A few years ago, early on Saturday morning, I tried to enter St Dunstan's, with no luck. It was locked fast.

 

Which was a shame, as it looked a very interesting church from the outside, and with its location, just outside the city gate on the crossing of two main roads.

 

Anyway, I logged this away in my meory banks, detirmed to go back one day. And for a change this Heritage Weekend, we returned to Canterbury not once, but twice. And on the second day was rewarded with entry to three of the city churches.

 

St Dunstan is most famous for being the final resting place of Sir Thomas More's head, in the family tomb of his wife. There is fine glass commemorating this.

 

Some minor work is being carried out at the rear of the church, so a return will be needed to see the full restored church.

 

------------------------------------------------------

 

Dedicated to a former Archbishop of Canterbury, St Dunstan's stands outside the city walls. There is structural evidence of the Norman period, but most of the church is fourteenth century. The west tower dates from this time and is very oddly proportioned - about twice the height that its width can really cope with. The south chapel is constructed of brick and was completed in the early sixteenth century. It contains monuments to the More family and is the burial place of St. Thomas More's head, - brought here by his daughter after his execution. The family home stood opposite the church where its brick gateway may still be seen. There are two twentieth-century windows of note in the chapel, by Lawrence Lee and John Hayward.

  

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Canterbury+2

 

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St. Dunstan's is an Anglican church in Canterbury, Kent, at the junction of London Road and Whitstable Road. It is dedicated to St. Dunstan (909-988) and gives its name to the part of the city on the left bank of the River Stour. The parish has been held in plurality with others nearby at different times, in a way that is confusing and difficult to document. In 2010 the parish was joined with the parishes of the City Centre Parish in a new pastoral grouping, City Centre with St. Dunstan.

 

The church dates from the 11th century and is a grade I listed building. It was restored in 1878-80 by church architect Ewan Christian. Its association with the deaths of Thomas Becket and Thomas More make it a place of pilgrimage.

 

Dunstan was Archbishop of Canterbury from 960 to 978 and was canonised soon after his death, becoming the favourite saint of the English until he was supplanted by Thomas Becket.[2] He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral but his tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

 

In 1174, when Henry II began his penitential pilgrimage in reparation for the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket, he changed his clothing into sackcloth at St. Dunstan’s Church and began his pilgrimage from here to Thomas Becket's tomb at Canterbury Cathedral on foot.

 

His daughter Margaret secured the release of Thomas More's head from its spike on London Bridge and brought it back to the family tomb of her husband William Roper.[4] The Roper family lived nearby off what is now St Dunstan's Street. What remains of their home is called Roper Gate, marked with a commemorative plaque, it is all that survives of Place House. The Roper family vault is located underneath the Nicholas Chapel, to the right of the church's main altar. It was sealed in recent years, according to Anglican tradition. A large stone slab marks its location to the immediate left of the chapel's altar. Three impressive stained glass windows line the chapel, the one behind the altar depicts in brilliant detail the major events and symbols in the life of the Saint. Another of the windows commemorates the visit of Pope John Paul II to Canterbury to pray with the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. The window displays the arms of the Archbishop's diocese and the Pope. Plaques mounted on the walls explain the veracity of the relic of the Saint's head, the sealing of the vault which contains it, and the life of the Saint, including a prayer he wrote.

  

St Dunstan’s has six bells, hung for change ringing in the English style, the heaviest weighing 13cwt (approx. 675 kg). Due to the unusual narrowness of the belfry, the bells are hung in a two-tier frame.

 

The fifth bell of the ring is one of the oldest Christian church bells in the world, believed to have been cast in 1325 by William le Belyetere, making it nearly 690 years old as of 2014 [5]

 

The bells were removed from the tower in 1935 so that a concrete structural beam could be fitted to the tower. At this time the bells were retuned by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, and rehung in the present frame in 1936.

 

The bells are rung on Friday evenings for practice, and Sunday mornings for the service, by the St Dunstan’s Society of Change Ringers.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury

 

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ir Thomas More (/ˈmɔːr/; 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More,[1][2] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.[3]

 

More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. He also wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation. More opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and beheaded. Ahead of his execution, he was reported saying his famous words: "I die the King's good servant, but God's first."

 

Pope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the "heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians."[4] Since 1980, the Church of England has remembered More liturgically as a Reformation martyr.[5] The Soviet Union honoured him for the 'Communistic' attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia.

 

Born in Milk Street in London, on February 7, 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[9] a successful lawyer and later judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's finest schools.[10] From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[11]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (now called the Renaissance), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary's Hall or Canterbury College, both now gone).[12]:38

 

More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[11]:xvii[13] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.

 

According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[14][15] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[11]:xxi

 

In spite of his choice to pursue a secular career, More continued ascetical practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[11]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.

 

More married Jane Colt in 1505.[12]:118 She was 5 years younger than her husband, quiet and good-natured.[12]:119 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[12]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[12]:132

 

Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[17] He certainly expected a mother to take care of his little children and, as the view of his time considered marriage as an "economic union",[18] he chose a rich widow, Alice Harpur Middleton.[19] More is regarded not getting remarried for sexual pleasure, since Alice is much older than himself, and their marriage possibly had not been consummated.[18] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation of the banns, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[17] Alice More lacked Jane's docility; More's friend Andrew Ammonius derided Alice as a "hook-nosed harpy."[20] Erasmus, however, called their marriage happy.[12]:144

 

More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[12]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.[12]:150[21]:xiv

 

More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, a highly unusual attitude at the time.[12]:146–47 His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.[12]:147 More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishment in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written:

 

When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly … he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms … for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] … to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.[21]:152

 

More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.[12]:149

 

A portrait of More and his family was painted by Holbein, but it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, two versions of which survive.

 

In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 began representing London.[22]

 

From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. More became Master of Requests in 1514,[23] the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.[24] After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York, to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.[24]

 

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

 

In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker.[24] In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.

 

More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, polemics, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."[25]

 

His early actions against the Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants, especially publishers, and arresting anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or selling the books of the Protestant Reformation. More vigorously suppressed the travelling country ministers who used Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament.[citation needed] It contained controversial translations of certain words; for example, Tyndale used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek "presbyteros", and some of the marginal glosses challenged Catholic doctrine.[26] It was during this time that most of his literary polemics appeared.

 

Rumours circulated during and after More's lifetime regarding ill-treatment of heretics during his time as Lord Chancellor. The popular anti-Catholic polemicist John Foxe, who "placed Protestant sufferings against the background of... the Antichrist",[27] was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his famous Book of Martyrs, claiming that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.[28] More himself denied these allegations:

 

Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge' – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'so helpe me God.'[12]:298

 

However, More writes in his "Apology" (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two heretics: a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting prayers.[29]:404 During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy; they were Thomas Hitton, Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbery, Thomas Dusgate, and James Bainham.[12]:299–306 Moynahan has argued that More was influential in the burning of Tyndale, as More's agents had long pursued him, even though this took place over a year after his own death.[30] Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy; about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.[31] His biographer Peter Ackroyd notes that More explicitly "approved of Burning".[12]:298

 

John Tewkesbury was a London leather seller found guilty by Bishop of London John Stokesley[32] of harbouring banned books; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant. More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."[33]

 

Modern commentators are divided over More's religious actions as Chancellor. Some biographers, including Ackroyd, have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time. Others have been more critical, such as Richard Marius, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for Protestants.[29]:386–406

 

Some Protestants take a different view. In 1980, More was added to the Church of England's calendar of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church, despite being a fierce opponent of the English Reformation that created the Church of England. He was added jointly with John Fisher, to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[5] Pope John Paul II honoured him by making him patron saint of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".

 

As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, Henry had isolated More by purging most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as "Supreme Head" of the Church in England. As a layperson, More did not need to take the oath and the clergy, after some initial resistance, took the oath with the addition of the clause "as far as the law of Christ allows." However, More saw he could not render the support Henry expected from his Lord Chancellor for the policy the King was developing to support the annulment of his marriage with Catherine. In 1532 he petitioned the King to relieve him of his office, alleging failing health. Henry granted his request.

 

In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.[34] Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him.

 

Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused of conspiring with the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied against the king's annulment, but More was able to produce a letter in which he had instructed Barton not to interfere with state matters.[citation needed]

 

On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. More accepted Parliament's right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England, but, holding fast to the teaching of papal supremacy, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More furthermore publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads:[35]

 

...By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...

 

With his refusal to support the King's annulment, More's enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the Tower of London. There More prepared a devotional Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse.

 

On 1 July 1535, More was tried before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. He was charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy and was tried under the following section of the Treasons Act 1534:

 

If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates …

 

That then every such person and persons so offending … shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.[36]

 

More, relying on legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" (literally, who (is) silent is seen to consent), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.

 

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth the Solicitor General, Richard Rich, to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation, and as More himself pointed out:

 

Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.

 

The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.

 

After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality". He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation. The execution took place on 6 July 1535. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, he is widely quoted as saying (to the officials): "I pray you, I pray you, Mr Lieutenant, see me safe up and for my coming down, I can shift for myself"; while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, but God's first."

 

Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.[39] More asked that his foster/adopted daughter Margaret Clement (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.[40] She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in an unmarked grave. His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. His daughter Margaret (Meg) Roper rescued it, possibly by bribery, before it could be thrown in the River Thames.[citation needed]

 

The skull is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, though some researchers[who?] have claimed it might be within the tomb he erected for More in Chelsea Old Church (see below). The evidence,[clarification needed] however, seems to be in favour of its placement in St Dunstan's, with the remains of his daughter, Margaret Roper, and her husband's family, whose vault it was.[citation needed]

 

Among other surviving relics is his hair shirt, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.[41] This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at Abbotskerswell Priory, Devon. It is now preserved at Syon Abbey, near South Brent.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More

RD10242. First Transpennine Express 185 119 at Manchester Piccadilly; the train is the 17.22 from Liverpool Lime Street to Scarborough.

 

Tuesday, 23rd September, 2014. Copyright © Ron Fisher.

37212 at the buffer stops having arrived on the 17:22 from Sheffield.

With gratefull acknowledgement to the Roll of Honour which formed the start of my investigations.

www.roll-of-honour.com/Suffolk/Bungay.html

 

Seaman J A Hood.

 

Jesse Adolphus Hood - H.M. Trawler "Drumtochty". Died 29th January 1918.

Bungay connection - Parents resident Ditchingham, born and resident Ditchingham, Widow resdient Bungay, (not clear if they ever resdied together in the town).

 

For more details see the comments below

***********************************************************************

Private R Kett.

 

Richard Kett - 5th Battalion, Oxfordshire and Buckinghamshire Light Infantry. Died 15th September 1916.

Bungary connection - Resident Wigg's Yard, Bridge Street.

 

For more details see the comments below

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Trooper William King. [Listed as Trooper on memorial/plaque] Private 206033, 2nd Battalion, Northamptonshire Regiment. Died of wounds 1st September 1918. Born Bungay, enlisted Lowestoft. Formerly Trooper 2431, Suffolk Yeomanry. (RoH)

 

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=530906

 

No match on Norlink

 

There are two potential William Kings on the 1901 Census. However as the first, aged 15

is a pauper living on the Parish with his infirmity described as “imbecile”, the most likely candidate is the second, aged 4, living at the Horse & Groom, Broad Street, Bungay, the household of his parents, Harry, (aged 42 and a fisherman) and Ellen, (aged 46), along with siblings, Alice, (aged 2), Charles, (aged 16 and a Railway Porter), Edith, (aged 8), Frederick, (aged 12), Gertrude, (aged 10) and Harry, (aged 14 and a Paper Errand Boy).

 

The Brigade in which the 2nd Northamptonshires served, had been a part of the Battle of the The Scarpe, 1918 (26th August - 30 August 1918) and it is possible that Private King received his fatal wounds in this action.

 

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Private William Lambert. Private 5958, 2nd/6th Battalion (Territorial), Gloucestershire Regiment. Died of wounds 20th July 1916. Born Bungay, enlisted Ditchingham, Norfolk. Formerly 1075, 6th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. (RoH)

 

On the CWGC database, there is no William Lambert listed as dying on the 20th July 1916. The relevant individual there is

 

Name: LAMBERT, WILLIAM ARTHUR

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Gloucestershire Regiment Unit Text: 2nd/6th Bn.

Age: 19 Date of Death: 23/07/1916 Service No: 5958

Additional information: Son of Mrs. C. Ellis, of South Green, Pulham St. Mary, Harleston, Norfolk.

Grave/Memorial Reference: XI. A. 24. Cemetery: MERVILLE COMMUNAL CEMETERY

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=539115

No match on Norlink

 

Gloucestershire Regiment Database

www.glosters.org.uk/soldier/21657

There are many William Lambert’s of approximately the right age on the 1901 Census, and a significant number of those have connections with Suffolk and Norfolk through birthplace, current residence etc. However none of that group have a mother with the initial C, (William’s mother having presumably re-married at the time nominations for the memorial were being taken), but that does presume that the C is her initial and not that of her new husband.

*********************************************************************

Private P Larke - no further information on RoH

 

Name: LARKE, PERCY

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Lincolnshire Regiment Unit Text: 1st Bn.

Age: 19 Date of Death: 29/09/1918 Service No: 235565

Additional information: Son of Mrs. A. Larke, of 13, Broad St., Bungay, Suffolk. Grave/Memorial Reference: IV. A. 6. Cemetery: VILLERS HILL BRITISH CEMETERY, VILLERS-GUISLAIN

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has 1 year old Percy living at Nethergate Street, Bungay, with his parents William, (aged 45 and a Printers Foundryman) and Alice, (aged 42) along with siblings Lucy M, (aged 4), Sidney W, (aged 10), and William, (aged 8)

 

The following is from The History of the Lincolnshire Regiment 1914-1918 by Major C.R.Simpson (Editor) (Medici Society 1931) p. 361–364:

 

The Battle of the Canal du Nord: 27th September-1st October 1918

At 9pm warning orders were received to attack Gonnelieu at 3.30am on the 29th. The 1st Lincolnshire was to attack on the right and the 2nd Battalion on the left.

 

The 1st Battalion formed up just east of Gouzeaucourt along the Peziere- Gouzeaucourt railway; the 2nd Battalion assembled along the railway between Gouzeaucourt station and Quarry, A Company on the right, D on the left, with B and C (right and left respectively) in the second line.

