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A busy scene on a Saturday at the Deansgate-Castlefield Metrolink station in central Manchester. Four of the system's Bombardier M5000 light rail vehicles that comprise the fleet; 3106 heading to Eccles, with an East Didsbury service heading in to the platform behind it, a terminating Trafford Centre service int he middle bay and 3143 heading away on the temporarily curtailed service to Oldham Mumps due to closure of the line to Rochdale due to a landslip.
The skywards growing architecture of Manchester surrounds the scene with the new tower block on the left being constructed in alarming proximity to the Metrolink infrastructure as a developer squeezes every last square centimetre from the site!
Palms swaying like crazy! Very strong & gusty southerly winds & rain were observed as this strongly awaited atmospheric river/storm system’s main cold front made ‘landfall’ in the Bay Area. This was indeed the strongest storm so far this season for the region. Conditions outside looked like a tropical storm! Certainly, this was a stormy night for the region. The Sierras were also looking at feet of snowfall before all this is said & done. This evening was just the 1st part of the storm. More heavy rain & wind was in store for the state over the next day or two as this atmospheric river was forecast to inch back north towards the South Bay the very next day... Things would finally die down by Friday. Stay safe out there, everyone! (Video taken Tuesday late evening, January 26, 2021)
*Weather forecast/update: A strong Pacific storm, or atmospheric river, was expected to bring periods of moderate to heavy rain to the region. This system was forecast to arrive by Tuesday (Jan 26) & was to bring periods of heavy rain & high winds. This will likely result in an increased risk of mudslides over steep terrain, debris flow over wildfire burned areas, as well as localized ponding of water in low-lying areas. Up to 3 inches of rain was expected in urban areas & 3-7 inches possible over higher terrain. The entire area from Napa south thru Monterey & San Benito Counties would get a good soaking from this atmospheric river. Latest model guidance suggests the coastal slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains & Big Sur look to be the primary target of the heaviest rain. On top of this, a high wind watch was also in effect during the period. South winds 20-30 mph with gusts up to 50-60 mph are possible. North Bay, San Francisco Bay Shoreline, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, and the South Bay will all be affected. Timing of the strongest winds are forecast to happen Tuesday evening thru Wednesday morning as this strong system’s cold front sweeps thru. Damaging winds can blow down trees & power lines which may result in power outages… Stay tuned to the latest forecast for the most up-to-date weather info online…
The Darussalam class offshore patrol vessel is a class of four offshore patrol vessels constructed for the Royal Brunei Navy. They are the largest and most capable ships of the Royal Brunei Navy, and often participate in international naval exercises.
Three Nakhoda Ragam-class corvettes were built by BAE Systems Marine (now BAE Systems Maritime – Naval Ships) for the Royal Brunei Navy. The contract was awarded to GEC-Marconi in 1995 and the ships, a variant of the F2000 design, were launched in January 2001, June 2001 and June 2002 at the then BAE Systems Marine yard at Scotstoun, Glasgow. Brunei refused to accept the three Nakhoda Ragam-class corvettes from BAE Systems. The contract dispute became subject to arbitration and was settled in BAE System's favour. The vessels were handed over to Royal Brunei Technical Services in June 2007. In 2007, Brunei contracted the German Lürssen ship yard to find a new customer for the three ships and the ships were eventually purchased by Indonesia.
Brunei ordered the Darussalam class OPVs from Lürssen, the same company that Brunei contracted to sell the Nakhoda Ragam-class corvettes, and the first two vessels were delivered in January 2011. The second batch of two ships were delivered in 2014.
BNS Dhaleshwari is a Castle Class guided missile corvette of the Bangladesh Navy. She is serving Bangladesh Navy from 2011.
BNS Dhaleshwari was laid down by Hall, Russell & Company of Aberdeen, Scotland on 18 October 1979 and launched on 29 October 1980. She was commissioned to the Royal Navy as HMS Leeds Castle on 27 October 1981. She served Royal Navy from 1981 to 2005. The ship was decommissioned on 8 August 2005. The ship took part in Falklands War. In April 2010, she was sold to Bangladesh Navy.
