, the town was reincorporated under English law and renamed "New York" after the Duke, and Fort Orange was renamed "Fort Albany". The war ended in a Dutch victory in 1667, but the colony remained under English rule as stipulated in the Treaty of Breda. During the Third Anglo-Dutch War, the Dutch briefly recaptured the city in 1673, renaming the city "New Orange", before permanently ceding the colony of New Netherland to England for what is now Suriname in November 1674 at the Treaty of Westminster.
The colony benefited from increased immigration from Europe and its population grew faster. The Bolting Act of 1678, whereby no mill outside the city was permitted to grind wheat or corn, boosted growth until its repeal in 1694, increasing the number of houses over the period from 384 to 983.
In the context of the Glorious Revolution in England, Jacob Leisler led Leisler's Rebellion and effectively controlled the city and surrounding areas from 1689 to 1691, before being arrested and executed.
Lawyers
In New York at first, legal practitioners were full-time businessmen and merchants, with no legal training, who had watched a few court proceedings, and mostly used their own common sense together with snippets they had picked up about English law. Court proceedings were quite informal, for the judges had no more training than the attorneys.
By the 1760s, the situation had dramatically changed. Lawyers were essential to the rapidly growing international trade, dealing with questions of partnerships, contracts, and insurance. The sums of money involved were large, and hiring an incompetent lawyer was a very expensive proposition. Lawyers were now professionally trained, and conversant in an extremely complex language that combined highly specific legal terms and motions with a dose of Latin. Court proceedings became a baffling mystery to the ordinary layman. Lawyers became more specialized and built their reputation, and their fee schedule, on the basis of their reputation for success. But as their status, wealth and power rose, animosity grew even faster. By the 1750s and 1760s, there was a widespread attack ridiculing and demeaning the lawyers as pettifoggers (lawyers lacking sound legal skills). Their image and influence declined. The lawyers organized a bar association, but it fell apart in 1768 during the bitter political dispute between the factions based in the Delancey and Livingston families. A large fraction of the prominent lawyers were Loyalists; their clientele was often to royal authority or British merchants and financiers. They were not allowed to practice law unless they took a loyalty oath to the new United States of America. Many went to Britain or Canada (primarily to New Brunswick and Nova Scotia) after losing the war.
For the next century, various attempts were made, and failed, to build an effective organization of lawyers. Finally a Bar Association emerged in 1869 that proved successful and continues to operate.
By 1700, the Lenape population of New York had diminished to 200. The Dutch West Indies Company transported African slaves to the post as trading laborers used to build the fort and stockade, and some gained freedom under the Dutch. After the seizure of the colony in 1664, the slave trade continued to be legal. In 1703, 42% of the New York households had slaves; they served as domestic servants and laborers but also became involved in skilled trades, shipping and other fields. Yet following reform in ethics according to American Enlightenment thought, by the 1770s slaves made up less than 25% of the population.
By the 1740s, 20% of the residents of New York were slaves, totaling about 2,500 people.
After a series of fires in 1741, the city panicked over rumors of its black population conspiring with some poor whites to burn the city. Historians believe their alarm was mostly fabrication and fear, but officials rounded up 31 black and 4 white people, who over a period of months were convicted of arson. Of these, the city executed 13 black people by burning them alive and hanged the remainder of those incriminated.
The Stamp Act and other British measures fomented dissent, particularly among Sons of Liberty who maintained a long-running skirmish with locally stationed British troops over Liberty Poles from 1766 to 1776. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York City in 1765 in the first organized resistance to British authority across the colonies. After the major defeat of the Continental Army in the Battle of Long Island in late 1776, General George Washington withdrew to Manhattan Island, but with the subsequent defeat at the Battle of Fort Washington the island was effectively left to the British. The city became a haven for loyalist refugees, becoming a British stronghold for the entire war. Consequently, the area also became the focal point for Washington's espionage and intelligence-gathering throughout the war.
New York was greatly damaged twice by fires of suspicious origin, with the Loyalists and Patriots accusing each other of starting the conflagration. The city became the political and military center of operations for the British in North America for the remainder of the war. Continental Army officer Nathan Hale was hanged in Manhattan for espionage. In addition, the British began to hold the majority of captured American prisoners of war aboard prison ships in Wallabout Bay, across the East River in Brooklyn. More Americans lost their lives aboard these ships than died in all the battles of the war. The British occupation lasted until November 25, 1783. George Washington triumphantly returned to the city that day, as the last British forces left the city.
Starting in 1785 the Congress met in the city of New York under the Articles of Confederation. In 1789, New York became the first national capital under the new Constitution. The Constitution also created the current Congress of the United States, and its first sitting was at Federal Hall on Wall Street. The first Supreme Court sat there. The United States Bill of Rights was drafted and ratified there. George Washington was inaugurated at Federal Hall. New York remained the national capital until 1790, when the role was transferred to Philadelphia.
During the 19th century, the city was transformed by immigration, a visionary development proposal called the Commissioners' Plan of 1811 which expanded the city street grid to encompass all of Manhattan, and the opening of the Erie Canal in 1825, which connected the Atlantic port to the vast agricultural markets of the Midwestern United States and Canada. By 1835, New York had surpassed Philadelphia as the largest city in the United States. New York grew as an economic center, first as a result of Alexander Hamilton's policies and practices as the first Secretary of the Treasury.
In 1842, water was piped from a reservoir to supply the city for the first time.
The Great Irish Famine (1845–1850) brought a large influx of Irish immigrants, and by 1850 the Irish comprised one quarter of the city's population. Government institutions, including the New York City Police Department and the public schools, were established in the 1840s and 1850s to respond to growing demands of residents. In 1831, New York University was founded by U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin as a non-denominal institution surrounding Washington Square Park.
This period started with the 1855 inauguration of Fernando Wood as the first mayor from Tammany Hall. It was the political machine based among Irish Americans that controlled the local Democratic Party. It usually dominated local politics throughout this period and into the 1930s. Public-minded members of the merchant community pressed for a Central Park, which was opened to a design competition in 1857; it became the first landscape park in an American city.