 

Actual orders for the attack were not received until very late: it was 11.30pm before they reached the 1st Battalion, and the 2nd Battalion had theirs so late that assembly in time for the attack at zero was impossible. The barrage was to fall on a line one thousand five hundred yards east of the assembly positions, which meant that the troops had some distance to go, in fact the 1st Lincolnshire left their assembly positions at 3am, to catch the barrage up at 3.30am. As the 2nd Lincolnshire were not assembled by zero, two tanks which had been ordered to co-operate were given orders to operate on the left of the 1st Battalion in place of the former: one tank broke down before zero.

 

The creeping barrage fell at 3.30am, which the Lincolnshire describe as “a very bad barrage” for the battalion was almost immediately held up by violent machine-gun fire. Elements of A and D Companies (the leading companies of the 1st Battalion) succeeded in reaching their objective, but no attack was developing on either flank and they were under heavy machine-gun fire: the objectives could not be made good. After daylight all men, as could be, were withdrawn into Kemmel Support (about four hundred yards east of Gouzeaucourt railway) and reorganised. At noon orders were received which stated that, owing to the success of the 2nd Division on the left, which was working round the north of Gonnelieu, the 1st Lincolnshire were to pass through that Division for the purpose of entering the village. But the situation on the left was found not as satisfactory as reported, and the Lincolnshire returned to Kemmel Support. The battalion had lost heavily during the day’s operations and was now temporarily reorganised into two companies – A and C – under Captain Edinburgh, and B and D under Captain Sherwell.

 

…. Orders were received for a second circling movement round the north of Gonnelieu on the 30th, and the 1st Lincolnshire were just moving off when reports came in that the enemy had withdrawn from that village and from Villers-Guislain… The 1st Lincolnshire then passed through the 2nd Battalion and, working down the Banteux Spur, reached the Canal at about 7pm [30th September], without opposition. Banteux was occupied, but all the bridges over the canal had been destroyed, the last one going up just as the 1st Lincolnshire reached the western banks. Defensive positions were then taken up for the night.

 

In the attack on Gonnelieu the 1st Lincolnshire had lost 2nd Lieutenant Miller killed, Captain H.M.Boxer (A Company) wounded and missing, and about 250 other ranks killed, wounded and missing.

 

1914-1918.invisionzone.com/forums/lofiversion/index.php/t...

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Corporal Ernest Larter . Corporal 43479, 8th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 11th August 1917. Born Bungay, enlisted Norwich. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1618304

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has a 6 year old Ernest living at The Allotments, South End Road, Bungay with his widowed mother Rosa, a 39 year old Laundress and Washerwoman, as well as siblings Charles, (aged 4), Thomas, (aged 5) and William, (aged 8). The 1891 Census has no match for a Rosa Larter so presumably her marriage to Ernest’s father came after this.

 

The 8th Battalion was engaged in the Battle of Passchendaele at this time.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Passchendaele

 

**********************************************************************

Private Edward Laws. Private 032671, Royal Army ordnance Corps. Died 3rd January 1919. Aged 29. Son of Samuel and Charlotte Laws, of 17, Beccles Rd., Bungay. Buried in BUNGAY CEMETERY, Bungay, Suffolk. Section P. Grave 13. (a) (spelt "LAWES" on plaque (RoH))

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=397111

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has an 11 year old Edward living at Beccles Road, Bungay with his parents, Samuel, (aged 47 and a House Painter), and Charlotte, (aged 50) along with brothers Ernest E, (aged 24 and a Printer’s Compositor), George B, (aged 18, a Printers Apprentice), and sister Sybil, (aged 14 and a Day Nurse), as well as Grand-mother Sarah Hancy, aged 82.

**********************************************************************

Private Arthur Edward Mayes. Private 9320, 2nd Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. Died of wounds 7th July 1915. Born Bungay, enlisted Wisbech. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=146082

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has the Mayes family living at Stone Alley. Bungay. Head of the Household is Arthur Mayes, (aged 43 and an Iron Founder), and his wife Anna, (aged 40). Their children are Arthur Mayes, (aged 16 and a Compositor Printer), Bertie, (aged 15 and an Errand Boy), Christopher, (aged 10), Eliza, (aged 2), Sidney, (aged 7), Alice, (aged 4), and Anna, (aged 17 and a Domestic Housemaid).

**********************************************************************

Private Christopher Mayes. Private 42692, 10th Battalion, Worcestershire Regiment. Killed in action 24th October 1916. Born and enlisted Bungay. Formerly 26437, Bedfordshire Regiment. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=805633

 

No match on Norlink

 

See Arthur Mayes for the family details

************************************************************************

Private Herbert Mayes. Private 4138, 4th Battalion, Alexandra, Princess of Wales's Own (Yorkshire Regiment). Killed in action 18th June 1916. Enlisted Northallerton, Derbyshire, resident Bungay. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=155390

(Unit described on the CWGC as 1st/4th Battalion)

 

No match on Norlink

 

See Arthur Mayes for the family details

 

18th JUNE. Trenches G3, 4 and H1A were heavily shelled between 10 a.m and 1 p.m causing 2 other ranks killed and 7 wounded.

homepage.ntlworld.com/bandl.danby/025Bn1916.html

***********************************************************************

Private W Mayhew - no further information on RoH

 

Three W Mayhews listed on CWGC who served in the Suffolk Regiment, all with minimal additional information.

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=146085

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=780844

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=250474

 

No match on Norlink

The 1901 Census has William Mayhew, aged 12 and Walter aged 6, both born Flixton but now resident at Lower Ollands Street, Bungay, the household of his widowed mother Ellen, (aged 34) along with brother Alfred, (aged 10) and sisters Emily, (aged 8), Rose, (aged 11).

 

However, there are numerous other William’s and Walter’s from nearby villages who also might have gone on to have a Bungay connection.

 

**********************************************************************

Private George Mickleburgh [Listed as Lance Corporal on memorial/plaque] Private 202202, 4th Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. Killed in action 23rd April 1917. Born Broome, Norfolk, enlisted Bungay.(RoH)

 

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=306598

 

(Unit listed on CWGC as 1st/4th)

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 9 year old George Mickleburgh is recorded on the 1901 Census as living at Yarmouth Road, Broome, the household of his widowed father Ellis, (aged 40 and a stockman on a farm), along with sister Ethel, (aged 17 and a printing works compositor), Annie, (aged 11), Frederick, (aged 13 and a Bricklayers Labourer). Also living with them was George’s uncle, another George, aged 41 and a Roadman for the County.

 

The 4th Battalion were engaged in the Battle of Arras at this time, but the 2nd Battle of the Scarpe, (23rd/24th April 1917) does not seem to have involved this unit according to any of the online resources I would normally use.

 

A search of the CWGC database reveals the 4th Battalion suffered 66 fatalities on this day.

 

Lance Corporal Luke Aldous, 201214, aged 22, from Bedfield, Framlingham

Private F Bates,202372

Private C W Biggs, 201645

Private Walter Breed, 201644, age 37, from Hemel Hempstead

Private Charles Anthony Bunn, 201669, age 34, from Shepherds Bush, London

Private Alfred Bush, 201399

Private Thomas Frederick Castleden, 201558, age 39, from Sevenoaks

Serjeant George Rivers Chaplin, 202374, age 23, from Bramford, Ipswich

Private Thomas Dennis Cheshire, 202173

Corporal Arthur William Cocker, 200267

Private C H Codling, 201070, from Hadleigh

Private Arthur Coleman, 200834, age 32, from Ipswich.

Private John Cooper, 201133

Private Frederick Herbert James Cowles, 200280

Private Harry Sidney Crack, 201917

Private Arthur Crick, 202127, age 17, from Preston, Suffolk

Private Ernest Cutts, 240643, age 20, from Wickhambrook, Suffolk

Private John William Davison, 238026

Lance Corporal Leonard Christopher Day, 200058

Private Albert Victor Dean, 201713, age 33, from Great Shelford, Cambridgeshire

Private R H Ellis, 201468

Private James Ellwood, 202179, age 24, from Willingham, Cambridgeshire

Private Alfred William Emery, 201483

Lance Serjeant A G Everson, MM, 200732

Private William Herbert Fulcher, 201831

Private Herbert Gage, 202185, age 23, from Monks Eleigh, Ipswich

Private James Gardner, 202186

Private Wilfred Hugh Geater, 238033, age 22, from Yoxford, Suffolk

Private Alfred Goldsmith, 202359

Private John Gooch, 201978, age 18, from Bury St Edmunds

Private Walter Hardwick, 201349

Private George Albert Harriott, 202189

Private W P Hebblewhite, 202331

Lance Serjeant Edward John Hills, 202431, age 20, from Sudbury

Private W L Hornsby, 201715, age 30, from Castor, Peterborough

Private F Jay, 202196

Private Arthur King, 201912

Private Frank King, 202197

Private William Frederick Larter, 200626, age 20, from Lowestoft

Private Frederick Charles Lyon, 19741, age 27, from Cambridge

Private Frank Mabbett, 201762, age 31, from Kettering

Private Frank Herbert Manning, 201759

Private Stanley Walter Augustus Mattin, 200897, age 27 from Great Glemham

Lance Corporal Ernest Edward Meadows 202229, age 25, from Little Shelford, Cambridgeshire

Lance Corporal G Mickleburgh, 202202 (Bungay War Memorial)

Private Charles Mingay, 201459

Private John William Morgan, 201431, age 34, from Cambridge

Private J Page, 201121

Private Arthur Charks Palmer-Gowing, 200734, age 25, from Westerfield, Ipswich

Private William Patman, 202207, age 21, from Gillingham, Kent

Private Albert John Pickett, 202002

Private John George Race, 201403

Private Herbert Frank Rand, 201181

Private Alfred Ruse, 201505

Private Herbert Sanderson, 202371, age 31 from Bingley, Yorks

Private William Walter Scott, 200678

Private Henry James Arnold Sneller, 202158, age 20,from East Ham, London

Lance Corporal Wallis Stammers, 201452, age 26, from Eye

Private Ernest Stearne, 201127, age 29, from Worlingham

Private Arthur Daniel Sterry, 202937

Private Albert Taylor, 202128, age 21, from Weston Colville, Cambs.

Private Walter Edward Tillett, 201498, age 27, from Ipswich

Corporal John Turner, 200147, age 21, from Woodbridge

Private Thomas Henry Hastings Wall, 201227, age 28, from Lowestoft

Private Albert Bertie Warren, 200717

2nd Lt Harold Wallace Woods, age 20, from Ipswich

 

Over 50 are recorded on the Arras Memorial as having no known grave.

2nd Lt David Glen appears to have died of wounds the next day, along with Private W H Ingle, 202195.

**********************************************************************

Private Charles William Minns. [Listed as Lance Corporal on memorial/plaque] Private 32042, 12th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 19th August 1918. Born Bungay, enlisted Norwich. (RoH)

 

Name: MINNS, CHARLES WILLIAM

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 12th Bn.

Age: 23 Date of Death: 19/08/1918 Service No: 320242

Additional information: Son of Harry Edwin Minns, of Castle Lane, Bungay, Suffolk. Grave/Memorial Reference: II. C. 58. Cemetery: OUTTERSTEENE COMMUNAL CEMETERY EXTENSION, BAILLEUL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=42413

 

No match on Norlink

 

(see brother Harry below)

 

Family History website can be seen here

www.geocities.com/abbertonroh/minns.htm

 

The 12th Battalion, formerly the Norfolk Yeomanry had fought in the Middle East & Palestine until April 1918, but following the enormous losses by the Allies in the German Spring Offensive they were hastily shipped to France.

 

There is a period described as The Advance in Flanders (1918) ~ 18th August - 6th September 1918, with no specific actions but a serious of occupations of areas abandoned by the Germans as they retreated back to the Hindenburg Line.

 

**********************************************************************

Private Harry Edwin Minns. Private 14866, 8th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 11th August 1917. Born Bungay, enlisted Norwich. (RoH)

 

Name: MINNS, HARRY EDWIN

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 8th Bn.

Age: 23 Date of Death: 11/08/1917 Service No: 14866

Additional information: Son of Harry Edwin and Alice Victoria Minns, of 3, Castle Lane, Bungay, Suffolk.

Grave/Memorial Reference: Panel 4. Memorial: YPRES (MENIN GATE) MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=907016

 

No match on Norlink

 

(see brother Charles above)

 

Family History website can be seen here

www.geocities.com/abbertonroh/minns.htm

 

The 8th Battalion were engaged in the Battle of Passchendaele at this time, although the usual Internet sources failed to turn up any specific information about this date. A search of the CWGC database reveals the battalion suffered 56 fatalities on this day.

 

**********************************************************************

Private R G MOORE - no further information on RoH

 

Possibly

Name: MOORE, ROBERT GEORGE

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Royal Fusiliers Unit Text: 8th Bn.

Age: 22 Date of Death: 07/10/1916 Service No: 41941

Additional information: Son of Laura Moore, of Wissett, Halesworth, Suffolk, and the late Arthur Moore.

Grave/Memorial Reference: Pier and Face 8 C 9 A and 16 A. Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1545526

 

(The 4 other R G Moore’s listed have links with other part of the country rather than anything to link them to Bungay)

 

No match on Norlink

 

I can find no specific information that links the Robert Moore on the CWGC web-site with Bungay. The 8th Fusiliers were certainly in action on this date - the death of a fellow unit member can be read about here

www.somme-1916.com/soldier011.htm

 

The 1901 Census has a Ruben Moore living at an unidentifiable address in Bungay. Ruben is aged 7, was born in Bungay, and is living with his uncle, Thomas Moore, (age 43, a Coal and Corn Carter) and aunt, Louisa Moore. Also living with them is Thomas’ niece, and presumably Ruben’s sister, Edith Moore, aged 23 and a Printers Officer.

 

There is no obvious Ruben Moore on the CWGC web-site.

*********************************************************************

Gunner Frederick [William] Mutimer. Gunner 2070096, Royal Artillery. Killed in action 2nd September 1918. Enlisted and resident Bungay. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=310040

 

Unit listed as “C” Battery 235th Brigade on CWGC,

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census lists 6 Frederick Mutimer’s, and all are of an age that they could have served in WW1. While none come from Bungay or were currently living there, three come from nearby villages, principally Worlingworth and Denton.

