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Flickr Friday theme: Subframing
Thanks to everyone who took the time to view, comment, and fave my photo. It’s really appreciated. 😊
Featuring the bright star Merak of Ursa Major.
Dwarf 3
45-second subframes | 5 hours total (over two nights)
NGC2070
I used remote observatory, iTelescope, to took this image.
The plan started at the beginning of September 2019. I acquired L, R, G, B, SII, H-alpha, OIII each 300s*1. I did LRGB, SHO, HOO color mapping, and I found out that the luminous frame is bright (or less noise), but the nebulosity is not as sharp as narrowband frames. Since the SII frame is much dimmer than others, I experimentally took single 900s SII subframe. The Hubble Palette image with S:H:O=9:3:3 still shows water blue color (bule+green) in nebulosity and, badly, very red color in star. I did some google search, notice that there might be not so many SII emission at this place. "Ok, I need to change the strategy." I talked to myself at that time.
After that, I focus on HOO composition. I took an extra nine subframes each with H-alpha and OIII filter. Finally, HOO color nebula combines with LRGB stars makes this image more nature.
The plan will be continuous...
Time: 2019/09
iTelescope T31
OTA: Planewave 20" CDK
Aperture: 510mm
Focal Length: 2259mm
F/Ratio: f/4.4
CCD: FLI-PL09000
LRGB: 300s*1 (each)
H-alpha: 300s*10
OIII: 300s*10
Data Source: iTelescope remote observatory. My friend offers me observe time, and I make the observational plan.
Description: This image of the Pleiades Star Cluster M45 was developed by me from 120x300s subs or 10.0 hours of total exposure time.
Date / Location: 9-11, 13, 14, 16-19 December 2022 / Washington D.C.
Equipment:
Scope: WO Zenith Star 81mm f/6.9 with WO 6AIII flattener/focal reducer x0.8
Cooled camera: ZWO ASI 2600MC Pro at 100 Gain and 50 Offset
Mount: iOptron GEM28-EC mount
Guider: ZWO Off-Axis Guider
Guide camera: ZWO ASI 174MM mini
Focuser: ZWO EAF
Light pollution filter: Chroma LoGlow Broadband Light Pollution Reduction Filter - 2"
Software: Pixinsight
Processing Steps:
Preprocessing: I preprocessed 120x300s subs (= 10.0 hours) in Pixinsight to get an integrated image using the following process steps: Image Calibration > Cosmetic Correction > Subframe Selector > Debayer > Select Reference Star and Star Align > Image Integration.
Linear Postprocessing: Rotation > Dynamic Crop > Dynamic Background Extractor (both subtraction to remove light pollution gradients and division for flat field corrections) > Background Neutralization > Color Calibration > Noise Xterminator.
Nonlinear Postprocessing and additional steps: Histogram Transformation > Local Histogram Equalization > Curves Transformation > SCNR Noise Reduction. Multiple passes of Histogram Transformation, Local Histogram Equalization and Curves Transformations were made in small doses.
...
"The Pleiades also known as Seven Sisters and Messier 45 (M45), is an asterism of an open star cluster containing young B-type stars in the northwest of the constellation Taurus. At a distance of about 444 light-years, it is among the nearest star clusters to Earth and the nearest Messier object to Earth, being the most obvious star cluster to the naked eye in the night sky. ... The cluster is dominated by hot blue luminous stars that have formed within the last 100 million years." en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleiades
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Photographed at Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada
(285 km by road north of Toronto)
* Temperature 11 degrees C.
Total exposure time: 15 minutes.
* 540 mm focal length telescope
___________________________________________
Description:
This large hydrogen gas nebula lies about 6,000 light-years away in the constellation Cassiopeia, and in the Perseus Arm of our Milky Way galaxy. The nebula is energized by hot stars near the centre in this view, some of which are about 50 times the mass of our own Sun. The nebula has a diameter of about 200 light years.
