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Franz Joseph I of Austria...Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867...audience with Emperor and offered him the most momentous discovery of all time...arrangement between the two governments and parliaments. by Hughes Songe

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During the summer of 1867 three clever Romualdo Roccatani, a Roman archpriestDo1 José Maroto Conde de Fresno y Landres, a Spanish grandee, and Colonel Don Antonio Jimenez de la Rosa, a Neapolitan chevalier. The possessors of these sonorous names had a secret process for turning silver into gold. They were shrewd enough to realize that Emperor Francis Joseph of Austria was, by dynastic tradition at least, keenly interested in alchemy. ues met in Paris: Arriving in Vienna they cleverly obtained an audience with the monarch and offered him the most momentous discovery of all time. In Mariposa, California, they told His Majesty, were natural deposits of white nuggets which contained gold formed from silver by the action of mercury and the heat of the sun. They continued: “This same process of transmutation may be brought about much more quickly by artificial methods, through giving the amalgam a specific gravity of 15.47. Thereby a process of nature is imitated when the silver amalgam is exposed to a greatly increased temperature." Francis Joseph made an initial payment of $10,000 for the secret, and assigned Professor Schrötter, discoverer of red phosphorus, to supervise a small-scale experiment in the laboratory of the Polytechnic. On October 17, 1867, two iron pots and two glass retorts were filled with silver amalgam and heated for four months. The vessels then cracked. No gold was found. Then, opportunely, the adventurers disappeared, thus cheating the gibbet of three distinguished victims. In the New World, too, soon after the founding of the Republic, alchemy had its adepts. “Father" George Rapp, a Pietist priest, in 1804 brought over five hundred of his followers from Württemberg, Germany, in search of religious freedom. They first settled in western Pennsylvania and later in the village of Harmonie, called Economy, which they founded on the Ohio River, 18 miles from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. They shared their work and possessions and at first the sect prospered. When Rapp died in 1847 the Utopian Society weakened and finally dissolved in 1905. Rapp conducted a secret school of alchemy consisting of a few disciples including three women. They worked in a well-equipped alchemical laboratory which even included a fume hood. Rapp was searching not for gold even though he used large quantities of cinnabar, the chief ore of mercury. Influenced by the writings of Paracelsus and Jacob Boehme, an alchemical mystic, Rapp invoked the aid of God in his religious quest for an elixir that would bring its adepts ultimate purity of mind. Old Economy is now a Pennsylvania State Museum. About the time that the Harmony Society was dissolved, a more venturesome alchemical enterprise was started by a Dr. Stephen H. Emmens. This English poet, novelist, logician, chemist, and metallurgist claimed to have discovered "argentaurum," a modern philosopher's stone which could augment the amount of gold in an alloy of gold and silver. Many fanciful stories about this undertaking appeared in the press, even though Dr. Emmens tried earnestly to surround his experiments with strictest secrecy. Much of what appeared in print was deceptive, but this we know the syndicate formed by the English adventurer sold to the United States Assay Office six ingots of an alloy weighing ten pounds which upon analysis showed the presence of gold and silver. The government paid him the sum of $954 for the metals, and Dr. Emmens straightway advanced this payment as proof of his astonishing success. For a moment the affair seemed to promise a recrudescence of alchemy.

The first dividends were paid, and Emmens even promised a public demonstration at the World Fair in 1900, which, however, never materialized. The whole scheme was a fraud and before long the name of Dr. Emmens was added to that long list of men and women who have gone down in the limbo of the past among the spectacular failures of history. Emperor Franz need after his political break a lot of money and go to The Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867 (German: Ausgleich, Hungarian: Kiegyezés) established the dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. The compromise put an end to the 18-year-long military dictatorship and absolutist rule over Hungary, which was introduced by Francis Joseph after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The Compromise partially re-established[1] the former sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hungary, however being separate from, but no longer subject to the Austrian Empire. The agreement also restored the old historic constitution of the Kingdom of Hungary.

The Hungarian political leaders had two main goals during the negotiations. One was to regain the traditional status (both legal and political) of the Hungarian state, which was lost after the Hungarian Revolution of 1848. The other was to restore the series of reform laws of the revolutionary parliament of 1848, which were based on the 12 points that established modern civil and political rights, economic and societal reforms in Hungary. Even the April Laws of the Hungarian revolutionary parliament (with the exception of the laws based on the 9th and 10th points) were restored by Francis Joseph. Under the Compromise, the lands of the House of Habsburg were reorganized as a real union between the Austrian Empire and the Kingdom of Hungary, headed by a single monarch who reigned as Emperor of Austria in the Austrian half of the empire, and as King of Hungary in Kingdom of Hungary. The Cisleithanian (Austrian) and Transleithanian (Hungarian) states were governed by separate parliaments and prime ministers. The two countries conducted unified foreign diplomatic and defense policies. For these purposes, "common" ministries of foreign affairs and defence were maintained under the monarch's direct authority, as was a third ministry responsible only for financing the two "common" portfolios. The compromise remained bitterly unpopular among the ethnic Hungarian voters, because ethnic Hungarians did not vote for the ruling pro-compromise parties in the Hungarian parliamentary elections. Therefore the political maintenance of the Austro-Hungarian Compromise (thus Austria-Hungary itself) was mostly a result of the popularity of pro-compromise ruling Liberal Party among the ethnic minority voters in Kingdom of Hungary.