1: Aged 27,married and an agricultural labourer living at Finkle Street, Worlingworth

2: Aged 24, married, and a carter for a wine and spirit merchant, living at Wilby Road, Stradbroke, (Born Denham)

3: Aged 9, living at Belstead Road, Belstead, Suffolk

4: Aged 1, living at Church Road, Worlingworth

**********************************************************************

Private F Osborne - no further information on RoH

 

Possibly

Name: OSBORNE, FRED

Rank: Able Seaman Service: Royal Navy Unit Text: (RFR/CH/B/9092). H.M.S. "Cressy." Age: 32 Date of Death: 22/09/1914 Service No: 198537

Additional information: Son of Benjamin Osborne, of Mile End, Bungay, Suffolk, and the late Rachel Osborne; husband of Edith Wealland (formerly Osborne), of 178, Hedley St., Wallsend, Northumberland.

Grave/Memorial Reference: 2. Memorial: CHATHAM NAVAL MEMORIAL

 

Or

Name: OSBORNE, FREDERICK C.

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: Bedfordshire Regiment Unit Text: 7th Bn.

Age: 39 Date of Death: 16/11/1916 Service No: 40506

Additional information: Husband of Annie Eliza Osborne, of Dairy Cottages, Starston, Harleston, Norfolk.

 

Grave/Memorial Reference: Pier and Face 2 C. Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=807473

 

No match on Norlink

 

A possible match for the first Fred Osborne, is a Royal Navy Seaman, aged 18 who is recorded as being at Gibraltar on the night of the 1901 Census. No ship name is shown on the page concerned, but as most of the rest of the names are boy sailors. I would assume this was a training ship. His place of birth is given as Mettingham.

 

Loss of the Cressy

www.worldwar1.co.uk/cressy.htm

 

From the 7th Battalion’s war diary entires around this date, there is nothing to hint at why Private Osborne died.

 

12-11-16 3.30pm to 15-11-16 Bn. detailed to relieve 8th Bn.Suffolk Regt. in TRENCHES - (REGINA) 12/13 Copy of orders attd. remained in Trenches until night of 15/16 when they were relieved by the 11th Canadian Brigade. The Battn. moved back to Huts in OVILLERS (X.13.b.29) Albert Map. During this tour in trenches all preparations were made for Attack on MIRAUMONT but the weather was very wet & it was not carried out before the Bn. was due for relief.

16-11-16 Bn. employed in improving the Communication Trench in 54th Brigade Sector.

www.bedfordregiment.org.uk/7thbtn/7thbtn1916diary.html

************************************************************************

Sergeant Robert Page. Sergeant 43538, 8th Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 11th August 1917. Born Loughborough, Leicestershire, enlisted Bungay. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=464191

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has a 13 year old Robert living at Broad Street, Bungay, with his grandparents, Robert, (aged 70 and a Grocer’s carman) and Charlotte, (aged 66). Although Genes Re-united have translated Robert’s birth-place as Linghbury, a check of the original scan shows that it should be Loughborough. Even on the 1891 Census it was the same situation, although there is also recorded four other sons of the older Robert, all single and in their 20’s. The Pages also have a grand-daughter living with them, aged 7. As she is also shown as being born at Loughborough, she is probably the sister of the younger Robert. The Bungay Census takers handwriting is awful - my best guess is that the sisters name is Kate.

 

Although I do not have details of the action in which Sergeant Page died, see Harry Minns above for a full list of the 8th Battalions casualties on this day.

**********************************************************************

Private Alfred [Archibald] Plummer. Private 8052, 2nd Battalion, Lincolnshire Regiment. Killed in action 10th March 1915. Born and resident Bungay, enlisted Great Yarmouth. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1560652

 

No match on Norlink

 

There is no obvious Alfred or Archibald on the 1901 Census. There is an Archer, aged 8, living at Websters Lane, Bungay, with his parents, William, (aged 50 and an agricultural labourer) and Isabella, (aged 50) as well as step-brother Earney Steward (aged 12).

 

The Brigade of which the 2nd Lincs were part, (25th), were in the forefront of the Battle of Neuve Chappelle, which commenced on the 10th March 1915.

 

Three infantry brigades were ordered to advance quickly as soon as the barrage lifted from the front line at 8.05am. The Gharwal Brigade of the Indian Corps advanced successfully, with the exception of the 1/39th Gharwal Rifles on the extreme right that went astray and plunged into defences untouched by the bombardment, suffering large losses. The 25th and 23rd Brigades of the 8th Division made good progress against the village. There were delays in sending further orders and reinforcements forward, but by nightfall the village had been captured, and the advanced units were in places as far forward as the Layes brook. During the night the Germans reinforced their second line in front of the Bois de Biez, and all further attempts over the next few days brought little material success.

www.1914-1918.net/bat9.htm

**********************************************************************

Private Ernest Plummer. Private 6837, 1st Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 14th September 1914. Born Bungay, enlisted Starston. (RoH)

 

Name: PLUMMER, ERNEST

Rank: Private Regiment: Norfolk Regiment Unit Text: 1st Bn.

Age: 27 Date of Death: 14/09/1914 Service No: 6837

Additional information: Husband of F. M. Plummer, of Hall Road, Earsham, Bungay, Suffolk.

Memorial: LA FERTE-SOUS-JOUARRE MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=723646

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has a 14 year old Ernest living at what looks like Bridge Street, Bungay, with his parents, George, (aged 50 and a Labourer Road Man) and Mary Ann, (aged 45).

 

The 1st Battalion was engaged in the Battle of the Aisne at this time

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Battle_of_the_Aisne

 

*********************************************************************

Trooper Steven L Plummer. [Listed as Trooper on memorial/plaque] Private 16723, 8th Battalion, Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment). Died in Malta 2nd January 1916. Born and resident Bungay, enlisted Norwich. Formerly Trooper 20904, Dragoons. (RoH)

 

Name: PLUMMER Initials: S L

Rank: Private Regiment: Duke of Wellington's (West Riding Regiment) Unit Text: 8th Bn.

Age: 21 Date of Death: 02/01/1916 Service No: 16723

Additional information: Son of Stephen and Ellen Plummer, of 8, Bardolph Rd., Bungay, Suffolk.

Grave/Memorial Reference: C. V. 4. Cemetery: PIETA MILITARY CEMETERY

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=115718

 

No match on Norlink

 

There are no Steven Plummer’s recorded on the 1901 Census. There is a Stephen Plummer, aged 6, living at Beccles Road, Bungay with his parents, Stephen, (aged 44 and a Domestic Gardener) and Nellie, (aged 42) as well as brothers, Leonard, (aged 12), Reginald, (aged 2) and sisters Catherine, (aged 4), Eva, (aged 9) and Marjorie, (aged 14 and a dressmakers apprentice)

 

The 8th Battalion had been involved in the landings at Suvla - Malta was one of the places that the seriously wounded from Gallipoli were evacuated to for treatment.

**********************************************************************

Lt Robert Ernest Porter. [Listed as Lieutenant on memorial/plaque] Second Lieutenant, 11th Battalion, Royal Fusiliers. Died of wounds 10th August 1917. Aged 23. Son of William and Annie Porter, of 41, Lower Olland St., Bungay. Buried in THE HUTS CEMETERY, Ieper, West-Vlaanderen, Belgium. Plot II. Row B. Grave 15. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=156659

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has a Robert Ernest Porter, age 7, living at Lower Ollands Street, Bungay with his father, William, (aged 45, a Printers Warehouseman) and siblings Edith, (aged 15, a Book Folder), Maude, (aged 11), Ruth, (aged 9), Saphromia Elizabeth, (aged 4), and William, (aged 17, a Grocers Warehouseman).

**********************************************************************

Private Frederick Read. Private 5721, 12th Lancers (Princes of Wales Royal). Died of wounds 10th April 1917. Enlisted Lowestoft, resident Bungay. (RoH)

 

Name: READ, FREDERICK

Rank: Private Regiment: 12th (Prince of Wales's Royal) Lancers Age: 35

Date of Death: 10/04/1917 Service No: 5721

Additional information: Son of the late William Saint Read and Amelia Read.

Grave/Memorial Reference: Bay 1. Memorial: ARRAS MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1620260

 

No match on Norlink

See brother George below.

 

On the 1901 Census there is a Frederick, (age 20 and a Printers Labourer) living with his widowed mother, Amelia, (aged 37) at Nethergate Street, Bungay and numerous siblings, but no George. However, the 1891 Census has the same family still at Nethergate Street, but with father William still alive, (age 37 in 1891) and with a brother George, (aged 8 to Fred’s 9) in residence. George is shown as being born in Bungay. There is no George of the appropriate age and birthplace showing up on the Genes Reunited 1901 Census database - possibly serving abroad in the Army?.

 

Other siblings include:-

1901 Census

Annie L.....................aged 10

Ellen..........................aged 13

Harry..........................aged 15....Bakers Boy

Polly...........................aged 24.....Printer’s Folder

Selina M....................aged 7

 

1891 Census - additionals

Lucy.....................aged 13

William.................aged 11

 

The 12th Lancers fought as unmounted infantry during the Battle of Arras, which commenced on the 9th April 1917, although this may be a co-incidence with Trooper Read’s death.

www.naval-military-press.com/12th-royal-lancers-in-france...

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)

 

************************************************************************

Private George Arthur Read. Private 23450, 12th Battalion, East Surrey Regiment. Killed in action 8th February 1917. Born Bungay, enlisted Bury St Edmund's. (RoH)

 

Name: READ, GEORGE ARTHUR

Rank: Private Regiment/Service: East Surrey Regiment Unit Text: 12th Bn.

Age: 35 Date of Death: 08/02/1917 Service No: 23450

Additional information: Son of William and Amelia Read; husband of Esther Read, of 15, Scales St., Bungay, Suffolk.

Grave/Memorial Reference: M. 44. Cemetery: DICKEBUSCH NEW MILITARY CEMETERY

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=441756

 

No match on Norlink

See brother Frederick above for family.

************************************************************************

Private William Reeve. [Listed as Private on memorial/plaque] Rifleman 1441, 2nd Battalion, Rifle Brigade (The Prince Consort's Own). Killed in action 12th November 1916. Born, resident and enlisted Bungay. (RoH)

 

Name: REEVE, WILLIAM

Rank: Rifleman Regiment/Service: Rifle Brigade Unit Text: 2nd Bn.

Date of Death: 12/11/1916 Service No: 1441

Additional information: Son of Mr. F. Reeve, of 27, Lower Olland St., Bungay Suffolk. Grave/Memorial Reference: Pier and Face 16 B and 16 C. Memorial: THIEPVAL MEMORIAL

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1550719

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has a 13 year old William Reeve living at Lower Olland Street, the household of his parents, Frederick, (aged 46, a journeyman bricklayer), and Susan, (aged 45) as well as sister Betrease, (poss. transcription error, could be Beatrice, aged 11).

**********************************************************************

Private Bertie Revell. Private 23664, 11th (Depot) Battalion, Suffolk Regiment. Died 18th March 1919. Aged 35. Born Ditchingham, Norfolk, enlisted Bungay. Son of Charles and Minnie Revell; husband of Emma Revell, of 35, Flixton Rd., Bungay. Buried in BUNGAY CEMETERY, Bungay, Suffolk. Section Q. Grave 44. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=397112

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has Bertie Revell, aged 16 and a Tailor, living at Loddon Road, Ditchingham in the household of his parents Charles, (aged 46 and a house painter), and Amelia, (aged 43). Also living there were brothers, Charlie, (aged 14 and a printers errand boy), Hubert(? - Genes Reunited site shows Herbert, scanned document has been heavily amended), (aged 10), Herbert, (aged 7), Edgar, (aged 2), and sisters, Alice, (aged 8),Gertrude, (aged 6) and Dorothy, (aged 5).

*********************************************************************

Private Arthur Charles Reynolds. Private 8751, 1st Battalion, Norfolk Regiment. Killed in action 30th October 1914. Born Bungay, enlisted Norwich. No known grave. Commmorated on LE TOURET MEMORIAL, Pas de Calais, France. Panel 8. (RoH)

www.cwgc.org/search/casualty_details.aspx?casualty=1561096

 

No match on Norlink

 

The 1901 Census has 7 year old Arthur Reynolds living at Neatgate Street, Bungay, the household of his parents, Charles, (aged 32 and a sawyer on farm), and Rosslla, (aged 32) as well as sisters Daisy, (aged 10), Edith, (aged 5) and Maudy, (aged 12).

 

The Hawaii Air National Guard F-22 Raptors prepare for take off at Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam, September 26, 2015. In 2010, the 199th Fighter Squadron converted to the F-22 from the F-15 Eagle and began flying the Raptors in partnership with the 19th Fighter Squadron. The Hawaiian Raptors are deploying to the CENTCOM area of responsibility. This is the first combat deployment for the 199th Fighter Squadron since it deployed to Saudi Arabia in 2000 to patrol the southern no-fly zone of Iraq. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by Airman 1st Class Robert Cabuco/released)

Newcastle: arrived with 1E94 08:22 from Taunton 25/08/1979.

 

47255 was later fitted with ETH & renumbered 47596.

 

Rescanned from negative.

In some rather dire light, just after the rain had stopped, 90019 'Multimodal' approaches Colton, with 1N16, 12.22 from Kings Cross to Newcastle. Supposedly the last 90 hauled northbound train operated by LNER.

Smoke and Mirrors Lilith in Muses Look #22 from Owen Su's Dangerous Love Collection.

 

For some reason whenever Eden or Lilith is in front of my camera lens, I can't stop photographing them. There's just something about these two, thus the vast number of photos always posted when one is redressed.

St. Peter and St. Paul's Church is a Roman Catholic church located in the Antakalnis neighbourhood of Vilnius, Lithuania.

 

Construction was begun in 1688 and the decorative works were completed in 1704.

 

It is the centerpiece of a former monastery complex of the Canons Regular of the Lateran.

 

Its interior has masterful compositions of some 2,000 stucco figures by Giovanni Pietro Perti and ornamentation by Giovanni Maria Galli and is unique in Europe.

 

The church is considered a masterpiece of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth Baroque.

 

The interior of the church changed relatively little since that time.

 

The major change was the loss of the main altar. The wooden altar was moved to the Catholic church in Daugai in 1766.[4]

 

The altar is now dominated by the Farewell of St. Peter and St. Paul, a large painting by Franciszek Smuglewicz, installed there in 1805.

