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Clear cutting in the Don Valley. This area is being prepped for construction, this is where the new Ontario Line will cross the West Don River.
Toronto, Ontario
Ricoh Theta S
Clear cutting in the Don Valley. This area is being prepped for construction, this is where the new Ontario Line will cross the Lower Don River.
Toronto, Ontario
Ricoh Theta S
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery.
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery - also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition).
Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera.
more info about this bunker
after the Second World War this bunker was blown up.
This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for 'German Navy'.
This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme.
Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940
The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in "B new" and "A" standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the "lavish" Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller.
#AtlanticWall #Regelbau #Bunker
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery.
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery - also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition).
Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera.
more info about this bunker
after the Second World War this bunker was blown up.
This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for 'German Navy'.
This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme.
Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940
The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in "B new" and "A" standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the "lavish" Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller.
#AtlanticWall #Regelbau #Bunker
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery.
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery - also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition).
Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera.
more info about this bunker
after the Second World War this bunker was blown up.
This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for 'German Navy'.
This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme.
Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940
The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in "B new" and "A" standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the "lavish" Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller.
#AtlanticWall #Regelbau #Bunker
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery.
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery - also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition).
Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera.
more info about this bunker
after the Second World War this bunker was blown up.
This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for 'German Navy'.
This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme.
Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940
The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in "B new" and "A" standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the "lavish" Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller.
#AtlanticWall #Regelbau #Bunker
Eramosa River flowing wide through Rockwood Conservation Area.
Rockwood, Ontario
Nikon KeyMission 360
Atlanticwall Regelbau S75 & S80 - 38 cm S.K.C/34 Naval Gun - The Adolf Gun Bunker.
S75 is the ammunition depot of the Bunker and
The S80 is the for machine room and room for crew.
The 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun was developed by Germany mid to late 1930s. It armed the Bismarck-class battleships and was planned as the armament of the O-class battlecruisers and the re-armed Scharnhorst-class battleships. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet Union and it was planned to use them on the Kronshtadt-class battlecruisers, however they were never delivered. Spare guns were used as coastal artillery in Denmark, Norway and France. One gun is currently on display at Møvig Fortress outside Kristiansand.
Ammunition
It used the standard German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag. Both cartridges were rammed together.
Propellant charge
Main charge: 38 cm HuelsKart34 – GefLdG – 108 kg (238 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Fore charge: 38 cm VorKart34 – GefLdG – 104 kg (229 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Shell
Four types of shells were used by the 38 cm SK C/34 although the Siegfried-Granate could only be used by the coast defense versions. Almost 40 percent lighter, this latter shell could be fired with a reduced charge at 920 metres per second (3,000 ft/s) out to 40 kilometres (44,000 yd). With a full charge it reached 1,050 metres per second (3,400 ft/s) and could travel 55.7 kilometres (60,900 yd) – over 34 miles.
Naval gun
The data given is according to Krupp datasheet 38 cm S.K.C/34 e WA52-453(e). This gun was mounted in pairs in the Drh.L. C/34e turret which allowed elevation from -5° 30' to +30°. Each gun had an individual cradle, spaced 3.5 metres (11 ft) apart, but they were normally coupled together. In general the turret was hydraulically powered, but the training gear, auxiliary elevation, auxiliary hoists and some loading gear was electrically powered. The turrets weighed 1,048 tonnes (1,031 long tons; 1,155 short tons) to 1,056 tonnes (1,039 long tons; 1,164 short tons), rested on ball bearings on a 8.75 metres (28.7 ft) diameter track, could elevate 6° per second and traverse 5.4° per second. The guns were loaded at +2.5° and used a telescoping chain-operated rammer. According to German manuals the required permanent capacity for the loading equipment for ammunition was 2.5 shells per minute. During testing period at the Baltic Sea the AVKS Report states an output of the ammunition delivery system up to 3.125 shells per minute. Under battle conditions Bismarck averaged roughly one round per minute in her battle with HMS Hood and Prince of Wales.