For a wider angle view of Cassiopeia and this nebula, made with a 50 mm lens on the same evening, click here:
www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/31139391496
For a version of this photo WITH LABELS, click on your screen to the RIGHT of the photo, or click here:
www.flickr.com/photos/97587627@N06/31079227441
__________________________________________
Technical information:
Nikon D810a camera body on Teleview 101is apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Astrophysics 1100GTO equatorial mount
Fifteen stacked frames; each frame:
540 mm focal length
ISO 5000; 1 minute exposure at f/5.4; unguided
(with LENR - long exposure noise reduction)
Subframes registered in RegiStar;
Stacked and processed in Photoshop CS6 (brightness, contrast, colour balance, levels)
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NGC 2264 is the designation number of the New General Catalogue that identifies two astronomical objects as a single object: the Cone Nebula, and the Christmas Tree Cluster.
All of the objects are located in the Monoceros constellation, near Orion and are located about 2300 light-years from Earth.
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -15°C gain 101 offset 49
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher AZ-EQ6
Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light : 60x300s
Total integration time 5h
Dark: 34x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : 9 February 2022
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing each panels in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Image Integration
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
DBE master Light
Split L,R,G,B layer from Master light
__L__
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Soft Streatch
UnsharpedMask
LocalHistogramEqualization
__RGB__
Linear Fit
BackgroundNeutralization
PhotometricColorCalibration
Ez_Soft Streatch
Starnet++
CuvesTransformation with mask
SCNR star mask
Bring back stars with PixelMath
__LRGB__
LRGBCombination
Ez_Denoise
Final CurvesTransformation
DarkStructureEnhance Script
Save as jpg
Clear Skies !
There are a number of other galaxies in this image in addition to M101 centered. They are smaller and many are clustered near M101. Near the top and off to the right is NGC5422. Near the bottom and a bit to the left is NGC5474. There are others that might be mistaken for stars.
Dwarf 3 smartscope
206 45-second subframes | 60 gain | total exposure time 153.75 minutes
This nebula is located at around 7500 lights years from the Earth and extend over 165 lights years.
On the upper right part you can see the Fish Head Nebula (IC 1795).
On the left it is a part of the Heart Nebula (IC 1805) and you can see Melotte 15 in the middle of the Heart Nebula, a little star cluster with a lot of dust
Starless version: flic.kr/p/2mA2B1y
One exposure 300s : flic.kr/p/2mwYXX5
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -15°C
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher NEQ5
Filter: Optrolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light :218x300s ( 18h ) at Gain:101 Offset:49
Dark-100x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : Take on 5 night 29, 30 september 2021
and 7, 8, 9 october 2021
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
I use the ForaxX palette for HOO combination
ForaxX website : thecoldestnights.com
And the Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
Split the master_LRGB into L, R, G, B layer
DynamicBackgroundExtractor each layer
___RGB layer___
Split RGB channels for build Ha and Oiii
Ha=R Oiii= B*0.3+G*0.7
EZ_Soft Stretch
HOO combination with Foraxx formula
R=Ha
G=((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Ha + ~((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Oiii
B=Oiii
Starnet++ for remove stars and build a mask nebula
Color Saturation
Curves Tansformation (K,saturation,hue)
Saturate stars for push up stars color
SCNR with star Mask for remove green in stars (OSC camera)
Bring back the stars with PixelMath
___L layer___
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Denoise
Ez_Soft Stretch
Ez_HDR
Local Histogram Equalization with nebula mask
UnsharpedMask with nebula mask
___LRGB___
Final Curve Transformation
DarkStructureEnhance script
EZ_Star Reduction
Save as BMP 32bit file
Clear skies !
Comet 45/P from this evening between 19:55 h and 20:05 h UT. Despite the fog close to surface and only seven degrees above the horizon, the comet’s tail still can be seen in a length of more than two degrees.
Sony A7s (CentralDS modded), ISO3200, no filter, Borg Apo 3.9/480mm, 40 x 15 sec, landscape from one single subframe, FOV 4.2° x 3°, EQ8 mount.