 

The interior was restored by Giovanni Beretti and Nicolae Piano from Milan in 1801–04.[11]

 

At the same time, a new pulpit imitating the ship of Saint Peter was installed.

 

In 1864, as reprisal for the failed January Uprising, Mikhail Muravyov-Vilensky closed the monastery and converted its buildings into military barracks.[11]

 

There were plans to turn the church into an Eastern Orthodox church, but they never materialized.[11] In 1901–05, the interior was restored again. The church acquired the boat-shaped chandelier and the new pipe organ with two manuals and 23 organ stops.[12]

 

The dome was damaged during World War II bombings, but was rebuilt true to its original design.[12]

 

When in 1956 Vilnius Cathedral was converted into an art museum by Soviet authorities, the silver sarcophagus with sacred relics of Saint Casimir was moved to the St. Peter and St. Paul's Church.[13] The sarcophagus was returned to its place in 1989.

 

Despite religious persecutions in the Soviet Union, extensive interior restoration was carried out in 1976–87.[11]

 

About the Decorative Scheme

St. Peter and St. Paul's is one of the most studied churches in Lithuania.[19]

 

Its interior has over 2,000 different decor elements that creates a stunning atmosphere.[20]

 

The main author of the decor plan is not known. It could be the founder Pac, monks of the Lateran, or Italian artists.

No documents survive to explain the ideas behind the decorations, therefore various art historians attempted to find one central theme: Pac's life and Polish–Lithuanian relations, teachings of Saint Augustine, Baroque theater, etc.[19]

 

Art historian Birutė Rūta Vitkauskienė identified several main themes of the decor: structure of the Church as proclaimed at the Council of Trent with Saint Peter as the founding rock, early Christian martyrs representing Pac's interest in knighthood and ladyship, themes relevant to the Canons Regular of the Lateran, and themes inherited from previous churches (painting of Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy and altar of Five Wounds of Christ).[21]

 

The decor combines a great variety of symbols, from local (patron of Vilnius Saint Christopher) to Italian saints (Fidelis of Como),[22] from specific saints to allegories of virtues.

 

There are many decorative elements – floral (acanthus, sunflowers, rues, fruits), various objects (military weapons, household tools, liturgical implements, shells, ribbons), figures (puttos, angels, soldiers), fantastical creatures (demons, dragons, centaurs), Pac's coat of arms, masks making various expressions – but they are individualized, rarely repeating.[23]

 

The architects and sculptors borrowed ideas from other churches in Poland (Saints Peter and Paul Church, Kraków, Sigismund's Chapel of Wawel Cathedral) and Italy (St. Peter's Basilica, Church of the Gesù).[22]

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_St._Peter_and_St._Paul,_V...

From the Church's Brochure

The church was erected after the Russian invasion that devastated Vilnius in the mid-17th century.

 

Barely a dozen years passed, and the capital of Lithuania began to recover.

 

In 1668 Mykolas Kazimieras Pacas, Hetman of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and wojewode of Vilnius, embarked upon the Antakalnis.

 

The church is decorated by the stucco mouldings of two excellent Italian sculptors, Giovanni Pietro Petri and Giovanni Maria Galli.

 

The interior of the church consists of the main nave, six chapels on both sides, and the transept.

Oh wait a minute, that ride is next door... While there might not be much love in this elevator, I know there's a lot of love for this elevator!

 

Unfortunately, this was the last shot I was able to take with my Tokina lens on the trip. I think it might be a coincidence, but when I got off the ride the autofocus was completely jammed and manual focus could not be engaged. While I was very bummed at the time, things turned out fine. When we got back to the room, I was able to rent a Canon 10-22 from lenspal.com which is only about 1/2 hour from WDW. After a week of shooting with the Canon, I really didn't want to give it back... I think I like it better than my Tokina.

 

The Tokina was sent in for a warranty repair and just came back today. Now that it's in tip-top shape again, I'm seriously thinking about selling it for the 10-22.

 

This shot was inspired by an excellent one that I saw Gregg post last year (here).

 

Walt Disney World | Hollywood Studios | Tower of Terror

Hertfordshire Railtours "The Mersey Docker" passes through Reddish South behind class 45/1 locomotive 45128 (D113), this tour had originated from London Euston and covered some lines that are just not there today or are totally impassable due to vegetation growth.

Reddish South itself is now a single track platform, the line on the left now lifted and along with that sees 1 train a week, a Parliamentary or Ghost train that runs once a week (May 2015) on a Friday at 09.22 from Stockport in one direction only.

New to Derby as D113 on 19/8/61 withdrawn from Tinsley 4/89 cut up 03/92 by MC Metals Glasgow

 

20th February 1988

Photo Taken in Basildon on Wednesday 23rd February 2022.

 

This Photo was Taken on my Canon 4000D.

 

Photo is Copyrighted by me ©️JKMDodger1998.Photography. If you do want to use my images anywhere else please make sure I get credited. Thanks!

This photo is my #10 Fontpage

 

Highest position : #22

 

From frontpage capture : frontpagecapture

 

View the photo : link

 

View more my Flickr Frontpage set: link

 

and my Flickr Explore set : link

Photo was taken during the Pittsburgh Earth Day Climate Strike took place on 4/22/22.

 

From the event organizers:

 

Pittsburghers from the Sunrise Movement and other allied organizations (see full list below) will rally at 414 Grant Street to celebrate Earth Day and push for serious climate justice policy from our local, state and national governments. We’ll be striking to make sure that people in power know that they can’t keep ignoring the voices of the people, and we’d like to bring out as big of a crowd as possible to do that. So come on down everybody, and join us in celebrating Earth Day!

WHAT: A rally to celebrate Earth Day and demand concrete climate action.

WHEN: 2 PM - 4 PM ET.

WHERE: At the City County Building, 414 Grant St.

WHY: The world is in a state of emergency. Across the globe, the climate crisis is wreaking havoc on our communities, destroying our homes and livelihoods, and leaving death and destruction in its wake. The message is clear: our extractive system has resulted in the greatest crisis we have ever faced, and we must rise to defeat the challenge of our lifetimes. We cannot let politics or corporatism convince us that there is no way out, because there is: a just transition from fossil fuels to a regenerative economy.

WHO: Our organizers and endorsers are an intergenerational coalition working together to bring about concrete climate action. If your organization would like to join this list we only have two things that we specifically ask of our endorsing partners:

Bring out your base! As many people as you can. The more you can spread the word, the more impact this action could have.

Be ready to keep working together after the action is over. We can’t afford to stop fighting and to ensure we get the justice we deserve we have to fight as a team. The partnerships formed through this action are something we hope lasts well after it!

Our Endorsing Partners (in alphabetical order):

350 Pittsburgh

Abolition Law Center

Alliance for Police Accountability

Bend the Arc: Pittsburgh

Breathe Project

CAPA Asian Student Union

Casa San Jose

Churchill Future

Citizens Climate Lobby

Clean Water Action

CMU Divest

Fossil Free Pitt

Green Party of Allegheny County

Human Rights City Alliance Student Action Network

Izaak Walton League of America (Allegheny County)

Justice for All Network

Ohio Valley Environmental Resistance

One PA

One Payer States

Palestinian Solidarity Committee Pittsburgh

PASUP

Pittsburgh Green New Deal

Pittsburgh Youth Climate Council

Putting Down Roots

Socialist Alternative

Straight Ahead

Sunrise Movement Pittsburgh

Winchester Thurston Climate Changers

IF YOUR ORGANIZATION WOULD LIKE TO JOIN THIS AMAZING LIST AND HELP OUT: Email Ilyas Khan (ilsomoshi@gmail.com) for more information!

Our Demands

We’re structuring this action so that every organization can bring demands to the table, but each organizations’ demands do not supersede the overall goals of the strike:

1. Pittsburgh universities (Pitt, CMU, Chatham, Carlow, Duquesne, Point Park, etc.) and institutions must divest from fossil fuels, and do so with transparency to the public.

2. The City must transition away from single use plastics, starting with taking them out of our retail services. A regular conversation between activists and the Gainey administration in regards to plastic pollution needs to be established.

3. The broader community must get involved and engaged in fighting the climate crisis in any way they can. This can be by joining organizations or other means!

4. Gainey and other reps must stand against the cracker plant and all current and planned fossil fuel infrastructure, to protect our air and water quality and communities.

5. Pittsburgh must divest from the police and reinvest in the community.

6. Education on the Climate Emergency: Allegheny county schools must recognize the threat and educate on it.

7. A fracking ban in Allegheny County.

8. The halting of national pipeline construction.

9. The passage of voting acts that ensure everyone has easy and equal access to voting.

10. The city, county, state and country must invest in communities of color and create opportunities for good green jobs

...100th view 5-22-20...

...200th view 6-13-20...

...300th view 8-2-20...

...400th view 5-2-22...

 

from the 4-29-20 san francisco chronicle---photo description---Brian Stokle waves a flag (this design pictured above) he designed as an alternative to the official city flag in San Francisco. Stokle’s design features a new Phoenix rising from flames on a gray and yellow background.

Avon Buses Alexander Dennis Dart Alexander Dennis Pointer 2 SN55 DVF (155) seen at Arrowe Park Hospital after arriving on service 22 from Chester. 14/9/16

New territory for Catch22bus, having extended route 22 from its previous northerly terminus of Cleveleys to Fleetwood as of 04/04/16 to replace a former Stagecoach route.

This ex Stagecoach Dart is in Catch22bus's mock Cardiff livery.

 

DB Br 120, 120 132-6, passes Gümmer with an InterCity service, IC146 10:22 from Berlin Ostbahnhof to Amsterdam Centraal

Portrait affixed to the headstone marking the grave of Marian M. Tope in the Mountain View Cemetery in Prescott, Arizona.

 

Her obituary from the newspaper, "Belle Plain Herald," of Belle Plain, Minnesota reads as follows:

 

"Marian Marcella (McRaith) Tope, 89, of Prescott, AZ, passed away on February 17, 2013.

A Rosary and Memorial will be held Friday, Feb. 22 from 6-8 p.m. at Arizona Ruffner Wakelin Funeral Home, 303 S. Cortez, Prescott, AZ 86303. A Mass and celebration of her life will be held Saturday Feb. 23 at noon at Sacred Heart Church (150 Fluery Ave., Prescott, AZ 86301). A luncheon will follow at Marian’s home, 1201 Demerse, Prescott, AZ 86301 – all are welcome. Please join the family in honoring her proud Irish heritage by wearing a bit of green.

 

Born to Joseph and Mary McRaith on Jan. 16, 1924 in Belle Plaine, MN. Marian fulfilled her desire to be a nurse at 17 by joining the Cadet Nurse Corps. She trained at St. Catherine’s College, and upon graduation was stationed with many of her fellow graduates at Fort Whipple in Prescott Arizona. At Whipple, Marian made many lifelong friends who she treasured to her dying day. Along with friends, Marian met and married a recovering Navy man, Allen Tope, with whom she had four children.

 

Nursing for Marian was not just a career; it was a way of life. Along with nurturing her family, she cared for Phoenix patients in ICU and Orthopedics; eventually retiring from active nursing in 1987 as head nurse of oncology at St. Joseph’s hospital in Phoenix, AZ.

 

Marian was a dedicated Hospice volunteer, active in her church and the community. As a founding member of the Clarets at Sacred Heart in the 40s, Marian returned to help the organization in its ministries after retirement. She also took pride in her involvement to establish both Robert E. Simpson School and the Agnes E. Miller Boy’s Club, both of Phoenix.

 

Marian had a love of all things family and was proud of her Irish heritage, eventually traveling to Ireland to explore her family’s history. She treasured her family in Minnesota and enjoyed visiting with them on many trips back home. In her later years she filled her days playing bridge with friends, golfing, fishing and reading.

 

She is survived by sons, Mark and Greg Tope; and daughters, Cathy Clark and Sharon Grassi; as well as 13 grandchildren and five great grandchildren.

 

Marian is preceded in death by her parents; along with siblings, Jack, Tom, Kevin, Jerome, Joe and Therese. "

AVI_?? (#09) [? Points]

A small outlined camo space invader in one of the narrow streets at the North side of the old center of Avignon. Not hard to find but the camoflage colors do their work.

Other view:

AVI_?? (#09)

Date of invasion: Summer 2000

 

INVASION OF AVIGNON | THE CAMO INVASION

The reason that Invader has chosen to camoflate his art work in space invaders was for tactical reasons. He was invited to participate in a big art festival in Avignon (“La Beauté”, Summer 2000) for which he wanted to invade the city and to make a map of the invasion. But a few weeks before Invader wanted to start he received a phone call from the festival organization asking him to change his plans because Avignon was a very old city with a lot of listed historical buildings that Invader was not allowed to invade.

Invader’s idea was to invade it anyway but to turn it into a special camo invasion. This basis were that that the Space Invaders were made with the same color as the walls. (Invader 2001 from an interview)

 

Score Table: Invasion Wave: 01, Invaders: 41, Points: 0660

 

As I don’t know the identity numbers Invader was using I chose to number them in the order I found them. These are listed in brackets above with the hashtag. Photos are taken on the 31/05, 01/06 or on 05/06 when we revisited Avignon during the day. In total I found 22 from the 41 (53 %).

 

New in 2016, Lothian 460 was seen heading west along Princes Street working a Service 22 from Ocean Terminal at Leith to Gyle Centre on the city’s western edge. This route between two suburban shopping centres parallels the Edinburgh tramway for some of its route. The vehicle is seen passing the Marks and Spencer store which has grown considerably since it opened in 1957, replacing much of the original Royal Hotel as well as a cinema (The Picture House, closed 1951). A new hotel (the Mount Royal) opened above the M&S store while the remainder of the original hotel was replaced by an extension to Jenners department store. The hotel has in recent years been rebranded the Mercure Edinburgh Princes Street. The previously mentioned Picture House cinema (originally opened 1913 as the New Picture House and carved out of part of the hotel) was the first in Edinburgh to show the first proper “Talkie”, Al Jolson’s “The Singing Fool” on 10th June 1929.

