大足石刻&Dazu Rock Carvings

大足地区的险峻山崖上保存着绝无仅有的系列石刻，时间跨度从9世纪到13世纪。这些石刻以其艺术品质极高、题材丰富多变而闻名遐迩，从世俗到宗教，鲜明地反映了中国这一时期的日常社会生活，并充分证明了这一时期佛教、道教和儒家思想的和谐相处局面。

 

1999年，中国申报的世界遗产只有一项获得批准，那就是世界文化遗产“大足石刻”。这也是我国的洞窟石刻类遗产在1987年莫高窟之后的第二次入选。

 

重庆市的大足石刻以其规模宏大、雕刻精美、题材多样、内涵丰富和保存完整而著称于世。它集中国佛教、道教、儒家“三教”造像艺术的精华，以鲜明的民族化和生活化特色，成为中国石窟艺术中一颗璀璨的明珠。它以大量的实物形象和文字史料，从不同侧面展示了9世纪末至13世纪中叶中国石刻艺术的风格和民间宗教信仰的发展变化，对中国石刻艺术的创新与发展做出了重要贡献，具有前代石窟不可替代的历史、艺术和科学价值。许多欧洲人、尤其是法国人，对大足石刻宠爱倍加。

 

大足石刻是大足县境内主要表现为摩崖造像的石窟艺术的总称。大足是石刻之乡，全县有40多处石刻，造像达5万多个。其中最著名、规模最大的有两处，一处叫宝顶山，一处叫北山。这两处都是全国重点文物保护单位，是我国晚唐以后石窟艺术的代表作。大足县是重庆市所辖郊县，始建于唐乾元元年（758年），以“大丰大足”而得名，是驰名中外的“石刻之乡”、“五金之乡”，全国首批甲级开放县，国家确定的长江三峡旅游县的起点，全国生态农业先进县，重庆市对外开放的重要窗口。大足县历史悠久，人文景观、旅游资源非常丰富。县境内石刻造像星罗棋布，公布为文物保护单位的摩崖造像多达75处，雕像5万余身，铭文10万余字。其中全国重点文物保护单位6处，大足石刻其规模宏大，刻艺精湛，内容丰富，具有鲜明的民族特色，具有很高的历史、科学和艺术价值，在我国古代石窟艺术史上占有举足轻重的地位，被国内外誉为神奇的东方艺术明珠，是天才的艺术，是一座独具特色的世界文化遗产的宝库，是一座开发潜力巨大的旅游金矿，是旅游观光的上佳去处。

 

大足石刻开凿于唐永徽元年(公元650年)，盛于宋代。现存摩崖石刻造像5万余尊，铭文10万余宁，遍布100多处。其中比较重要的有北山(包括北塔)、宝顶山、南山、石门、石篆山石刻，是大足石刻中规模最大艺术价值最高的石刻造像代表。

 

石刻以佛教造像为主，兼有儒、道造像。具有石窟造像的特征，属于石窟艺术的范畴。早期的“庙宇殿堂”式结构，完全是摩崖造像，如大佛湾造像全都裸露在外，与山崖连成一片，给人一种非常直观的感觉。突破了一些宗教的约束，使造像更具人性化。雕刻形式有圆雕、高浮雕、浅浮雕、凸浮雕、阴雕五种，但主要以高浮雕为主，辅以其他形式。不仅有不计其数的各阶层人物形象，以及众多的社会生活场面，而且还配有大量的文字记载，是一幅生动的历史画卷。

 

 

 

Dazu rock carvings, was built in the first year of Tang 6th (650), through the Five Dynasties period, compared to the 1097-1138, remnants until Ming and Qing, China advanced stone works of art. Dazu Rock Carvings in Chongqing Municipality is Dazu County Cliff main performance figures of the grotto art known.Is published for the heritage conservation units Cliff figures up to 75, more than 50,000 body statue, inscriptions 10 million characters.Which, in the northern mountains, Grotto Mountain, Nanshan, Stone Fragrance Hill, Cliff Shimenshan most prevalent characteristics.Dazu Rock Carvings on December 1, 1999 by the UNESCO as a cultural heritage on the World Heritage List. 　

 

　　Beishan stone statues in Beishan Cliff Dazu County, Longgang Town of 1.5 km and Tang drilled in the first year of King Fuk Shaoxing 31 years to the Southern Song Dynasty (892 -1162), through numbered 290, figures of 10,000, with carving delicate, exquisite, elegant known world. Yuerlian to Songyilian display of the late Tang Chinese folk belief and Buddhist grotto art style of the development and change, Hailed as the Tang and Song stone art museum.Skyline Late Tang sculptures graceful fullness, temperament knew ends finer go about in body-fitted with Tang legacy.In particular resolution 245 Amitayur-Buddhist disguised as rich, structured, engraved with the figure Category 539, all kinds of shapes more than 460 pieces, preserving the image of the various materials.Chinese grotto in similar subjects were leading figures.