During the American Civil War (1861–1865), the city was affected by its history of strong commercial ties to the South; before the war, half of its exports were related to cotton, including textiles from upstate mills. Together with its growing immigrant population, which was angry about conscription, sympathies among residents were divided for both the Union and Confederacy at the outbreak of war. Tensions related to the war culminated in the Draft Riots of 1863 led by Irish Catholics, who attacked black neighborhood and abolitionist homes. Many blacks left the city and moved to Brooklyn. After the Civil War, the rate of immigration from Europe grew steeply, and New York became the first stop for millions seeking a new and better life in the United States, a role acknowledged by the dedication of the Statue of Liberty in 1886.
From 1890 to 1930, the largest cities, led by New York, were the focus of international attention. The skyscrapers and tourist attractions were widely publicized. Suburbs were emerging as bedroom communities for commuters to the central city. San Francisco dominated the West, Atlanta dominated the South, Boston dominated New England; Chicago dominated the Midwest United States. New York City dominated the entire nation in terms of communications, trade, finance, popular culture, and high culture. More than a fourth of the 300 largest corporations in 1920 were headquartered here.
In 1898, the modern City of New York was formed with the consolidation of Brooklyn (until then an independent city), Manhattan, and outlying areas. Manhattan and the Bronx were established as two separate boroughs and joined with three other boroughs created from parts of adjacent counties to form the new municipal government originally called "Greater New York". The Borough of Brooklyn incorporated the independent City of Brooklyn, recently joined to Manhattan by the Brooklyn Bridge; the Borough of Queens was created from western Queens County (with the remnant established as Nassau County in 1899); and the Borough of Richmond contained all of Richmond County. Municipal governments contained within the boroughs were abolished, and the county governmental functions were absorbed by the city or each borough. In 1914, the New York State Legislature created Bronx County, making five counties coterminous with the five boroughs.
The Bronx had a steady boom period during 1898–1929, with a population growth by a factor of six from 200,000 in 1900 to 1.3 million in 1930. The Great Depression created a surge of unemployment, especially among the working class, and a slow-down of growth.
On June 15, 1904, over 1,000 people, mostly German immigrant women and children, were killed when the excursion steamship General Slocum caught fire and sank. It is the city's worst maritime disaster. On March 25, 1911, the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in Greenwich Village took the lives of 146 garment workers. In response, the city made great advancements in the fire department, building codes, and workplace regulations.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, the city became a world center for industry, commerce, and communication, marking its rising influence with such events as the Hudson-Fulton Celebration of 1909. Interborough Rapid Transit (the first New York City Subway company) began operating in 1904, and the railroads operating out of Grand Central Terminal and Pennsylvania Station thrived.
From 1918 to 1920, New York City was affected by the largest rent strike wave in its history. Somewhere between several 10,000's and 100,000's of tenants struck across the city. A WW1 housing and coal shortage sparked the strikes. It became marked both by occasional violent scuffles and the Red Scare. It would lead to the passage of the first rent laws in the nations history.
The city was a destination for internal migrants as well as immigrants. Through 1940, New York was a major destination for African Americans during the Great Migration from the rural American South. The Harlem Renaissance flourished during the 1920s and the era of Prohibition. New York's ever accelerating changes and rising crime and poverty rates were reduced after World War I disrupted trade routes, the Immigration Restriction Acts limited additional immigration after the war, and the Great Depression reduced the need for new labor. The combination ended the rule of the Gilded Age barons. As the city's demographics temporarily stabilized, labor unionization helped the working class gain new protections and middle-class affluence, the city's government and infrastructure underwent a dramatic overhaul under Fiorello La Guardia, and his controversial parks commissioner, Robert Moses, ended the blight of many tenement areas, expanded new parks, remade streets, and restricted and reorganized zoning controls.
For a while, New York ranked as the most populous city in the world, overtaking London in 1925, which had reigned for a century.[58] During the difficult years of the Great Depression, the reformer Fiorello La Guardia was elected as mayor, and Tammany Hall fell after eighty years of political dominance.
Despite the effects of the Great Depression, some of the world's tallest skyscrapers were built during the 1930s. Art Deco architecture—such as the iconic Chrysler Building, Empire State Building, and 30 Rockefeller Plaza— came to define the city's skyline. The construction of the Rockefeller Center occurred in the 1930s and was the largest-ever private development project at the time. Both before and especially after World War II, vast areas of the city were also reshaped by the construction of bridges, parks and parkways coordinated by Robert Moses, the greatest proponent of automobile-centered modernist urbanism in America.
Returning World War II veterans and immigrants from Europe created a postwar economic boom. Demands for new housing were aided by the G.I. Bill for veterans, stimulating the development of huge suburban tracts in eastern Queens and Nassau County. The city was extensively photographed during the post–war years by photographer Todd Webb.
New York emerged from the war as the leading city of the world, with Wall Street leading the United States ascendancy. In 1951, the United Nations relocated from its first headquarters in Flushing Meadows Park, Queens, to the East Side of Manhattan. During the late 1960s, the views of real estate developer and city leader Robert Moses began to fall out of favor as the anti-urban renewal views of Jane Jacobs gained popularity. Citizen rebellion stopped a plan to construct an expressway through Lower Manhattan.
After a short war boom, the Bronx declined from 1950 to 1985, going from predominantly moderate-income to mostly lower-income, with high rates of violent crime and poverty. The Bronx has experienced an economic and developmental resurgence starting in the late 1980s that continues into today.
The transition away from the industrial base toward a service economy picked up speed, while the jobs in the large shipbuilding and garment industries declined sharply. The ports converted to container ships, costing many traditional jobs among longshoremen. Many large corporations moved their headquarters to the suburbs or to distant cities. At the same time, there was enormous growth in services, especially finance, education, medicine, tourism, communications and law. New York remained the largest city and largest metropolitan area in the United States, and continued as its largest financial, commercial, information, and cultural center.
