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Soviet Space Race
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Soviet Visuals
2017
Beep.
60 years ago today, on October 4th 1957, Sputnik 1, the Earth's first artificial satellite blasted into space.
Beep.
Soviet Visuals
Visual Ideas From Behind The Iron Curtain
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G . Beep . M . Beep . A . Beep ...
Model of Sputnik 1 (the first artificial Earth satellite, launched by the Soviet Union in 1957) on top of Cafe Moskau
Berlin, Germany
A replica of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to go into Earth orbit, on display in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
On December 17, 1954, rocket engineer Sergei Korolev proposed that the Soviet Union develo an artificial satellite. Korolev knew that several Western scientists were already working toward this goal. On July 29, 1955, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower said the United States would launch an artificial satellite during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1958. The Council of Ministers (the heads of all Soviet executive-branch agencies) approved the plan on January 30, 1956.
A host of scientific experiments were to have flown aboard the satellite. But poor coordination meant that many of these were too big to fit, or did not fit well with the other science packages. Some simply failed to work altogether. Furthermore, the R-7 rocket that was intended to lift the satellite into orbit was not working well, and could not lift a heavy satellite.
On February 15, 1957, the Council of Ministers approved a new satellite design -- a simple radio transmitter.
Sputnik was designed by M.S. Khomyakov. A 23-inch sphere made of aluminium-magnesium-titanium alloy 2 mm thick. A 1 mm thick heat shield made of the same alloy covered the sphere. Two antennas (bent into a V-shape) designed by the Antenna Laboratory, about 7.9 and 9.5 feet in length, were attached to the sphere. Three silver-zinc batteries formed the power supply. Two powered the radio and one powered an internal fan. A one-watt radio broadcast beeps on two frequencies. Depending on the temperature and pressure, the beeps transmitted by the radio varied in length. Sputnik was filled with dry nitrogren, and a fan turned on to keep the radio cool if the temperature rose about 97 degrees F. If the temperature rose above 120 degrees F, or if it fell below 68 degrees F, the fan was turned off. A second thermal switch changed the length of the radio beeps if this happened. If the pressure inside the satellite fell below 5 psi, a barometric switch changed the length of the radio beeps on the second frequency.
The Sputnik rocket was launched on October 4, 1957. Its orbit was just 139 miles, and it orbited the Earth every 96.2 minutes.
Sputnik 1 remained in orbit until 4 January 1958, when it re-entered the atmosphere.
A replica of Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite to go into Earth orbit, on display in the Smithsonian Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C.
On December 17, 1954, rocket engineer Sergei Korolev proposed that the Soviet Union develo an artificial satellite. Korolev knew that several Western scientists were already working toward this goal. On July 29, 1955, U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower said the United States would launch an artificial satellite during the International Geophysical Year (IGY) of 1958. The Council of Ministers (the heads of all Soviet executive-branch agencies) approved the plan on January 30, 1956.
A host of scientific experiments were to have flown aboard the satellite. But poor coordination meant that many of these were too big to fit, or did not fit well with the other science packages. Some simply failed to work altogether. Furthermore, the R-7 rocket that was intended to lift the satellite into orbit was not working well, and could not lift a heavy satellite.
On February 15, 1957, the Council of Ministers approved a new satellite design -- a simple radio transmitter.
Sputnik was designed by M.S. Khomyakov. A 23-inch sphere made of aluminium-magnesium-titanium alloy 2 mm thick. A 1 mm thick heat shield made of the same alloy covered the sphere. Two antennas (bent into a V-shape) designed by the Antenna Laboratory, about 7.9 and 9.5 feet in length, were attached to the sphere. Three silver-zinc batteries formed the power supply. Two powered the radio and one powered an internal fan. A one-watt radio broadcast beeps on two frequencies. Depending on the temperature and pressure, the beeps transmitted by the radio varied in length. Sputnik was filled with dry nitrogren, and a fan turned on to keep the radio cool if the temperature rose about 97 degrees F. If the temperature rose above 120 degrees F, or if it fell below 68 degrees F, the fan was turned off. A second thermal switch changed the length of the radio beeps if this happened. If the pressure inside the satellite fell below 5 psi, a barometric switch changed the length of the radio beeps on the second frequency.
The Sputnik rocket was launched on October 4, 1957. Its orbit was just 139 miles, and it orbited the Earth every 96.2 minutes.
Sputnik 1 remained in orbit until 4 January 1958, when it re-entered the atmosphere.
Taken from the Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age exhibition at the Science Museum (September 2015 to March 2016).
Taken from the Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age exhibition at the Science Museum (September 2015 to March 2016).
Sputnik 1 replica(?) at the National Air & Space Museum in Washington, DC. I positioned myself so that the sun was directly behind the historic satellite. Unfortunately, the cool light effect I anticipated did not materialize, so the result was pretty underwhelming.
Replica Sputnik 1
Milestone: First Artificial Satellite
Date of Milestone: October 4, 1957
Spacecraft: Sputnik 1
Mission Operated by: USSR
Spacecraft Location: Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum, Milestones of Flight Gallery
On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union sent into orbit Sputnik 1, the first artificial satellite in history. Then a month later, an even larger and heavier satellite, Sputnik 2, carried the dog Laika into orbit.