 

　　Five Dynasties works Beishan figures for the third over this period is the most prevalent, have an important role in the cause.Its characteristics are small and exquisite, the posture changes, looked relaxed and patterns become increasingly prosperous Korea, showing by the transition Yuerlian to Songyilian Tang style.Skyline Southern Song Dynasty statues most prominent, known as the Chinese Goddess of Mercy taken at the museum.During this period more work to the life, embodies the aesthetic appeal of the Song Dynasty.Sculptures have distinct personalities, body beautiful, mellifluous, wearing gorgeous features.The most representative is No. 136 by the runner possession Cave, has been regarded as the Chinese grotto art crown of a pearl. 　

 

　　Trip Ideas Cliff stone sculptures in Dazu county northeast 15 km and Chi Buddhist monk from the Song Dynasty in the Southern Song Feng Chien-chun years (1174 -1252), which lasted more than 70 years. Bay to the Big Buddha, the Buddha's small center, the whole idea of cutting from organizations, is a figurine of more than 10,000 respect, in the caves rare complete and the major characteristics of Esoteric Buddhism temples, It has regarded China into the history of Tibetan Buddhism after the continuation of about 400 years of history of the Chinese Buddhist Tantrism adding a new page.Ideas like Cliff said the performance of grotto art in the form of unique, more than 10,000 subjects do not respect repeat motifs, Cave Shrine between both teachings on the intrinsic link with the form interconnected and form an organic whole.Its contents before them with six Original idealism, according to final Ching Liu prime manifestation of the Buddha, the reasonable and firms have fruit, and a complete system characteristics.

 

　　Ideas Cliff statues to subdue the people can create their principles, so as to inspire believers to devout Buddhist. Sculptures, decorative, layout, drainage, lighting, support, perspective, are placing greater emphasis on formal beauty and artistic beauty.If the Buddhist goddess Guanyin 1007 pliant clutch hand, vary scattered like passing the flashing peacock-.Buddhist nirvana long as 31 meters, only disclosed half-length, its composition is mindful of the T volts paintings of paintings wonderful, and people with possession of not disclosed aesthetic, it was a Chinese landscape painting in a limited unlimited see the traditional aesthetic thinking of the successful application.Prince Kowloon bath using Cliff natural spring, carved in precipice above Kowloon I. spring to the central Longkou rivals Let funneled Chingchuankang perennial constantly washing with Buddhist Prince, sculptures added to the liveliness of his local conditions model.Cliff Nanshan sculptures dug Shaoxing in the Southern Song period (1131 -1162), through numbered 15, is a very important Taoist statues district.

 

　　Cliff Stone Sculptures Fragrance Hill drilled in the Northern Song Yuan biographical five years to the first year (1082 -1096). Link numbered 10, is typical of Buddhism and Taoism, Confucianism and the Ecumenical Category three areas.Shihmen Cliff statues excavated at the Northern Song Dynasty biographical Southern Shaoxing year for the first 21 years [1094 -1151). Link numbered 16, as Buddhism, Taoism Ecumenical sculptures, especially the most prevalent characteristics of Taoism.

 

　　Chinese grotto art in its long-term development process, the various periods have accumulated its own unique pattern and content.Late grotto art as a representative of the Dazu rock carvings in absorption, thaw early grotto art on the basis of the essence, in the subject matter, in the form of art, modeling techniques, aesthetic taste various aspects than the previous generation breakthroughs, with a clear Nationalization, life characteristics, as with Chinese-style model of the grotto art, and Dunhuang, Yungang, Longmen Grottoes, etc. together constitute a complete Chinese grotto art history.Dazu stone diverse topics, rich content, Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, three Category evil, unlike early Grottoes. Dazu rock carvings of Chinese grotto art innovation and the development of an important contribution.It focused on sculpture and art aesthetic rules and forms and laws of Cliff Cave Sculptures Sculptures direction to the development of good cases.Dazu Rock Carvings in various aspects of the grotto art to create a new form, as a Chinese style and Chinese traditional culture, and the embodiment of traditional Chinese aesthetics and aesthetic pleasures of grotto art model. Dazu stone grotto art is the life of a model.

 

　　In short, on its scale, platform's sperm and is rich in content, the Dazu stone carvings are said to be a great art masterpiece.It is the Chinese grotto art important component of the Year 9 is the end of the 13th century to the middle of the world's most grotto art in a magnificent splendor

Done