In 14 May 2014, the ship underwent major refit and upgradation to suite Bangladesh Navy's requirement which continues until December 2010. Bangladesh Navy acquired the ship in December 2010. On 5 March 2011, the ship was commissioned in Bangladesh Navy as BNS Dhaleshwari. On her way to Bangladesh, she visited the port of Colombo , Sri Lanka on a goodwill visit from 29 to 31 January 2011. BNS Dhaleshwari went to Malaysia to join Langkawi International Maritime and Aerospace Exhibition 2011 (LIMA-2011) in November 2011. The ship fired four C-704 in a naval exercise in 2013 with all four of them hit the target successfully. She left Bangladesh on 08 May to take part in International Maritime Defence Exhibition (IMDEX) Asia-2015 held at Singapore from 19 to 21 May, 2015.
The ship carries four C-704 automated anti-ship missiles. Besides it has one AK-176 main gun and two Oerlikon 20 mm auto cannons. It has a flight deck which can accommodate helicopter up to Westland Sea King size.
(Text Wikipedia)
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
041006-N-9999X-001
Palmdale, Calif. (Oct. 6, 2004) – Designated N-1, the first Global Hawk unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) slated for the Navy’s Global Hawk Maritime Demonstration (GHMD) program, took flight for the first time on Oct. 6, 2004. The vehicle flew for approximately four hours from the Northrop Grumman Palmdale, Calif. production facility to Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. GHMD will demonstrate the system’s ability to support naval maritime surveillance missions and will operate from Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Md., beginning next summer. Photo courtesy of Northrop Grumman (RELEASED)
Seeing very strong & gusty southerly winds & rain as this strongly awaited atmospheric river/storm system’s main cold front made ‘landfall’ in the Bay Area. This was indeed the strongest storm so far this season for the region. Conditions outside looked like a tropical storm! Certainly, this was a stormy night for the region. The Sierras were also looking at feet of snowfall before all this is said & done. This evening was just the 1st part of the storm. More heavy rain & wind was in store for the state over the next day or two as this atmospheric river was forecast to inch back north towards the South Bay the very next day... Things would finally die down by Friday. Stay safe out there, everyone! (Video taken Tuesday evening, January 26, 2021)
*Weather forecast/update: A strong Pacific storm, or atmospheric river, was expected to bring periods of moderate to heavy rain to the region. This system was forecast to arrive by Tuesday (Jan 26) & was to bring periods of heavy rain & high winds. This will likely result in an increased risk of mudslides over steep terrain, debris flow over wildfire burned areas, as well as localized ponding of water in low-lying areas. Up to 3 inches of rain was expected in urban areas & 3-7 inches possible over higher terrain. The entire area from Napa south thru Monterey & San Benito Counties would get a good soaking from this atmospheric river. Latest model guidance suggests the coastal slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains & Big Sur look to be the primary target of the heaviest rain. On top of this, a high wind watch was also in effect during the period. South winds 20-30 mph with gusts up to 50-60 mph are possible. North Bay, San Francisco Bay Shoreline, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, and the South Bay will all be affected. Timing of the strongest winds are forecast to happen Tuesday evening thru Wednesday morning as this strong system’s cold front sweeps thru. Damaging winds can blow down trees & power lines which may result in power outages… Stay tuned to the latest forecast for the most up-to-date weather info online…
Very high winds & rain were observed as this strongly awaited atmospheric river/storm system’s main cold front made ‘landfall’ in the Bay Area. This was indeed the strongest storm so far this season for the region. Conditions outside looked like a tropical storm! Certainly, this was a stormy night for the region. The Sierras were also looking at feet of snowfall before all this is said & done. This evening was just the 1st part of the storm. More heavy rain & wind was in store for the state over the next day or two as this atmospheric river was forecast to inch back north towards the South Bay the very next day... Things would finally die down by Friday. Stay safe out there, everyone! (Video taken Tuesday evening, January 26, 2021)
*Weather forecast/update: A strong Pacific storm, or atmospheric river, was expected to bring periods of moderate to heavy rain to the region. This system was forecast to arrive by Tuesday (Jan 26) & was to bring periods of heavy rain & high winds. This will likely result in an increased risk of mudslides over steep terrain, debris flow over wildfire burned areas, as well as localized ponding of water in low-lying areas. Up to 3 inches of rain was expected in urban areas & 3-7 inches possible over higher terrain. The entire area from Napa south thru Monterey & San Benito Counties would get a good soaking from this atmospheric river. Latest model guidance suggests the coastal slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains & Big Sur look to be the primary target of the heaviest rain. On top of this, a high wind watch was also in effect during the period. South winds 20-30 mph with gusts up to 50-60 mph are possible. North Bay, San Francisco Bay Shoreline, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, and the South Bay will all be affected. Timing of the strongest winds are forecast to happen Tuesday evening thru Wednesday morning as this strong system’s cold front sweeps thru. Damaging winds can blow down trees & power lines which may result in power outages… Stay tuned to the latest forecast for the most up-to-date weather info online…
Adam Aberle, High Energy Laser Mobile Test Truck program manager with the U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command/Army Forces Strategic Command, displays an unmanned aerial vehicle hit by a compact laser weapon system during the Maneuver Fires Integrated Experiment at Fort Sill, Oklahoma, in April 2016. Participation in the exercise marked a significant milestone: the weapon system’s ability to integrate with other military equipment and perform effectively during a combat situation. (Photo by Monica K. Guthrie, Fort Sill Public Affairs)
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
On Saturday, October 7, more than 1,700 of Rochester Regional Health’s friends and employees gathered at the Joseph A. Floreano Rochester Riverside Convention Center for the system’s signature celebration.
