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Wow, looks like a thundershower was trying to develop here. A weather system had pushed thru giving the state more much-needed rain and snow. This day, we were now behind the system's main cold front and now in its unstable airmass which explains the showery nature of the rain this afternoon. T-storms were also seen by observers out in the valley with even a funnel cloud spotted. Fun stuff! Pic taken from around San Jose, CA. (Wednesday, November 18, 2020; 3:30 p.m.)
*Weather update/forecast: Rain had returned to the Bay Area on Tuesday as a cold front entered the region from the north early in the day & had moved southward as the day progressed, according to the National Weather Service. The system was expected to bring "light to occasionally moderate rain" first over the North Bay & along the coastal ranges before spreading inland & to the south. The storm was unlikely to drop heavy rain, the weather service said. Rainfall totals from Tuesday into Wednesday were forecast to range from 0.75 of an inch to 1.25 inches in the North Bay mountains & along the coastal ranges, with higher levels around 1.5 inches in the favored wet spots of the North Bay, the weather service said. Meanwhile, between 0.25 & 0.75 of an inch will be common across the North Bay valleys & along the coast from Santa Cruz northward. Totals for the East Bay & South Bay are expected to range between 0.10 & 0.25 of an inch. Forecasters also warned of heavy snow & strong winds in the Sierra Nevada & southern Cascade Range, starting out at higher elevations Tuesday & lowering slightly on Wednesday. Looking ahead in our forecast, a string of mostly sunny & dry days was to follow thru the weekend, with a minor warmup by early next week…
Karen Bays, manager of the Shawnee branch of the Pioneer Library System, introduces storyteller Elizabeth Ellis as part of Pioneer Library System's Big Read 2012
Platform level of the Huntington Metro station. The southern end has a pair of escalators and the system's only inclined elevator. 2701 Huntington Ave, Huntington, VA.
On Feb. 8, 2018, three 644th RSG Soldiers were promoted during a ceremony at Fort Bliss, Texas. 1st Lt. Nhu Hoang, Personnel (S-1) officer, was promoted to Captain. Promoted by his wife, 1st Lt. Marco Alcantar, Information Management Systems (S-6) OIC, advanced to Captain. Also, Spec. Chailey Reshetar was promoted to the rank of Sergeant, and is now a Non-commissioned Officer. The 644th RSG Commander, Col. Dominic Wibe, addressed the entire group and said he couldn't have promoted a more deserving group of individuals into higher ranks of increased responsibility. Congratulations to all three who were promoted! And nothing like an open taco bar to celebrate the day
On Saturday, October 7, more than 1,700 of Rochester Regional Health’s friends and employees gathered at the Joseph A. Floreano Rochester Riverside Convention Center for the system’s signature celebration.
University of Missouri System’s Advocacy-Mentoring Program held its 2012 Torch Awards on Nov. 15, 2012 to mark the completion of an 18-month mentorship program.
The mentoring relationship is meant to increase the number of competitive minority- and women-owned firms that wish to do business with one of the University of Missouri’s four campuses. Women- or minority-owned businesses are defined as business entities in which at least 51 percent of the ownership interest, stock or otherwise, is minority or woman owned.
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
A look at Rig Mat System's CLT Crane Mats' hook.
Our Crane mats are made from CLT, can be up to 40 feet long, are extremely strong and can hold up the heaviest of equipment.
Seeing a good amount of graupel/hail fall as a cluster of t-storms drift over Stockton, CA this day (while using Instagram live video). California was getting some interesting weather this day. Even the Bay Area saw some action with hail, thunder & lightning. Of course, I was out chasing the storms this day particularly in the Stockton areas. After all, the Central Valley is like California's 'Midwest'! Even another chaser like myself was out chasing the storms in the valley. I was lucky enough to witness a cluster of t-storms build and drift right over my current location while around the rural areas of Stockton at the time... A low pressure area (from the same 2nd storm system to hit us this particular week) had helped destabilize the atmosphere this day, causing widespread t-storms to form. The state was experiencing unsettled weather since late last month. We need all the rain & snow we can get... (Saturday, March 3, 2018)
**Weather scenario/forecast:
A pair of storms had battered California this past week with rain, hail, thunder & lots of snow in the Sierras. The 1st weaker storm had brought interesting weather to NorCal as t-storms dumped lots of hail in isolated regions back on Monday (February 26). The unsettled pattern was helping with the state's returning drought conditions. With the jet stream having dipped southward, this was helping to steer storms into California at last. While the 1st storm system had brought some much-needed precip, February 2018 was one of the driest Februarys for the state (no longer the driest ever). The 2nd, stronger system had brought more rain & was the snow maker for the state during the latter half of the week. This same system's cold low pressure area had ushered t-storm activity up until Saturday. While the Sierra snowpack remains well-below normal for this time of year, this 2nd system at the beginning of March had brought significant snow, cutting into the snow deficits. It looked like the drought had taken a sizable hit... Is a 'Miracle March' in the making?
Using the methodology of L-system’s computation, I have developed scripts that build systems of branch bifurcation. This time, it addresses the problem of (non-recursive) iteration.
My recent posting about the former Sydney tramway system's use of rosettes to help affix the wires to the side of buildings gained a little interest.
So, whilst I was out and about today, I kept my eyes peeled! To my surprise they're everywhere!
To think I've been walking around this city for fifty years since the trams were replaced by buses and these silent reminders of the system are still in place!
Visited Salvatore Espresso System's shop today and got some great espresso!