Mosaic of 8 separate images, each from a stack of 20 subframes.
It is a large file, so check the bigger viewing options.
Hi everybody.
This is an image of M78 in Orion made with the Officina Stellare UCRC 12" f5.2 telescope during the last (2012) ATT at Sattlegger (Austria).
The picture is an LLRGB consisting of 5:3:3:3, 30min subframes (7hours total) through an LRGB Astrodon type2 filters using a FLI ML11002 CCD camera.
Thanks!
1962 Mercedes-Benz 190 SL Roadster
Further to posting the steering wheel and dash board the other day, here is the rest of the car, which didn't actually sell at the auction last September so it may still be up for sale.
"Announced in 1954 and based on the 180 saloon whose all-independently-suspended running gear it used, the 190 SL did not enter production until January 1955, the delay being caused by alterations aimed at strengthening the saloon's shortened platform to compensate for the open body's reduced stiffness. Mounted on a detachable subframe along with the four-speed manual gearbox, front suspension and steering, the power unit was a 1,897cc overhead-camshaft four - the first such engine ever to feature in a Mercedes-Benz. Breathing through twin Solex down-draft carburettors, the M121 unit produced 105bhp at 5,700rpm, an output sufficient to propel the 190SL to 60mph in 13 seconds and on to a top speed of 107 miles per hour."
The famous Spaghetti nebula, more properly known as Simeis 147, on the border of Auriga with Taurus is a supernova remnant of a star which exploded around 40,000 years ago. It is a large object, spanning more than 3 degrees, but also very dim. This image is a 6 panel mosaic with each panel being a stack of 300 second subframes integrating to 10 or more hours total exposure. The imaging camera was a QHY168C with an STC duo-narrowband filter. The scope was a WO Zenithstar 102. Sequence Generator Pro was used to plan the mosaic and manage the image capture. Guiding was via PHD2. The mount was a Skywatcher EQ6R Pro. All post-processing was carried out in PixInsight.
Observed from Prachinburi, Thailand.
Manufacturer: Adam Opel AG, Rüsselsheim - Germany / General Motors Company, Detroit - USA
Type: Kapitän Mk 5
Production time: September 1955 - Februari 1958
Production outlet: 92,555 (incl. 7,983 Kapitän L from May 1957)
Engine: 2473cc straight-6
Power: 75 bhp / 3.900 rpm
Torque: 173 Nm / 1.700 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 140 km/h
Curb weight: 1240 kg
Wheelbase: 108 inch
Chassis: with self-supporting steel pontoon body
Steering: worm & roller
Gearbox: three-speed manual / all synchronized from 1956 / steering column shift
Clutch: single dry plate disc
Carburettor: Opel downdraft with accelerator pump
Fuel tank: 45 liter
Electric system: Bosch 6 Volts
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: hydraulic Duplex drums
Brakes rear: hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent trapezoidal double wishbones, sway bar, coil springs + telescopic shock absorbers (inside standing)
Suspension rear: live axle reinforced by a subframe, cast housing with support tubes, two semi-elliptical leaf springs with 7 leaves (intermediate bearings), sway bar + telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 4 1/2 J x 13
Tires: 6.40 x 13
Options: four-speed-overdrive transmission, whitewall tires
Special:
- This executive Opel (fifth generation Kapitäns) was in the base the old model with new bumpers, trim and parking lights.
- With increased compression, 82 bhp / 4.000 rpm, and the all synchronized gearbox with overdrive, it was a nice “travel car”.
Target: IC63 Ghost of Cassiopeia.
About 550 light-years away in the constellation of Cassiopeia lies IC 63, a fitting nebula for Halloween time.
Also known as the ghost of Cassiopeia, IC 63 is being shaped by radiation from a variable star, Gamma Cassiopeiae, which is slowly eroding away the ghostly cloud of dust and gas.