The New Croton Dam, part of the New York City water supply system, stretches across the Croton River near Croton-on-Hudson, New York, about 22 miles (35 km) north of New York City. Construction began in 1892 and was completed in 1906. Designed by Alphonse Fteley (1837–1903), this masonry dam is 266 feet (81 m) broad at its base and 297 feet (91 m) high from base to crest. Its foundation extends 130 feet (40 m) below the bed of the river, and the dam contains 850,000 cubic yards (650,000 m3) of masonry. The engineers' tablet mounted on the headhouse nearest the spillway lists the spillway length as 1,000 feet (300 m) and the total length of the dam and spillway combined as 2,188 feet (667 m). At the time of its completion, it was the tallest dam in the world. New Croton Dam impounds up to 19 billion gallons (71.9 million m³) of water, a small fraction of the New York City water system's total storage capacity of 580 billion gallons (2.2 billion m³).
The dam, in Westchester County, has an unusual spillway, part artificial and part natural, which forms a waterfall on the north side of the structure. New Croton Dam has a public park and trail head at its base and a road along its crest. Road use is limited to pedestrians and emergency vehicles.
Tri-Met MAX (Metro Area Express) light rail trains at the western terminus of the system's Blue Line at Hillsboro's Hatfield Government Center. Two trains typically wait here at any given time, when the next arrives, the one waiting the longest moves out. Long(ish) 2 sec. twilight exposure with tripod.
Johnetta Evans, right, talk with Paris Harris about her book, “Don’t Just Have Kids: Be a Real Parent,” on Sept. 21 during the Newport News Public Library System's Local Authors' Day at the South Morrison Family Education Center.
Secretary Landgraf and Public Health Director Dr. Karyl Rattay were joined by state Sen. Bruce Ennis and Reps. Ruth Briggs-King, Dave Wilson and Harvey Kenton in recognizing the 20th anniversary of Delaware’s Statewide Trauma System. “No matter where in Delaware someone suffers a traumatic injury, they enter into the same system of care,” Secretary Landgraf said. “We are only a handful of states to have an inclusive statewide trauma system.”
Dr. Rattay said the state’s trauma system is credited with saving 1,319 lives and caring for 101,000 seriously injured people since 2000, an almost 50 percent decrease in the mortality rate in that time. The Delaware mortality rate is now consistently lower than the national rate reported by the federal National Trauma Data Bank.