These guns were modified with a larger chamber for coast defense duties to handle the increased amount of propellant used for the special long-range Siegfried shells. Gander and Chamberlain quote a weight of 105.3 tonnes (103.6 long tons; 116.1 short tons) for these guns, presumably accounting for the extra volume of the enlarged chamber. An armored single mount, the Bettungsschiessgerüst ("Firing platform") C/39 was used by these guns. It had a maximum elevation of 60° and could traverse up to 360°, depending on the emplacement. The C/39 mount had two compartments; the upper housed the guns and their loading equipment, while the lower contained the ammunition hoists, their motors, and the elevation and traverse motors. The mount was fully powered and had an underground magazine. Normally these were placed in open concrete barbettes, relying on their armor, but Hitler thought that there was not enough protection for the guns of Battery Todt emplaced on Cap-Gris-Nez in the Pas de Calais near Wimereux and ordered a concrete casemate 3.5 m (11 ft) thick built over and around the mounts. This had the unfortunate effect of limiting their traverse to 120°. Other C/39 mounts were installed at the Hanstholm fortress in Denmark, and the Vara fortress in Kristiansand, Norway.
Four Drh LC/34 turrets, three of which were originally intended to re-arm the Gneisenau and one completed to the Soviet order, modified for land service, were planned to be emplaced at Paimpol, Brittany and on the Cap de la Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, but construction never actually began. Construction for two of those turrets was well underway at Blaavand-Oksby, Denmark when the war ended.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
#Bunker #WorldWar2 #Atlanticwall
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery.
AtlanticWall Regelbau Fl246 - Ammunition depot for heavy Flak Battery - also known as Ammunition Bunker (Unterstände für Munition).
Using the new Insta360 ONE R Twin Edition 360 camera.
more info about this bunker
after the Second World War this bunker was blown up.
This bunker Type was designed by the Kriegsmarine for 'German Navy'.
This bunker Type is part of the Regelbau program in the second world war.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
Following the occupation of German territories west of the Rhine, fortress engineers began the construction of the Siegfried Line in 1936. In doing so they were able to benefit from their earlier experience of bunker construction. In compliance with the Versailles Treaty, they had already built the Wetterau-Main-Tauber position and Neckar-Enz position before 1936. When, in 1936, construction started on the Siegfried Line itself, they were able at the outset to utilize designs from the two earlier fortifications. From these existing plans, fortress pioneers rapidly developed improved bunkers that were built from 1937. This building phase was named the Engineer Construction Programme and was characterized by bunkers built to B1 standard thicknesses (see above). Since the thickness of these structures was soon considered to be too weak and because there was a large number Regelbau designs (and hence confusion), new types were developed and implemented from 1938. These new designs were achieved largely by simplifying and reducing the number of Regelbau types. This new building phase was called the Limes Programme.
Development of Regelbau designs from 1936 to 1940
The fortress engineers were no longer in charge of construction; instead Organization Todt (OT) took over, promising Hitler it would deliver the number of structures he wanted. Plans for the Limes Programme did not envisage the inclusion of the cities of Aachen and Saarbrücken and they therefore ended up in front of the planned line of fortifications. That changed in 1939 with the Aachen-Saar Programme. From 1939, yet more new Regelbau bunkers were designed for the construction programme that saw increases in the construction thicknesses. From then on, only bunkers that met the in "B new" and "A" standards were to be built. With the outbreak of the Second World War on 1 September 1939, priorities for the construction of the Siegfried Line changed. The renewed shortage of raw materials led to the development of a new series of Regelbau designs, the so-called wartime standard designs or Kriegsregelbauten. After the "lavish" Regelbauten of the Aachen-Saar Programme, the final construction phase was dominated by massive financial constraints. For example, observation cupolas and flank firing positions were no longer provided and the rooms were smaller.
#AtlanticWall #Regelbau #Bunker
No. 4 Covered Slip – RNLI Historic Lifeboat Collection, Historic Dockyard Chatham
Although adjoining No. 3, this is a quite different building and represents the next great step in Victorian structural engineering.
No. 4 Covered Slip was constructed in 1847–48, as part of a group comprising Nos. 4, 5 and 6. Where No. 3 had relied upon Sir Robert Seppings' immense timber structure, these new slips used slender cast-iron columns and wrought-iron structural members, originally clad in corrugated iron. Their construction came only around a decade after No. 3 and vividly illustrates how rapidly building technology was changing.
Historic England attributes the group to George Baker and Sons, dating construction to 1845–47 in its statutory listing. The three linked roofs were exceptionally advanced for their time. Their iron frames spanned the great shipbuilding spaces with far less material than the massive timber structure next door, and Historic England regards them as an important landmark in the development of complete iron-framed buildings.
They also pre-date some of the most celebrated wide-span Victorian structures. The Chatham Dockyard Trust notes that Nos. 4–6 were built before the great railway train sheds at King's Cross and Newcastle and formed part of the technological development that ultimately produced buildings such as Joseph Paxton's Crystal Palace of 1851. Seen together, Nos. 3 to 7 at Chatham provide an extraordinary architectural timeline: timber, cast iron and finally wrought iron, all within less than twenty years.