Gear:
Mount: ZWO AM5
Main Cam: ZWO ASI294MC Pro @ gain 121 and 14F
Guide Cam: ZWO ASI120MM Mini with ZWO 30mm f/4 scope
Lens: Sigma 150-600 @ 575
Filter: Antlia ALP-T 5nm Ha and Oiii
Acquisition:
Light frames: Best 60 of 84 5 minute subs totalling 5 Hr integration
Sessions: 01-Nov-23
Location: Houston Colorado County, Texas
Bortle: 5
Moon: 87%, 60degrees off target
Processing
• PI - Subframe selector, WBPP
• GraXpert background
• PI SPCC
• PI Russel Croman - BXT NXT STX
• PI Starless Edits
○ Bill Blanshan Mike Cranfield Narrowband Normalization Tool
○ GHS Stretch
○ Curves
• PI Stars Edits
○ Arcsinh Stretch
○ SCNR, Invert and SCNR
○ Curve Saturation
• PS ACR Black point, Highlights, Clarity, Dehaze
• PS Selective Colors
• PS Screen stars layer, copy stars layer/brighten it/mask in selective stars
• PS Watermark
IC 443 also known as the Jellyfish Nebula is a galactic supernova remnant in the constellation Gemini, at 5000 Light years from Earth.
IC 443 may be the remains of a supernova that occurred 3,000 - 30,000 years ago.
-Equipment-
Scope: TS-Optics 94/414 EPDH (414mm focal)
Camera: ZWO ASI533MC Pro at -25°C gain 101 offset 49
Guiding: ZWO OAG
Guiding camera: ZWO ASI 120MM
Mount: Skywatcher AZ-EQ6
Filter: Optolong L-eXtreme
-Acquisition-
Light : 124x300s
Total integration time 10h
Dark: 34x300s Flat-50 Bias-100
Date : 4 March 2022
Location : France-Alsace Bortle 4/5
-Software-
Carte du Ciel, N.I.N.A, Phd2 , PoleMaster and PixInsight
Ez Processing Suite from darkarcon
darkarcon website : darkarchon.internet-box.ch:8443/
-Pre Processing each panels in PixInsight-
Image Calibration
Cosmetic Correction
Debayer
Subframe Selector
Star Alignement
Local Normalization
Image Integration
Drizzle x2
Dynamic crop
-Processing
DBE MasterLRGB
___RGB layer___HOO
Split RGB channels to build Ha and Oiii
Ha=R Oiii= B*0.3+G*0.7
EZ_Soft Stretch
HOO combination with Foraxx formula
R=Ha
G=((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Ha + ~((Oiii*Ha)^~(Oiii*Ha))*Oiii
B=Oiii
Starnet++ for remove stars and build a mask nebula
Color Saturation
Curves Tansformation
Saturate stars for push up stars color
SCNR star mask
Bring back the stars with PixelMath
___L layer___
Ez_Deconvolution
Ez_Soft Stretch
Local Histogram Equalization with nebula mask
UnsharpedMask with nebula mask
___LRGB___
Ez_Denoise
Final Curve Transformation
Annotation
Save as JPG
Clear skies !
Manufacturer: Daimler-Benz AG, Stuttgart - Germany
Type: 300 SE Coupé Typ W 112.021
Production time: February 1962 - December 1967
Production outlet: 2,419
Engine: 2996cc straight-6 M 189 VI / 189.987 SOHC big block
Power: 185 bhp / 5.200 rpm
Torque: 278 Nm / 4.000 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 195 km/h
Curb weight: 1570 kg
Wheelbase: 108.3 inch
Chassis: X-frame chassis with auxiliary front subframe for receiving suspension with motor-gear unit and steel unibody (frame-floor unit with body welded)
Steering: DB servo recirculating ball with damper
Gearbox: four-speed automatic transmission / steering column shift
Clutch: not applicable
Fuel system: mechanical Bosch fuel injection:
Fuel tank: 65 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts
Ignition system: electronic
Brakes front: ATE T 50/26 brake assist hydrauliic 9.96 inch Dunlop discs
Brakes rear: ATE T 50/26 brake assist hydraulic 10.04 inch Dunlop discs with anti-dive
Suspension front: independent self-leveling air suspension, double trapezoidal wishbones, sway bar, rubber auxiliary springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: swing axle with low pivot point and sliding struts, self-leveling air suspension, sway bar/torsionsstabllisator, rubber auxiliary springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 5½JK x 13 B
Tires: 7.50 H 13 Nylon Sport
Options: four-speed manual gearbox, ZF five-speed manual gearbox
Special:
- The new “fin tail” body style was designed by Friedrich Geiger and at first shown at the 1959 Frankfurt Auto Show.