Photo-a-Day: Year 5, Day 334 - Total Days: 1795
On May 19, the Juno spacecraft once again swung by Jupiter in its looping 53 day orbit around the Solar System's ruling gas gaint. Beginning at the top, this vertical 14 frame sequence of enhanced-color JunoCam images follows the spacecraft's rapidly changing perspective during its two hour passage. They look down on Jupiter's north polar region, equatorial, and south polar region (bottom images). With the field-of-view shrinking, the seventh and eighth images in the sequence are close-up. Taken only 4 minutes apart above Jupiter's equator they were captured just before the spacecraft reached perijove 6, its closest approach to Jupiter on this orbit. Final images in the sequence pick up white oval storm systems, Jupiter's "String of Pearls", and the south polar region from the outward bound spacecraft. via NASA ift.tt/2svkh3d
Belinda Wong (volunteer program coordinator) and Teresa (residence manager) from S.U.C.C.E.S.S. Austin Harris Residence welcomed Sierra System's Elnaz Seyednejad and her team for a day of caring in the seniors centre garden.
The Sierra System's team filled many garbage bags with weeds and mud. After much toiling they were treated to afternoon tea by very satisfied staff!
Thank you team SS!
2nd version of the system's map... this time with a "semi-threedimensional" view.
I realized after finishing this one that only Tamargon has a moon; the reason is that we didn't yet come up with satellites of other worlds.
Item is a photograph of the West Vancouver Municipal Ferry system's first "real" bus, a 1911 Pierce Arrow automobile with lengthened chassis and bus body installed. It had hard rubber rear tires and chain drive to rear wheels. The bus is about to turn west on Marine Drive at 14th Street. Mr Cox (at left) and W.C. Thompson (at right) are standing in front of the bus.
West Vancouver Archives. Rupert Harrison collection. 0014.WVA.RAH West Vancouver Municipal Ferries bus, 1917.
archives.westvancouver.ca
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks: Sparkle and Spurs held on Saturday, February 23, 2013 at the Charles E. Miller Branch. Award-winning author Mary Doria Russell and The Washington Post's Fiction Editor, Ron Charles.
Creator: McCurdy, James G., 1872-1942
Description: Image information taken from the North Olympic Library System's Kellogg Master Index, including the following note: Basket weaver at Port Townsend. Makah Basket Weaver. Used in 'By Juan de Fuca's Strait, 'Early Days of the Olympic Peninsula in Photographs,' and 'Indian Days at Neah Bay.'
More information on the commercial rights for this photo..
Part of Olympic Peninsula Community Museum
University of Washington Libraries.
Brought to you by IMLS Digital Collections and Content.
Unrestricted access; use with attribution.
Creator: McCurdy, James G., 1872-1942
Description: Image information taken from the North Olympic Library System's Kellogg Master Index, including the following notes: This fresh water creek, flowing into the Strait of Juan de Fuca at Neah Bay, served as a primitive self-service laundry for Makah Indian women. Used in the book, 'Indian Days at Neah Bay.'
More information on the commercial rights for this photo..
Part of Olympic Peninsula Community Museum
University of Washington Libraries.
Brought to you by IMLS Digital Collections and Content.
Unrestricted access; use with attribution.
Saturn is by far the solar system’s most photogenic planet, and in this latest Hubble Space Telescope snapshot it is especially so because Saturn’s magnificent ring system is near its maximum tilt toward Earth (which was in 2017).
Hubble was used to observe the planet on June 6, 2018, when Saturn was only approximately 1.36 billion miles from Earth, nearly as close to us as it ever gets.
Saturn was photographed as it approached a June 27 opposition, when the planet is directly opposite to the Sun in the night sky and is at its yearly closest distance to the Earth. Though all of the gas giants boast rings, Saturn’s are the largest and most spectacular, stretching out eight times the radius of the planet.
Saturn’s stunning rings were first identified as a continuous disk around the planet by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens in 1655. 325 years later, NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft flyby of Saturn resolved thousands of thin, fine ringlets. Data from NASA’s Cassini mission suggests the rings formed 200 million years ago, roughly around the time of the dinosaurs and Earth’s Jurassic period. The gravitational disintegration of one of Saturn’s small moons created myriad icy debris particles, and collisions today likely continually replenish the rings.
Visible in this Hubble image are the classic rings as recorded by early skywatchers. From the outside in are the A ring with the Encke Gap, the Cassini Division, the B ring, and the C ring with the Maxwell Gap.
Saturn’s appearance changes due to its seasons, caused by the planet’s 27-degree axial tilt. It is now summer in Saturn’s northern hemisphere and the atmosphere is more active. This may be responsible for a string of bright clouds visible near the northern polar region that are the remnants of a disintegrating storm. Small, mid-latitude puffs of clouds are also visible. Hubble’s view also resolves a hexagonal pattern around the north pole, a stable and persistent wind feature discovered during the Voyager flyby in 1981.
Saturn’s colors come from hydrocarbon hazes above the ammonia crystals in the upper cloud layers. Unseen lower-level clouds are either ammonium hydrosulfide or water. The planet’s banded structure is caused by the winds and the clouds at different altitudes.
This is the first image of Saturn taken as part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) project. OPAL is helping scientists understand the atmospheric dynamics and evolution of our solar system’s gas giant planets.
JEFFERSON CITY, Mo. – Some of the state’s most remarkable students gathered March 10 for the University of Missouri System’s annual Undergraduate Research Day at the Capitol in Jefferson City.
In total, 59 students from the university’s four campuses discussed their work with senators, representatives and other visitors. Each student was selected in a competitive process and recommended by his or her campus, including 30 from the MU campus; 10 from UMKC; 16 from Missouri S&T; and three from UMSL. The students shared their research from a variety of disciplines including criminology, biology, education, engineering, and political science.