Fourteen individuals who have 20 years of continuous service to the trauma system were honored at the ceremony in the House chambers at Legislative Hall:
•Edward L. Alexander III, MD, FACS of Bayhealth Kent General Hospital
•Marilynn K. Bartley, MSN, RN of Christiana Care Health System
•Steven Blessing, MA, Chief, EMS and Preparedness Section, DPH
•Steven D. Carey, MD, FACS of Nanticoke Memorial Hospital
•Dean Dobbert, MD, FACEP, Kent County EMS Medical Director
•Deborah Eberly, BSN, RN, CEN, CNML of Bayhealth
•Gerard J. Fulda, MD,FACS of Christiana Care Health System
•Linda Laskowski Jones, MS, APRN, ACNS-BC, CEN, FAWM, FAAN of Christiana Care Health System
•MarySue Jones, RN, MS, State Trauma System Coordinator, OEMS, DPH
•James P. Marvel, Jr., MD, FACS of Beebe Healthcare
•Ross E. Megargel, DO, FACEP, State EMS Medical Director
•Stephen G. Murphy, MD, FACS of Nemours/Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children
•Lawrence E. Tan, Esq., NRP, Chief of Emergency Medical Services, New Castle County
•Glen H. Tinkoff, MD, FACS of Christiana Care Health System
Sen. Ennis, who advocated for and helped to push through the enabling legislation, read a joint resolution recognizing the trauma system’s anniversary. Rep. Kenton in honoring Sen. Ennis’ role in creating the trauma system said, “We’ll never know, Senator, how many lives you saved.” Rep. Briggs-King in praising the statewide system of care said, “For a small state, you’ve made a huge statement.”
Trauma survivor Melanie Pertain shared how the system helped her and her family after they were involved in a serious motor vehicle crash on Concord Pike in 2013. “I received tremendous care in the ER and then the OR after we were transported to Christiana Hospital,” said Pertain, who spent two weeks in the surgical ICU after suffering a traumatic brain injury and other injuries in the accident. “My new mantra is ‘Be grateful, not hateful.’”
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
Newspaper 9-11-1968
Kentucky Educational TV goes on the air September 23. Leonard Sears, principal at Somerset's Memorial Elementary, checks one of the sets in his school. TVs have been installed in all the system's classrooms.
James Slaughter Photography Collection
VA employees, Veterans and community members at the VA Ann Arbor Healthcare System's Toledo Community Based Outreach Clinic (CBOC) put on their walking shoes and joined in the fourth nationwide VA2K event on May 21, 2014. The annual Walk and Roll of about 1.2 miles took place at VA hospitals and CBOCs encourages people to step up their fitness level and to support homeless Veterans with donated food and clothing items.
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article is about the conspiracy theory that contrails are deliberate releases of poison. For harmful chemicals emitted by aircraft, see Environmental impact of aviation. For attempts to influence weather with aircraft, see Cloud seeding. For the use of aircraft to apply pesticide and herbicide, see Crop dusting. For the Beck song, see Chemtrails (song).
An Airbus A340's engines leaving a water condensation trail (contrail) – miniature clouds formed by the engine exhaust
The chemtrail conspiracy theory /ˈkɛmtreɪl/ is the erroneous[1] belief that long-lasting condensation trails left in the sky by high-flying aircraft are actually "chemtrails" consisting of chemical or biological agents, sprayed for nefarious purposes undisclosed to the general public.[2] Believers in this conspiracy theory say that while normal contrails dissipate relatively quickly, contrails that linger must contain additional substances.[3][4] Those who subscribe to the theory speculate that the purpose of the chemical release may be solar radiation management,[3] weather modification, psychological manipulation, human population control, biological or chemical warfare, or testing of biological or chemical agents on a population, and that the trails are causing respiratory illnesses and other health problems.[2][5]
The claim has been dismissed by the scientific community.[6] There is no evidence that purported chemtrails differ from normal water-based contrails routinely left by high-flying aircraft under certain atmospheric conditions.[7] Proponents have tried to prove that chemical spraying occurs, but their analyses have been flawed or based on misconceptions.[8][9] Because of the conspiracy theory's persistence and questions about government involvement, scientists and government agencies around the world have repeatedly explained that the supposed chemtrails are in fact normal contrails.[3][10][11]
The term 'chemtrail' is a portmanteau of the words 'chemical' and 'trail', just as 'contrail' blends 'condensation' and 'trail'.[12]
History
Multiple concurrent contrails. How long they last depends upon the weather, especially the temperature, humidity, and wind speed.