The reason for covering the slips remained the same. Wooden warships took years to construct and prolonged exposure to rain and changing humidity could cause serious deterioration before they even reached the water. Roofing the slipways helped combat rot while allowing shipwrights to work throughout the year.
Today No. 4 has a very different role. It contains the RNLI Historic Lifeboat Collection, the largest collection of historic RNLI lifeboats in the United Kingdom. The collection was moved into No. 4 Slip in 1994, initially for storage. The purpose-designed Lifeboat! gallery opened on 25 May 1996, developed jointly by the Historic Dockyard and the RNLI and becoming one of the country's early Heritage Lottery Fund-supported museum projects.
Around 20 historic lifeboats are displayed here, covering more than a century of lifesaving technology. They range from an 1897 pulling-and-sailing lifeboat, propelled by both oars and sail, through successive generations of motor lifeboats to modern inshore craft, including boats funded through the famous Blue Peter appeals and an Arun-class all-weather lifeboat.
The extraordinary circular appearance in this photograph is created by the 360-degree “tiny planet” projection rather than by the actual shape of the building. It nevertheless emphasises beautifully the iron ribs of the 1840s roof surrounding the lifeboats beneath — a building originally designed to construct Royal Navy warships now preserving vessels whose purpose was instead to save lives at sea.
The covered slips survived the closure of Chatham Royal Dockyard in 1984 and Nos. 4, 5 and 6 underwent major restoration, completed in 1994. They are now Grade I listed, valued not simply as survivors of Victorian naval shipbuilding but as internationally important evidence of the transition from traditional timber construction to the iron-framed architecture that transformed the industrial world.
New trail bridge over the train tracks taking shape... It requires a rather large triple switch back structure to climb over the tracks.
Toronto, Ontario
Ricoh Theta S
A closer view of one of the most extraordinary timber roofs surviving in Britain: the interior of No. 3 Covered Slip, completed in 1838 at Chatham Royal Dockyard.
The slip itself was built in 1836, with the huge protective cover added two years later. Designed by the celebrated naval shipwright Sir Robert Seppings and constructed under Captain Brandreth of the Admiralty Works Department, the building measures approximately 300 ft long by 146 ft wide. When new it was regarded as the largest wide-span timber structure in Europe.
The scale becomes particularly apparent from the mezzanine shown here. The roof is carried on 52 huge timber pillars standing on iron bases, supporting a complicated system of braces, collars and cantilevered rafters. Rather than depending upon a conventional forest of supports beneath the centre of the building, Seppings' arrangement produced the enormous unobstructed space needed to construct a naval vessel below.
The curved timberwork visible at the landward end is especially ingenious. The rounded end or apse was shaped to accommodate the rising bow of the ship being constructed beneath it. The result resembles the skeleton of a vast inverted hull — perhaps unsurprisingly, since both the building and the ships beneath it were products of the same highly skilled dockyard craftsmen.
Light was also an important part of the design. The roof contains more than 400 glazed lights, giving the workforce daylight despite the enormous roof above them. Contemporary covered slips represented a major improvement in working conditions: construction could continue during poor weather and valuable ship timbers were no longer repeatedly soaked and dried while a vessel spent years on the stocks.
Protecting ships from weather was the principal reason the Navy Board began roofing shipbuilding slips during the Napoleonic period. Chatham's No. 2 was covered in 1813, followed by No. 1 in 1815. No. 3 was the culmination of this timber-roof tradition. Within little more than a decade, however, structural technology had moved on: Chatham's Nos. 4, 5 and 6 slips were built with cast- and wrought-iron frames in 1847–48, while No. 7 of 1855 employed wrought iron. These later structures helped point the way towards the wide-span railway stations, factories and exhibition halls of Victorian Britain.
The floor visible beneath the roof is not part of Seppings' original design. By the middle of the 19th century warships had already become too long for No. 3 Slip. In 1904, a substantial mezzanine was inserted so that the enormous enclosed volume could instead be used for storing ships' boats. More than a century later that adaptation provides today's visitors with a remarkable close-up view of the 1838 roof structure.
No. 3 is particularly precious because its two earlier timber counterparts have disappeared: No. 1 was dismantled late in the 19th century and No. 2 burned down in 1966. No. 3 consequently survives as an exceptionally rare monument to both naval shipbuilding and early 19th-century structural engineering. It is now Grade I listed and protected as a Scheduled Monument.