"Research has been fundamental to the University of Missouri since it became a land-grant university more than 150 years ago,” Executive Vice President for Academic Affairs, Research and Economic Development Hank Foley said. “Research exposes students to the wonders and possibilities of research and innovation, and helps develop them as future scientists and entrepreneurs whose discoveries could result in new businesses and jobs, and improve the quality of life for Missourians.”
With research core to its mission, the UM System accounts for 96.9 percent of all research conducted by public universities in Missouri.
“No other public higher education institution in the state provides undergraduate students with the breadth and depth of research opportunities as the UM System,” Vice President for University Relations Steve Knorr said. “Giving our students an opportunity to showcase their work at the state Capitol with their own hometown legislators spreads the value message for higher education on a greater level.”
The UM System is one of the nation’s largest public research and doctoral level institutions with more than 77,000 students on four campuses and an extension program with activities in every county of the state.
Thunderstorms were observed and witnessed in and around California this day! Even the Bay Area saw some of the action with hail, thunder & lightning. Of course, I was out chasing the storms this day particularly in the Stockton areas. After all, the Central Valley is really like California's version of the Midwest! I have witnessed much of the fun around the rural areas of Stockton. Even another chaser like myself was out chasing the storms in the valley... A low pressure area (from the same 2nd storm system to hit us this particular week) had helped destabilize the atmosphere this day, causing widespread t-storms to form. The state was experiencing unsettled weather since late last month. We need all the rain & snow we can get... (Footage taken Saturday, March 3, 2018)
**Weather scenario/forecast:
A pair of storms had battered California this past week with rain, hail, thunder & lots of snow in the Sierras. The 1st weaker storm had brought interesting weather to NorCal as t-storms dumped lots of hail in isolated regions back on Monday (February 26). The unsettled pattern was helping with the state's returning drought conditions. With the jet stream having dipped southward, this was helping to steer storms into California at last. While the 1st storm system had brought some much-needed precip, February 2018 was one of the driest Februarys for the state (no longer the driest ever). The 2nd, stronger system had brought more rain & was the snow maker for the state during the latter half of the week. This same system's cold low pressure area had ushered t-storm activity up until Saturday. While the Sierra snowpack remains well-below normal for this time of year, this 2nd system at the beginning of March had brought significant snow, cutting into the snow deficits. It looked like the drought had taken a sizable hit... Is a 'Miracle March' in the making?
ATLANTIC OCEAN (July 8, 2014) -- Gas Turbine System's Technician Mechanical 2nd Class Amber Coleman, a Washington native, tests the flashpoint of fuel F-76 on a Naviflash aboard the guided-missile destroyer USS Forrest Sherman (DDG 98). Sherman is underway participating in Exercise Greyhound Armor in support of Destroyer Squadron 2. (U.S. Navy photo by Mass Communication Specialist Seaman Bounome Chanphouang/RELEASED).
Five of the Manatee County Public Library System's locations are pleased to welcome members of the Suncoast Blues Society for Blues performance and discussion during the first week of December.
· On Monday, December 1st, 2014, Walker Smith, singer/songwriter and guitarist will perform at the Manatee County Central Library from 6-7:30 PM.
· On Tuesday, December 2nd, 2014, Brian Leneschmidt, guitarist, will perform at the South Manatee Branch Library from 12:30-2:00 PM.
· On Wednesday, December 3rd, 2014, Steve Arvey, veteran Blues player and teacher of Blues history will perform at the Braden River Branch Library from 2-3:30 PM.
· On Thursday, December 4th, 2014, Bodie Valdez, guitarist and harmonica player, will perform at the Palmetto Branch Library from 6:30-8:00 PM.
· On Friday, December 5th, 2014, Walker Smith, singer/songwriter and guitarist, will perform at the Rocky Bluff Branch Library from 2-3:30 PM.
These free events are sponsored by The Friends groups of all five library branches and the Suncoast Blues Society.
For general information about the Manatee County Public Library System, visit us on the web at www.mymanatee.org/library.
Kirby Road School
Cincinnati, Ohio
Listed 9/3/2013
Reference Number: 13000681
The Kirby Road School is significant under Criterion A for its association with the Cincinnati school system's implementation of educational reforms during the Progressive Movement in Cincinnati. Various changes were made resulting in a new school that provided a broader range of teaching, classroom, and school site reforms that addressed the educational development of schools in general and within the Cincinnati neighborhood of Northside. Beginning with its construction in 1910 and continuing into the late 1960s and 1970s, these reforms continued to address the primary school needs of the northern portion of the neighborhood of Northside. It is also significant under Criterion A for the role the school played in the physical and cultural development of the community. With residential development of the neighborhood, especially during the late-19th and early-20th century, the community required a new modern public primary school that functioned with the existing Salmon P. Chase School in fulfilling the public educational needs of the community. As Northside developed, matured, and maintained its neighborhood vibrancy into the 1970s, the school was an active contributor to and facilitator of a variety of neighborhood functions beyond those basic to the educational role of a school. These included activities that resulted from the school being open to numerous community wide programs and events. In addition, the school is significant under Criterion C for its architectural distinction associated with its Neo-Classical Revival-inspired design and for the high level of intact original design integrity. The building is one of a very few Neo-Classical Revival schools designed for the Cincinnati school system during the early 20th century.
National Register of Historic Places Homepage
Haven't "released" an issue in while, thought I should do a special issue on today's rut our bus system's in currently.