Chemtrail conspiracy theories began to circulate after the United States Air Force (USAF) published a 1996 report about weather modification.[11] In the late 1990s, the USAF was accused of "spraying the U.S. population with mysterious substances" from aircraft "generating unusual contrail patterns."[7][13] The theories were posted on Internet forums by people including Richard Finke and William Thomas and were among many conspiracy theories popularized by late-night radio host Art Bell, starting in 1999.[14][9] As the chemtrail conspiracy theory spread, federal officials were flooded with angry calls and letters.[11][3]
A multi-agency response attempting to dispel the rumors was published in 2000 by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).[15][16] Many chemtrail believers interpreted agency fact sheets as further evidence of the existence of a government cover-up.[3] The EPA refreshed its posting in 2015.[17]
In the early 2000s, the USAF released an undated fact sheet that stated the conspiracy theories were a hoax fueled in part by citations to a 1996 strategy paper drafted within their Air University titled Weather as a Force Multiplier: Owning the Weather in 2025.[18][19] The paper was presented in response to a military directive to outline a future strategic weather modification system for the purpose of maintaining the United States' military dominance in the year 2025, and identified as "fictional representations of future situations/scenarios."[19] The USAF further clarified in 2005 that the paper "does not reflect current military policy, practice, or capability" and that it is "not conducting any weather modification experiments or programs and has no plans to do so in the future."[7][20] Additionally, the USAF states that the "'chemtrail' hoax has been investigated and refuted by many established and accredited universities, scientific organizations, and major media publications."[7]
The conspiracy theories are seldom covered by the mainstream media, and when they are, they are usually cast as an example of anti-government paranoia.[4] For example, in 2013, when it was made public that the CIA, NASA, and NOAA intended to provide funds to the National Academy of Sciences to conduct research into methods to counteract global warming with geoengineering, an article in the International Business Times anticipated that "the idea of any government agency looking at ways to control, or manipulate, the weather will be met with scrutiny and fears of a malign conspiracies" [sic], and mentioned chemtrail conspiracy theories as an example.[21]
Description
Proponents of the chemtrail conspiracy theory find support for their theories in their interpretations of sky phenomena, videos posted to the Internet, and reports about government programs; they also have certain beliefs about the goals of the alleged conspiracy and the effects of its alleged efforts and generally take certain actions based on those beliefs.
Interpretation of evidence
Airbus A380 water-filled tanks simulate passenger weight for different takeoff and landing displacement weights. Similar photographs are sometimes said to show chemtrail planes in action.
Ballast barrels with water in a prototype Boeing 747 flight-test plane
Proponents of the chemtrail conspiracy theory say that chemtrails can be distinguished from contrails by their long duration, asserting that the chemtrails are those trails left by aircraft that persist for as much as a half-day or transform into cirrus-like clouds.[4] The proponents claim that after 1995, contrails had a different chemical composition and lasted a lot longer in the sky; proponents fail to acknowledge evidence of long-lasting contrails shown in World War II–era photographs.[9]
Proponents characterize contrails as streams that persist for hours and that, with their criss-cross, grid-like, or parallel stripe patterns, eventually blend to form large clouds. Proponents view the presence of visible color spectra in the streams, unusual concentrations of sky tracks in a single area, or lingering tracks left by unmarked or military airplanes flying atypical altitudes or locations as markers of chemtrails.[3][5][22][23][24]
Photographs of barrels installed in the passenger space of an aircraft for flight test purposes have been claimed to show aerosol dispersion systems. The barrels' actual purpose is to simulate the weight of passengers or cargo. The barrels are filled with water, and the water can be pumped from barrel to barrel to test different centers of gravity while the aircraft is in flight.[25]
Former CIA employee and whistleblower Edward Snowden, interviewed on The Joe Rogan Experience, said he had searched through all the secret information of the U.S. government for evidence about (aliens and) chemtrails. According to a CNN report[26] about the webcast,[27] he said: "In case you were wondering: ... Chemtrails are not a thing" and "I had ridiculous access to the networks of the NSA, the CIA, the military, all these groups. I couldn't find anything".