After Chatham Royal Dockyard closed in 1984, preservation rather than shipbuilding became the building's future. Restoration of No. 3 began in 1994, further modernisation followed in 2007 and in 2011–12 it was converted into the exhibition and large-object store now called 3 Slip: The Big Space.
Old Bayview Ave Bridge.
It's been long abandoned, bypassed by the Bayview realignment and high level bridge that towers just to the west in 1929. It's been sitting idle in the valley for almost 100 years without traffic.
Toronto, Ontario
Ricoh Theta S
Atlanticwall Regelbau S75 & S80 - 38 cm S.K.C/34 Naval Gun - The Adolf Gun Bunker.
S75 is the ammunition depot of the Bunker and
The S80 is the for machine room and room for crew.
The 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun was developed by Germany mid to late 1930s. It armed the Bismarck-class battleships and was planned as the armament of the O-class battlecruisers and the re-armed Scharnhorst-class battleships. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet Union and it was planned to use them on the Kronshtadt-class battlecruisers, however they were never delivered. Spare guns were used as coastal artillery in Denmark, Norway and France. One gun is currently on display at Møvig Fortress outside Kristiansand.
Ammunition
It used the standard German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag. Both cartridges were rammed together.
Propellant charge
Main charge: 38 cm HuelsKart34 – GefLdG – 108 kg (238 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Fore charge: 38 cm VorKart34 – GefLdG – 104 kg (229 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Shell
Four types of shells were used by the 38 cm SK C/34 although the Siegfried-Granate could only be used by the coast defense versions. Almost 40 percent lighter, this latter shell could be fired with a reduced charge at 920 metres per second (3,000 ft/s) out to 40 kilometres (44,000 yd). With a full charge it reached 1,050 metres per second (3,400 ft/s) and could travel 55.7 kilometres (60,900 yd) – over 34 miles.
Naval gun
The data given is according to Krupp datasheet 38 cm S.K.C/34 e WA52-453(e). This gun was mounted in pairs in the Drh.L. C/34e turret which allowed elevation from -5° 30' to +30°. Each gun had an individual cradle, spaced 3.5 metres (11 ft) apart, but they were normally coupled together. In general the turret was hydraulically powered, but the training gear, auxiliary elevation, auxiliary hoists and some loading gear was electrically powered. The turrets weighed 1,048 tonnes (1,031 long tons; 1,155 short tons) to 1,056 tonnes (1,039 long tons; 1,164 short tons), rested on ball bearings on a 8.75 metres (28.7 ft) diameter track, could elevate 6° per second and traverse 5.4° per second. The guns were loaded at +2.5° and used a telescoping chain-operated rammer. According to German manuals the required permanent capacity for the loading equipment for ammunition was 2.5 shells per minute. During testing period at the Baltic Sea the AVKS Report states an output of the ammunition delivery system up to 3.125 shells per minute. Under battle conditions Bismarck averaged roughly one round per minute in her battle with HMS Hood and Prince of Wales.
These guns were modified with a larger chamber for coast defense duties to handle the increased amount of propellant used for the special long-range Siegfried shells. Gander and Chamberlain quote a weight of 105.3 tonnes (103.6 long tons; 116.1 short tons) for these guns, presumably accounting for the extra volume of the enlarged chamber. An armored single mount, the Bettungsschiessgerüst ("Firing platform") C/39 was used by these guns. It had a maximum elevation of 60° and could traverse up to 360°, depending on the emplacement. The C/39 mount had two compartments; the upper housed the guns and their loading equipment, while the lower contained the ammunition hoists, their motors, and the elevation and traverse motors. The mount was fully powered and had an underground magazine. Normally these were placed in open concrete barbettes, relying on their armor, but Hitler thought that there was not enough protection for the guns of Battery Todt emplaced on Cap-Gris-Nez in the Pas de Calais near Wimereux and ordered a concrete casemate 3.5 m (11 ft) thick built over and around the mounts. This had the unfortunate effect of limiting their traverse to 120°. Other C/39 mounts were installed at the Hanstholm fortress in Denmark, and the Vara fortress in Kristiansand, Norway.
Four Drh LC/34 turrets, three of which were originally intended to re-arm the Gneisenau and one completed to the Soviet order, modified for land service, were planned to be emplaced at Paimpol, Brittany and on the Cap de la Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, but construction never actually began. Construction for two of those turrets was well underway at Blaavand-Oksby, Denmark when the war ended.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
#Bunker #WorldWar2 #Atlanticwall
Atlanticwall Regelbau S75 & S80 - 38 cm S.K.C/34 Naval Gun - The Adolf Gun Bunker.