Like many major U.S. cities, New York suffered race riots, gang wars and some population decline in the late 1960s. Street activists and minority groups such as the Black Panthers and Young Lords organized rent strikes and garbage offensives, demanding improved city services for poor areas. They also set up free health clinics and other programs, as a guide for organizing and gaining "Power to the People." By the 1970s the city had gained a reputation as a crime-ridden relic of history. In 1975, the city government avoided bankruptcy only through a federal loan and debt restructuring by the Municipal Assistance Corporation, headed by Felix Rohatyn. The city was also forced to accept increased financial scrutiny by an agency of New York State. In 1977, the city was struck by the New York City blackout of 1977 and serial slayings by the Son of Sam.
The 1980s began a rebirth of Wall Street, and the city reclaimed its role at the center of the worldwide financial industry. Unemployment and crime remained high, the latter reaching peak levels in some categories around the close of the decade and the beginning of the 1990s. Neighborhood restoration projects funded by the city and state had very good effects for New York, especially Bedford-Stuyvesant, Harlem, and The Bronx. The city later resumed its social and economic recovery, bolstered by the influx of Asians, Latin Americans, and U.S. citizens, and by new crime-fighting techniques on the part of the New York Police Department. In 1989, New York City elected its first African American Mayor, David Dinkins. He came out of the Harlem Clubhouse.
In the late 1990s, the city benefited from the nationwide fall of violent crime rates, the resurgence of the finance industry, and the growth of the "Silicon Alley", during the dot com boom, one of the factors in a decade of booming real estate values. New York was also able to attract more business and convert abandoned industrialized neighborhoods into arts or attractive residential neighborhoods; examples include the Meatpacking District and Chelsea (in Manhattan) and Williamsburg (in Brooklyn).
New York's population reached an all-time high in the 2000 census; according to census estimates since 2000, the city has continued to grow, including rapid growth in the most urbanized borough, Manhattan. During this period, New York City was a site of the September 11 attacks of 2001; 2,606 people who were in the towers and in the surrounding area were killed by a terrorist attack on the World Trade Center, an event considered highly traumatic for the city but which did not stop the city's rapid regrowth. On November 3, 2014, One World Trade Center opened on the site of the attack. Hurricane Sandy brought a destructive storm surge to New York in the evening of October 29, 2012, flooding numerous streets, tunnels, and subway lines in Lower Manhattan. It flooded low-lying areas of Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island. Electrical power was lost in many parts of the city and its suburbs.
Then Hannah prayed and said:
"My heart rejoices in the Lord;
in the Lord my horn[a] is lifted high.
My mouth boasts over my enemies,
for I delight in your deliverance.
"There is no one holy like the Lord;
there is no one besides you;
there is no Rock like our God.
"Do not keep talking so proudly
or let your mouth speak such arrogance,
for the Lord is a God who knows,
and by him deeds are weighed."
[1 Samuel 2:1-2 NIV]
5 THINGS YOU SHOULD KNOW:
1. Like it or not, we are ALL sinners: As the Scriptures say, “No one is righteous—not even one. No one is truly wise; no one is seeking God. All have turned away; all have become useless. No one does good, not a single one.” (Romans 3:10-12 NLT)
2. The punishment for sin is death: When Adam sinned, sin entered the world. Adam’s sin brought death, so death spread to everyone, for everyone sinned. (Romans 5:12 NLT)
3. Jesus is our only hope: But God showed his great love for us by sending Christ to die for us while we were still sinners. (Romans 5:8 NLT) For the wages of sin is death, but the free gift of God is eternal life through Christ Jesus our Lord. (Romans 6:23 NLT)
4. SALVATION is by GRACE through FAITH in JESUS: God saved you by his grace when you believed. And you can’t take credit for this; it is a gift from God. Salvation is not a reward for the good things we have done, so none of us can boast about it. For we are God’s masterpiece. He has created us anew in Christ Jesus, so we can do the good things he planned for us long ago. (Ephesians 2:8-10 NLT)
5. Accept Jesus and receive eternal life: If you openly declare that Jesus is Lord and believe in your heart that God raised him from the dead, you will be saved. (Romans 10:9 NLT) But to all who believed him and accepted him, he gave the right to become children of God. (John 1:12 NLT) And this is what God has testified: He has given us eternal life, and this life is in his Son. Whoever has the Son has life; whoever does not have God’s Son does not have life. (1 John 5:11-12 NLT)
Read the Bible for yourself. Allow the Lord to speak to you through his Word. YOUR ETERNITY IS AT STAKE!
Curcuma is a genus of about 100 accepted species in the family Zingiberaceae that contains such species as turmeric and Siam Tulip. They are native to Southeast Asia, southern China, the Indian Subcontinent, New Guinea and northern Australia.
Fotos del concierto de Accept en la sala La Riviera de Madrid para la revista KERRANG!
También podeis seguir mi trabajo en facebook!
You can also follow me on facebook!
Freya Stark in her book 'Riding to the Tigris' (1959) reflects romantically on the nomad way of life:
It is easy for the peasant, and for all of us who live in civilisation and think to make the world more habitable, to point out that the nomad does very little. He leaves things as he finds them, destroying them in a small way if it suits him. He does not spend his life as we do in altering the accidents that happen to us so to make them more bearable - but he accepts them with gaiety and endures them with fortitude, and this is his triumph and charm. We may think reasonably enough that we dominate circumstances more then he does, since we adapt them to our needs but he has discovered that the meaning of life is more important than its circumstance - and this freedom of the soul, in which all things that happen come and go, makes him splendid - him and his gaunt women and dogs and horses, on the edge of starvation in the rain and the sun. His life does not allow him to forget the greater size of the world; and no amount of civilisation is worth the loss of this fundamental sense of proportion between the universe and man.
Autoportrait / Selfportrait
'' Raide et immobile
Ses pensées bouleversées
Et son âme volubile
Elle reste bouche bée
Ses idées filent
Lèvres scellées
Cœur malhabile
A-t-elle la force d'accepter ''
'' Stiff and still
Her upset mind
and her voluble soul
She remains wordless
Spinning ideas
Sealed lips
Unskillful heart
Does she have the strength to accept ''
Canon EOS 5D
Nikon Ai Nikkor 300mm F4.5s ED (IF)
キショウブ
Iris pseudacorus L., 1753
This name is accepted.