- The 300 SE Series was available as this 2-door Coupé, as 2-door Convertible W 112.23 (1962-1967: 708 units built), as 4-door Limousine W 112.014 (1961-1965: 5,202 units built) and as 4-door Limousine SE lang W 112.015 (1963-1965: 1,546 units built and often wrongly referred to as the 300 SEL, a designation not used until 1966 - Typ W 109), all assembled (hand-built) in Stuttgart Untertürkheim - Germany.
Manufacturer: Volkswagen AG (VAG), Wolfsburg - Germany
Type: Typ 3 1500S Stufenheck / Notchback
Production time: 1963 - 1965
Production time: 1961 - 1973 (all Typ 3's)
Production outlet: 1,202,483 (all 1500/1600/Variant models)
Production outlet: 2,583,015 (all Typ 3's / all models)
Engine: 1493cc (HO4 OHV) four-cylinder boxer forced air-cooled
Power: 54 bhp / 4.200 rpm
Torque: 106 Nm / 2.600 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 135 km/h
Curb weight: 880 kg
Wheelbase: 94.5 inch
Chassis: central tubular frame with continuous deck, rear forked subframe and monocoque body
Steering: worm & roller with hydraulic damper
Gearbox: four-speed manual / all synchronized / floor shifter
Clutch: dry plate disc
Carburettor: twin Solex 32 PDSIT downdraft
Fuel tank: 40 liter
Electric system: 6 Volts 77 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: hydraulic drums
Brakes rear: hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent lengthwise crank trailing arms, anti-roll bar connected to upper trailing links, crossed transverse round torsion spring rods + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: double jointed CV joint trailing arms, transverse torsion bars + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live swing type
Differential: spiral bevel
Wheels: 4½J x 15 safety rim wheels
Tires: 6.00 x 15 Bias 6 Ply
Options: Fichtel & Sachs Saxomat semi-automatic four speed transmission (an electromagnetic clutch with a centrifugal clutch used for idle), fog lamps, Air Conditioning (USA)
Special:
- Typ 3 (Projekt EA 142: 1961-1973), introduced at the 1961 Frankfurt Motor Show, was the first "big Volkswagen" and the last Volkswagen with the air-cooled rear mounted boxer engine (411/412).
- It shared the Beetles gearbox, rear axle and the engine mounted in the back (into a subframe which contained the complete rear suspension) and almost half of the total production were Variants (43 %).
- Typ 3 Series was available as this 2-door Stufenheck , as 3-door Variant “Squareback” and as 3-door Variant Delivery Van.
- This first Typ 3 1500 Series was assembled in Wolfsburg - Germany.
- Cars built in Brasil (nicknamed “Zé do Caixão” (meaning "Coffin Joe") and Argentina could be delivered with 4 doors.
- Type 3 output continued in Clayton (Australia) until 1974 and in São Bernardo do Campo (Brazil) until 1982.