Cheerful, well-dressed and supportive, she was our chaperone at the EBS Space A Cappella Festival while we were at the Korea Educational Broadcasting System's studios. When one of our singers fell ill, she used her network to link us to a doctor who happened to travel with another group for the festival. Sung-shin, we will miss your sunny disposition, resourcefulness and sharp sense of style.
Photo by Choi Hyun-il, post-procesed by me.
Saturn is by far the solar system’s most photogenic planet, and in this latest Hubble Space Telescope snapshot it is especially so because Saturn’s magnificent ring system is near its maximum tilt toward Earth (which was in 2017).
Hubble was used to observe the planet on June 6, 2018, when Saturn was only approximately 1.36 billion miles from Earth, nearly as close to us as it ever gets.
Saturn was photographed as it approached a June 27 opposition, when the planet is directly opposite to the Sun in the night sky and is at its yearly closest distance to the Earth. Though all of the gas giants boast rings, Saturn’s are the largest and most spectacular, stretching out eight times the radius of the planet.
Saturn’s stunning rings were first identified as a continuous disk around the planet by Dutch astronomer Christiaan Huygens in 1655. 325 years later, NASA’s Voyager 1 spacecraft flyby of Saturn resolved thousands of thin, fine ringlets. Data from NASA’s Cassini mission suggests the rings formed 200 million years ago, roughly around the time of the dinosaurs and Earth’s Jurassic period. The gravitational disintegration of one of Saturn’s small moons created myriad icy debris particles, and collisions today likely continually replenish the rings.
Visible in this Hubble image are the classic rings as recorded by early skywatchers. From the outside in are the A ring with the Encke Gap, the Cassini Division, the B ring, and the C ring with the Maxwell Gap.
Saturn’s appearance changes due to its seasons, caused by the planet’s 27-degree axial tilt. It is now summer in Saturn’s northern hemisphere and the atmosphere is more active. This may be responsible for a string of bright clouds visible near the northern polar region that are the remnants of a disintegrating storm. Small, mid-latitude puffs of clouds are also visible. Hubble’s view also resolves a hexagonal pattern around the north pole, a stable and persistent wind feature discovered during the Voyager flyby in 1981.
Saturn’s colors come from hydrocarbon hazes above the ammonia crystals in the upper cloud layers. Unseen lower-level clouds are either ammonium hydrosulfide or water. The planet’s banded structure is caused by the winds and the clouds at different altitudes.
This is the first image of Saturn taken as part of the Outer Planet Atmospheres Legacy (OPAL) project. OPAL is helping scientists understand the atmospheric dynamics and evolution of our solar system’s gas giant planets.
Stainless steel piping stretches over most of the cathedral attic delivering pressurized water and gas to the system’s 246 mist nozzles.
The Moon is Earth's only natural satellite. It orbits at an average distance of 384,400 km (238,900 mi), about 30 times the diameter of Earth. Over time Earth's gravity has caused tidal locking, causing the same side of the Moon to always face Earth. Because of this, the lunar day and the lunar month are the same length, at 29.5 Earth days. The Moon's gravitational pull – and to a lesser extent, the Sun's – are the main drivers of Earth's tides.
In geophysical terms the Moon is a planetary-mass object or satellite planet. Its mass is 1.2% that of the Earth, and its diameter is 3,474 km (2,159 mi), roughly one-quarter of Earth's (about as wide as Australia.) Within the Solar System, it is the largest and most massive satellite in relation to its parent planet, the fifth largest and most massive moon overall, and larger and more massive than all known dwarf planets. Its surface gravity is about one sixth of Earth's, about half of that of Mars, and the second highest among all Solar System moons, after Jupiter's moon Io. The body of the Moon is differentiated and terrestrial, with no significant hydrosphere, atmosphere, or magnetic field. It formed 4.51 billion years ago, not long after Earth's formation, out of the debris from a giant impact between Earth and a hypothesized Mars-sized body called Theia.
The lunar surface is covered in lunar dust and marked by mountains, impact craters, their ejecta, ray-like streaks and, mostly on the near side of the Moon, by dark maria ("seas"), which are plains of cooled magma. These maria were formed when molten lava flowed into ancient impact basins. The Moon is, beside when passing through Earth's shadow during a lunar eclipse, always illuminated by the Sun, but from Earth the visible illumination shifts during its orbit, producing the lunar phases. The Moon is the brightest celestial object in Earth's night sky. This is mainly due to its large angular diameter, while the reflectance of the lunar surface is comparable to that of asphalt. The apparent size is nearly the same as that of the Sun, allowing it to cover the Sun almost completely during a total solar eclipse. From Earth about 59% of the lunar surface is visible over time due to cyclical shifts in perspective (libration), making parts of the far side of the Moon visible.
For humans the Moon has been an important source of inspiration and knowledge, having been crucial to cosmography, mythology, religion, art, time keeping, natural science, and spaceflight. On September 13, 1959, the first human-made object to reach an extraterrestrial body arrived on the Moon, the Soviet Union's Luna 2 impactor. In 1966, the Moon became the first extraterrestrial body where soft landings and orbital insertions were achieved. On July 20, 1969, humans for the first time landed on the Moon and any extraterrestrial body, at Mare Tranquillitatis with the lander Eagle of the United States' Apollo 11 mission. Five more crews were sent between then and 1972, each with two men landing on the surface. The longest stay was 75 hours by the Apollo 17 crew. Since then, exploration of the Moon has continued robotically with crewed missions being planned to return beginning in the late 2020s.