Jim Marrs has cited a 2007 Louisiana television station report as evidence for chemtrails. In the report, the air underneath a crosshatch of supposed chemtrails was measured and apparently found to contain unsafe levels of barium: at 6.8 parts per million, three times the nationally recommended limit. But a subsequent analysis of the footage showed that the equipment had been misused and the reading exaggerated by a factor of 100—the true level of barium measured was both usual and safe.[8]
In 2014, a video that went viral showed a commercial passenger airplane landing on a foggy night, which was described as emitting chemtrails.[28] Discovery News pointed out that passengers sitting behind the wings would clearly see anything being sprayed, which would defeat any intent to be secretive, and that the purported chemical emission was normal air disruption caused by the wings, visible due to the fog.[28]
In October 2014, Englishman Chris Bovey filmed a video of a plane jettisoning fuel on a flight from Buenos Aires to London, which had to dump fuel to lighten its load for an emergency landing in São Paulo. The clip went viral on Facebook, with over three million views and more than 52,000 shares, cited as evidence of chemtrails. He later disclosed that the video post was done as a prank.[29][30]
In some accounts, the chemicals are described as barium and aluminum salts, polymer fibers, thorium, or silicon carbide.[31]
Chemtrail believers interpret the existence of cloud seeding programs and research into climate engineering as evidence of the conspiracy.[32]
Beliefs
Various versions of the chemtrail conspiracy theory have been propagated via the Internet and radio programs.[3] There are websites dedicated to the conspiracy theory, and it is particularly favored by far-right groups because it fits well with a deep suspicion of the government.[4]
A 2014 review of 20 chemtrail websites found that believers appeal to science in some of their arguments but do not believe what academic or government-employed scientists say;[31] scientists and federal agencies have consistently denied that chemtrails exist, explaining the sky tracks are simply persistent contrails.[3][13][33] The review also found that believers generally hold that chemtrails are evidence of a global conspiracy; they allege various goals which include profit (for example, manipulating futures prices, or making people sick to benefit drug companies), population control, or weapons testing (use of weather as a weapon, or testing bioweapons).[31][33][2] One of these ideas is that clouds are being seeded with electrically conductive materials as part of a massive electromagnetic superweapons program based around the High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP).[34][35] Believers say chemtrails are toxic; the 2014 review found that they generally hold that every person is under attack and often express fear, anxiety, sadness, and anger about this.[31] A 2011 study of people from the US, Canada, and the UK found that 2.6% of the sample believed entirely in the conspiracy theory, and 14% believed it partially.[36][31] An analysis of responses given to the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study[37] showed that 9% of the 36,000 respondents believed it was "completely true" that "the government has a secret program that uses airplanes to put harmful chemicals into the air" while a further 19% believed this was "somewhat true".[38]
Chemtrail conspiracy theorists often describe their experience as being akin to a religious conversion experience. When they "wake up" and become "aware" of chemtrails, the experience motivates them to advocacy of various forms.[31] For example, they often attend events and conferences on geoengineering, and have sent threats to academics working in geoengineering.[31]
Some chemtrail believers adopt the notions of Wilhelm Reich, who devised a "cloudbuster" device from pipework. Reich claimed this device would influence weather and remove harmful energy from the atmosphere. Some chemtrail believers have built cloudbusters filled with crystals and metal filings, which are pointed at the sky in an attempt to clear it of chemtrails.[39]
Chemtrail believers sometimes gather samples and have them tested, rather than rely on reports from government or academic laboratories, but their experiments are usually flawed; for example, collecting samples in jars with metal lids contaminates the sample and is not done in scientific testing.[31][40]
Incidents
In 2001, in response to requests from constituents, U.S. Representative Dennis Kucinich introduced (but did not author) H.R. 2977 (107th), the Space Preservation Act of 2001, which would have permanently prohibited basing weapons in space, listing chemtrails as one of a number of "exotic weapons" that would be banned.[41][42] Proponents have interpreted this explicit reference to chemtrails as official government acknowledgment of their existence.[22][43] Skeptics note that the bill in question also mentions "extraterrestrial weapons" and "environmental, climate, or tectonic weapons".[41] The bill received an unfavorable evaluation from the United States Department of Defense and died in committee, with no mention of chemtrails appearing in the text of any of Kucinich's three subsequent failed attempts to enact a Space Preservation Act.