Manufacturer: Alvis Car and Engineering Company Ltd, Coventry - UK
Type: 12/50 SB Tourer
Production time: 1923 - 1929
Production outlet: 3,616 (all models)
Engine: 1496cc straight-4 overhead-valve I-head
Power: 51 bhp / 4.000 rpm
Torque: unknown
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 97 km/h
Curb weight: 1030 kg
Wheelbase: 112.5 inch
Chassis: ladder frame with a bolted subframe and separate body (most likely by Cross & Ellis, Coventry)
Steering: Maries steering
Gearbox: four-speed manual / non-synchromesh / floor shift
Clutch: cone type
Carburettor: Solex
Fuel tank: 51 liter
Electric system: Lucas 6 Volts
Ignition system: magneto
Brakes front: non
Brakes rear: cable controlled mechanical drums
Suspension front: live axle, longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs
Suspension rear: live axle, longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs
Rear axle: beam
Differential: hypoid 4.30:1
Wheels: 19 inch Artillery Type
Tires: 5.50 x 19
Options: cycle wings, front wheel brakes (standard from 1926)
Special:
- Some have suggested that De Freville proposed the name Alvis as a compound of the words "aluminium" and "vis" (meaning "strong" in Latin) although De Freville himself vigorously denied this theory. Perhaps the name was derived from the Norse mythological weaponsmith, Alvíss, but the true origin is unknown.
- The Alvis 12/50 was designed by Chief Draughtsman W.M. Dunn and its engine was a recontructed and improved engine (original designed in 1920 for the 10/30 model) by Geoffrey de Freville) by Chief Engineer and Works Manager Captain G.T. Smith-Clark.
- Engineering companies of the time, Alvis did not produce their own coachwork. They only assembled the rolling chassis. Customers choose their own coach builder, like Carbodies Limited in Coventry, Charlesworth Bodies Limited in Coventry, Cross & Ellis in Coventry, Hooper & Co. in Westminster London, Mulliners Limited in Birmingham, Tickford Limited in Newport Pagnell, Vanden Plas Belgium/UK, etc.
- The 12/50 Series was available as this Tourer, as Drophead Coupé, as 2 seat Sports Tourer, Raodster and as Sportsman’s Saloon.
- The Models FA, FB, FD and FE (1928-1931) had front wheel drive!!, with Roots Supercharger power 75bhp/5.000rpm, 155 units built in total, including prototypes and racers and 14 known survivors / 35 survivors from other sources!!).
The constellation of Cygnus has a lot of interesting things to photograph and covers a wide areas of the night sky. In this image you can find NGC 6910 aka Rocking Horse Nebula, which is a loose collection of stars. You can find SH2-108 the Butterfly Nebula. The dominant star is yCyg.
Semester S50
724 ten-second subframes
I took this photo with a Sony A7III camera, attached to an Orion 80mm ED doublet refractor, and mounted on a Celestron CGX-L.
I only took 8 subframes for stacking. More is usually better.
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Photographed from mid-town Toronto, Canada, at 21.05 EST (Moon altitude: 61° | Sun 42° below the horizon)
* Temperature -10° C.
The weather has been so bad in southern Ontario for the last almost two months that tonight was the first time since Nov. 22 that I have had the telescope out under a clear sky!
The Moon, in its waxing gibbous phase and 78% sunlit, was riding high over Toronto tonight, just four nights before the total eclipse of the Moon this coming Sunday night. It was quite cold, but there was no wind to blow the telescope around, so I was able to get very clear, high resolution base images from which to make this image.
______________________________________________
Nikon Z7 camera body on Explore Scientific 152 mm (6") apochromatic refracting telescope, mounted on Sky-Watcher AZ-EQ6 SynScan mount.
Best nine of twelve identical stacked frames - each frame:
● 1253 mm focal length
● ISO 100, 1/250 sec. exposure, f/8
Subframes stacked in Registax
Processed in Photoshop CS6
(cropping, brightness, contrast, colour desaturation)
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This is a combination of 26 subs, one set from April 2020, of 10 x 10 minutes duration and another set of 16 x 5 minutes duration from 2018. All at ISO400. Taken with my 480mm f/6 refractor on a modified Canon 80D.
Technical card for 2020 session is in my Backyard Astrophotography Album.
I’ve not cropped this, so some background galaxies can be seen in the corners.
M81 is a large spiral galaxy in Ursa Major that is reasonably local to us at 12 million light years. Its companion, M82 has been disrupted by an encounter with M81 in the past.