The North Wales Coast Line is the railway line from Crewe to Holyhead. Virgin Trains consider their services along it to be a spur of the West Coast Main Line. The first section from Crewe to Chester was built by the Chester and Crewe Railway and absorbed by the Grand Junction Railway shortly before opening in 1840. The remainder was built between 1844 and 1850 by the Chester and Holyhead Railway Company as the route of the Irish Mail services to Dublin. The line was later incorporated in the London and North Western Railway. Between Chester and Saltney Junction, the line was, from the start, used by trains of the Shrewsbury and Chester Railway later to be incorporated in the Great Western Railway.

  

The line is not electrified, so Virgin West Coast Pendolino trains have to be hauled by a diesel locomotive. The alternative to this is for them to use their Voyagers, which they have done since December 2007.

 

The main towns served by the route are listed below:

Crewe

Chester Line diverges to serve Wrexham, Shrewsbury and Cardiff (via the Shrewsbury to Chester Line - Route 14)

Wirral Line diverges to serve Birkenhead and Liverpool - Route 21 (Merseyrail)

 

Shotton The Borderlands Line (part of Route 22) from Wrexham to Bidston crosses at Shotton with interchange facilities.

 

Flint

Prestatyn

Rhyl

Abergele

Colwyn Bay

Llandudno Junction Lines diverge to serve Blaenau Ffestiniog (via the Conwy Valley Line) and Llandudno

 

Conwy

Penmaenmawr

Llanfairfechan

Bangor

Llanfairpwll Line diverges to Amlwch (Anglesey Central Railway, disused)

 

Bodorgan

Ty Croes

Rhosneigr

Valley Freight from Wylfa nuclear power station is loaded at a depot in Valley

 

Holyhead

 

The line contains several notable engineering structures, namely Conwy railway bridge across the River Conwy, and Britannia Bridge across the Menai Strait.

A pool of buses is reserved for rush hour work in Edinburgh and seen at Marine garage after returning from rush duties on service 22 is Lothian Trident 617G, which in 2006 was a 'guide-wheel' bus - part of an allocation which was usually detailed for service 2 on the now forgotten Edinburgh bus-way.

 

The screen 'Foot of the Walk' is hardly helpful for visitors, 'Foot of Leith Walk' would be more apt. In Edinburgh Corporation days this screen said simply 'Leith Walk' a spacious broadway which links the port of Leith with Edinburgh and scene of recent tram works which ultimately proved fruitless when the money ran out and the line was curtailed at York Place. From here westward the forthcoming tram service will follow most of bus 22's route and I believe in council efforts to 'encourage' use of the tram bus service 22 could be a casualty. A re-organisation of services could see bus route 25 cover the 22 from York Place to Leith and Ocean Terminal. This could enable service 49 to upgrade to double deck so to cover the Restalrig area vacated by the 25.

 

Standing at Wick in the sun is 158709 which had arrived yesterday at 18:22 from Inverness. It will wait till tomorrow morning to head south again, working the 06:18 service.

NASA astronaut Megan McArthur answers a question from the media after her and her crew mates NASA astronaut Shane Kimbrough, left, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut, Akihiko Hoshide, right, and ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet, not pictured, arrived at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

I was assigned to Engine Co. 22 from 9/86 to 12/88. Engine 22 is located at 159 E. 85th Street in the Yorkville area of New York City. We were the first due engine at Gracie Mansion, which is the home of the New York City Mayor. We also shared the firehouse with Ladder Co. 13 and the Battalion 10 Chief. This photo was taken while the engine was parked at the Marine Division headquarters at the southern tip of Manhattan.

From left to right, Crew-2 mission astronauts Thomas Pesquet (ESA), Megan McArthur (NASA), Shane Kimbrough (NASA) and Akihiko Hoshide (JAXA), arrive at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida on April 16, 2021. The astronauts departed by plane from Ellington Field near the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, making the short flight and touching down at Kennedy’s Launch and Landing Facility. The astronauts are set to launch on SpaceX’s Falcon 9 rocket and Crew Dragon spacecraft on the second crew rotation mission to the International Space Station as part of NASA’s Commercial Crew Program. Liftoff is targeted for 6:11 a.m. on Earth Day, Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at Kennedy. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

NASA image use policy.

 

Junichi Sakai, manager of the International Space Station Program for the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), bows as he leaves the podium after NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, arrived at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Bob Cabana, director, Kennedy Space Center, speaks to media prior to introducing NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, after they arrived at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

A few years ago, early on Saturday morning, I tried to enter St Dunstan's, with no luck. It was locked fast.

 

Which was a shame, as it looked a very interesting church from the outside, and with its location, just outside the city gate on the crossing of two main roads.

 

Anyway, I logged this away in my meory banks, detirmed to go back one day. And for a change this Heritage Weekend, we returned to Canterbury not once, but twice. And on the second day was rewarded with entry to three of the city churches.

 

St Dunstan is most famous for being the final resting place of Sir Thomas More's head, in the family tomb of his wife. There is fine glass commemorating this.

 

Some minor work is being carried out at the rear of the church, so a return will be needed to see the full restored church.

 

------------------------------------------------------

 

Dedicated to a former Archbishop of Canterbury, St Dunstan's stands outside the city walls. There is structural evidence of the Norman period, but most of the church is fourteenth century. The west tower dates from this time and is very oddly proportioned - about twice the height that its width can really cope with. The south chapel is constructed of brick and was completed in the early sixteenth century. It contains monuments to the More family and is the burial place of St. Thomas More's head, - brought here by his daughter after his execution. The family home stood opposite the church where its brick gateway may still be seen. There are two twentieth-century windows of note in the chapel, by Lawrence Lee and John Hayward.

  

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Canterbury+2

 

-------------------------------------------------

 

St. Dunstan's is an Anglican church in Canterbury, Kent, at the junction of London Road and Whitstable Road. It is dedicated to St. Dunstan (909-988) and gives its name to the part of the city on the left bank of the River Stour. The parish has been held in plurality with others nearby at different times, in a way that is confusing and difficult to document. In 2010 the parish was joined with the parishes of the City Centre Parish in a new pastoral grouping, City Centre with St. Dunstan.

 

The church dates from the 11th century and is a grade I listed building. It was restored in 1878-80 by church architect Ewan Christian. Its association with the deaths of Thomas Becket and Thomas More make it a place of pilgrimage.

 

Dunstan was Archbishop of Canterbury from 960 to 978 and was canonised soon after his death, becoming the favourite saint of the English until he was supplanted by Thomas Becket.[2] He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral but his tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

 

In 1174, when Henry II began his penitential pilgrimage in reparation for the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket, he changed his clothing into sackcloth at St. Dunstan’s Church and began his pilgrimage from here to Thomas Becket's tomb at Canterbury Cathedral on foot.

 

His daughter Margaret secured the release of Thomas More's head from its spike on London Bridge and brought it back to the family tomb of her husband William Roper.[4] The Roper family lived nearby off what is now St Dunstan's Street. What remains of their home is called Roper Gate, marked with a commemorative plaque, it is all that survives of Place House. The Roper family vault is located underneath the Nicholas Chapel, to the right of the church's main altar. It was sealed in recent years, according to Anglican tradition. A large stone slab marks its location to the immediate left of the chapel's altar. Three impressive stained glass windows line the chapel, the one behind the altar depicts in brilliant detail the major events and symbols in the life of the Saint. Another of the windows commemorates the visit of Pope John Paul II to Canterbury to pray with the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. The window displays the arms of the Archbishop's diocese and the Pope. Plaques mounted on the walls explain the veracity of the relic of the Saint's head, the sealing of the vault which contains it, and the life of the Saint, including a prayer he wrote.

  

St Dunstan’s has six bells, hung for change ringing in the English style, the heaviest weighing 13cwt (approx. 675 kg). Due to the unusual narrowness of the belfry, the bells are hung in a two-tier frame.

 

The fifth bell of the ring is one of the oldest Christian church bells in the world, believed to have been cast in 1325 by William le Belyetere, making it nearly 690 years old as of 2014 [5]

 

The bells were removed from the tower in 1935 so that a concrete structural beam could be fitted to the tower. At this time the bells were retuned by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, and rehung in the present frame in 1936.

 

The bells are rung on Friday evenings for practice, and Sunday mornings for the service, by the St Dunstan’s Society of Change Ringers.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury

 

----------------------------------------------

 

ir Thomas More (/ˈmɔːr/; 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More,[1][2] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.[3]

 

More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. He also wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation. More opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and beheaded. Ahead of his execution, he was reported saying his famous words: "I die the King's good servant, but God's first."

 

Pope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the "heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians."[4] Since 1980, the Church of England has remembered More liturgically as a Reformation martyr.[5] The Soviet Union honoured him for the 'Communistic' attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia.

 

Born in Milk Street in London, on February 7, 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[9] a successful lawyer and later judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's finest schools.[10] From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[11]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (now called the Renaissance), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary's Hall or Canterbury College, both now gone).[12]:38

 

More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[11]:xvii[13] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.

 

According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[14][15] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[11]:xxi

 

In spite of his choice to pursue a secular career, More continued ascetical practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[11]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.

 

More married Jane Colt in 1505.[12]:118 She was 5 years younger than her husband, quiet and good-natured.[12]:119 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[12]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[12]:132

 

Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[17] He certainly expected a mother to take care of his little children and, as the view of his time considered marriage as an "economic union",[18] he chose a rich widow, Alice Harpur Middleton.[19] More is regarded not getting remarried for sexual pleasure, since Alice is much older than himself, and their marriage possibly had not been consummated.[18] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation of the banns, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[17] Alice More lacked Jane's docility; More's friend Andrew Ammonius derided Alice as a "hook-nosed harpy."[20] Erasmus, however, called their marriage happy.[12]:144

 

More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[12]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.[12]:150[21]:xiv

 

More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, a highly unusual attitude at the time.[12]:146–47 His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.[12]:147 More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishment in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written:

 

When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly … he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms … for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] … to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.[21]:152

 

More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.[12]:149

 

A portrait of More and his family was painted by Holbein, but it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, two versions of which survive.

 

In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 began representing London.[22]

 

From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. More became Master of Requests in 1514,[23] the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.[24] After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York, to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.[24]

 

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

 

In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker.[24] In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.

 

More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, polemics, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."[25]

 

His early actions against the Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants, especially publishers, and arresting anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or selling the books of the Protestant Reformation. More vigorously suppressed the travelling country ministers who used Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament.[citation needed] It contained controversial translations of certain words; for example, Tyndale used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek "presbyteros", and some of the marginal glosses challenged Catholic doctrine.[26] It was during this time that most of his literary polemics appeared.

 

Rumours circulated during and after More's lifetime regarding ill-treatment of heretics during his time as Lord Chancellor. The popular anti-Catholic polemicist John Foxe, who "placed Protestant sufferings against the background of... the Antichrist",[27] was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his famous Book of Martyrs, claiming that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.[28] More himself denied these allegations:

 

Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge' – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'so helpe me God.'[12]:298

 

However, More writes in his "Apology" (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two heretics: a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting prayers.[29]:404 During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy; they were Thomas Hitton, Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbery, Thomas Dusgate, and James Bainham.[12]:299–306 Moynahan has argued that More was influential in the burning of Tyndale, as More's agents had long pursued him, even though this took place over a year after his own death.[30] Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy; about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.[31] His biographer Peter Ackroyd notes that More explicitly "approved of Burning".[12]:298

 

John Tewkesbury was a London leather seller found guilty by Bishop of London John Stokesley[32] of harbouring banned books; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant. More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."[33]

 

Modern commentators are divided over More's religious actions as Chancellor. Some biographers, including Ackroyd, have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time. Others have been more critical, such as Richard Marius, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for Protestants.[29]:386–406

 

Some Protestants take a different view. In 1980, More was added to the Church of England's calendar of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church, despite being a fierce opponent of the English Reformation that created the Church of England. He was added jointly with John Fisher, to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[5] Pope John Paul II honoured him by making him patron saint of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".

 

As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, Henry had isolated More by purging most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as "Supreme Head" of the Church in England. As a layperson, More did not need to take the oath and the clergy, after some initial resistance, took the oath with the addition of the clause "as far as the law of Christ allows." However, More saw he could not render the support Henry expected from his Lord Chancellor for the policy the King was developing to support the annulment of his marriage with Catherine. In 1532 he petitioned the King to relieve him of his office, alleging failing health. Henry granted his request.

 

In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.[34] Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him.

 

Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused of conspiring with the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied against the king's annulment, but More was able to produce a letter in which he had instructed Barton not to interfere with state matters.[citation needed]

 

On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. More accepted Parliament's right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England, but, holding fast to the teaching of papal supremacy, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More furthermore publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads:[35]

 

...By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...

 

With his refusal to support the King's annulment, More's enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the Tower of London. There More prepared a devotional Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse.

 

On 1 July 1535, More was tried before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. He was charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy and was tried under the following section of the Treasons Act 1534:

 

If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates …

 

That then every such person and persons so offending … shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.[36]

 

More, relying on legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" (literally, who (is) silent is seen to consent), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.

 

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth the Solicitor General, Richard Rich, to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation, and as More himself pointed out:

 

Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.

 

The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.

 

After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality". He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation. The execution took place on 6 July 1535. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, he is widely quoted as saying (to the officials): "I pray you, I pray you, Mr Lieutenant, see me safe up and for my coming down, I can shift for myself"; while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, but God's first."

 

Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.[39] More asked that his foster/adopted daughter Margaret Clement (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.[40] She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in an unmarked grave. His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. His daughter Margaret (Meg) Roper rescued it, possibly by bribery, before it could be thrown in the River Thames.[citation needed]

 

The skull is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, though some researchers[who?] have claimed it might be within the tomb he erected for More in Chelsea Old Church (see below). The evidence,[clarification needed] however, seems to be in favour of its placement in St Dunstan's, with the remains of his daughter, Margaret Roper, and her husband's family, whose vault it was.[citation needed]

 

Among other surviving relics is his hair shirt, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.[41] This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at Abbotskerswell Priory, Devon. It is now preserved at Syon Abbey, near South Brent.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More

A few years ago, early on Saturday morning, I tried to enter St Dunstan's, with no luck. It was locked fast.

 

Which was a shame, as it looked a very interesting church from the outside, and with its location, just outside the city gate on the crossing of two main roads.

 

Anyway, I logged this away in my meory banks, detirmed to go back one day. And for a change this Heritage Weekend, we returned to Canterbury not once, but twice. And on the second day was rewarded with entry to three of the city churches.