The origin of the Moon is usually explained by a Mars-sized body striking the Earth, creating a debris ring that eventually collected into a single natural satellite, the Moon, but there are a number of variations on this giant-impact hypothesis, as well as alternative explanations, and research continues into how the Moon came to be formed. Other proposed scenarios include captured body, fission, formed together (condensation theory, synestia), planetesimal collisions (formed from asteroid-like bodies), and collision theories.
The standard giant-impact hypothesis suggests that a Mars-sized body, called Theia, impacted the proto-Earth, creating a large debris ring around Earth, which then accreted to form the Moon. This collision also resulted in the 23.5° tilted axis of the Earth, thus causing the seasons. The Moon's oxygen isotopic ratios seem to be essentially identical to Earth's. Oxygen isotopic ratios, which may be measured very precisely, yield a unique and distinct signature for each Solar System body. If Theia had been a separate protoplanet, it probably would have had a different oxygen isotopic signature than proto-Earth, as would the ejected mixed material. Also, the Moon's titanium isotope ratio (50Ti/47Ti) appears so close to the Earth's (within 4 parts per million) that little if any of the colliding body's mass could likely have been part of the Moon.
"One of the challenges to the longstanding theory of the collision, is that a Mars-sized impacting body, whose composition likely would have differed substantially from that of Earth, likely would have left Earth and the moon with different chemical compositions, which they are not."
Some theories have been stated that presume the proto-Earth had no large moons early in the formation of the Solar System, 4.425 billion years ago, Earth being basically rock and lava. Theia, an early protoplanet the size of Mars, hit Earth in such a way that it ejected a considerable amount of material away from Earth. Some proportion of these ejecta escaped into space, but the rest consolidated into a single spherical body in orbit about Earth, creating the Moon.
The hypothesis requires a collision between a proto-Earth about 90% of the diameter of present Earth, and another body the diameter of Mars (half of the terrestrial diameter and a tenth of its mass). The latter has sometimes been referred to as Theia, the name of the mother of Selene, the Moon goddess in Greek mythology. This size ratio is needed in order for the resulting system to have sufficient angular momentum to match the current orbital configuration. Such an impact would have put enough material into orbit around Earth to have eventually accumulated to form the Moon.
Computer simulations show a need for a glancing blow, which causes a portion of the collider to form a long arm of material that then shears off. The asymmetrical shape of the Earth following the collision then causes this material to settle into an orbit around the main mass. The energy involved in this collision is impressive: possibly trillions of tonnes of material would have been vaporized and melted. In parts of the Earth, the temperature would have risen to 10,000 °C (18,000 °F).
The Moon's relatively small iron core (compared to other rocky planets and moons in the Solar System) is explained by Theia's core mostly merging into that of Earth. The lack of volatiles in the lunar samples is also explained in part by the energy of the collision. The energy liberated during the reaccretion of material in orbit around Earth would have been sufficient to melt a large portion of the Moon, leading to the generation of a magma ocean.
The newly formed Moon orbited at about one-tenth the distance that it does today, and spiraled outward because of tidal friction transferring angular momentum from the rotations of both bodies to the Moon's orbital motion. Along the way, the Moon's rotation became tidally locked to Earth, so that one side of the Moon continually faces toward Earth. Also, the Moon would have collided with and incorporated any small preexisting satellites of Earth, which would have shared the Earth's composition, including isotopic abundances. The geology of the Moon has since been more independent of the Earth.
A 2012 study on the depletion of zinc isotopes on the Moon found evidence for volatile depletion consistent with the giant-impact origin for Earth and the Moon. In 2013, a study was released that indicated that water in lunar magma is indistinguishable from that in carbonaceous chondrites and nearly the same as that of Earth in isotopic composition.
Although the giant-impact hypothesis explains many aspects of the Earth–Moon system, there are still a few unresolved problems, such as the Moon's volatile elements not being as depleted as expected from such an energetic impact.
Another issue is lunar and Earth isotope comparisons. In 2001, the most precise measurement yet of the isotopic signatures of Moon rocks was published. Surprisingly, the Apollo lunar samples carried an isotopic signature identical to Earth rocks, but different from other Solar System bodies. Because most of the material that went into orbit to form the Moon was thought to come from Theia, this observation was unexpected. In 2007, researchers from Caltech showed that the likelihood of Theia having an identical isotopic signature as the Earth is very small (less than 1 percent chance). Published in 2012, an analysis of titanium isotopes in Apollo lunar samples showed that the Moon has the same composition as Earth, which conflicts with the Moon forming far from Earth's orbit.
To help resolve these problems, a theory published in 2012 posits that two bodies—each five times the size of Mars—collided, then recollided, forming a large disc of mixed debris that eventually formed Earth and the Moon.
The Moon is traditionally thought to have coalesced from the debris ejected by a giant impact onto the early Earth. However, such models struggle to explain the similar isotopic compositions of Earth and lunar rocks at the same time as the system's angular momentum, and the details of potential impact scenarios are hotly debated. Above a high resolution threshold for simulations, a study published in 2022 finds that giant impacts can immediately place a satellite with similar mass and iron content to the Moon into orbit far outside Earth's Roche limit. Even satellites that initially pass within the Roche limit can reliably and predictably survive, by being partially stripped and then torqued onto wider, stable orbits. Furthermore, the outer layers of these directly formed satellites are molten over cooler interiors and are composed of around 60% proto-Earth material. This could alleviate the tension between the Moon's Earth-like isotopic composition and the different signature expected for the impactor. Immediate formation opens up new options for the Moon's early orbit and evolution, including the possibility of a highly tilted orbit to explain the lunar inclination, and offers a simpler, single-stage scenario for the origin of the Moon.