In 2003, in a response to a petition by concerned Canadian citizens that "chemicals used in aerial sprayings are adversely affecting the health of Canadians", the Government House Leader responded: "There is no substantiated evidence, scientific or otherwise, to support the allegation that there is high altitude spraying conducted in Canadian airspace. The term 'chemtrails' is a popularised expression, and there is no scientific evidence to support their existence."[44][45][46][47] The House leader added, "it is our belief that the petitioners are seeing regular airplane condensation trails or contrails."[44]
In 2005 in the United Kingdom, Elliot Morley, a Minister of State for the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs[48] was asked by David Drew, the Labour Party Member of Parliament for Stroud, "what research [the] Department has undertaken into the polluting effects of chemtrails for aircraft", and responded that "the Department is not researching into chemtrails from aircraft as they are not scientifically recognised phenomena", and that work was being conducted to understand "how contrails are formed and what effects they have on the atmosphere."[13][49]
During the 2011–2017 California drought, some local politicians in Shasta County reacted credulously to conspiracy theories suggesting that weather-modifying chemtrails had caused the unusual weather conditions.[50]
Contrails
Main article: Contrail
Contrails from propeller-driven aircraft engine exhaust, early 1940s
Contrails, or condensation trails, are "streaks of condensed water vapor created in the air by an airplane or rocket at high altitudes".[7] Fossil fuel combustion (as in piston and jet engines) produces carbon dioxide and water vapor and soot particulates that act as cloud condensation nuclei. At high altitudes, the air is very cold. Hot humid air from the engine exhaust mixes with the colder surrounding air, causing the water vapor to condense into droplets or ice crystals that form visible clouds. The rate at which contrails dissipate is entirely dependent on weather conditions. If the atmosphere is near saturation, the contrail may exist for some time. Conversely, if the atmosphere is dry, the contrail will dissipate quickly.[7]
Exhaust gases and emissions
Wingtip condensation trails
It is well established by atmospheric scientists that contrails can persist for hours, and that it is normal for them to spread out into cirrus sheets. The different-sized ice crystals in contrails descend at different rates, which spreads the contrail vertically. Then the differential in wind speeds between altitudes (wind shear) results in the horizontal spreading of the contrail. This mechanism is similar to the formation of cirrus uncinus clouds. Contrails between 25,000 and 40,000 feet (7,600 and 12,200 m) can often merge into an "almost solid" interlaced sheet.[51] Contrails can have a lateral spread of several kilometers, and given sufficient air traffic, it is possible for contrails to create an entirely overcast sky that increases the ice budget of individual contrails and persists for hours.[52]
Contrail testing being carried out on an Airbus A340 and much older Boeing 707[7]
Experts on atmospheric phenomena say that the characteristics attributed to chemtrails are simply features of contrails responding to diverse conditions in terms of sunlight, temperature, horizontal and vertical wind shear, and humidity levels present at the aircraft's altitude.[3][7][5][22] In the US, the gridlike nature of the National Airspace System's flight lanes tends to cause crosshatched contrails, and in general it is hard to discern from the ground whether overlapping contrails are at similar altitudes or not.[7] The jointly published fact sheet produced by NASA, the EPA, the FAA, and NOAA in 2000 in response to alarms over chemtrails details the science of contrail formation, and outlines both the known and potential impacts of contrails have on temperature and climate.[20] The USAF produced a fact sheet that described these contrail phenomena as observed and analyzed since at least 1953. It also rebutted chemtrail theories more directly by identifying the theories as a hoax and disproving the existence of chemtrails.[7][3]
Patrick Minnis, an atmospheric scientist with NASA's Langley Research Center, has said that logic does not dissuade most chemtrail proponents: "If you try to pin these people down and refute things, it's, 'Well, you're just part of the conspiracy'".[3]
Analysis of the use of commercial aircraft tracks for climate engineering has shown them to be generally unsuitable.[53]
Astronomer Bob Berman has characterized the chemtrail conspiracy theory as a classic example of failure to apply Occam's razor, writing in 2009 that instead of adopting the long-established "simple solution" that the trails consist of frozen water vapor, "the conspiracy web sites think the phenomenon started only a decade ago and involves an evil scheme in which 40,000 commercial pilots and air traffic controllers are in on the plot to poison their own children."[54]
A 2016 survey of 77 atmospheric scientists concluded that "76 out of 77 (98.7%) of scientists that took part in this study said they had not encountered evidence of a [secret large-scale atmospheric program] (SLAP), and that the data cited as evidence could be explained through other factors, such as typical contrail formation and poor data sampling instructions presented on SLAP websites."[6][55]
Tech. Sgt. Mark Flook, radar technician with the Counterdrug Federal Operations Mobile Air Surveillance System’s unit from Dobbins Air Reserve Base, Georgia, tightens a bolt securing the grounding wire to a satellite dish in preparation for operation Iron Fence, which took place along the Canadian border in northern Minnesota. Counterdrug members of the MASS unit took their unique radar capabilities to northern Minnesota, to assist the U.S. Border Patrol with air surveillance along the Canadian border. (US Air Force photo/Tech. Sgt. Betty J. Squatrito-Martin)
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
Klasický dvoukomorový školní batoh CHI 188 s hravým designem kytiček pro nejmenší školačky v 1. až 3. třídě.