S75 is the ammunition depot of the Bunker and
The S80 is the for machine room and room for crew.
The 38 cm SK C/34 naval gun was developed by Germany mid to late 1930s. It armed the Bismarck-class battleships and was planned as the armament of the O-class battlecruisers and the re-armed Scharnhorst-class battleships. Six twin-gun mountings were also sold to the Soviet Union and it was planned to use them on the Kronshtadt-class battlecruisers, however they were never delivered. Spare guns were used as coastal artillery in Denmark, Norway and France. One gun is currently on display at Møvig Fortress outside Kristiansand.
Ammunition
It used the standard German naval system of ammunition where the base charge was held in a metallic cartridge case and supplemented by another charge in a silk bag. Both cartridges were rammed together.
Propellant charge
Main charge: 38 cm HuelsKart34 – GefLdG – 108 kg (238 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Fore charge: 38 cm VorKart34 – GefLdG – 104 kg (229 lb) RPC 38 (16/7)
Shell
Four types of shells were used by the 38 cm SK C/34 although the Siegfried-Granate could only be used by the coast defense versions. Almost 40 percent lighter, this latter shell could be fired with a reduced charge at 920 metres per second (3,000 ft/s) out to 40 kilometres (44,000 yd). With a full charge it reached 1,050 metres per second (3,400 ft/s) and could travel 55.7 kilometres (60,900 yd) – over 34 miles.
Naval gun
The data given is according to Krupp datasheet 38 cm S.K.C/34 e WA52-453(e). This gun was mounted in pairs in the Drh.L. C/34e turret which allowed elevation from -5° 30' to +30°. Each gun had an individual cradle, spaced 3.5 metres (11 ft) apart, but they were normally coupled together. In general the turret was hydraulically powered, but the training gear, auxiliary elevation, auxiliary hoists and some loading gear was electrically powered. The turrets weighed 1,048 tonnes (1,031 long tons; 1,155 short tons) to 1,056 tonnes (1,039 long tons; 1,164 short tons), rested on ball bearings on a 8.75 metres (28.7 ft) diameter track, could elevate 6° per second and traverse 5.4° per second. The guns were loaded at +2.5° and used a telescoping chain-operated rammer. According to German manuals the required permanent capacity for the loading equipment for ammunition was 2.5 shells per minute. During testing period at the Baltic Sea the AVKS Report states an output of the ammunition delivery system up to 3.125 shells per minute. Under battle conditions Bismarck averaged roughly one round per minute in her battle with HMS Hood and Prince of Wales.
These guns were modified with a larger chamber for coast defense duties to handle the increased amount of propellant used for the special long-range Siegfried shells. Gander and Chamberlain quote a weight of 105.3 tonnes (103.6 long tons; 116.1 short tons) for these guns, presumably accounting for the extra volume of the enlarged chamber. An armored single mount, the Bettungsschiessgerüst ("Firing platform") C/39 was used by these guns. It had a maximum elevation of 60° and could traverse up to 360°, depending on the emplacement. The C/39 mount had two compartments; the upper housed the guns and their loading equipment, while the lower contained the ammunition hoists, their motors, and the elevation and traverse motors. The mount was fully powered and had an underground magazine. Normally these were placed in open concrete barbettes, relying on their armor, but Hitler thought that there was not enough protection for the guns of Battery Todt emplaced on Cap-Gris-Nez in the Pas de Calais near Wimereux and ordered a concrete casemate 3.5 m (11 ft) thick built over and around the mounts. This had the unfortunate effect of limiting their traverse to 120°. Other C/39 mounts were installed at the Hanstholm fortress in Denmark, and the Vara fortress in Kristiansand, Norway.
Four Drh LC/34 turrets, three of which were originally intended to re-arm the Gneisenau and one completed to the Soviet order, modified for land service, were planned to be emplaced at Paimpol, Brittany and on the Cap de la Hague on the Cotentin Peninsula, but construction never actually began. Construction for two of those turrets was well underway at Blaavand-Oksby, Denmark when the war ended.
how is a Regelbau
Before and during World War II, the Wehrmacht built several standardised bunkers and weapon positions in Germany and German-occupied countries. These buildings were called Regelbau, i.e. standardised buildings.
The Regelbau (German for "standard design") were a series of standardised bunker designs built in large numbers by the Germans in the Siegfried Line (German: Westwall) and the Atlantic Wall as part of their defensive fortifications prior to and during the Second World War.
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