M82 is a starburst galaxy with intense star formation triggered by the gravitational influence of M81. The red fan-like filaments at right angles to the axis of the galaxy are formed by a "superwind". The intense star formation has resulted in multiple supernovae explosions occurring about once every 10 years - the explosions power the super wind. The filaments are expanding outwards at about 600 miles a second and glow brightly in hydrogen alpha (red). They are also a very strong source of radio emission, listed as 3C 231 in the 3rd Cambridge catalogue of radio sources.
NGC3077 lies top left. It’s classified as a peculiar galaxy and may have interacted with M81 in the past and become disrupted. Some radial dust bands are just visible in this image - couldn’t see this detail before so nice to pick up in this longer integration.
The faint galaxy Holmberg IX lies just above M81, seen here as a faint triangular smudge contained in a trapezoid set of stars. It seems to be a companion dwarf galaxy to M81, a bit like our Magellanic Clouds.
The small galaxies bottom left and right are PGC28563 and PGC28225 respectively.
Image scale: 1.59 arcsecond/pixel
Field-of-view: 1d 37' 34.0" x 1d 9' 3.6"
Image centred on:
RA: 9hr 55min 25.931s
DEC: +67d 10min 05.69s
I tried a few new things in PixInsight processing to try and get the best integrated image. I used a custom expression in SubFrame Selector and graded all the subs based on that expression (using Eccentricity, SNR and FWHM). The integration then used the weighted images (via a FITS keyword) so that the best made the most contribution and the worst, least.
Manufacturer: Società Anonima Fratelli Innocenti, Lambretta / Milan - Italy
Type: Mini Cooper 1300 MK 4 Minimatic
Production time: mid-year 1971 - mid-year 1975
Production outlet: unknown
Engine: 1275cc straight-4 BMC Austin A-series 1275
Power: 76 bhp / 5.800 rpm
Torque: 108 Nm / 3.200 rpm
Drivetrain: front wheels
Speed: 157 km/h
Curb weight: 649 kg
Wheelbase: 80 inch
Chassis: front and rear subframes with all-steel unibody
Steering: rack & pinion
Gearbox: semi-automatic (clutchless) manual four-speed transmission / II, III and IV synchronized / floor shifter
Clutch: not relevant / single dry plate spring spacer on manual gearbox
Carburettor: twin SU HS2
Fuel tank: 36 liter
Electric system: 12 Volts
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: powered Lockheed hydraulic discs
Brakes rear: Lockheed hydraulic drums
Suspension front: independent double wishbones with composite suspension (hydrolastic) with rubber spring cushion, damping valve controlled by connecting liquid, torsion bars for the longitudinal and transverse stabilization + telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: trailing arms with composite suspension (hydrolastic) with rubber spring cushion, damping valve controlled by connecting liquid, torsion bars for the longitudinal and transverse stabilization + telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: spiral bevel
Wheels: 3J-10 inch
Tires: 145 SR 10
Options: four-speed manual gearbox
Special:
- The Mini (ADO15) was designed by Sir Alec Issigonis (who also designed the Morris Minor over 10 years earlier) and is generally considered one of the most important milestones in automotive history.
- Based on the 2-door Mini John Cooper (racecar constructor of Formula 500, Formula 3 and Formula 1 cars and a friend of Sir Alec Issigonis) developed a sporty model: the Mini Cooper.
- In Italy in the years 60-70 it often was too expensive, due to high import duties, to purchase an imported car, so that most Italians opted for an Italian car. BMC England signed an agreement with Innocenti Milan (famous for the production of Lambretta) and from 1965 Innocenti was allowed to built the Mini 850 for the Italian market. Since 1971, the Mini Cooper was also built under license.
- It is equipped with a unique "Hydrolastic" shock absorption system, invented by famous British rubber engineer Alex Moulton, in which the various fluid-filled shock absorbers, by means of conduits, are in communication with each other.
- The Innocenti was faster and more luxurious (interior with more accessories and better finished) than the British Mini and nowadays very popular in the USA, Canada and Europe.