According to Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria, "There were three of us who made the agreement: Deák, Andrássy and myself."

In the failed Hungarian Revolution of 1848, the Magyars came close to regaining independence and were defeated by the Austrian Empire only by the military intervention of the Russian Empire. After the restoration of Habsburg power, Hungary was placed under martial law.[ A military dictatorship was created in Hungary. Every aspect of Hungarian life was put under close scrutiny and governmental control. Prime Minister Prince Felix of Schwarzenberg and his government, operating from November 1848, pursued a radically new imperial policy. It wanted to develop a uniform empire in the spirit of the imperial constitution issued by Franz Joseph I in Olmütz on 4 March 1849, and as a result, Hungary's constitution and territorial integrity were abolished. The centralist March Constitution of Austria introduced the neo-absolutism in Habsburg ruled territories, and it provided absolute power for the monarch. The Austrian constitution was accepted by the Imperial Diet of Austria, in which Hungary had no representation and traditionally had no legislative power in the territory of Kingdom of Hungary; still, it also tried to abolish the Diet of Hungary, which existed as the legislative power in Hungary since the late 12th century. The new Austrian constitution also went against the historical constitution of Hungary and tried to nullify it.

German became the official language of public administration. An edict issued on 9 October 1849 placed education under state control, the curriculum was prescribed and controlled by the state, the teaching of national history was restricted and history was taught from a Habsburg viewpoint. Even the bastion of Hungarian culture, the Academy, was kept under control: the institution was staffed with foreigners, mostly Germans, and the institution was practically defunct until[clarification needed] the end of 1858.Hungarians responded with passive resistance. Anti-Habsburg and anti-German sentiments were strong. In the following years, the empire instituted several reforms but failed to resolve problems.

After the Hungarian revolution of 1848–49, the independent customs system of Hungary was abolished, and Hungary became part of the unified imperial customs system on 1 October 1851.

In 1866, Austria was completely defeated in the Austro-Prussian War. Its position as the leading state of Germany ended, and the remaining German minor states were soon absorbed into the German Empire, created by Prussia. Austria also lost much of its remaining claims and influence in Italy, which had been its chief foreign policy interest.

After a period of Greater German ambitions, when Austria tried to establish itself as the leading German power, Austria again needed to redefine itself to maintain unity in the face of nationalism.

As a consequence of the Second Italian War of Independence and the Austro-Prussian War, the Habsburg Empire was on the verge of collapse in 1866, as these wars caused monumental state debt and a financial crisis.The Habsburgs were forced to reconcile with Hungary, to save their empire and dynasty. The Habsburgs and part of the Hungarian political elite arranged the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867. The Compromise was arranged and legitimated by a very small part of the Hungarian society (suffrage was very limited: less than 8% of the population had voting rights), and was seen by a very large part of the population as betrayal of the Hungarian cause and the heritage of the 1848–49 War of Independence. This caused deep and lasting cracks in Hungarian society.

Hungarian statesman Ferenc Deák is considered the intellectual force behind the Compromise. Deák initially wanted independence for Hungary and supported the 1848 Revolution, but he broke with hardline nationalists and advocated a modified union under the Habsburgs. Deák believed that while Hungary had the right to full internal independence, the terms of the Pragmatic Sanction of 1723 made questions of defence and foreign affairs "common" to both Austria and Hungary. He also felt that Hungary benefited from continued union with wealthier, more industrialized Austria and that the Compromise would end the continual pressures on Austria to choose between the Magyars and the Slavs of the Kingdom of Hungary.[34] Imperial Chancellor Beust quickly negotiated the Compromise with the Hungarian leaders. Beust was particularly eager to renew the conflict with Prussia and thought a quick settlement with Hungary would make that possible. Franz Joseph and Deák signed the Compromise, and it was ratified by the restored Diet of Hungary on 29 May 1867. Beust's revenge against Prussia did not materialize. When, in 1870, Beust wanted Austria–Hungary to support France against Prussia, Hungarian Prime Minister Gyula Andrássy was "vigorously opposed" and effectively vetoed Austrian intervention.

The settlement with Hungary consisted then of three parts: the political settlement, which was to be permanent and would remain part of the fundamental constitution of the monarchy; the periodical financial settlement, determining the partition of the common expenses as arranged by the Quota-Deputations and ratified by the parliaments; and the Customs Union and the agreement on currency, a voluntary, reversible arrangement between the two governments and parliaments.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austro-Hungarian_Compromise_of_1867

Following the accession of Franz Joseph to the throne in 1848, the political representatives of the Kingdom of Bohemia hoped and insisted that account should be taken of their historical state rights in the upcoming constitution. They felt the position of Bohemia within the Habsburg Monarchy should have been highlighted by a coronation of the new ruler to the king of Bohemia in Prague (the last coronation took place in 1836). However before the 19th century the Habsburgs had ruled Bohemia by hereditary right and a separate coronation was not deemed necessary.