 

St Dunstan is most famous for being the final resting place of Sir Thomas More's head, in the family tomb of his wife. There is fine glass commemorating this.

 

Some minor work is being carried out at the rear of the church, so a return will be needed to see the full restored church.

 

------------------------------------------------------

 

Dedicated to a former Archbishop of Canterbury, St Dunstan's stands outside the city walls. There is structural evidence of the Norman period, but most of the church is fourteenth century. The west tower dates from this time and is very oddly proportioned - about twice the height that its width can really cope with. The south chapel is constructed of brick and was completed in the early sixteenth century. It contains monuments to the More family and is the burial place of St. Thomas More's head, - brought here by his daughter after his execution. The family home stood opposite the church where its brick gateway may still be seen. There are two twentieth-century windows of note in the chapel, by Lawrence Lee and John Hayward.

  

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Canterbury+2

 

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St. Dunstan's is an Anglican church in Canterbury, Kent, at the junction of London Road and Whitstable Road. It is dedicated to St. Dunstan (909-988) and gives its name to the part of the city on the left bank of the River Stour. The parish has been held in plurality with others nearby at different times, in a way that is confusing and difficult to document. In 2010 the parish was joined with the parishes of the City Centre Parish in a new pastoral grouping, City Centre with St. Dunstan.

 

The church dates from the 11th century and is a grade I listed building. It was restored in 1878-80 by church architect Ewan Christian. Its association with the deaths of Thomas Becket and Thomas More make it a place of pilgrimage.

 

Dunstan was Archbishop of Canterbury from 960 to 978 and was canonised soon after his death, becoming the favourite saint of the English until he was supplanted by Thomas Becket.[2] He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral but his tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

 

In 1174, when Henry II began his penitential pilgrimage in reparation for the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket, he changed his clothing into sackcloth at St. Dunstan’s Church and began his pilgrimage from here to Thomas Becket's tomb at Canterbury Cathedral on foot.

 

His daughter Margaret secured the release of Thomas More's head from its spike on London Bridge and brought it back to the family tomb of her husband William Roper.[4] The Roper family lived nearby off what is now St Dunstan's Street. What remains of their home is called Roper Gate, marked with a commemorative plaque, it is all that survives of Place House. The Roper family vault is located underneath the Nicholas Chapel, to the right of the church's main altar. It was sealed in recent years, according to Anglican tradition. A large stone slab marks its location to the immediate left of the chapel's altar. Three impressive stained glass windows line the chapel, the one behind the altar depicts in brilliant detail the major events and symbols in the life of the Saint. Another of the windows commemorates the visit of Pope John Paul II to Canterbury to pray with the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. The window displays the arms of the Archbishop's diocese and the Pope. Plaques mounted on the walls explain the veracity of the relic of the Saint's head, the sealing of the vault which contains it, and the life of the Saint, including a prayer he wrote.

  

St Dunstan’s has six bells, hung for change ringing in the English style, the heaviest weighing 13cwt (approx. 675 kg). Due to the unusual narrowness of the belfry, the bells are hung in a two-tier frame.

 

The fifth bell of the ring is one of the oldest Christian church bells in the world, believed to have been cast in 1325 by William le Belyetere, making it nearly 690 years old as of 2014 [5]

 

The bells were removed from the tower in 1935 so that a concrete structural beam could be fitted to the tower. At this time the bells were retuned by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, and rehung in the present frame in 1936.

 

The bells are rung on Friday evenings for practice, and Sunday mornings for the service, by the St Dunstan’s Society of Change Ringers.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury

 

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ir Thomas More (/ˈmɔːr/; 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More,[1][2] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.[3]

 

More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. He also wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation. More opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and beheaded. Ahead of his execution, he was reported saying his famous words: "I die the King's good servant, but God's first."

 

Pope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the "heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians."[4] Since 1980, the Church of England has remembered More liturgically as a Reformation martyr.[5] The Soviet Union honoured him for the 'Communistic' attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia.

 

Born in Milk Street in London, on February 7, 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[9] a successful lawyer and later judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's finest schools.[10] From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[11]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (now called the Renaissance), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary's Hall or Canterbury College, both now gone).[12]:38

 

More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[11]:xvii[13] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.

 

According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[14][15] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[11]:xxi

 

In spite of his choice to pursue a secular career, More continued ascetical practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[11]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.

 

More married Jane Colt in 1505.[12]:118 She was 5 years younger than her husband, quiet and good-natured.[12]:119 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[12]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[12]:132

 

Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[17] He certainly expected a mother to take care of his little children and, as the view of his time considered marriage as an "economic union",[18] he chose a rich widow, Alice Harpur Middleton.[19] More is regarded not getting remarried for sexual pleasure, since Alice is much older than himself, and their marriage possibly had not been consummated.[18] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation of the banns, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[17] Alice More lacked Jane's docility; More's friend Andrew Ammonius derided Alice as a "hook-nosed harpy."[20] Erasmus, however, called their marriage happy.[12]:144

 

More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[12]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.[12]:150[21]:xiv

 

More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, a highly unusual attitude at the time.[12]:146–47 His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.[12]:147 More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishment in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written:

 

When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly … he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms … for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] … to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.[21]:152

 

More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.[12]:149

 

A portrait of More and his family was painted by Holbein, but it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, two versions of which survive.

 

In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 began representing London.[22]

 

From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. More became Master of Requests in 1514,[23] the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.[24] After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York, to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.[24]

 

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

 

In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker.[24] In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.

 

More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, polemics, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."[25]

 

His early actions against the Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants, especially publishers, and arresting anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or selling the books of the Protestant Reformation. More vigorously suppressed the travelling country ministers who used Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament.[citation needed] It contained controversial translations of certain words; for example, Tyndale used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek "presbyteros", and some of the marginal glosses challenged Catholic doctrine.[26] It was during this time that most of his literary polemics appeared.

 

Rumours circulated during and after More's lifetime regarding ill-treatment of heretics during his time as Lord Chancellor. The popular anti-Catholic polemicist John Foxe, who "placed Protestant sufferings against the background of... the Antichrist",[27] was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his famous Book of Martyrs, claiming that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.[28] More himself denied these allegations:

 

Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge' – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'so helpe me God.'[12]:298

 

However, More writes in his "Apology" (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two heretics: a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting prayers.[29]:404 During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy; they were Thomas Hitton, Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbery, Thomas Dusgate, and James Bainham.[12]:299–306 Moynahan has argued that More was influential in the burning of Tyndale, as More's agents had long pursued him, even though this took place over a year after his own death.[30] Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy; about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.[31] His biographer Peter Ackroyd notes that More explicitly "approved of Burning".[12]:298

 

John Tewkesbury was a London leather seller found guilty by Bishop of London John Stokesley[32] of harbouring banned books; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant. More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."[33]

 

Modern commentators are divided over More's religious actions as Chancellor. Some biographers, including Ackroyd, have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time. Others have been more critical, such as Richard Marius, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for Protestants.[29]:386–406

 

Some Protestants take a different view. In 1980, More was added to the Church of England's calendar of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church, despite being a fierce opponent of the English Reformation that created the Church of England. He was added jointly with John Fisher, to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[5] Pope John Paul II honoured him by making him patron saint of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".

 

As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, Henry had isolated More by purging most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as "Supreme Head" of the Church in England. As a layperson, More did not need to take the oath and the clergy, after some initial resistance, took the oath with the addition of the clause "as far as the law of Christ allows." However, More saw he could not render the support Henry expected from his Lord Chancellor for the policy the King was developing to support the annulment of his marriage with Catherine. In 1532 he petitioned the King to relieve him of his office, alleging failing health. Henry granted his request.

 

In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.[34] Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him.

 

Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused of conspiring with the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied against the king's annulment, but More was able to produce a letter in which he had instructed Barton not to interfere with state matters.[citation needed]

 

On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. More accepted Parliament's right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England, but, holding fast to the teaching of papal supremacy, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More furthermore publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads:[35]

 

...By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...

 

With his refusal to support the King's annulment, More's enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the Tower of London. There More prepared a devotional Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse.

 

On 1 July 1535, More was tried before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. He was charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy and was tried under the following section of the Treasons Act 1534:

 

If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates …

 

That then every such person and persons so offending … shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.[36]

 

More, relying on legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" (literally, who (is) silent is seen to consent), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.

 

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth the Solicitor General, Richard Rich, to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation, and as More himself pointed out:

 

Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.

 

The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.

 

After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality". He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation. The execution took place on 6 July 1535. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, he is widely quoted as saying (to the officials): "I pray you, I pray you, Mr Lieutenant, see me safe up and for my coming down, I can shift for myself"; while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, but God's first."

 

Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.[39] More asked that his foster/adopted daughter Margaret Clement (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.[40] She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in an unmarked grave. His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. His daughter Margaret (Meg) Roper rescued it, possibly by bribery, before it could be thrown in the River Thames.[citation needed]

 

The skull is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, though some researchers[who?] have claimed it might be within the tomb he erected for More in Chelsea Old Church (see below). The evidence,[clarification needed] however, seems to be in favour of its placement in St Dunstan's, with the remains of his daughter, Margaret Roper, and her husband's family, whose vault it was.[citation needed]

 

Among other surviving relics is his hair shirt, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.[41] This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at Abbotskerswell Priory, Devon. It is now preserved at Syon Abbey, near South Brent.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More

Frank De Winne, manager of the International Space Station Program for ESA (European Space Agency), speaks to members of the media after NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, arrived at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

From left to right, Bob Cabana, director, Kennedy Space Center, Steve Jurczyk, acting NASA Administrator, Frank De Winne, manager, International Space Station Program, ESA (European Space Agency), and Junichi Sakai, manager, International Space Station Program, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), greet ESA astronaut Thomas Pesquet, JAXA astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, and NASA astronauts Megan McArthur and Shane Kimbrough, after they arrived at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The airplane carrying NASA astronauts Shane Kimbrough and Megan McArthur, ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Thomas Pesquet, and Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Akihiko Hoshide, arrives at the Launch and Landing Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center ahead of SpaceX’s Crew-2 mission, Friday, April 16, 2021, in Florida. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-2 mission is the second operational mission of the SpaceX Crew Dragon spacecraft and Falcon 9 rocket to the International Space Station as part of the agency’s Commercial Crew Program. Kimbrough, McArthur, Pesquet, and Hoshide are scheduled to launch at 6:11 a.m. ET on Thursday, April 22, from Launch Complex 39A at the Kennedy Space Center. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

'Onslaught' sunbathes at Bury after arrival with the 13.22 from Ramsbottom - any chromatic or BR Blue paint going spare????

AVI_?? (#13) [? points]

Camouflage job well done but still found by us. This one was hidden away on internet but we were fortunate to find this one as well. Located on the corner of the Rue des Teinturiers and Rue Bon Martinet. One of the best examples of this "Camo Invasion" project in my opinion.

Other view:

AVI_?? (#13) (street view)

Date of invasion: Summer 2000

 

INVASION OF AVIGNON | THE CAMO INVASION

The reason that Invader has chosen to camoflate his art work in space invaders was for tactical reasons. He was invited to participate in a big art festival in Avignon (“La Beauté”, Summer 2000) for which he wanted to invade the city and to make a map of the invasion. But a few weeks before Invader wanted to start he received a phone call from the festival organization asking him to change his plans because Avignon was a very old city with a lot of listed historical buildings that Invader was not allowed to invade.

Invader’s idea was to invade it anyway but to turn it into a special camo invasion. This basis were that that the Space Invaders were made with the same color as the walls. (Invader 2001 from an interview)

 

Score Table: Invasion Wave: 01, Invaders: 41, Points: 0660

 

As I don’t know the identity numbers Invader was using I chose to number them in the order I found them. These are listed in brackets above with the hashtag. Photos are taken on the 31/05, 01/06 or on 05/06 when we revisited Avignon during the day. In total I found 22 from the 41 (53 %).

 

One of the reasons why this highway is so popular for travelers is views like this. That's why it's important we maintain the slope above it to reduce the opportunity for that material to fall onto SR 7. Our inspector on the project shared this beautiful sunset photo from Monday night.

Project information is available here: www.wsdot.wa.gov/projects/sr7/alder-rock/home

The last time I was at Stockport Bus Station was probably on layover on a 22 from Bolton. To mark its closure after some 40 years, the SPS took Daimler Fleetline Mancunian 2130 NNB589H for static display and a few runpasts.

Here is a selection of shots taken enroute, around the Bus Station and Mersey Square.

Many thanks to TfGM for permission to do so.

She raised many smiles, waves, and honks from Stagecoach drivers on the 192s etc and a fair reaction from the public too.

Arriva Personenvervoer Nederland BV Stadler GTW2/8 DMU 325 stands at Eemshaven, while working route RS4. It had arrived as 13.22 from Groningen, and would depart back at 14.18. The turnround time here was booked to be five minutes, although I think it arrived early - but it was still a quick dash off the station to get a record shot from the sunny side.

 

These DMUs were first built in 2006, initially with two passenger sections plus the short "power pack" and numbered upwards from 201. Longer units were subsequently built (three passenger sections plus the "power pack"), numbered in the 3xx series, but with the last two digits following on from those in the 2xx series; in addition, some of the 2xx units were lengthened and were renumbered 3xx by changing just the first digit of the set number. Arriva originally branded them "Spurt".

 

Each section was labelled using the unit number prefixed 10 and followed by a letter, the driving sections being A and B, the "power pack" being C, and the middle passenger section (if applicable) being D. So this train was made up of sections labelled (in order, from this end) 10325B, 10325C, 10325D and 10325A. More recently, European Vehicle Numbers have also been applied, all taking the form 95 84 501x yyy-z NL-AN, where x is a digit giving the vehicle type (1 for the "A" driving section, 2 for the "B" driving section, 0 for the "C" section / "power pack", and 5 for the "D" / middle passenger section), yyy is the three-digit set number (325 in this example), and z is the check digit.

 

Eemshaven station opened on 28th March 2018, when passenger services were extended beyond the line's previous passenger limit of Roodeschool, the single-platform being at the end of a new 3km single-track line which branches off the freight line into the docks (although the passenger line actually continues straight ahead, with the freight line curving off). The station is situated close to the terminal for the ferry to the German island of Borkum, and for several years trains only ran to connect with the ferries - and that was the case at the time of this visit.

