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An innovative process that quickly turns human stem cells into millions of pain-sensing nerve cells could help researchers speed up the search for new pain therapies. Developed by NCATS scientists, this approach may be a template for other kinds of specialized human cells that are hard to make in large numbers. Read more: go.nih.gov/LyLP5NZ
Image shows pain-receptor neurons stained green and red to show cellular activity.
Credit: Tao Deng, NCATS Stem Cell Translation Laboratory, NIH
Along with blood vessels (red) and nerve cells (green), this mouse brain shows abnormal protein clumps known as plaques (blue). These plaques multiply in the brains of people with Alzheimer's disease and are associated with the memory impairment characteristic of the disease. Because mice have genomes nearly identical to our own, they are used to study both the genetic and environmental factors that trigger Alzheimer's disease. Experimental treatments are also tested in mice to identify the best potential therapies for human patients.
Credit: Alvin Gogineni, Genentech
Life Magnified: www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/10_alzhe...
These developing mouse nerve cells have a nucleus (yellow) surrounded by a cell body, with long extensions called axons and thin branching structures called dendrites. Electrical signals travel from the axon of one cell to the dendrites of another.
Credit: Torsten Wittmann, University of California, San Francisco
Life Magnified: www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/11B_deve...
This live-action video highlights the movement of a young fruit fly’s proprioceptive nerve cells, which send signals to the fly brain that are essential for tracking the body’s position in space and coordinating movement. The colors indicate the depth of the nerve cells inside the body, showing those at the surface (orange) and those further within (blue).
Read more: directorsblog.nih.gov/2019/04/04/finding-beauty-in-the-ne...
Credit: Elizabeth Hillman, Wesley Grueber, Rebecca Vaadia, Wenze Li and Venkatakaushik Voleti
NIH support from: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
The best way to study something is usually to look at it directly, but that can be difficult when it comes to studying nerve cells. That’s why a team of NIH researchers developed a way to take cells from an animal’s or person’s skin and turn them into stem cells, which can then be coaxed to develop into sensory neurons like this one. The process enables researchers to directly examine the behavior of neurons with the same #genes as the skin cells’ original donor.
Credit: NCCIH/NIH
This image shows nerve cells from an embryonic rat growing in a Petri dish. On the bottom left is a dorsal root ganglion (dark purple), which is a cluster of sensory nerve bodies normally found just outside the spinal cord. To the right are the nuclei (light purple) and axons (green) of motor neurons, which are the nerve cells involved in forming key signaling networks.
More information: directorsblog.nih.gov/2016/12/15/snapshots-of-life-wired-...
Credit: Laura Struzyna, Cullen Laboratory, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
NIH funding from: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS)
Nipah virus envelope glycoprotein F (NivF) is labelled green in hippocampal neurons. Dendrites are marked blue and the axon in red.
Credit: NICHD/GG FarÃas and JS Bonifacino
This image captures Purkinje cells, one of the main types of nerve cell found in the brain. These cells have elaborate branching structures called dendrites that receive signals from other nerve cells.
Credit: Yinghua Ma and Timothy Vartanian, Cornell University, Ithaca, N.Y.
Life Magnified: www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/10_purki...
Amacrine cells are nerve cells which modulate nerve cell communication in the retina, the part of the eye that converts light into nerve signals sent to the brain.
Credit: Wei Li Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health
Retinal Relay
the concept of thinking.background with brain.the file is saved in AI10 EPS version. This illustration contains a transparency.
This photomicrograph shows fluorescently labeled prions (red) that have been taken up and distributed in cell bodies and along cellular extensions (neurites) by transformed murine neural tissue culture cells (SN56). Credit: NIAID
Human neurons (red) extend neural outgrowths across the 3D scaffold.
More information: www.nih.gov/news-events/3-d-technology-enriches-human-ner...
Credit: P. Moghe, Rutgers University
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
The NIH supported the study through grants from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); and from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
Human neurons on the 3D scaffold exhibit firing activity (yellow) in response to electrical current.
More information: www.nih.gov/news-events/3-d-technology-enriches-human-ner...
Credit: P. Moghe, Rutgers University
This image is not owned by the NIH. It is shared with the public under license. If you have a question about using or reproducing this image, please contact the creator listed in the credits. All rights to the work remain with the original creator.
The NIH supported the study through grants from the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB); the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS); the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA); and from the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA).
alfoart.com/brain_text_effect_1.html - Learn how to create 3d brain text effect. This Adobe Photoshop tutorial teaches how to apply gray cells, blood vessel texture and light reflections to the 3d shapes.
‘The nervous system is composed of a network of neurons and other supportive cells (such as glial cells). Neurons form functional circuits, each responsible for specific tasks to the behaviors at the organism level.’ [Wikipedia/Neuroscience]
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alfoart.com/brain_text_effect_1.html - Learn how to create 3d brain text effect. This Adobe Photoshop tutorial teaches how to apply gray cells, blood vessel texture and light reflections to the 3d shapes.