- Many details of internal and external were produced by Italian brands (IPRA for the radiators, Carello and Altissimo for the headlights), so especially for the Innocenti Mini Cooper 1300 spare parts are hard to find.
First light with QHY294C OSC / one-shot color/ camera . Testing for best setting and best capturing software but weather not cooperating, nice hot beautiful summer days but hazy nights. For this stack, I choose only 23 subframes, 60 sec each from 100 's using SubframeSelector in PixInsiaght. I hope I'II grab more and reprocess image soon. All processing done in PI included StarMask, all bright stars saturated so I did not touch them. This camera is so sensitive and captures so many bright stars especially on Milky Way take so much time to process. I used a Sequence Generator, When I am using SharpCup I am not relaxed because is downloading all the time video frames and crushing often.
The Heart and Soul Nebulae are two emission nebulae located in the constellation Cassiopeia, about 6,000 light-years from Earth. Together, they form a vast star-forming complex, making them fascinating objects for astronomers and stargazers alike.
This is a revisit of some older data sets from 2017 and 2018. It was originally supposed to be a 6 panel mosaic of the Heart and Soul region. Unfortunately, I had far too many gaps in the overall field of view, so the panorama project was scrapped. And with my skills and tools at the time, I had never been able to get a good result out of any of the subframes.
Fast forward a few years, and I managed to use at least 2 frames in the panorama to create this image. And with the extra experience and better tools, I was able to finally do this nebula justice!
-= Tech Data =-
-Equipment-
Imaging Scope: Esplore Scientific ED80
Mount: Celestron AVX
Imaging Camera: ZWO ASI 1600MC-Pro
Guide Camera: Orion
Guide Scope: Orion
- Acquisition -
∙ 60 x 5 minute exposures per frame.
Shot at the L&A Country Dark Sky Viewing Area near Erinsville, Ontario
Manufacturer: Carozzeria Pininfarina S.p.A., Cambiano - Italy / Lancia Automobiles S.p.A., Turin - Italy
Type: Flaminia Pininfarina Coupé 3B 2.8 Tipo 826 030 SN
Production time: October 1962 - October 1967
Production outlet: 1,085
Engine: 2775cc V-6 pushrod OHV, V-60deg
Power: 140 bhp / 5.400 rpm
Torque: 221 Nm / 3.000 rpm
Drivetrain: rear wheels
Speed: 181 km/h
Curb weight: 1520 kg
Wheelbase: 108.3 inch
Chassis: box-shaped frame with longitudinal bars and subframe for the front axle and engine and a semi-selfsupporting steel unibody
Steering: worm & roller
Gearbox: four-speed manual (lying behind the differential ) / all synchromesh / steering column shift
Clutch: hydraulic single dry plate disc (lying behind the differential)
Carburettor: Solex C35 P 3-12 3-barrel and electrical Bendix fuel pump
Fuel tank: 56 liter
Electric system: Marelli 12 Volts 45 Ah
Ignition system: distributor and coil
Brakes front: Dunlop 11.5 inch hydraulic discs
Brakes rear: Dunlop 12 inch hydraulic discs
Suspension front: independent double trapezoidal wishbones,sway bar, coil springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Suspension rear: De Dion setup transaxle (double “hinge” axle), Panhard rod, sway bar, semi-elliptic leaf springs + hydraulic telescopic shock absorbers
Rear axle: live
Differential: hypoid
Wheels: 16 inch
Tires: 175 x 400 Michelin X / Pirelli Cinturato S
Options: Saxomat semi-automatic transmission with automatic clutch
Special:
- The body was designed and built by Pininfarina, based on the Battista Farina's “Florida II” show car of 1957.
- The name "Flaminia" is derived from an ancient Roman road.
- It was a quality built car with quality materials like aluminum (i.a. doors, fuel tank, B-pillar panels), brass nuts, walnut (i.a. dashboard, internal trim) and narrow gaps between parts.