His new government installed the system of neoabsolutism in Austrian internal affairs to make the Austrian Empire a unitary, centralised and bureaucratically administered state. When Franz Joseph returned to constitutional rule after the debacles in Italy at Magenta and Solferino and summoned the diets of his lands, the question of his coronation as king of Bohemia again returned to the agenda, as it had not since 1848. On 14 April 1861, Emperor Franz Joseph received a delegation from the Bohemian Diet with his words (in Czech):

"I will have myself crowned King of Bohemia in Prague, and I am convinced that a new, indissoluble bond of trust and loyalty between My throne and My Bohemian Kingdom will be strengthened by this holy rite.

The main foreign policy goal of Franz Joseph had been the unification of Germany under the House of Habsburg.] This was justified on grounds of precedence; from 1452 to the end of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, with only one period of interruption under the Wittelsbachs, the Habsburgs had generally held the German crown.However, Franz Joseph's desire to retain the non-German territories of the Habsburg Austrian Empire in the event of German unification proved problematic.If Greater Germany were to prevail, the crown would necessarily have to go to Franz Joseph, who had no desire to cede it in the first place to anyone else.On the other hand, if the idea of a smaller Germany won out, the German crown could of course not possibly go to the Emperor of Austria, but would naturally be offered to the head of the largest and most powerful German state outside of Austria—the King of Prussia. The contest between the two ideas, quickly developed into a contest between Austria and Prussia. After Prussia decisively won the Seven Weeks War, this question was solved; Austria lost no territories to Prussia as long as they remained out of German affairs.Franz Joseph's German identity was made explicitly clear during a meeting in August 1908 between himself and Edward VII when the latter tried to persuade him to abandon Austria-Hungary's alliance with Germany for co-operation with England; Franz Joseph replied that he was a "loyal ally" and said "I am a German prince.

During the mid-1870s a series of violent rebellions against Ottoman rule broke out in the Balkans, and the Turks responded with equally violent and oppressive reprisals. Tsar Alexander II of Russia, wanting to intervene against the Ottomans, sought and obtained an agreement with Austria-Hungary.

In 1908, the Russian foreign minister, Alexander Izvolsky, offered Russian support, for the third time, for the annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina by Austria-Hungary, in exchange for Austrian support for the opening of the Bosporus Strait and the Dardanelles to Russian warships. Austria's foreign minister, Alois von Aehrenthal, pursued this offer vigorously, resulting in the quid pro quo understanding with Izvolsky, reached on 16 September 1908 at the Buchlau Conference. However, Izvolsky made this agreement with Aehrenthal without the knowledge of Tsar Nicholas II or his government in St. Petersburg, or any of the other foreign powers including Britain, France and Serbia. Based upon the assurances of the Buchlau Conference and the treaties that preceded it, Franz Joseph signed the proclamation announcing the annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina into the Empire on 6 October 1908. However a diplomatic crisis erupted, as both the Serbs and the Italians demanded compensation for the annexation, which the Austro-Hungarian government refused to entertain. The incident was not resolved until the revision of the Treaty of Berlin in April 1909, exacerbating tensions between Austria-Hungary and the Serbs.

On 28 June 1914 Franz Joseph's nephew and heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and his morganatic wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, were assassinated by Gavrilo Princip, a Yugoslav nationalist of Serbian ethnicity, during a visit to Sarajevo. When he heard the news of the assassination, Franz Joseph said that "one has not to defy the Almighty. In this manner a superior power has restored that order which I unfortunately was unable to maintain.",While the emperor was shaken, and interrupted his holiday to return to Vienna, he soon resumed his vacation at his imperial villa at Bad Ischl. Initial decision-making during the "July Crisis" fell to Count Leopold Berchtold, the Austrian foreign minister; Count Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, the chief of staff for the Austro-Hungarian army and the other ministers.The ultimate resolution of deliberations by the Austrian government during the weeks following the assassination of the Archduke was to give Serbia an ultimatum of itemized demands with which it was virtually certain Serbia would be unable or unwilling to comply, thus serving as a "legal basis for war." However, the general movement toward war with Serbia was already in motion prior to assassination of the Archduke as evidenced by a 14 June memo of Berchtold recommending the "elimination of Serbia" as a state, which Franz Joseph expressed agreement with in a letter delivered to Kaiser Wilhelm II in Berlin on 5 July. In that letter, Franz Joseph "...explicitly stated that the decision for war against Serbia had been made before the assassination of the Archduke, and that the events of Sarajevo only confirmed the already pre-existing need for a war.",A week after delivery of the Austrian ultimatum to Serbia, on 28 July, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia. Within weeks, the Germans, Russians, French and British had all entered the fray which eventually became known as World War I. On 6 August, Franz Joseph signed the declaration of war against Russia.

Franz Joseph died in the Schönbrunn Palace on the evening of 21 November 1916, at the age of 86. His death was a result of developing pneumonia of the right lung several days after catching a cold while walking in Schönbrunn Park with the King of Bavaria. He was succeeded by his grandnephew Charles I, who reigned until the collapse of the Empire following its defeat in 1918.