Confirmation Date: 03/16, 2023.
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Family: Iridaceae (APG IV)
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Authors:
Carl von Linnaeus (1707-1778)
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Published In:
Species Plantarum
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Collation:
1: 38
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Date of Publication:
1 May 1753
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The native range of this species is Europe to Caucasus, Medit. to Iran. It is a rhizomatous geophyte or helophyte and grows primarily in the temperate biome.
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Distribution Native to:
Albania, Algeria, Austria, Baleares, Baltic States, Belarus, Belgium, Bulgaria, Central European Rus, Corse, Czechoslovakia, Denmark, East Aegean Is., East European Russia, Finland, France, Føroyar, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Hungary, Iran, Ireland, Italy, Kazakhstan, Kriti, Krym, Madeira, Morocco, Netherlands, North Caucasus, North European Russi, Northwest European R, Norway, Palestine, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardegna, Sicilia, South European Russi, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Transcaucasus, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkey-in-Europe, Ukraine, West Siberia, Yugoslavia
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Introduced into:
Alabama, Argentina Northeast, Arkansas, British Columbia, California, Colorado, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, India, Iowa, Japan, Kansas, Kentucky, Korea, Louisiana, Maine, Manitoba, Maryland, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Brunswick, New Hampshire, New Mexico, New York, New Zealand North, Newfoundland, North Carolina, Nova Scotia, Ohio, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Prince Edward I., Québec, Rhode I., South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin
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Distribution:Europe to Caucasus, Medit. to Iran
10 DEN FIN FOR GRB IRE NOR SWE 11 AUT BGM CZE GER HUN NET POL SWI 12 BAL COR FRA POR SAR SPA 13 ALB BUL GRC ITA KRI ROM SIC TUE YUG 14 BLR BLT KRY RUC RUE RUN RUS RUW UKR 20 ALG MOR TUN 21 MDR 30 WSB 32 KAZ 33 NCS TCS 34 EAI IRN PAL TUR (38) jap kor (40) ind (51) nzn (71) brc man (72) nbr nfl nsc ont pei que (73) col was (74) ill iow kan min mso wis (75) mai mas nwh nwy ohi pen rho ver wva (76) cal (77) nwm (78) ala ark del fla geo kty lou nca sca ten vrg wdc (85) age
Lifeform:Rhizome geophyte or hel.
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Homotypic Synonyms:
Iris palustris Gaterau in Descr. Pl. Montauban: 31 (1789), nom. superfl.
Limnirion pseudacorus (L.) Opiz in Seznam: 59 (1852)
Limniris pseudacorus (L.) Fuss in Fl. Transsilv.: 636 (1866)
Pseudo-iris palustris Medik. in Hist. & Commentat. Acad. Elect. Sci. Theod.-Palat. 6: 417 (1790), nom. superfl.
Xiphion pseudacorus (L.) Schrank in Fl. Monac. 1: t. 99 (1811)
Xyridion pseudacorus (L.) Klatt in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 30: 500 (1872)
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Heterotypic Synonyms:
Acorus adulterinus Ludw. in Herb. Blackwell.: t. 261 (1755-1757)
Iris acoriformis Boreau in Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 635 (1857)
Iris acoroides Spach in Hist. Nat. Vég. 13: 44 (1846)
Iris bastardii Boreau in Fl. Centre France, ed. 3, 2: 635 (1857)
Iris curtopetala Redouté in Liliac. 6: t. 340 (1811)
Iris flava Tornab. in Fl. Sicul.: 212 (1887)
Iris lutea Ludw. in Herb. Blackwell.: t. 261 (1755-1757)
Iris pallidior Hill in Brit. Herb.: 473 (1756)
Iris paludosa Pers. in Syn. Pl. 1: 52 (1805)
Iris palustris Moench in Methodus: 528 (1794), nom. illeg.
Iris palustris var. pallida Gray in Nat. Arr. Brit. Pl. 2: 196 (1821 publ. 1822)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. acoriformis (Boreau) Baker in J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 16: 190 (1877)
Iris pseudacorus L. subsp. acoriformis (Boreau) K.Richt. in Pl. Eur. 1: 257 (1890)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. acoriformis (Boreau) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 702 (1882)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. acoroides (Spach) Baker in Handb. Irid.: 11 (1892)
Iris pseudacorus L. forma albescens Neuman in Sver. Fl.: 641 (1901)
Iris pseudacorus L. subvar. aurantiaca Druce in Rep. Bot. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 5: 53 (1917)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. bastardii (Boreau) Nyman in Consp. Fl. Eur.: 702 (1882)
Iris pseudacorus L. subsp. bastardii (Boreau) K.Richt. in Pl. Eur. 1: 257 (1890)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. citrina Hook. in Brit. Fl.: 18 (1830)
Iris pseudacorus L. forma longiacuminata Prodan in Bul. Grăd. Bot. Univ. Cluj 15: 67 (1935)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. longifolia DC. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck & A.P.de Candolle, Fl. Franç., éd. 3, 3: 237 (1805)
Iris pseudacorus L. forma nyaradyana Prodan in T.Săvulescu, Fl. Republ. Socialist. România 11: 852 (1966)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. ochroleuca Peterm. in Flora 27: 344 (1844)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. parviflora Bastard in Essai Fl. Maine et Loire, Suppl.: 23 (1812)
Iris pseudacorus L. var. parviflorum Bastard in Essai Fl. Maine et Loire, Suppl.: 23 (1812)
Iris pseudacorus L. forma submersa Glück in Biol. Morphol. Untersuch. Wasser- Sumpfgewächse 3: 13 (1911)
Iris sativa Mill. in Gard. Dict. ed. 8.: n.° 15 (1768)
Moraea candolleana Spreng. in Syst. Veg., 1: 164 (1824)
Vieusseuxia iridioides Redouté in Liliac. 6: t. 340 (1811), pro syn.