In 2004, Russian astrophysicist Nikolai Gorkavyi proposed a novel model titled the multiple large asteroid impacts model, which found support from a notable group of Russian astronomers in 2013 and later, in 2017, by planetary researchers at Weizmann Institute of Science in Rehovot, Israel. In general terms, the main idea of the model suggests that the Moon was formed as a result of a violent rain of large asteroids (1–100 km) that repeatedly hammered the fledgling Earth over millions of years. Such a series of smaller impacts, which were likely more common in the early Solar System, could blast enough rocky Earth debris into orbit to form a protosatellite disk which later forms into a small moonlet. As repeated impacts created more balls of debris, the moonlets could merge over time into one large moon.
In 2018 researchers at Harvard and the UC Davis developed computer models demonstrating that one possible outcome of a planetary collision is that it creates a synestia, a mass of vaporized rock and metal which forms a biconcave disc extending beyond the lunar orbit. The synestia will eventually shrink and cool to accrete the satellite and reform the impacted planet.
This hypothesis states that the Moon was captured by the Earth. This model was popular until the 1980s, and some points in its favor are the Moon's size, orbit, and tidal locking.
One problem is understanding the capture mechanism. A close encounter of two planetary bodies typically results in either collision or altered trajectories. For this hypothesis to work, there might have been a large atmosphere around the primitive Earth, which would slow the movement of the Moon by aerobraking before it could escape. That hypothesis may also explain the irregular satellite orbits of Jupiter and Saturn. However, this hypothesis does not adequately explain the essentially identical oxygen isotope ratios of the two bodies.
This is the now discredited hypothesis that an ancient, rapidly spinning Earth expelled a piece of its mass. This was first proposed by George Darwin (son of the famous biologist Charles Darwin) in 1879 and retained some popularity until Apollo. The Austrian geologist Otto Ampferer in 1925 also suggested the emerging of the Moon as cause for continental drift.
It was proposed that the Pacific Ocean represented the scar of this event. Today it is known that the oceanic crust that makes up this ocean basin is relatively young, about 200 million years old or less, whereas the Moon is much older. The Moon does not consist of oceanic crust but of mantle material, which originated inside the proto-Earth in the Precambrian.
The hypothesis of accretion suggests that the Earth and the Moon formed together as a double system from the primordial accretion disk of the Solar System or even a black hole. The problem with this hypothesis is that it does not explain the angular momentum of the Earth-Moon system or why the Moon has a relatively small iron core compared to the Earth (25% of its radius compared to 50% for the Earth).
Dutch scientists Rob de Meijer and Wim van Westrenen suggested in 2010 that the Moon may have formed from a nuclear explosion caused by the centrifugal force of an earlier, spinning proto-Earth. The centrifugal force would have concentrated heavy elements such as thorium and uranium on the equatorial plane and at the boundary between the Earth's outer core and mantle. If the concentrations of these radioactive elements were high enough, this could have led to a nuclear chain reaction that became supercritical, causing a nuclear explosion ejecting the Moon into orbit. This natural nuclear fission reactor has been observed on Earth at a much smaller scale.
In 2011, it was theorized that a second moon existed 4.5 billion years ago, and later had an impact with the Moon, as a part of the accretion process in the formation of the Moon.
One hypothesis, presented only as a possibility, was that the Earth captured the Moon from Venus.
Uranium–lead dating of Apollo 14 zircon fragments shows the age of the Moon to be about 4.51 billion years.
A team of researchers of the Miniature Radio Frequency (Mini-RF) instrument on NASA's Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) spacecraft concluded that the Moon's subsurface may be richer in metals, like iron and titanium, more than scientists had believed.
In July 2020 scientists report that the Moon formed 4.425 ±0.025 bya, about 85 million years later than thought, and that it hosted an ocean of magma for substantially longer than previously thought (for ~200 million years).
On 1 November 2023, scientists reported that, according to computer simulations, remnants of a protoplanet, named Theia, could be inside the Earth, left over from a collision with the Earth in ancient times, and afterwards becoming the Moon.
A look at Rig Mat System's CLT Crane Mats' hook.
Our Crane mats are made from CLT, can be up to 40 feet long, are extremely strong and can hold up the heaviest of equipment.
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks: Sparkle and Spurs held on Saturday, February 23, 2013 at the Charles E. Miller Branch.
The VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System (VAAAHS) discharged its first Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) patient only 48 hours after surgery.
Marine Corps Veteran, Paul Lehr, underwent a successful TAVR procedure on Wed. Jan 9, 2015, at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System’s Hybrid Open Heart Surgical Suite/Catheterization Laboratory.
“I feel great,” said Lehr. “I have no pain.”
An alternative to open-heart surgery, VAAAHS is one of only 6 VA facilities throughout the country chosen to perform TAVR for eligible patients– a minimally invasive, state-of-the-art aortic valve replacement procedure.
Read the full story here:
www.annarbor.va.gov/ANNARBOR/features/TAVR.asp
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154 / 365 : Asking for Buddha's Help
Here we go, the worst photo of my 365 project!
Damn today was a busy day, had literally no time to shoot anything. But i had a backup plan!
I wanted to make a cool mosaic collage of Sapporo Sound System's 6 members but... it was just 4 of us tonight at rehearsals!
So i came home, 10 minutes to midnight and all i could do was take my camera, point it towards the first item in the way and just CLICK.
So here you go, my little buddha (or whatever this is, found it in the apartment already) with a "Super Mario Theme Character™" as necklace.
Meh.