Pompe disease is a rare, inherited disorder characterized by the deficiency of an enzyme called acid alpha-glucosidase (GAA). One of the primary features of Pompe disease is the progressive break down in communications between nerve and muscle cells. This image is of a leg muscle (tibialis anterior) from an adult mouse model of Pompe disease. The nerve cells (green) and the sites of nerve-muscle cell communication, called neuromuscular junctions, (red) are fluorescently labeled to observe the continued deterioration of neuromuscular junctions. This research program is advancing the use of gene therapy to improve neural and cardiorespiratory function in patients with Pompe disease. This image was a winner in the 2015 BioArt contest of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology (FASEB).
Photographer: Darin J. Falk, Adrian Gary Todd, Robin Yoon, Barry J. Byrne, University of Florida.
From GiantMicrobes.com:
Top Row:
Copepod, H.I.V., Gonorrhea (The Clap), Waterbear, Mono (Kissing Disease), Herpes, Dust Mite, Swine Flu
Second Row:
a small Amoeba, a small Penicillin, Nerve Cell, Leishmania, Bird Flu, Yeast, Syphilis (The Pox), Giardia, Red Ant, Toxic Mold
Third Row:
Staph, Hepatitis, Measles, Amoeba, Listeria, Bed Bug, Acidophilus, T4 Cell, Yogurt
Fourth Row:
a small Egg, A small Sperm, a Small Mono, Typhoid Fever, Penicillin, HPV, Flea, Black Ant, Rubella, Brain Cell, Platelet, Chlamydia
Neurosphere culture. Fluorescent light microscope of a group of neural stem cells (neurosphere) in culture. The stem cells are differentiating into neurons (red) and nerve support cells (green), which are then migrating out of the neurosphere. Cell nuclei, which contain the cell's genetic information, are dyed blue. Intermediate filaments (IFs) are green and beta-tubulin III, one of the proteins that make up microtubules, is red. IFs and microtubules are part of the cell's cytoskeleton, which is responsible for intracellular transport, cell structure and motility.
Scientists at Cincinnati Children’s Hospital are developing a miniaturized 3-D system derived from human gut and nerve cells.
Photo A above shows nerve cells that were incorporated into human gut tissue grown from iPSCs (Photo B). When incorporated onto a chip, the result will be a gut on a chip, complete with nerves and a cross-sectional structure resembling that of human intestines, as shown on the bottom right.
Credit: Cincinnati Children’s Hospital
This image captures the many layers of nerve cells in the retina. The top layer (green) is made up of cells called photoreceptors that convert light into electrical signals to relay to the brain. The two best-known types of photoreceptor cells are rod- and cone-shaped. Rods help us see under low-light conditions but can't help us distinguish colors. Cones don't function well in the dark but allow us to see vibrant colors in daylight.
Credit: Wei Li, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health
Life Magnified images: www.nigms.nih.gov/education/life-magnified/Pages/9_bottom...
This computer generated image is called DTI (diffusion tensor imaging) color map of the brain. In neuroscience, the tractography is a 3D modeling technique used to visually represent neural tract using data collected by DTI (a special MRI method).
Alzheimer's disease culture cells. Coloured scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of cells used in Alzheimer's disease research. These cells have been genetically engineered to produce amyloid precursor protein (APP), which in turn forms the protein amyloid. Plaques of amyloid in the brain are a major pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease. These cells are cultured from a nerve cancer (neuroblastoma), and have shorter and more numerous processes (dendrites and axons) than healthy nerve cells. Alzheimer's is a brain- wasting disease common in the elderly. It causes confusion, memory loss, personality changes and eventually death. Magnification unknown.
the concept of thinking.background with brain.the file is saved in AI10 EPS version. This illustration contains a transparency.
***EXCLUSIVE*** HARVARD UNIVERSITY, MA - UNDATED: A map of the human brain showing the connecting nerve cells in our minds by Van Wedeen. YOU could call them Brainbows - as these colourful images were created by neurobiologists while mapping our minds. Boffins from Harvard Medical School in the USA have set about meticulously logging more than 100 billion nerve cells and neurones in the human brain. Using advanced MRI screening technology they are uncovering the anatomical features of our minds that have previously been undetectable. And the results have produced these psychedelic images - where swirling streaks of colour shoot in all directions. NEEDED PHOTOGRAPH BY Van Wedeen / SPL / Barcroft Media UK Office, London. T +44 845 370 2233 W www.barcroftmedia.com USA Office, New York City. T +1 212 796 2458 W www.barcroftusa.com Indian Office, Delhi. T +91 11 4053 2429 W www.barcroftindia.com
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This is my myelinated motor neurone (nerve cell) made from foamy stuff for the main body (which I found reacted with spray paint and super glue, not good) and cotton wool for the Schwann Cells which make up the myelin sheath. It's quite flimsy at the moment and the dendrites keep snapping off. Very pleased with it though. It should liven up my "nerve impulses" talk when I get back to college.