He is buried in the Imperial Crypt in Vienna, where flowers are still left by monarchists

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Joseph_I_of_Austria

"The essence of chess is thinking about what chess is." - Bronstein #chessquote #philosopherstone #thinking #chess #essence by Webster McN

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Cyclopean masonry…The Stone Portals in Saint Remy of Provence… born city of Nostradamus…. Did Giants Harness the Power of Magnets? by Hughes Songe

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“Did Druidic get Levitate the Stones into Place?

The pyramid stones used to make Pyramid are enormous and weigh, on average, about 15 tons each. Two very large stone monoliths are each 25 feet in height. All of the stones are carefully set together and held in place by gravity instead of mortar. The attention to detail and the craftsmanship is impressive…it is impossible to catch a glimmer of light between each stone because they fit so tightly together. From early one, Nostradamus was fascinated by magnets. In fact, he claimed to have contracted terminal tuberculosis as a young adult but was completely cured through the power of magnets. One of the legends surrounding the Pyramid hints that Nostradamus used reverse magnetism to move the heavy rocks. Leedskalnin even told people that he had an in-depth understanding of the laws of gravity, leverage and weight and that he had “discovered the secrets of the pyramids,” implying that magnetism was used by the ancient Egyptians to construct the Great Pyramid of Giza.

In the meantime years that Druids or Giant cyclopean Masson worked to build the Pyramid , he never allowed anyone to see him work. In fact, he did most of his work after dark. One time, a few local teens spied on Giants one night. They reported that Giants was able to make giant stones float in the air and move into place by levitation. When Lolo Mauron was asked what kinds of tools he used, he only ever referred to something he called a “perpetual motion holder.” This is exactly how Druidic divination works. The oral tradition explains this concept using a sequence of stories involving streams, stones, floating sticks, and flowers. The stream represents the time continuum, thrown stones illustrate the event ripples, and the floating sticks and flowers demonstrate the passage of time. It isn't possible for me to do the same without p snos muu making this section a much too lengthy instruction manual. This may be an appropriate moment to reflect on why the tradition has always been taught on a one-to-one contextual learning basis, involving an intimate relationship between teacher and learner and using the gifts of nature and the dynamic elements as learning tools. Being able to use the written word and line drawings is a very useful means of communicating, and I hope to have used them effectively in my explanation, but I am left feeling very aware of the difference in the two styles and disappointed that the reader cannot enjoy the same personal, natural experience that I benefited from in my early days. Unfortunately, this is not possible. What we need. then, is a methodologv for training our senses to carrying the philosopher stone?

“Plato’s motto “God geometrises” was accepted by both Aryans and Jews [SD3, 63]

“Moses was an initiated priest, versed in all the mysteries and the Occult knowledge of the Egyptian temples - hence thoroughly acquainted with primitive Wisdom. It is in the latter that the symbolical and astronomical meaning of that “Mystery of Mysteries,” the Great Pyramid, has to be sought. And having been so familiar with the geometrical secrets that lay concealed for long aeons in her strong bosom - the measurements and proportions of the Kosmos, our little Earth included - what wonder that he should have made use of his knowledge?” [SD3, 66]

“Moses utilised his knowledge of cosmogonical mysteries of the Pyramid, to build upon it the Genesiacal Cosmogony in symbols and glyphs.” [SD3, 67]

“When Josephus declares that Abraham taught Mathematics he meant by it “Magic,” for in the Pythagorean code Mathematics mean Esoteric Science, or Gnosis.” [SD3, 45]

Cyclopean masonry is a type of stonework found in Mycenaean architecture, built with massive limestone boulders, roughly fitted together with minimal clearance between adjacent stones and with clay mortar or no use of mortar. The boulders typically seem unworked, but some may have been worked roughly with a hammer and the gaps between boulders filled in with smaller chunks of limestone. Before publication of The Secret Doctrine in 1888, the most part of its concepts were kept secret, as those which in former times and still are preserved by Hindu pundits, Egypt hierophants, Druids, Mayan priests, etc.

“Professor Wilder remarks: The Essenes of Judea and Carmel made similar distinctions, dividing their adherents into neophytes, brethren and the perfect ... Ammonius obligated his disciples by oath not to divulge his higher doctrines, except to those who had been thoroughly instructed and exercised [prepared for initiation]. [New Platonism and Alchemy, 1869. pp. 7.9.] One of the most powerful reasons for the necessity of strict secrecy is given by Jesus Himself, if one may credit Matthew. For there the Master is made to say plainly: Give not that which is holy unto the dogs, neither cast ye your pearls before swine; lest they trample them under their feet, and turn again and rend you.[ vii.6.]” [SD3, 45]

The famous examples of Cyclopean masonry is found in Saint-Remy-de-Provence, and the style is characteristic of earth’s acupuncture . Similar styles of stonework are found in other cultures and the term has come to be used to describe typical stonework of this sort, such as the old menhir. “Ammonius, speaking of his philosophy, taught that their school dated from the days of Hermes, who brought this wisdom from India. It was the same mystical contemplation throughout as that of the Yogin: the communion of the Brahman with his own luminous Self - the “Atman.” [SD3, 111]