Sputnik's launch came as an unnerving surprise to the United States. The space age had dawned and America's Cold War rival suddenly appeared technologically superior.
The first U.S. effort to launch a satellite failed when its Vanguard rocket exploded during lift-off. Finally on January 31, 1958, a Jupiter-C rocket sent Explorer 1 into orbit. The space race was underway.
More than twice the size of a basketball, Sputnik was larger and heavier than Explorer. Sputnik’s sphere was polished to a high sheen to aid in tracking by telescope.
Despite Sputnik’s streamlined appearance, it tumbled while in orbit.
Sputnik contained two radio transmitters, which sent back the “beep-beep-beep” heard round the world.
Sputnik 1 (Full-size replica)
Length: 285 cm (112 in), antennae
Diameter: 58 cm (23 in)
Weight: 83.6 kg (184 lb)
Launch Vehicle: R-7
Lent by the Science in Russia Exhibition of National Achievement
airandspace.si.edu/exhibitions/milestones-of-flight/onlin...
Taken from the Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age exhibition at the Science Museum (September 2015 to March 2016).
Taken from the Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age exhibition at the Science Museum (September 2015 to March 2016).
On October 14, 1947, the Bell X-1 became the first airplane to fly faster than the speed of sound. Piloted by U.S. Air Force Capt. Charles E. "Chuck" Yeager, the X-1 reached a speed of 1,127 kilometers (700 miles) per hour, Mach 1.06, at an altitude of 13,000 meters (43,000 feet). Yeager named the airplane "Glamorous Glennis" in tribute to his wife.
On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union successfully placed the world's first artificial satellite into orbit around Earth. Sputnik 1 had two radio transmitters and broadcast the "beep-beep-beep" that symbolically ushered in the space age.
I couldn't find a label anywhere, but this seems to be a Sputnik 1 model, the first man-made object to orbit Earth
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States. Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country, Washington was named after George Washington, first President of the United States and Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. The city is also one of the most visited cities in the world, with more than 20 million tourists annually.
The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District.
Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018, making it the 20th most populous city in the United States. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek. Washington's metropolitan area, the country's sixth largest, had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents.
All three branches of the U.S. federal government are centered in the District: Congress (legislative), president (executive), and the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial). Washington is home to many national monuments, and museums, primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 177 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many international organizations, trade unions, non-profit, lobbying groups, and professional associations, including the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization of American States, AARP, the National Geographic Society, the Human Rights Campaign, the International Finance Corporation, and the American Red Cross.
A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973. However, Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D.C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, but the District has no representation in the Senate. The District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Air_and_Space_Museum
The National Air and Space Museum of the Smithsonian Institution, also called the NASM, is a museum in Washington, D.C.. It was established in 1946 as the National Air Museum and opened its main building on the National Mall near L'Enfant Plaza in 1976. In 2016, the museum saw approximately 7.5 million visitors, making it the third most visited museum in the world, and the most visited museum in the United States. The museum contains the Apollo 11 command module, the Friendship 7 capsule which was flown by John Glenn, Charles Lindbergh's Spirit of St. Louis, the Bell X-1 which broke the sound barrier, and the Wright brothers' plane near the entrance.
The National Air and Space Museum is a center for research into the history and science of aviation and spaceflight, as well as planetary science and terrestrial geology and geophysics. Almost all space and aircraft on display are originals or the original backup craft. It operates an annex, the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, at Dulles International Airport, which opened in 2003 and itself encompasses 760,000 square feet (71,000 m2). The museum currently conducts restoration of its collection at the Paul E. Garber Preservation, Restoration, and Storage Facility in Suitland, Maryland, while steadily moving such restoration and archival activities into the Mary Baker Engen Restoration Hangar, a part of the Udvar-Hazy annex facilities as of 2014.
The overflow crowd, seated in the Milestones of Flight gallery, are reflected in a replica of Sputnik 1.
A replica of Sputnik 1, the first Earth-orbiting artificial satellite, on display at National Space Centre in Leicester
Man's first satellite (from Russia with love) Oct., 1957. 23 inches in diameter, 183lbs. 96 minutes to orbit the earth. The United States Air Force Museum, Dayton, Ohio.
Réplica del Sputnik 1, primer satélite artificial
Museo de Ciencia de Londres www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/
2011.10.04. 54th anniversary of Sputnik 1 launch.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sputnik_1
Wallpapers:
dl.dropbox.com/u/9295019/04_10_2011.ZIP
Vector set:
Taken from the Cosmonauts: Birth of the Space Age exhibition at the Science Museum (September 2015 to March 2016).
Sputnik 1 (Replica)
Milestone:
First Artificial Satellite
Date of Milestone:
October 4, 1957
Spacecraft:
Sputnik 1
Mission Operated by:
USSR
Spacecraft Location:
Smithsonian Institution, National Air and Space Museum, Milestones of Flight Gallery
Sputnik 1 (or Спутник-1 in Cryllic) was the first articficial satellite launched into Earth orbit, accomplished by the Soviet Union on 4 October, 1957. It managed to emit its signals for 22 days, burning out on 26 October and then burning up in the atmosphere on 4 January 1958. That makes it pretty clear that the object hanging in the National Air and Space Museum is but a replica.
Sputnik doesn't bite, but he might give you a friendly nip every now and then. You can handle him, but I am not sure he really likes it.