Xiphion acoroides (Spach) Alef. in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 21: 297 (1863)
Xyridion acoroideum (Spach) Klatt in Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 30: 500 (1872)
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Publications:
POWO follows these authorities in accepting this name:
Alexeyeva, N. (2008). Genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 11(2): 5-68.
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Colasante, M.A. (2014). Iridaceae presenti in Italia: 1-415. Sapienza, Università Editrice, Roma.
Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.
Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area: 404-410. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 381-450. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Denslow, M.W., Katz, G.L. & Jennings, W.F. (2011). First record of Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) from Colorado. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5: 327-328.
Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1986). Flora Palaestina 4: 112-137. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1985). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 3. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 1: 5-103.
Innes, C. (1985). The World of Iridaceae: 1-407. Holly Gare International Ltd., Ashington.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1-586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Maire, R. (1959 publ. 1960). Flore de l'Afrique du Nord 6: 1-397. Paul Lechevalier, Paris.
Malyschev L.I. & Peschkova , G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 4: 1-238. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
Mirek, Z., Piękoś-Mirkowa, H., Zając, A. & Zając, M (2020). Vascular plants of Poland an annotated checklist: 1-526. W. Szafer institute of botany, Polish academy of sciences, Krakow, Poland.
Muer, T., Sauerbier, H. & Cabrara Calixto, F. (2020). Die Farn- und Blütenpflanzen Madeiras: 1-792. Verlag und Versandbuchhandlung Andreas Kleinsteuber.
Múlgura, M.E. (1996). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina 1: 205-217. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1958). Flora Kazakhstana 2: 1-290. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
Post, G.E. (1933). Fl. Syria, Palestine & Sinai 2: 583-604. American Press, Beirut.
Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Wendelbo, P. & Mathew, B (1975). Flora Iranica 112: 1-79. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
----------------------
Kew Backbone Distributions:
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana, ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Chadde, S.W. (2019). Minnesota Flora. An illustrated guide to the vascular plants of Minnesota ed. 2: 1-776. Steve W. Chadde.
Chadde, S.W. (2019). Wisconsin Flora ed. 2: 1-818. Steve W. Chadde.
Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area: 404-410. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 381-450. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Denslow, M.W., Katz, G.L. & Jennings, W.F. (2011). First record of Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) from Colorado. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5: 327-328.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Gilman, A.V. (2015). New flora of Vermont. Memoirs of the New York Botanical Garden 110: 1-614.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
Knapp, W.M. & Naczi, R.F.C. (2021). Vascular plants of Maryland, USA. A comprehensive account of the state's botanical diversity. Smithsonian Contributions to Botany 113: 1-151.
Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1-586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Maire, R. (1959 publ. 1960). Flore de l'Afrique du Nord 6: 1-397. Paul Lechevalier, Paris.
Meades, S.J. & Brouillet, L. (2019). Annotated Checklist of the Vascular Plants of Newfoundland and Labrador www.newfoundland-labradorflora.com/checklist.
Múlgura, M.E. (1996). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina 1: 205-217. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1958). Flora Kazakhstana 2: 1-290. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
Press, J.R. & Short, M.J. (eds.) (1994). Flora of Madeira: i-xviii, 1-574. HMSO.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Wendelbo, P. & Mathew, B (1975). Flora Iranica 112: 1-79. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
------------------------------------------
This name is Accepted by:
Post, G.E. (1933). Fl. Syria, Palestine & Sinai 2: 583-604. American Press, Beirut.
Komarov, V.L. (ed.) (1935). Flora SSSR 4: 1-586. Izdatel'stov Akademii Nauk SSSR, Leningrad.
Pavlov, N.V. (ed.) (1958). Flora Kazakhstana 2: 1-290. Alma-Ata, Izd-vo Akademii nauk Kazakhskoi SSR.
Maire, R. (1959 publ. 1960). Flore de l'Afrique du Nord 6: 1-397. Paul Lechevalier, Paris.
Wendelbo, P. & Mathew, B (1975). Flora Iranica 112: 1-79. Naturhistorisches Museums Wien.
Tutin, T.G. & al. (eds.) (1980). Flora Europaea 5: 1-452. Cambridge University Press.
Davis, P.H. (ed.) (1984). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands 8: 381-450. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
Innes, C. (1985). The World of Iridaceae: 1-407. Holly Gare International Ltd., Ashington.
Hansen, A. & Sunding, P. (1985). Flora of Macaronesia. Checklist of vascular plants. 3. revised edition. Sommerfeltia 1: 5-103.
Feinbrun-Dothan, N. (1986). Flora Palaestina 4: 112-137. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.
Múlgura, M.E. (1996). Catálogo de las Plantas Vasculares de la República Argentina 1: 205-217. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
Lee, W.T. (1996). Lineamenta Florae Koreae: 1-1688. Soul T'ukpyolsi: Ak'ademi Sojok.
Malyschev L.I. & Peschkova , G.A. (eds.) (2001). Flora of Siberia 4: 1-238. Scientific Publishers, Inc., Enfield, Plymouth.
Flora of North America Editorial Committee (2002). Flora of North America North of Mexico 26: 1-723. Oxford University Press, New York, Oxford.
Danin, A. (2004). Distribution Atlas of Plants in the Flora Palaestina Area: 404-410. Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities.
Takhtajan, A.L. (ed.) (2006). Konspekt Flora Kavkaza 2: 1-466. Editio Universitatis Petropolitanae.
Alexeyeva, N. (2008). Genus Iris L. (Iridaceae) in the Russia. Turczaninowia 11(2): 5-68.
Dobignard, D. & Chatelain, C. (2010). Index synonymique de la flore d'Afrique du nord 1: 1-455. Éditions des conservatoire et jardin botaniques, Genève.
Denslow, M.W., Katz, G.L. & Jennings, W.F. (2011). First record of Iris pseudacorus (Iridaceae) from Colorado. Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 5: 327-328.
Allred, K.W. (2012). Flora Neomexicana , ed. 2, 1: 1-599. Range Science Herbarium, Las Cruces, New Mexico.
Colasante, M.A. (2014). Iridaceae presenti in Italia: 1-415. Sapienza, Università Editrice, Roma.