“And when we say, indiscriminately, "India," we do not mean the India of our modern days, but that of the archaic period. In those ancient times countries which are now known to us by other names were all called India. There was an Upper, a Lower, and a Western India, the latter of which is now Persia-Iran. The countries now named Thibet, Mongolia, and Great Tartary, were also considered by the ancient writers as India. We will now give a legend in relation to those places which science now fully concedes to have been the cradle of humanity. [IU1, 589]

“Unwilling that his chosen people - chosen by him – should remain as grossly idolatrous as the profane masses that surrounded them, Moses utilised his knowledge of cosmogonical mysteries of the Pyramid, to build upon it the Genesiacal Cosmogony in symbols and glyphs. This was more accessible to the minds of the hoi polloi than the abstruse truths taught to the educated in the sanctuaries. He invented nothing but the outward garb, added not one iota; but in this he merely followed the example of older nations and Initiates. If he clothed the grand truths revealed to him by his Hierophant under the most ingenious imagery, he did it to meet the requirements of the Israelites; that stiff-necked race would accept no God unless He were as anthropomorphic as those of the Olympus; and he himself failed to foresee the times when highly educated statesmen would be defending the husks of the fruit of wisdom that grew and developed in him on Mount Sinai, when communing with his own personal God - his divine Self. Moses understood the great danger of delivering such truths to the selfish, for he understood the fable of Prometheus and remembered the past. Hence, he veiled them from the profanation of public gaze and gave them out allegorically...” [SD3, 67]

The term comes from the belief of Classical Greek that only the mythical Cyclopes had the strength to move the enormous boulders that made up the walls of Mycenae and Tiryns. Pliny's Natural History reported the tradition attributed to Aristotle, that the Cyclopes were the inventors of masonry towers, giving rise to the designation " Probably cyclops was atlantean people.

The walls are usually founded in extremely shallow beddings carved out of the bedrock. "Cyclopean", the term normally applied to the masonry style characteristic of Mycenaean fortification systems, describes walls built of huge, unworked limestone boulders which are roughly fitted together. Between these boulders, smaller chunks of limestone fill the interstices. The exterior faces of the large boulders may be roughly hammer-dressed, but the boulders themselves are never carefully cut blocks. Very large boulders are typical of the Mycenaean walls at Mycenae, Tiryns, Argos, Krisa (in Phocis), and the Acropolis of Athens. Somewhat smaller boulders occur in the walls of Midea, whereas large limestone slabs are characteristic of the walls at Gla. Cut stone masonry is used only in and around gateways, conglomerate at Mycenae and Tiryns and perhaps both conglomerate and limestone at Argos.

«Apart from this, every cosmogony, from the earliest to the latest, is based upon interlinked with, and most closely related to numerals and geometric figures. Questioned by an Initiate, these figures and

numbers will yield numerical values based on the integral values of the Circle - “the secret habitat of the ever invisible Deity” as the Alchemists have it – as they will yield every other Occult particular connected with such mysteries, whether anthropographical, anthropological, cosmic, or psychical. “In reuniting Ideas to Numbers, we can operate upon Ideas in the same way as upon Numbers, and arrive at the Mathematics of Truth,” writes an Occultist, who shows his great wisdom in desiring to remain unknown.

Any Kabalist well acquainted with the Pythagorean system of numerals and geometry can demonstrate that the metaphysical views of Plato were based upon the strictest mathematical principles. “True mathematics,” says the Magicon, “is something with which all higher sciences are connected; common mathematics is but a deceitful phantasmagoria, whose much praised infallibility only arises from this - that materials, conditions and references are made to foundation.”

The cosmological theory of numerals which Pythagoras learned in India, and from the Egyptian Hierophants, is alone able to reconcile the two units, matter and spirit, and cause each to demonstrate the

other mathematically. The sacred numbers of the universe in their esoteric combination can alone solve the great problem, and explain the theory of radiation and the cycle of the emanations. The lower orders, before they develop into higher ones, must emanate from the higher spiritual ones, and when arrived at the turning-point, be reabsorbed into the infinite. [IU1, 6]

“It is upon these true Mathematics that the knowledge of the Kosmos and of all mysteries rests, and to one acquainted with them, it is the easiest thing possible to prove that both Vaidic and Biblical structures are based upon “God-in-Nature” and “Nature-in-God,” as the radical law. Therefore, this law – as everything else immutable and fixed in eternity - could find a correct expression only in those purest transcendental Mathematics referred to by Plato, especially in Geometry as transcendentally applied. Revealed to men - we fear not and will not retract the expression - in this geometrical and symbolical garb, Truth has grown and developed into additional symbology, invented by man for the wants and better comprehension of the masses of mankind that came too late in their cyclic development and evolution to have shared in the primitive knowledge, and would never have grasped it otherwise...” [SD3, 63]

“As Pythagoras showed, Kosmos was produced not through or by number, but geometrically, i.e., following the proportions of numbers. [SD3, 364]

“Plato’s motto “God geometrises” was accepted by both Aryans and Jews [SD3, 63]

