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Drain tiling is the placement of polyethylene (a type of plastic) tubing below the surface of the ground for the purpose of draining excess water from the surface or subsurface of an agricultural field (in this instance).
For the agricultural producer, some of the intended benefits are: more area to crop (less water-covered), earlier into the field to plant (dries out quicker), don't have to drive around potholes when running equipment (more economical, saves fuel and overlap), better yields with less crops "drowning out", and tiling can be a tool to minimize crop losses due to increased salinity (high amount of "salts" in the soils due to other farming practices and high water tables). These benefits are not always guaranteed.
What about the unintended consequences that are (in many times) passed on to neighbors, other parts of the country, or won't take place until the future?
Some of these effects are: Loss of some nutrient and chemical filtration (these waters trickle through only a little soil before they are in the pipe and drained into a large lake or river), loss of wildlife habitat, loss of groundwater recharge for aquifers and those that get their water from wells, and potential contribution to increased flooding and pollution of neighbor's lands and/or rivers during spring flood season or after large rain events.
Normally, these waters would slowly seep down into the ground to recharge aquifers or would evaporate into the air. When drained, these waters reach streams or rivers in a matter of hours or days, increasing the flow of the river. Because these waters also have less filtration through the soil, they are direct routes for extra soil nutrients such as nitrates to get into rivers and lakes that serve as water supplies for towns and cities downstream.
"The traditional way to get rich is to transfer your costs to someone else." --whether to your neighbor, the taxpayer, or the generations that follow your own.
-from the article "Plowed Under"
prospect.org/article/plowed-under
Photo Credit: Krista Lundgren/USFWS
Assignment: PCA 43 "Pattern"
Deadline: October 19th, 2008
Image Tag: pca43
From: Judy Knesel
Mission:
Pattern and repetition is used in many of the arts, like poetry and music for example. We are attracted to visual patterns because they are oddly comforting. Our emotional response is aroused when a single design element is multiplied into a repeated pattern.
Pattern is in so many things around us that sometimes we just don't notice it any more. Your mission is to stretch your imagination and post a wall-worthy photo of pattern that is either created by you or found in life around you. But no buildings.
Here is a good article on pattern and some ideas for inspiration.
www.ephotozine.com/article/Patterns-and-textures
WIT
Well I have to dust sometime... and whilst I did that I lifted this fan and thought pattern!
This is a b&w conversion of the original colour (unexciting) version. I gave it a warm tint. Then I tweaked the levels to accentuate the lines and give that sunburst feeling. Slight contrast and sharpening and that was that. I tried it in colour - I tried it with a colour layer behind, I tried it in front of the TV - nice colours, but I lopped off too much of the fan (drat!). So this is the one I settled for.
K8
All rights reserved. Please do not use or reproduce this image on websites, blogs or any other media without my explicit permission.
Soon I'll be offering this pattern for sale! It's really for a baby - not for a cat. I just lack the cute baby for the photo shoot!
28 FREE patterns for crochet slippers --> wonderfuldiy.com/wonderful-diy-crochet-hello-kitty-slippers/
Pattern is one of my favorites but now out of print. fabric is a nice, soft shirting from the 2.95 pile at G Street Fabrics.
Walking back from the Acropolis area in Athens, Greece, I spotted this pattern from the fence on a random building. I couldn't help but capture it, as I'm rather attracted to patterns.
Lovely patterned post this morning - goodies ordered from Summersville on Etsy.
Blogged: bugsandfishes.blogspot.com/2010/07/sale-shopping.html