Chang, C.S., Kim, H. & Chang, K.S. (2014). Provisional checklist of vascular plants for the Korea peninsula flora (KPF): 1-660. DESIGNPOST.
Iwatsuki, K., Boufford, D.E. & Ohba, H. (2016). Flora of Japan IVb: 1-335. Kodansha Ltd., Tokyo.
------------------------------------------
Copyright 2008 M. Fleur-Ange Lamothe
"Beauty can be achieved in many ways... It depends on the way a thing is done."
Gunnar Asplund, Wolter Gahn, Sven Markelius, Gregor Paulsson, Eskil Sundahl
Three unemployed actors accept an invitation to a Mexican village to replay their bandit fighter roles, unaware that it is the real thing
Jasmine my ethereal girl. Jasmine is very much enjoying having us home 24/7 since 3/5. I am starting to learn how to groom my dogs. I used to 35 yrs. ago. Never was good at it, but. . . Then early arthritis in my hands and back led me to seek out professional grooming. Now I am too high risk to take the chance of going out. So, I have an Oster with a 10 blade and started out by doing my dogs' faces. That I always have been able to do sort of ok. But the rest. . . . I have ordered a 4F blade for the rest of their body. I am ordering a dremel for their nails. Got a tool to remove ear hair, etc. Lots to learn. A lilttle every day. So far so good.
I had the foresight to get both dogs trimmed way down on 3/4, except for their tails, ears and top of head. Normally,, I keep them fairly long. I think I can manage this. We shall see. Jasmine and Jake are such good company. We are all happy together, and are fortunate to live in the Florida Keys with good weather, and a lovely view. Our small house feels cozy and open.
Jasmine is learning to walk on her hind legs more upon command.
Our community was a poster child for what not to do when a coronavirus tsunami is about to descend. Go ahead and welcome spring breakers and tourists, throw big parties and have crowded festivals, and modify nothing. Keep all the hotels and restaurans open until 3/21. Grrr. We are high risk so we are not happy with all the tourists and spring breakers that crowded into our small village. This was the worst and most crowded spring break ever. I think many other places were already closed, so people came here. Our County and State and country had the science, data and knowledge and did not keep us safe. We shall see what happens. I can't change the past. At least there are now some protections in place, but our state is STILL not in lockdown. I am concerned for our future here.
I have been way too busy writing letters and advocating for folowing the science and protections. We have had success, but weeks too late. I fear the window of opportunity was missed. I hope not. Maybe we can still squeak by. Such minimal testing that our numbers are meaningless, accept for the growing hospitalizations in a small county with maybe 17 ICU beds, and very few beds period. No apparent plans to deal with this. Grrr.
Finally our county did put up checkpoints on the only two roads into the Florida Keys. It may sound unfair to others But our "survival infrastructure" (hospitals, grocery stores, pharmacies, etc.) are very limited. We do not have enough resources even for our own local population. Our grocery store shelves have been totally bare until the last few days when finally many others were prevented from coming here. People from Miami were coming to shop in our stores and cleaned us out. Perhpas they were coming for other things too, although everything else was closed. 1700 cars have been turned away. Why were these people trying to come, when there was a big sign saying residents and property owners only and those with jobs in essential businesses still open? It's scary to think about.
We have all sorts of strange new people now living in our community. No idea who they are. I am sure people thought this was a great place to ride out the virus, and found rentals somehow (which were supposed to be shut down.) Can't blame them. But tons of extra people put too much stress on our grocery stores and our medical system.
What a new journey we are all on.
Taken and uploaded 3/31/20, 2020 03 31 22 ar72 Dnai D JakeJasmine-3010149 (1 of 1)
OLYMPUS DIGITAL CAMERA
After I have been asked so many times I decided finally to accept commissions for Disney or other cartoon doll repaints!
Here how it works:
1. I will give your doll a totally new repaint of the face after removing carefully the factory paint. I use just high quality artist acrylic paints and brushes. If desired I will style the hair of the doll as well, but I will not reroot! I will work with the hair the doll already has.
2. You have to choose reference pictures of the desired character with the expression you want your doll to have.
3. The doll must be already in your possession. You have to know, that face sculpts of dolls limite the possibilities of expressions, f.e. a doll with a smiling face showing teeth cannot be painted into a sad doll.
4. I will not copy my earlier work or work of other artists! Every repaint is unique and must be accepted as is, of course I will give my very best and if you like my dolls you won´t be disappointed.
5. Sewing an outfit is not included in the commission, just repaint and hairstyle.
If you´re interested please pm me and we can talk about more details!
Antelope Valley Canyon is what is called a slotted canyon. Through my years on various photographic websites starting from the year 2000, I have seen many amazing photographs taken at this place. I have always wanted to go there and see what I could do. When my husband, daughter and I had the opportunity to accept the invitation of one of my high school classmates to visit her and her daughter at the home they moved to in New Mexico, we finally were able to do so this in June 2011. The first week because Linda had her grandchildren to take care of, she gave us directions how to get to various areas in Arizona and suggested the best routes there and back to her home. There is a choice of tours; possibly the best for a photographer is the Photographer's Tour, which is the one that is the longest time-wise. It is also the most popular I would say because we would have had to be in the area for longer than we planned. As we couldn't be sure where we would be on a particular day because of everything we wanted to see in Arizona, I couldn't really book the tour too far in advance. Besides which for phone reservations, they would only accept reservations over the phone the day before we would go.
So we wound up staying 2 nights in Page, Arizona where Antelope is located in order to make the reservation for 3 p.m. on 6/8/11. If I had known then what I know now, I may not have made the reservation. The trucks used to get people from the office to the reservation where the canyon is located, are open ones and the seating is not what you normally expect of seats behind each other. They are on the right and left-hand sides of these open trucks, not all of which places on each side have seat belts. The ride on the paved streets leading up to the reservation is ok; the ride from the entrance of the reservation to the parked area in front of the canyon is a real bone-jarring ride as it is all dirt and uneven sand.
For several minutes after we got there and started going through the canyon, my teeth were chattering a mile a minute like I had been frightened by some horrific happening. Along with that, my whole body was shaking badly. I experienced some of the same effects after the ride back from the canyon to the office, but not quite as badly nor for as long.