Historical accounts

Pausanias described the Cyclopean walls of Mycenae and Tiryns:

There still remain, however, parts of the city wall [of Mycenae], including the gate, upon which stand lions. These, too, are said to be the work of the Cyclopes, who made for Proetus the wall at Tiryns. (2.16.5) Going on from here and turning to the right, you come to the ruins of Tiryns. ... The wall, which is the only part of the ruins still remaining, is a work of the Cyclopes made of unwrought stones, each stone being so big that a pair of mules could not move the smallest from its place to the slightest degree. Long ago small stones were so inserted that each of them binds the large blocks firmly together.(2.25.8)

Difference between ashlar masonry (left) and Cyclopean masonry (right), shown in the blue rectangle; Lion Gate, Mycenae, 13th century BCE

Modern archaeologists use "Cyclopean" in a more restricted sense than the description by Pausanias; while Pausanias attributes all of the fortifications of Tiryns and Mycenae, including the Lion Gate, to the Cyclopes, only parts of these walls are built in Cyclopean masonry. The accompanying photograph shows the difference between Cyclopean masonry (shown in the blue rectangle), and the ashlar masonry of the Lion Gate.

Locations of Cyclopean structures

The entrance of a Mycenaean citadel in the Bronze Age, Lion Gate. It demonstrated the monumentalizing occurring in Greece and showed the power of the citadel.

Apart from the Tirynthian and Mycenaean walls, other Cyclopean structures include some beehive tombs in Greece and the fortifications of a number of Mycenean sites, most famously at Gla.

In Sicily there are many Cyclopean structures especially in Erice, in the western part of the island.

cura.free.fr/13+/1709sergey.pdf

In Cyprus, the Kition archaeological site in present-day Larnaca, has revealed cyclopean walls. In the ancient city of Rājagṛha (now Rajgir, Bihar, India), cyclopean walls can be seen.

The Nuraghe of Bronze age Sardinia also are described as being constructed in cyclopean masonry, as are some of the constructions of the Talaiot culture abounding on Menorca and present to a lesser extent on Mallorca.

One of the largest and least known is the "acropolis" in Alatri, an hour south of Rome. It also seems to have a portal the summer solstice sun shines and some think it is also has a number of other astronomical significant points to it. It is thought to be the second largest in Europe after Athens.

It is typical for scholars to consider quite narrow classes of artefacts that may be related to Stone Portals. As a result, there exists neither a common terminology, nor a classification even for the objects of similar types, for example – for labyrinths. Meanwhile, an introducing of terminology and classification of artefacts of the respective types should not be considered as an end in itself, but as an instrument for analysis of Stone Portals. From this point of view it makes sense to classify the artefacts associated with the Stone Portals by taking into account their functional, geometric, astronomical and other types of properties.

This approach allows us to consider a great scope of heterogeneous characteristics and order them (and thus – the classes) as it is required for a specific study, though in some cases this approach may cause an object to appear in several classes – as in a classed catalogue in a library presenting an example of non- excluding classification.

With this in mind, we propose a hierarchical classification that divides the Stone Portals into classes and sub-classes, starting with the most distinctive features and proceeding with more peculiar characteristics. In parallel, we systematize the terminology.

* Classes of artefacts that are considered in this study relative to their generalized exterior For the initial distinctive feature we single out the generalized exterior of Stone Portals. This

characteristic defines the following three principal types of artefacts.

 Edifice – a Semi-buried stone construction with a roof and subsurface room(s); for example: pyramid

(as a rule – with internal passages), passage mound, cave temple, etc.

 Dike – a distributed roofless stone structure on the ground – a kind of barrier in which the stones are disposed in rows that follow definite linear pattern. As a particular case, dike presents a petroform; but the latter term assumes too wide spectrum of meanings, since apart from boulder outline the p

and etroforms can also include a rock cairn, an upright monolith

slab, a medicine wheel, a fire pit, sculpted boulders, or simply rocks lined up or stacked for various reasons. Old World petroforms include the Carnac stones many other megalithic monuments.

The size of the stones may vary, but in general, these are used the detached megaliths (in cromlechs), boulders that touch one another without mortar (in labyrinths, stone circles and medicine wheels), and pebbles (in concentric stone circles and medicine wheels).

In the kindred types of dikes the barrier may be marked by a ditch or rampart.

A linear pattern, in which the lines of stones of dike are allocated, is called grapheme (e.g. a spiral). It is assumed that this pattern may contain several points which stand for detached objects; e.g. – for cairns.

Notice, that the geometrical and metrological aspects of mapping of artefact design in a linear pattern present an important problem which is considered in Caps.5, 8, and 9.

 Image (symbol) – a portable (e.g. pendant) or solitary stationary object which presents a linear pattern which mimics a grapheme of some dike. It may be represented by a painting, carving, mosaic, etc. The most ancient and thus the most important specimens among them are petroglyphs – the images that are created by removing part of a rock surface by engraving or carving.

The main types of these graphemes present the well-known esoteric symbols being inherent in different cults; for distinctness these specific images are also called symbols.