Camera Info: Nikon D300 | 35mm (ƒ/1.8G) @ 35mm | ƒ/1.8 | ISO 400 | 1/60 s — Camera Handheld
On Saturday, October 7, more than 1,700 of Rochester Regional Health’s friends and employees gathered at the Joseph A. Floreano Rochester Riverside Convention Center for the system’s signature celebration.
Thanks to the Indian rail system's lax safety standards, we were able to swing ourselves up through the open door of a moving train at the Bangalore train station. This is Kevin just after sitting down to catch his breath.
Due to horrendous traffic, we were late for our train and arrived breathless on the platform, only to find it pulling out of the station. No biggie -- that's what they leave the doors open for.
On Saturday, October 7, more than 1,700 of Rochester Regional Health’s friends and employees gathered at the Joseph A. Floreano Rochester Riverside Convention Center for the system’s signature celebration.
GOVERNOR ANNOUNCES STOP VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT
PROGRAM GRANT AWARDS
CHARLESTON -- Governor Earl Ray Tomblin today, June 29, 2016, awarded $1,087,599.00 in STOP Violence Against Women Grant Program funds for twenty-eight (28) projects statewide. The purpose of these funds is to establish or enhance teams whose core members include victim service providers, law enforcement, and prosecution to improve the criminal justice system's response to violence against women. Grants provide personnel, equipment, training, technical assistance, and information systems for the establishment or enhancement of these teams. Additionally, statewide projects are funded to provide training and educational opportunities for all victim service providers, law enforcement, prosecution, and court personnel throughout the state.
STOP funds are awarded from the Office on Violence Against Women, Office of the U.S. Department of Justice. The funds are administered by the Division of Justice and Community Services.
Funds were awarded to the following:
CABELL
Branches Domestic Violence Shelter, Inc.$55,446.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Cabell County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Cabell County Prosecutor's Office, Branches Domestic Violence Shelter, CONTACT of Huntington, and the Huntington Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Amanda McComas
Phone: (304) 529-2382
Email: mccomas@branchesdvs.org
CALHOUN
Family Crisis Intervention Center$19,799.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Calhoun County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Calhoun County Prosecutor's Office, the Family Crisis Intervention Center, and the Calhoun County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms Emly S. Larkins
Phone: (304) 428-2333
Email: eelarkins@suddenlink.net
FAYETTE
Comprehensive Women's Service Council$32,671.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Fayette County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Fayette County Prosecutor's Office, the Comprehensive Women’s Service Council, and the Fayette County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Patricia M. Bailey
Phone: (304) 255-2559
Email: Pbailey@wrcwv.org
GRANT
Family Crisis Center, Inc.$17,683.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Grant County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Grant County Prosecutor’s Office, the Family Crisis Center, and the Grant County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Sony Fazzalore
Phone: (304) 788-6061
Email: fcc911@frontier.com
GREENBRIER
Family Refuge Center$53,040.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Greenbrier County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Greenbrier County Prosecutor's Office, the Family Refuge Center, the Lewisburg Police Department, and the Greenbrier County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Kenosha Davenport
Phone: (304) 645-6334
Email: kenoshad@familyrefugecenter.org
HARRISON
Task Force on Domestic Violence, "HOPE, Inc."$43,176.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Harrison County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Harrison County Prosecutor's Office, the Task Force on Domestic Violence “HOPE, Inc.”, the Bridgeport Police Department and the Clarksburg Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Harriet Sutton
Phone: (304) 367-1100
Email: hmsutton@hopeincwv.org
KANAWHA
Kanawha County Commission$46,429.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Kanawha County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Kanawha County Prosecutor's Office, the YWCA Resolve Family Abuse Program, the Family Counseling Connection – REACH Program, Beginning My Empowerment Thru Emmanuel's Kingdom (BEMEEK) Outreach Program, the Kanawha County Sheriff’s Department, and the Charleston Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Gale A. Teare
Phone: (304) 357-0499
Email: galeteare@kcso.us
MARION
Task Force on Domestic Violence, "HOPE, Inc."$51,078.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Marion County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Marion County Prosecutor's Office, the Task Force on Domestic Violence, "HOPE, Inc.", the Marion County Sheriff's Department, and the Fairmont Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Harriet Sutton
Phone: (304) 367-1100
Email: hmsutton@hopeincwv.org
MARSHALL
Marshall County Commission$25,259.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Marshall County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Marshall County Prosecutor's Office, the YWCA Family Violence Prevention Program, and the Marshall County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Betsy Frohnapfel
Phone: (304) 845-0482
Email: bfrohnapfel@marshallcountywv.org
MINERAL
Family Crisis Center, Inc.$17,683.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Mineral County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Mineral County Prosecutor's Office, the Family Crisis Center, and the Mineral County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Sonya Fazzalore
Phone: (304) 788-6061
Email: fcc911@frontier.com
MINGO
Tug Valley Recovery Shelter, Inc.$43,576.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Mingo County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Mingo County Prosecutor's Office, the Tug Valley Recovery Shelter, and the Mingo County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Kim Ryan
Phone: (304) 235-6121
Email: k.s.ryan@hotmail.com
MINGO, LOGAN
Tug Valley Recovery Shelter, Inc.$32,596.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Logan County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Logan County Prosecutor's Office, the Tug Valley Recovery Shelter, and the Logan County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Kim Ryan
Phone: (304) 235-6121
Email: k.s.ryan@hotmail.com
MONONGALIA