I did get what could be considered as "decent" photos while we were there, some I think show possibly some of the shaking going on with me. Others were better, but this is my all-time best photo of them all, which shows some of the best aspects of Antelope Valley Canyon, the varied lighting and varied colors that the canyon is noted for. I had to have taken it after my teeth and body had calmed down.
No two photographs taken at any time in the canyon at any of the various times of the tours or times of day will present the exact same image results.
Would I do the tour again if I had the opportunity? NO WAY!!
Copyright 2011-2021 by Teresa M. Forrest - Photos by Terry
P. S. I printed a 13x9 of this and matted and framed it. I included it as one of the 76 matted and framed photographs that I displayed in the gallery show I had at the Jefferson Cutter House in Arlington, Massachusetts during the month of June 2012! Unfortunately when we were salvaging photos from our former home after the 2-alarm fire, I forgot that this one was in our zippered case in the front room of the house and it got forgotten,
Accepted (awarded if specified)) in the following international salons under FIAP patronage:
Bengal Autumn International Circuit of Photography 2014 – Kolkata (FIAP 2014/339)
Bengal Autumn International Circuit of Photography 2014 - Purulia (FIAP 2014/341)
First full moon of 2020; first full moon of the decade.
The full moon of January is usually named Wolf Moon:
"The first Full Moon of the year is named after howling wolves. In some cultures, it was known as Old Moon, Ice Moon, Snow Moon, and the Moon after Yule." - www.timeanddate.com/astronomy/moon/wolf.html
Shooting Information:
•Nikon D7200 with MB-D15 Battery Grip
•Sigma 50-150mm f/2.8 APO EX DC OS HSM with Sigma APO 2x Teleconverter EX DG
•Manual Mode
•1/200th @ 300mm zoom, f/11
•ISO 125
•Flash Not Fired
Post Processing Information:
•Phase One Capture One Pro
•Cropped
I accept any comment, from praises, awards, invitations, all the way to criticisms - as long as the criticism is constructive that I can learn and improve from. So, don't shy away with the comments!! =]
You are also free to use any of my photos without a fee (except any photos that are portraits of any of my friends or family members), I only ask in return that you credit me, link my Flickr profile, not re-editing any of my shots, and not removing my watermark.
Finally, consider following me! I will certainly follow back! You can never have too many friends!! =]
Accepting Christ
by
I.C. Herendeen
In an effort to get sinners saved we often hear them exhorted to “Accept Christ as their personal Saviour” as though those who are slaves of Satan and captives of the Devil could do so and be saved if they did so. But this is utterly foreign to Holy Scripture; there is no foundation in Holy Writ for it. It presents a false way of salvation, and therefore should be discarded along with other similar expressions such as “Give your heart to Jesus,” “Take Jesus as your Saviour”, etc. Such expressions fail to take into consideration the plain and sad fact that man is a fallen creature (Rom. 3:23), “Having the understanding darkened, being alienated from the life of God” (Eph. 4:18) with a heart stubbornly steeled against Him so that he “will not” come to Christ John 5:40) unless and until Divine power overcomes his innate enmity and makes him willing to come that he “might have life” (John 10:10). By nature the sinner’s “carnal mind” is “enmity against God” ( Rom. 8:7) so that naught but Divine power operating within him can overcome this enmity. The salvation of any sinner is a matter of “the operation of God” (Col. 2:12).
A spiritual kingdom requires a spiritual nature, and in order to the acquisition of that the natural man must be regenerated, Divinely regenerated, for the creature can no more quicken himself than he can give himself a natural being. Why not? Because regeneration is no mere outward reformation, process of education, or even religious cultivation. No, it consists of a radical change of heart and transformation of character, the communication of a gracious and holy principle, producing new desires, new capacities, a new life. The new birth is absolutely imperative, but this is the work of the Spirit of God from the very nature of the case. Birth altogether excludes the idea of any effort or work on the part of the one born, hence it is written “It is the Spirit that quickeneth; the flesh profiteth nothing” (John 6:63).
The new birth is much, very much more than temporary remorse for sin, giving mental assent to the acceptance of Christ as personal Saviour, changing the course of life, or leaving off bad habits and substituting good ones. “It goes infinitely deeper than that . . . it is the inception and reception of a new life. It is radical, revolutionary, lasting, a miracle , the result of the supernatural operation of God.” “Salvation is of the Lord” (Jonah 2:9), of the Lord from beginning to end.
“It is no marvel that the natural man needs to be born again, for he is totally depraved, a slave of sin and Satan, devoid of any love to God, any relish for heavenly things, and any ability to perform spiritual acts.” The sinner has been totally “ruined by the fall”, is “without strength” (Rom. 5:6), hence it is written in John 6:44 “No man can come to Me, except the Father which has sent Me draw him.” Only those who have been “made meet to be partakers of the inheritance of the saints in light” (Col. 1:12) and made holy shall enter Heaven which is a prepared place for a prepared people (John 14:2). “Without holiness no man shall see the Lord ” (Heb. 12:14; Matt. 5:8). By his apostasy man lost his holiness, is wholly corrupt and under the dominion of dispositions and lusts which are directly contrary to God. The corruption of man’s being is so great and entire that he will never truly repent unless and until he is supernaturally renewed by the Holy Spirit. In order for any to have Christ as their Saviour they must first have received Him as their ‘Lord’ (Col. 2:6; Acts 2:36), as their King to rule over them, for God saves none in their rebellion against Him: We must cease our rebellion against Him and His authority and give Him the throne of our hearts as our Ruler or He is not our Saviour no matter what our profession.
It seems to be the understanding of so many that if and when Christ is “offered” to man for his acceptance and he “surrenders” and he “gives his heart to Jesus” that the blood of Christ will then avail to wash away his sins. But not so. As well offer food to a corpse, for Eph. 2:1, 2 tells us that sinners are “dead in trespasses and sins”, and certainly a “dead” man cannot accept Christ or cooperate with the Spirit of God. It is a sad delusion indeed that any should think that it lies in the power of the natural man to perform any act of what is naively termed “simple faith” and thus be saved. The truth of the Word of God is that before any man can be saved he must be “born of the Spirit” of God (John 3:8) and surrender to the authority of God else his profession is worthless and his religion vain.