 

I was travelling from Hamburg to Rotterdam, on my way home after the IBSE charter trains the previous weekend. Today was Tuesday, and I'd spent Monday morning travelling from Neumünster to my hotel in the Harburg district of Hamburg (albeit not directly, as you'd expect!), before heading off to the 1.9km long 600mm gauge Kleinbahn Deinste where a private charter had been organised for a small group on a cost-sharing basis for late in the afternoon (see this photo, this photo and this photo).

 

On Tuesday morning (1st August so the day I'd have to renew my 49 Euro Deutschland Ticket - but I didn't bother) I used a DB Super Sparpreis EU advanced purchase ticket to leave Germany, which I'd booked from Hamburg-Harburg to Rotterdam for EUR27.90. This was via the Leer (Ostfriesland) to Groningen cross-border route, closed since December 2015 when a ship collided with and destroyed the lifting span of the bridge over the River Ems (a new bridge is due to open in summer 2025). However, there were replacement buses, with coaches running non-stop between Leer and Groningen and local buses between Leer and the first station west of the Ems bridge, Weener (which is still in Germany), and rail tickets were valid on both.

 

My original plan for today was to head directly to Rotterdam (where I was staying two nights), but then I realised I'd not been to Eemshaven (nor even as far as Roodeschool). Since the branch is in the far north-east of the Netherlands, as far from Rotterdam as you can go, I realised it would be very sensible to do the branch - the last I thought I required in this area (although I've since realised I've not done the short branch to Veendam) - while I was passing; the times worked well. Unfortunately, the journey didn't: having found the bus stop at Leer (with a little difficulty - the route numbers on the stop didn't match that in the journey planner), the coach eventually arrived (slightly late), and everyone surged forward and tried to board. By the time I'd put my case in the luggage hold and boarded the bus, the last seat had just been taken. The driver refused to let anyone stay on board who didn't have a proper seat, so I had to remove my case and was one of a significant number who were left behind. He did tell us to get on the bus behind, which was the local bus to Weener, but I think I might have been the only one to do so.

 

There was plenty of time at Weener before the Dutch Arriva DMU arrived. Although I had a valid ticket to get me all the way to Rotterdam, I did not have one to go to Eemshaven, and I'd decided to buy another Off-Peak Holland Travel (day) Ticket, which would also allow me to take a less direct route across to Rotterdam as well as get me to my hotel once I got there. I tried to buy one from the ticket machine at Weener, but I'd not realised the Arriva machines at each station were only for topping up smartcards and I assumed the DB one wouldn't sell me a Dutch ticket - so I failed to get a ticket, and would have to do it at Groningen. Unfortunately, when I checked train times, I realised I now had a fairly tight connection onto the last of a series of Eemshaven trains for a few hours (my intended train had been the one half an hour earlier, which had a connection off the coach of approaching half an hour)... and that was made worse when the train I was on lost a few minutes waiting to pass the next train coming the other way (which was a few minutes late).

 

At Groningen, I realised only the NS ticket machines would sell me a ticket (rather than top up a smartcard), and they were located at the station entrance. Having arrived in a bay platform at the east end of the station, which was a building site, the Eemshaven train was departing from a bay at the west end - and I made it onto the train with only a minute to spare (I walked through to the front and had just sat down when the doors closed and we set off).

 

Eemshaven was the sixth port station I'd visited during this trip: Harwich International (formerly Parkeston Quay) in the UK, Hoek van Holland and Harlingen Haven (see this photo) in the Netherlands, Norddeich Mole and Emden-Außenhafen in Germany, and then here. In addition, the IBSE tour had visited various non-passenger port branches in Kiel.

 

Visit Brian Carter's Non-Transport Pics to see my photos of landscapes, buildings, bridges, sunsets, rainbows and more.

Framed by the modern blocks of flats located on the opposite side of the River Wandle where the River Wandle flows directly into the River Thames, Londoner Buses' ex-London General RML 2290 enjoys a bit of rest and recuperation parked up in the Londoner Buses yard at the Chartwell Business Park in Wandsworth in company with London Bus 4 Hire's former Blackpool Transport and Reading Mainline Leyland-engined RM 1357 (affectionately named 'Marina') on the left of the photo, with RM 1357 being on temporary loan to Londoner Buses for use on Heritage Service A during the early part of 2023. To think that up until July 2005 RML 2290 was based just a mile or so west from this spot at London General's Putney (AF) bus garage where it operated in service on the former crew-operated routes 14 and 22 from the bus garage premises in Chelverton Road.

3

My submission shows an opened volume of the collection of German fairy tales books that the Brothers Grimm collected in the 19th century. The left page opening shows Hansel and Gretel, the right Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. In the front on the right we can see the pair of brothers. Throughout the model various other fairy tales are referenced such as Sleeping Beauty, Red Riding Hood, The Seven Ravens or The Frog Prince.

 

Made by Markus Rollbühler (22) from Germany

(Imperium der Steine)

Neal McIntyre, director of interments, Arlington National Cemetery, offers condolences following military funeral honors with funeral escort for U.S. Marine Corps Cpl. Thomas Cooper in Section 57 of Arlington National Cemetery, Arlington, Va., March 10, 2022. Cooper was killed during World War II at age 22.

 

From the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA) press release:

 

In November 1943, Cooper was a member of Company A, 2nd Amphibious Tractor Battalion, 2nd Marine Division, Fleet Marine Force, which landed against stiff Japanese resistance on the small island of Betio in the Tarawa Atoll of the Gilbert Islands, in an attempt to secure the island. Over several days of intense fighting at Tarawa, approximately 1,000 Marines and Sailors were killed and more than 2,000 were wounded, while the Japanese were virtually annihilated. Cooper died on the first day of the battle, Nov. 20, 1943. He was reportedly buried on Betio Island.

 

Despite the heavy casualties suffered by U.S. forces, military success in the battle of Tarawa was a huge victory for the U.S. military because the Gilbert Islands provided the U.S. Pacific Fleet a platform from which to launch assaults on the Marshall and Caroline Islands to advance their Central Pacific Campaign against Japan.

 

In the immediate aftermath of the fighting on Tarawa, U.S. service members who died in the battle were buried in a number of battlefield cemeteries on the island. The 604th Quartermaster Graves Registration Company conducted remains recovery operations on Betio between 1946 and 1947, but Cooper’s remains were not identified. All of the remains found on Tarawa were sent to the Schofield Barracks Central Identification Laboratory for identification in 1947.

 

In March 1980, the Central Identification Laboratory, a predecessor to DPAA, sent officials to Betio Island to receive skeletal remains that had been recovered during a construction project. Of the three sets recovered, two were identified. The third was declared unidentifiable and was subsequently buried in the National Memorial Cemetery of the Pacific, known as the Punchbowl, in Honolulu.

 

In 2016, DPAA disinterred the remains of 94 Tarawa Unknowns from the NMCP for identification. The remains were consolidated and sent to the laboratory for analysis.

 

To identify Cooper’s remains, scientists from DPAA used dental and anthropological analysis. Additionally, scientists from the Armed Forces Medical Examiner System used mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and Y-chromosome DNA (Y-STR) analysis.

 

Cooper was officially accounted for on Aug. 9, 2019. His daughter, Virginia Frogel, received the flag from his service.

 

(U.S. Army photo by Elizabeth Fraser / Arlington National Cemetery / released)

  

A few years ago, early on Saturday morning, I tried to enter St Dunstan's, with no luck. It was locked fast.

 

Which was a shame, as it looked a very interesting church from the outside, and with its location, just outside the city gate on the crossing of two main roads.

 

Anyway, I logged this away in my meory banks, detirmed to go back one day. And for a change this Heritage Weekend, we returned to Canterbury not once, but twice. And on the second day was rewarded with entry to three of the city churches.

 

St Dunstan is most famous for being the final resting place of Sir Thomas More's head, in the family tomb of his wife. There is fine glass commemorating this.

 

Some minor work is being carried out at the rear of the church, so a return will be needed to see the full restored church.

 

------------------------------------------------------

 

Dedicated to a former Archbishop of Canterbury, St Dunstan's stands outside the city walls. There is structural evidence of the Norman period, but most of the church is fourteenth century. The west tower dates from this time and is very oddly proportioned - about twice the height that its width can really cope with. The south chapel is constructed of brick and was completed in the early sixteenth century. It contains monuments to the More family and is the burial place of St. Thomas More's head, - brought here by his daughter after his execution. The family home stood opposite the church where its brick gateway may still be seen. There are two twentieth-century windows of note in the chapel, by Lawrence Lee and John Hayward.

  

www.kentchurches.info/church.asp?p=Canterbury+2

 

-------------------------------------------------

 

St. Dunstan's is an Anglican church in Canterbury, Kent, at the junction of London Road and Whitstable Road. It is dedicated to St. Dunstan (909-988) and gives its name to the part of the city on the left bank of the River Stour. The parish has been held in plurality with others nearby at different times, in a way that is confusing and difficult to document. In 2010 the parish was joined with the parishes of the City Centre Parish in a new pastoral grouping, City Centre with St. Dunstan.

 

The church dates from the 11th century and is a grade I listed building. It was restored in 1878-80 by church architect Ewan Christian. Its association with the deaths of Thomas Becket and Thomas More make it a place of pilgrimage.

 

Dunstan was Archbishop of Canterbury from 960 to 978 and was canonised soon after his death, becoming the favourite saint of the English until he was supplanted by Thomas Becket.[2] He was buried in Canterbury Cathedral but his tomb was destroyed during the Reformation.

 

In 1174, when Henry II began his penitential pilgrimage in reparation for the murder of Archbishop Thomas Becket, he changed his clothing into sackcloth at St. Dunstan’s Church and began his pilgrimage from here to Thomas Becket's tomb at Canterbury Cathedral on foot.

 

His daughter Margaret secured the release of Thomas More's head from its spike on London Bridge and brought it back to the family tomb of her husband William Roper.[4] The Roper family lived nearby off what is now St Dunstan's Street. What remains of their home is called Roper Gate, marked with a commemorative plaque, it is all that survives of Place House. The Roper family vault is located underneath the Nicholas Chapel, to the right of the church's main altar. It was sealed in recent years, according to Anglican tradition. A large stone slab marks its location to the immediate left of the chapel's altar. Three impressive stained glass windows line the chapel, the one behind the altar depicts in brilliant detail the major events and symbols in the life of the Saint. Another of the windows commemorates the visit of Pope John Paul II to Canterbury to pray with the Anglican Archbishop of Canterbury at the site of the martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket in Canterbury Cathedral. The window displays the arms of the Archbishop's diocese and the Pope. Plaques mounted on the walls explain the veracity of the relic of the Saint's head, the sealing of the vault which contains it, and the life of the Saint, including a prayer he wrote.

  

St Dunstan’s has six bells, hung for change ringing in the English style, the heaviest weighing 13cwt (approx. 675 kg). Due to the unusual narrowness of the belfry, the bells are hung in a two-tier frame.

 

The fifth bell of the ring is one of the oldest Christian church bells in the world, believed to have been cast in 1325 by William le Belyetere, making it nearly 690 years old as of 2014 [5]

 

The bells were removed from the tower in 1935 so that a concrete structural beam could be fitted to the tower. At this time the bells were retuned by the Whitechapel Bell Foundry, and rehung in the present frame in 1936.

 

The bells are rung on Friday evenings for practice, and Sunday mornings for the service, by the St Dunstan’s Society of Change Ringers.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Dunstan%27s,_Canterbury

 

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ir Thomas More (/ˈmɔːr/; 7 February 1478 – 6 July 1535), venerated by Roman Catholics as Saint Thomas More,[1][2] was an English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. He was also a councillor to Henry VIII, and Lord High Chancellor of England from October 1529 to 16 May 1532.[3]

 

More opposed the Protestant Reformation, in particular the theology of Martin Luther and William Tyndale. He also wrote Utopia, published in 1516, about the political system of an imaginary ideal island nation. More opposed the King's separation from the Catholic Church, refusing to acknowledge Henry as Supreme Head of the Church of England and the annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon. After refusing to take the Oath of Supremacy, he was convicted of treason and beheaded. Ahead of his execution, he was reported saying his famous words: "I die the King's good servant, but God's first."

 

Pope Pius XI canonised More in 1935 as a martyr. Pope John Paul II in 2000 declared him the "heavenly Patron of Statesmen and Politicians."[4] Since 1980, the Church of England has remembered More liturgically as a Reformation martyr.[5] The Soviet Union honoured him for the 'Communistic' attitude toward property rights expressed in Utopia.

 

Born in Milk Street in London, on February 7, 1478, Thomas More was the son of Sir John More,[9] a successful lawyer and later judge, and his wife Agnes (née Graunger). More was educated at St Anthony's School, then considered one of London's finest schools.[10] From 1490 to 1492, More served John Morton, the Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Chancellor of England, as a household page.[11]:xvi Morton enthusiastically supported the "New Learning" (now called the Renaissance), and thought highly of the young More. Believing that More had great potential, Morton nominated him for a place at the University of Oxford (either in St. Mary's Hall or Canterbury College, both now gone).[12]:38

 

More began his studies at Oxford in 1492, and received a classical education. Studying under Thomas Linacre and William Grocyn, he became proficient in both Latin and Greek. More left Oxford after only two years—at his father's insistence—to begin legal training in London at New Inn, one of the Inns of Chancery.[11]:xvii[13] In 1496, More became a student at Lincoln's Inn, one of the Inns of Court, where he remained until 1502, when he was called to the Bar.

 

According to his friend, theologian Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam, More once seriously contemplated abandoning his legal career to become a monk.[14][15] Between 1503 and 1504 More lived near the Carthusian monastery outside the walls of London and joined in the monks' spiritual exercises. Although he deeply admired their piety, More ultimately decided to remain a layman, standing for election to Parliament in 1504 and marrying the following year.[11]:xxi

 

In spite of his choice to pursue a secular career, More continued ascetical practices for the rest of his life, such as wearing a hair shirt next to his skin and occasionally engaging in flagellation.[11]:xxi A tradition of the Third Order of Saint Francis honours More as a member of that Order on their calendar of saints.