 Spirc. Essentially, the dikes, and thus – the images, which are considered in this study have the graphemes that are predominantly characterized by the patterns which, to a first approximation, present a composition of Spirals, radii and (concentric) circles. For this reason these patterns were given the collective name Spircs.

Therefore, as far as each non-edifice artefact is uniquely specified by its grapheme, the considered types of dikes and images, although they present different types of physical objects, may jointly be classified by their graphemes, and more exactly – by spircs which distinguish them from artefacts of cognate types. As well, a dike or image may also be called spirc if it is considered from the viewpoint of its geometry.

***

With this approach, we obtain an efficient tool for subsequent classification of Stone Portals like dikes and images since they may further be divided into classes (spirals, circles, double spirals, etc.) so that each class is characterized by a definite grapheme. In this case a grapheme serves as a geometrical (or rather – topological) identity card for the respective classes of both dikes and images. Further on, the artefacts of these classes are classified with respect to their geometric and other peculiarities.

Moreover, if a grapheme has some esoteric significance, this meaning is attributed to all artefacts of the respective class, regardless whether it is a dike or image; in other words, the symbolic property of an artefact as a whole is specified by its grapheme.

In such a way, both geometrically and symbolically, a grapheme presents an important characteristic of all types of artefacts which we consider as Stone Portals. All together this justifies the use of the collective name “spirc” in relation to all types of Stone Portals, with the exception of the edifices.

Besides, it is important that this approach does not present a thing in itself, since the topological peculiarities correspond to Esoterical features of the Portals and, together with the geometrical and metrological properties, show the unity of these models for different cultures and even continents. Namely, it will be shown below that the considered types of artefacts (including edifices) were used as Portals – mostly for the same purposes and within the same system of Esoterical concepts.

Furthermore, these three classes of artefacts are associated not only with the physical cult objects, but also with the respective abstract concepts of world view and religious nature; for describing these correlations it is required to specify more exactly those aspects of the ancient cults which we have to take into consideration in study of Portals, and how the typical material forms in which those cults were embodied correlate with the principal classes of Stone Portals.

For the most of advanced ancient cultures the knowledge that may be related to scientific attainments was inseparable from spirituality; from this point of view these two aspect of those cultures should rather be considered as a single whole – a world view. From this point of view disregarding of either of these aspects of a world view in study of Stone Portals is devoid of sense.

Indeed, on the one hand, an analysis of even smaller forms (like labyrinths and stone circles) shows that their designs were not random: neither geometrically, nor metrologically. Much more nontrivial mathematical and astronomical models were integrated in the greater forms like passage mounds and pyramids, and in various continents.

On the other hand, it is known that a significant part of analytical properties was associated with various spiritual considerations – religious (for masses) or Esoterical (for initiates) ones. An analysis of records, myths, legends and other sources, as well as the direct evidences show it undoubtedly that all over the world the handmade Stone Portals were the attributes of various cults, within the rituals of which they were used by the priests as the means that contributed to getting in contact with the creatures and forces of “other world” for achieving both spiritual and pragmatic goals. At this, some of the artefacts of this type were used as the places for conducting the rituals (Temples and Shrines), and others – as the cult images that assisted in carrying the rituals into effect or were intended for personal use (e.g. amulets).

From Esoteric point of view, this means that the Portals were virtually used as the occult “instruments” for accomplishing an interaction with the beings and energies of subtle planes (astral, et al.).

As far as these basic notions are used in the subsequent consideration, define their meaning more exactly.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclopean_masonry

Birth of the mysterious Alchemical Sentinels / Naissance de mystérieuses Sentinelles Alchimiques DDC_9663 by thierry ehrmann

5 1

Birth of the mysterious Alchemical Sentinels

3 months working day and night with an exceptional “dream team"… a big thank you to ACS, Luc, my trusty Giant who could lift a juggernaut onto a balcony (QED Thierry Loir) Thomas Cart'1, Goin, and of course Marc for the paints.

I have managed to set up my installation of 99 raw steel sculptures with an incredibly demanding specification: none of the 3600 work on the DDC site were to be hidden… we had to think about power sources, water crossings, access for construction machinery including the telescopic booms (3m wide)… public safety, ERP museum standards, etc, ... constantly alternating between the visible and the invisible...

Are they inhabited? I don’t know. One thing is certain: each sentinel stands as a unique sculpture in terms of its alchemical elements and paintwork (either with anti-rust paint or voluntarily with paints that do not resist rust). This autumn, each sentinel will reveal – with the acid rain – different interpretations, depending on the paints and solvents used, making each one different, with stratifications that future archaeologists will decipher.

But my most perilous challenge was to create a giant (9000 m²) installation that envelops the Abode of Chaos with dozens of tons of steel, so that my visitors, from any angle, enter a dreamlike fantasy and where the world of the Abode of Chaos on the one hand and that of the 99 monumental sculptures (named "Alchemical Sentinels" during an extremely busy night ) intersect like the Inframince defined by Marcel Duchamp (or, how to build intensities by subtraction).

These 99 Alchemical Sentinels are now the guardians of the Sanctuary that the Abode of Chaos has become. I designed them as veritable quantum energy wells that we placed with patience and wisdom at different spots all over the Abode of Chaos.