The Rape & Domestic Violence Information Center, Inc.$54,599.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Monongalia County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Monongalia County Prosecutor's Office, the Rape and Domestic Violence Information Center, the Morgantown Police Department, the Monongalia County Sheriff’s Department, and the Star City Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Judy King
Phone: (304) 292-5100
Email: rdvic99@earthlink.net
Monroe
Family Refuge Center$23,825.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Monroe County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Monroe County Prosecutor's Office, the Family Refuge Center, and the Monroe County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Kenosha Davenport
Phone: (304) 645-6334
Email: kenoshad@familyresourcecenter.org
NICHOLAS
Comprehensive Women's Service Council$36,904.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Nicholas County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Nicholas County Prosecutor's Office, the Comprehensive Women’s Service Council and the Nicholas County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Patricia M. Bailey
Phone: (304) 255-2559
Email: pbailey@wrcwv.org
OHIO
Ohio County Commission$87,614.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Ohio County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Ohio County Prosecutor's Office, the YWCA Family Violence Prevention Program, the YWCA Cultural Diversity and Community Outreach Program, and the Ohio County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Mr. Scott R. Smith
Phone: (304) 234-3631
Email: ssmith@wvocpa.org
POCAHONTAS
Family Refuge Center $6,000.00
These funds provide for the enhancement of the Pocahontas County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Pocahontas County Prosecutor’s Office, the Family Refuge Center and the Pocahontas County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Kenosha Davenport
Phone: (304) 645-6334
Email: kenoshad@familyrefugecenter.org
PRESTON
The Rape & Domestic Violence Information Center, Inc.$35,643.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Preston County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Preston County Prosecutor's Office, the Rape and Domestic Violence Information Center, and the Preston County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Judy King
Phone: (304) 292-5100
Email: rdvic99@earthlink.net
PUTNAM
Putnam County Commission$25,421.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Putnam County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Putnam County Prosecutor's Office, Branches Domestic Violence Shelter, the Family Counseling Connection - REACH Program, and the Putnam County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Sheriff Steve Deweese
Phone: (304) 586-0256
Email: tcraigo@putnamwv.org
RALEIGH
Comprehensive Women's Service Council$60,535.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Raleigh County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Raleigh County Prosecutor's Office, the Comprehensive Women’s Service Council, and the Beckley Police Department.
Contact:Ms. Patricia M. Bailey
Phone: (304) 255-2559
Email: pbailey@wrcwv.org
RANDOLPH
Women's Aid in Crisis$16,767.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Randolph County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Randolph County Prosecutor's Office, Women's Aid in Crisis, and the Randolph County Sheriff’s Department.
Contact:Ms. Marcia R. Drake
Phone: (304) 626-8433
Email: mdrake@waicwv.org
ROANE
Family Crisis Intervention Center$17,398.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Roane County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Roane County Prosecutor's Office, the Family Crisis Intervention Center, the Spencer Police Department, and the Roane County Sheriff's Department.
Contact:Ms. Emily S. Larkins
Phone: (304) 428-2333
Email: eelarkins@suddenlink.net
UPSHUR
Upshur County Commission$26,496.00
These funds provide for the enhancement and the continuation of the Upshur County STOP Team to improve the criminal justice system's response to victims of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence. The core Team includes the Upshur County Prosecutor's Office, Women's Aid in Crisis, and the Buckhannon Police Department.
Contact:Mr. David E. Godwin
Phone: (304) 472-9699
Email: degodwin@upshurcounty.org
STATEWIDE
West Virginia Prosecuting Attorneys Institute$39,284.00
These funds provide for the development and continuation of strengthening prosecution strategies and best practices as well as improve prosecution-based victim services in cases involving violence against women through training and the development of resources.
Contact:Ms. Sherry Eling
Phone: (304) 558-3348
Email: sherry.s.eling@wv.gov
West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Services$56,689.00
These funds provide for finalizing the development of an Advocate Guide and Protocol with participating correctional facilities in the state for service provision; convert training materials into e-learning resources; and work with Rape Crisis Centers on service implementation in order to work towards compliance with PREA requirements.
Contact:Ms. Nancy Hoffman
Phone: (304) 366-9500
Email: wvfris@frontier.com
West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals$54,104.00
These funds provide for updating and printing the Domestic Violence Benchbook; to provide the salary of a DV Case Coordinator for the pilot program of the Kanawha County Domestic Violence Court; to maintain the Domestic Violence Registry back-up internet site; and to provide continued training for court personnel in the area of domestic violence, sexual assault, stalking and dating violence.
Contact:Ms. Angela Saunders
Phone: (304) 558-0145
Email: Angela.saunders@courtswv.gov
West Virginia Coalition Against Domestic Violence$43,763.00
These funds provide for the continued enhancement of the statewide domestic and sexual violence database; to provide training and technical assistance for STOP Teams and Domestic Violence Programs on cultural diversity and cultural competency; and to promote dating violence protocols.
Contact:Ms. Tonia Thomas
Phone: (304) 965-3552
Email: tthomas@wvcadv.org
West Virginia Foundation for Rape Information and Serivces$64,121.00
These funds provide for training activities, the on-going development and capacity building of service providers to victims of sexual assault, dating violence and stalking crimes, and to provide training and resources for these programs in order to provide services to sexual assault, dating violence, and stalking victims.
Contact:Ms. Nancy Hoffman
Phone: (304) 366-9500
Email: wvfris@frountier.com
Division of Justice & Community Services contact:
Sarah J. Brown
Senior Justice Programs Specialist
Division of Justice and Community Services
1204 Kanawha Boulevard, East
Charleston, West Virginia 25301
Phone: (304) 558-8814, Extension 53337
Email: Sarah.J.Brown@wv.gov
Photos available for media use. All photos should be attributed “Photo courtesy of Office of the Governor.”