 

More married Jane Colt in 1505.[12]:118 She was 5 years younger than her husband, quiet and good-natured.[12]:119 Erasmus reported that More wanted to give his young wife a better education than she had previously received at home, and tutored her in music and literature.[12]:119 The couple had four children before Jane died in 1511: Margaret, Elizabeth, Cicely, and John.[12]:132

 

Going "against friends' advice and common custom," within thirty days More had married one of the many eligible women among his wide circle of friends.[17] He certainly expected a mother to take care of his little children and, as the view of his time considered marriage as an "economic union",[18] he chose a rich widow, Alice Harpur Middleton.[19] More is regarded not getting remarried for sexual pleasure, since Alice is much older than himself, and their marriage possibly had not been consummated.[18] The speed of the marriage was so unusual that More had to get a dispensation of the banns, which, due to his good public reputation, he easily obtained.[17] Alice More lacked Jane's docility; More's friend Andrew Ammonius derided Alice as a "hook-nosed harpy."[20] Erasmus, however, called their marriage happy.[12]:144

 

More had no children from his second marriage, although he raised Alice's daughter from her previous marriage as his own. More also became the guardian of two young girls: Anne Cresacre would eventually marry his son, John More;[12]:146 and Margaret Giggs (later Clement) would be the only member of his family to witness his execution (she died on the 35th anniversary of that execution, and her daughter married More's nephew William Rastell). An affectionate father, More wrote letters to his children whenever he was away on legal or government business, and encouraged them to write to him often.[12]:150[21]:xiv

 

More insisted upon giving his daughters the same classical education as his son, a highly unusual attitude at the time.[12]:146–47 His eldest daughter, Margaret, attracted much admiration for her erudition, especially her fluency in Greek and Latin.[12]:147 More told his daughter of his pride in her academic accomplishment in September 1522, after he showed the bishop a letter she had written:

 

When he saw from the signature that it was the letter of a lady, his surprise led him to read it more eagerly … he said he would never have believed it to be your work unless I had assured him of the fact, and he began to praise it in the highest terms … for its pure Latinity, its correctness, its erudition, and its expressions of tender affection. He took out at once from his pocket a portague [A Portuguese gold coin] … to send to you as a pledge and token of his good will towards you.[21]:152

 

More's decision to educate his daughters set an example for other noble families. Even Erasmus became much more favourable once he witnessed their accomplishments.[12]:149

 

A portrait of More and his family was painted by Holbein, but it was lost in a fire in the 18th century. More's grandson commissioned a copy, two versions of which survive.

 

In 1504 More was elected to Parliament to represent Great Yarmouth, and in 1510 began representing London.[22]

 

From 1510, More served as one of the two undersheriffs of the City of London, a position of considerable responsibility in which he earned a reputation as an honest and effective public servant. More became Master of Requests in 1514,[23] the same year in which he was appointed as a Privy Counsellor.[24] After undertaking a diplomatic mission to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, accompanying Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York, to Calais and Bruges, More was knighted and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer in 1521.[24]

 

As secretary and personal adviser to King Henry VIII, More became increasingly influential: welcoming foreign diplomats, drafting official documents, and serving as a liaison between the King and Lord Chancellor Wolsey. More later served as High Steward for the universities of Oxford and Cambridge.

 

In 1523 More was elected as knight of the shire (MP) for Middlesex and, on Wolsey's recommendation, the House of Commons elected More its Speaker.[24] In 1525 More became Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, with executive and judicial responsibilities over much of northern England.

 

More supported the Catholic Church and saw the Protestant Reformation as heresy, a threat to the unity of both church and society. More believed in the theology, polemics, and ecclesiastical laws of the church, and "heard Luther's call to destroy the Catholic Church as a call to war."[25]

 

His early actions against the Reformation included aiding Wolsey in preventing Lutheran books from being imported into England, spying on and investigating suspected Protestants, especially publishers, and arresting anyone holding in his possession, transporting, or selling the books of the Protestant Reformation. More vigorously suppressed the travelling country ministers who used Tyndale's English translation of the New Testament.[citation needed] It contained controversial translations of certain words; for example, Tyndale used "senior" and "elder" rather than "priest" for the Greek "presbyteros", and some of the marginal glosses challenged Catholic doctrine.[26] It was during this time that most of his literary polemics appeared.

 

Rumours circulated during and after More's lifetime regarding ill-treatment of heretics during his time as Lord Chancellor. The popular anti-Catholic polemicist John Foxe, who "placed Protestant sufferings against the background of... the Antichrist",[27] was instrumental in publicising accusations of torture in his famous Book of Martyrs, claiming that More had often personally used violence or torture while interrogating heretics. Later authors such as Brian Moynahan and Michael Farris cite Foxe when repeating these allegations.[28] More himself denied these allegations:

 

Stories of a similar nature were current even in More's lifetime and he denied them forcefully. He admitted that he did imprison heretics in his house – 'theyr sure kepynge' – he called it – but he utterly rejected claims of torture and whipping... 'so helpe me God.'[12]:298

 

However, More writes in his "Apology" (1533) that he only applied corporal punishment to two heretics: a child who was caned in front of his family for heresy regarding the Eucharist, and a "feeble-minded" man who was whipped for disrupting prayers.[29]:404 During More's chancellorship, six people were burned at the stake for heresy; they were Thomas Hitton, Thomas Bilney, Richard Bayfield, John Tewkesbery, Thomas Dusgate, and James Bainham.[12]:299–306 Moynahan has argued that More was influential in the burning of Tyndale, as More's agents had long pursued him, even though this took place over a year after his own death.[30] Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy; about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.[31] His biographer Peter Ackroyd notes that More explicitly "approved of Burning".[12]:298

 

John Tewkesbury was a London leather seller found guilty by Bishop of London John Stokesley[32] of harbouring banned books; he was sentenced to burning for refusing to recant. More declared: he "burned as there was neuer wretche I wene better worthy."[33]

 

Modern commentators are divided over More's religious actions as Chancellor. Some biographers, including Ackroyd, have taken a relatively tolerant view of More's campaign against Protestantism by placing his actions within the turbulent religious climate of the time. Others have been more critical, such as Richard Marius, an American scholar of the Reformation, believing that persecutions were a betrayal of More's earlier humanist convictions, including More's zealous and well-documented advocacy of extermination for Protestants.[29]:386–406

 

Some Protestants take a different view. In 1980, More was added to the Church of England's calendar of Saints and Heroes of the Christian Church, despite being a fierce opponent of the English Reformation that created the Church of England. He was added jointly with John Fisher, to be commemorated every 6 July (the date of More's execution) as "Thomas More, Scholar, and John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, Reformation Martyrs, 1535".[5] Pope John Paul II honoured him by making him patron saint of statesmen and politicians in October 2000, stating: "It can be said that he demonstrated in a singular way the value of a moral conscience... even if, in his actions against heretics, he reflected the limits of the culture of his time".

 

As the conflict over supremacy between the Papacy and the King reached its apogee, More continued to remain steadfast in supporting the supremacy of the Pope as Successor of Peter over that of the King of England. In 1530, More refused to sign a letter by the leading English churchmen and aristocrats asking Pope Clement VII to annul Henry's marriage to Catherine of Aragon, and also quarrelled with Henry VIII over the heresy laws. In 1531, Henry had isolated More by purging most clergy who supported the papal stance from senior positions in the church. Parliament's reinstatement of the charge of praemunire in 1529 had made it a crime to support in public or office the claim of any authority outside the realm (such as the Papacy) to have a legal jurisdiction superior to the King's. In 1531, a royal decree required the clergy to take an oath acknowledging the King as "Supreme Head" of the Church in England. As a layperson, More did not need to take the oath and the clergy, after some initial resistance, took the oath with the addition of the clause "as far as the law of Christ allows." However, More saw he could not render the support Henry expected from his Lord Chancellor for the policy the King was developing to support the annulment of his marriage with Catherine. In 1532 he petitioned the King to relieve him of his office, alleging failing health. Henry granted his request.

 

In 1533, More refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn as the Queen of England. Technically, this was not an act of treason, as More had written to Henry acknowledging Anne's queenship and expressing his desire for the King's happiness and the new Queen's health.[34] Despite this, his refusal to attend was widely interpreted as a snub against Anne, and Henry took action against him.

 

Shortly thereafter, More was charged with accepting bribes, but the charges had to be dismissed for lack of any evidence. In early 1534, More was accused of conspiring with the "Holy Maid of Kent," Elizabeth Barton, a nun who had prophesied against the king's annulment, but More was able to produce a letter in which he had instructed Barton not to interfere with state matters.[citation needed]

 

On 13 April 1534, More was asked to appear before a commission and swear his allegiance to the parliamentary Act of Succession. More accepted Parliament's right to declare Anne Boleyn the legitimate Queen of England, but, holding fast to the teaching of papal supremacy, he steadfastly refused to take the oath of supremacy of the Crown in the relationship between the kingdom and the church in England. More furthermore publicly refused to uphold Henry's annulment from Catherine. John Fisher, Bishop of Rochester, refused the oath along with More. The oath reads:[35]

 

...By reason whereof the Bishop of Rome and See Apostolic, contrary to the great and inviolable grants of jurisdictions given by God immediately to emperors, kings and princes in succession to their heirs, hath presumed in times past to invest who should please them to inherit in other men's kingdoms and dominions, which thing we your most humble subjects, both spiritual and temporal, do most abhor and detest...

 

With his refusal to support the King's annulment, More's enemies had enough evidence to have the King arrest him on treason. Four days later, Henry had More imprisoned in the Tower of London. There More prepared a devotional Dialogue of Comfort against Tribulation. While More was imprisoned in the Tower, Thomas Cromwell made several visits, urging More to take the oath, which he continued to refuse.

 

On 1 July 1535, More was tried before a panel of judges that included the new Lord Chancellor, Sir Thomas Audley, as well as Anne Boleyn's father, brother, and uncle. He was charged with high treason for denying the validity of the Act of Supremacy and was tried under the following section of the Treasons Act 1534:

 

If any person or persons, after the first day of February next coming, do maliciously wish, will or desire, by words or writing, or by craft imagine, invent, practise, or attempt any bodily harm to be done or committed to the king's most royal person, the queen's, or their heirs apparent, or to deprive them or any of them of their dignity, title, or name of their royal estates …

 

That then every such person and persons so offending … shall have and suffer such pains of death and other penalties, as is limited and accustomed in cases of high treason.[36]

 

More, relying on legal precedent and the maxim "qui tacet consentire videtur" (literally, who (is) silent is seen to consent), understood that he could not be convicted as long as he did not explicitly deny that the King was Supreme Head of the Church, and he therefore refused to answer all questions regarding his opinions on the subject.

 

Thomas Cromwell, at the time the most powerful of the King's advisors, brought forth the Solicitor General, Richard Rich, to testify that More had, in his presence, denied that the King was the legitimate head of the church. This testimony was characterised by More as being extremely dubious. Witnesses Richard Southwell and Mr. Palmer both denied having heard the details of the reported conversation, and as More himself pointed out:

 

Can it therefore seem likely to your Lordships, that I should in so weighty an Affair as this, act so unadvisedly, as to trust Mr. Rich, a Man I had always so mean an Opinion of, in reference to his Truth and Honesty, … that I should only impart to Mr. Rich the Secrets of my Conscience in respect to the King's Supremacy, the particular Secrets, and only Point about which I have been so long pressed to explain my self? which I never did, nor never would reveal; when the Act was once made, either to the King himself, or any of his Privy Councillors, as is well known to your Honours, who have been sent upon no other account at several times by his Majesty to me in the Tower. I refer it to your Judgments, my Lords, whether this can seem credible to any of your Lordships.

 

The jury took only fifteen minutes, however, to find More guilty.

 

After the jury's verdict was delivered and before his sentencing, More spoke freely of his belief that "no temporal man may be the head of the spirituality". He was sentenced to be hanged, drawn, and quartered (the usual punishment for traitors who were not the nobility), but the King commuted this to execution by decapitation. The execution took place on 6 July 1535. When he came to mount the steps to the scaffold, he is widely quoted as saying (to the officials): "I pray you, I pray you, Mr Lieutenant, see me safe up and for my coming down, I can shift for myself"; while on the scaffold he declared that he died "the king's good servant, but God's first."

 

Another comment he is believed to have made to the executioner is that his beard was completely innocent of any crime, and did not deserve the axe; he then positioned his beard so that it would not be harmed.[39] More asked that his foster/adopted daughter Margaret Clement (née Giggs) be given his headless corpse to bury.[40] She was the only member of his family to witness his execution. He was buried at the Tower of London, in the chapel of St Peter ad Vincula in an unmarked grave. His head was fixed upon a pike over London Bridge for a month, according to the normal custom for traitors. His daughter Margaret (Meg) Roper rescued it, possibly by bribery, before it could be thrown in the River Thames.[citation needed]

 

The skull is believed to rest in the Roper Vault of St Dunstan's Church, Canterbury, though some researchers[who?] have claimed it might be within the tomb he erected for More in Chelsea Old Church (see below). The evidence,[clarification needed] however, seems to be in favour of its placement in St Dunstan's, with the remains of his daughter, Margaret Roper, and her husband's family, whose vault it was.[citation needed]

 

Among other surviving relics is his hair shirt, presented for safe keeping by Margaret Clement.[41] This was long in the custody of the community of Augustinian canonesses who until 1983 lived at the convent at Abbotskerswell Priory, Devon. It is now preserved at Syon Abbey, near South Brent.

 

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_More

Smoke and Mirrors Lilith in Muses Look #22 from Owen Su's Dangerous Love Collection.

 

For some reason whenever Eden or Lilith is in front of my camera lens, I can't stop photographing them. There's just something about these two, thus the vast number of photos always posted when one is redressed.

And so the heavens opened.....but it somehow added to the pictures. Eastbourne Corporation AEC Regent III AHC 442 leans well as it comes around the roundabout at the bottom of Winchester High Street on route 22 from the park and ride area. For sheer variety of vehicles the annual Friends Of King Alfred Running Day on New Years Day is hard to beat.

s262662507.websitehome.co.uk/page41.html

Kirshna Labayna (BIOL, 4th year, age 22, from Santa Clarita, CA) studying for ecology as other students studying for finals show their emotions of how they feel about the week on Thursday, December 13, 2018 in Chico, Calif.

(Jason Halley/University Photographer/CSU Chico)

See what happens when you shoot from the hip, you shoot heads off, hehehe