To exhort sinners to be saved by “Accepting Christ as their Saviour” without pressing upon them the imperative necessity of repentance is dishonest, and is to falsify God’s terms of salvation, for “Except ye repent ye shall all likewise perish” (Luke 17:3) is the Divine dictum. The sinner must either repent or perish, there is no other alternative. And since”All have sinned” (Rom. 3:23) all therefore need to “repent and believe the Gospel” (Mark 1:15) else they will be “punished with everlasting destruction” (2 Thess. 1:9). To delay repentance then is most perilous.
“Repentance unto life” (Acts 11:18) is not a work of nature but a gracious work of the Spirit of God, begun in the heart and manifested in the new birth, continued throughout the entire life of the Christian, and consummated in Heaven. “Accepting Christ as personal Saviour” is a far, far cry from that repentance that God demands from the sinner before he can be saved (see Acts 17:30). For salvation “repentance unto life” is just as necessary as is faith in our Lord Jesus Christ. No sinner was ever pardoned while he remained impenitent, while he remained in rebellion against God and His authority, and without submitting himself whole-heartedly to His Lordship. This involves the realization in his heart, wrought therein by the Holy Spirit, of “the sinfulness of sin” (Rom. 7:13), of the awfulness of ignoring the claims of God and of defying His authority. Repentance is a holy horror and hatred of sin, a deep sorrow for it, a contrite acknowledgment of it before God, and a complete heart forsaking of it. Peter in Acts 3:19 did not say that all you have to do is to “Accept Christ” as your personal Saviour,” but instead he said “ Repent ye therefore, and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out.” From the above it is crystal clear that a mental assent to the Gospel will save no one, nor will a mere empty profession of faith in Christ. So many flatter themselves that they are born again because they have been baptized, joined some “church of their choice”, received the Lord’s supper who do not have a keen and humbling sense of sin. Professing to be Christians, they are filled with a vain and presumptuous confidence that all is well with their souls, deluding themselves with hopes of mercy while continuing to live in a course of self-will and self-pleasing. But the spiritual impotency of the natural man is total and entire, irreparable and irremediable so far as all human efforts are concerned. Fallen man is utterly indisposed and disabled, thoroughly opposed to God and His law, wholly inclined unto evil.
The sinner in his natural state has no power in himself to accept Christ as his personal Saviour, or to “believe to the saving of his soul”, nor has he any real desire or intention of doing so for the reason that, as stated above, his “carnal mind” is “enmity against God” ( Rom. 8:7). He is “the servant (lit. bondslave) of sin” (Rom. 6:20) and must be made “free from sin” (Rom. 6:22) by the almighty “power of God” (Luke 9:43). That he is utterly helpless to save himself is clearly brought out in Jer. 13:23 where we read “Can the Ethiopian change his skin, or the leopard his spots?” When he can do that then “may he also do good, that is accustomed to do evil.” The sinner’s spiritual impotency consists in nothing but the depravity of his own heart, and his inveterate hatred of God. He is so helpless and hopeless in himself that he cannot take one step toward Christ for salvation. Hence he is cast upon God “from the womb” (Psa. 22:10) if ever he is to be saved, so to intimate to sinners that they can come to Christ whenever they agree to accept Christ as their personal Saviour is to deceive and bolster them up in a false “way of salvation.” This is an exceedingly serious matter. They need to “Seek the Lord while he is to be found, and call upon Him while He is near” (Isa. 55:6).
How we do need to be reminded of the scriptural injunction to “Hold fast the form of sound words” (2 Tim. 1:13), and present the Gospel as far as possible in “words which the Holy Ghost teacheth” and not in “words which man’s wisdom teacheth” (1 Cor. 2:13). Selah.
As another has so well said, “The saving work of Christ, that is, the saving of a soul from hell, is only one His many offices and works that the Saviour does for men. If you heard the preacher say at the wedding, ‘George, do you take Margaret whom you hold by the hand as your lawful wedded cook’ you would sit up in astonishment and wonder at what kind of a marriage is taking place. No preacher calls attention to the work, or the ability, or the service which the bride will bring to her husband. In fact, the husband takes the wife for everything that she can do, and all that she is.
Yet in preaching the Gospel we call attention to one work of the Saviour instead of to the Person Himself who does that wonderful work. Let us see how the Scripture reads. Do we find in John 1:12, ‘But as many as received Him, as their Saviour , to them gave He power to become the sons of God’? No, the words ‘as their Saviour’ are not found in the verse. Do we read in John 3:16, ‘that whosoever believeth in Him as his own personal Saviour’? No, we do not. These words are not found in the verse. Nor are they found in I John 5:12, Matt. 11:28, etc. In fact, the expression never occurs, for the Holy Spirit does not attract the sinner’s attention to one particular work, but always to that wonderful and precious Person who did, and who does the work.
It is as at the wedding, the bride who married the rich man . . . confesses that she is his bride, his wife. She does not say I took him as my banker, or as my companion, or as anything else. My experience has been through the years that those who profess to be saved through that kind of phraseology that is not found in the Bible quite often cannot be found after a few weeks or months. (Dr. W. L. Wilson in the Defender). Pink says that “Man, with his invariable perversity, has reversed God’s order. Modern evangelism urges giddy worldlings, with no sense of their lost condition, to ‘Accept Christ as their personal Saviour’, and when such converts prove unsatisfactory to the churches, special meetings are arranged where they are pressed to ‘consecrate them selves’ to Christ as Lord”! How we do need to “Prove all things” and “hold fast that which is good” (I Thess. 5:21).
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Concierto en Teatro la Cúpula, Santiago. Tomada con la cámara de mi polola
Follow me: www.facebook.com/FelipeEspinosaFotografia/
Seen ACCEPT last night at The Mod Club in Toronto. Funny seeing Bruce Willis play metal!!
More to come.....
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