There are 99 in total, made of 10mm rough steel (50 tons), welded to form perfect equilateral triangles. Each of the three sides constituting an Alchemical Sentinel is itself cut to reveal a meurtrière, again in the shape of an equilateral triangle, presenting a superb Euclidean geometry to the visitor.

These 99 Alchemical Sentinels are each placed at specific energy points on the 9000 m² of the Abode of Chaos. Some are hidden by vegetation or natural landforms or are placed in relation to existing works. Others are located in our private and professionals spaces.

In my alchemical work that began on 9 December 1999, the three gates arranged in an equilateral triangle with one vertex pointing upwards, form the luminous delta. They represent the three elements that alchemists work with. These three elements are sulphur, mercury and salt.

Note that the three elements found in the Prima Materia (or Alchemical Chaos) are very closely related. The point triangle is also the symbol of the fire philosophers.

The equilateral triangle resting on its base – like the three points – is the symbol of the fire element, one of the four elements that the alchemist works with in the laboratory.

The geometric properties of the equilateral triangle evoke absolute perfection by their spiritual strength and their age-old symbolism going back to ancient Egypt… strength, beauty and harmony.

They will remain for a thousand years as witnesses to a civilization lost through the folly of men.

thierry Ehrmann

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3 mois de travail jour et nuit, une "dream team" hors du commun, un grand merci à ACS, Luc, mon fidèle Géant qui poserait un 38 T. sur un balcon (cqfd Thierry Loir) Thomas, Cart'1, Goin et bien sûr Marc pour les peintures.

Je suis arrivé à poser mon installation de 99 sculptures d'acier brut avec un cahier des charges de ouf, aucune des 3600 œuvres de la DDC ne devaient être occultées, penser aux sources électriques, les passages d'eau, les voies de transport pour engin de chantier, les nacelles télescopiques (3m de large), protéger le grand public, respecter les normes ERP muséales, etc… Alterner en permanence monstration et effacement…

Sont-elles habitées ? Je l'ignore. Une chose certaine est que chacune, par les éléments alchimiques et les codes peints soit à l'antirouille soit volontairement avec des peintures dégradables par la rouille avec le temps, rend chaque sentinelle comme une sculpture unique. Cet automne chaque sentinelle va laisser apparaître, avec les pluies acides, différents niveaux de lecture, selon les peintures et solvants utilisés, les rendant singulières avec des stratifications que les archéologues des temps futurs décrypteront...

Mais mon défi le plus périlleux, était de créer une installation géante de 9000 m2 qui enveloppe, par des dizaines de tonnes d'acier, la Demeure du Chaos pour que mes visiteurs sur 360 degrés, plongent dans un univers onirique et fantasmagorique où les deux univers que sont la Demeure du Chaos d'une part et d'autre part l'installation des 99 sculptures monumentales (baptisées par une nuit très agitée "Sentinelles Alchimiques") s'entrecroisent selon l'Inframince définit par Marcel Duchamp (ou comment construire des intensités par soustraction).

Ces 99 Sentinelles Alchimiques sont désormais les gardiennes du Sanctuaire que représente la Demeure du Chaos. Je les ai conçus comme de véritable puits d’énergie quantique que je pose avec patience et sagesse sur l’ensemble de la Demeure du Chaos.

Elles sont au nombre de 99, faites d’acier brut de 10 mm (50 tonnes) soudées pour former un triangle équilatéral parfait. Chacun des 3 pans constituant une Sentinelle Alchimique, est lui même découpé pour laisser entrevoir une mystérieuse meurtrière, elle même en forme de triangle équilatéral, donnant ainsi une géométrie Euclidienne au regard du visiteur.

Ces 99 Sentinelles Alchimiques sont chacune à des points d’énergie particuliers de la Demeure du Chaos sur 9000 m2. Certaines se dissimulent par la végétation ou les reliefs naturels ou bien en écho aux autres œuvres, d’autres sont dans les espaces privatifs ou professionnels.

Dans mon travail alchimique démarré le 9 décembre 1999, les trois portes disposées en triangle équilatéral, dont un sommet est dirigé vers le haut, forment le delta lumineux. Elle sont les trois corps sur lesquels l’alchimiste va œuvrer. Ces trois corps sont le soufre, le mercure et le sel.

Soulignons que les trois corps présents dans la Materia Prima ou Chaos alchimique sont étroitement mélangés. Le triangle de point est aussi la marque des philosophes par le feu.

Le triangle équilatéral reposant sur sa base, à la manière des trois points, est le symbole de l’élément feu, l’un des quatre éléments avec lequel l’alchimiste travaille au laboratoire.

Les propriétés géométriques du triangle équilatéral relèvent de la perfection absolue par sa force spirituelle, son symbolisme de la nuit des temps notamment dans l’ancienne Egypte, il est force, beauté et harmonie.

Elles resteront durant mille ans comme les témoins d’une civilisation disparue par la folie des hommes

thierry Ehrmann

Birth of the mysterious Alchemical Sentinels / Naissance de mystérieuses Sentinelles Alchimiques _1000254_0820 by thierry ehrmann