Ergonomicky tvarovaný zádový systém s polstrováním a vyjímatelným hliníkovým rámem společně s délkově nastavitelnými ramenními popruhy zajistí pohodlné a bezpečné používání tohoto batohu.
Zadní i prostřední komory jsou stejně velké, v přední komoře je praktický organizér a šikovná kapsa ze síťoviny. Mezi těmito komorami je důmyslně skrytá, zipem uzavíratelná kapsa na box na svačinu, nebo na jiné věci, které chcete oddělit od ostatních školních potřeb v batohu.
V přední části batohu jsou další dvě podlouhlé kapsy na zip. V jedné z těchto kapes je jednoduchá karabina na klíče. Do této kapsy lze umístit penál CHI 191 ve stejném designu.
Pro oživení vnitřního prostoru batohu je použito pestrobarevné podšívky.
Na jedné straně batohu je menší elastická kapsa na 0,7l láhev s pitím. Druhá menší postranní kapsa obsahuje poutko s karabinou, na kterou je možné zavěsit pytlík na přezůvky nebo si lze do kapsy uschovat jiné drobnosti.
Na popruzích jsou umístěny háčky pro zavěšení dlouhých konců popruhů a držák na PET lahev. Kromě úchytu s plastovou rukojetí pro pohodlné přenášení batohu v ruce je přidáno i poutko na zavěšení batohu na školní lavici. Batoh do školy je doplněn o četné reflexní plochy pro zvýšení viditelnosti školáka za každých povětrnostních podmínek. Dno batohu je chráněno pevným materiálem, plastovými nožkami a zpevněné jsou také spodní hrany.
Součástí batohu je pytlík na papuče a pláštěnka na batoh.
K batohu doporučujeme koupit pouzdro CHI 190 nebo CHI 191 ve stejném designu.
On Saturday, October 7, more than 1,700 of Rochester Regional Health’s friends and employees gathered at the Joseph A. Floreano Rochester Riverside Convention Center for the system’s signature celebration.
Vermont Rail System's Trains Magazine Charter heads west past the depot in Chester on a gorgeous late-September afternoon in 2024. Leading the way up to Rutland was GMRC 405, an ALCO RS1 originally built for the Rutland Railroad.
Masked Booby with its chick on Tern Island in the French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii.
Camera: Olympus OM-1
Lens: Olympus OM-System S Zuiko MC Auto-Zoom f/4 35-70mm.
Film: Kodak Ektachrome E100D Expired 10/20
Developer: The Darkroom
I went on the Wayback Machine to see what Busch System's website back in 2001! There was a page about they're promotional items page.
Školní batoh Topgal CHI 166
Ergonomicky tvarovaný zádový systém s polstrováním a vyjímatelným hliníkovým rámem společně s délkově nastavitelnými ramenními popruhy zajistí pohodlné a bezpečné používání tohoto batohu.
Obě komory tohoto batohu jsou velmi prostorné a pohodlně se do nich vejdou desky, sešity a všechny ostatní školní pomůcky. V přední komoře je praktická kapsa ze síťoviny a organizér.
V přední části batohu jsou dvě menší kapsy pro uložení drobnějších předmětů. Ve spodní a větší z nich je jednoduchá karabina na klíče. Tyto kapsy jsou vhodné na uložení krabičky na svačinu nebo školního pouzdra CHI 174 (není součástí batohu) se stejným motivem.
Na jedné straně batohu je menší elastická kapsa na 1l láhev s pitím. Druhá, menší postranní kapsa obsahuje poutko s karabinou, na kterou je možné zavěsit pytlík na přezůvky, nebo si lze do kapsy uschovat jiné drobnosti. Batoh je doplněn o četné reflexní plochy pro zvýšení bezpečnosti dítěte za každých povětrnostních podmínek. Pro snadné přenášení v ruce je batoh vybaven plastovým úchytem. Dno batohu je chráněno pevným materiálem, plastovými nožkami a zpěvněné jsou také spodní hrany.
Součástí batohu je box na svačinu, pytlík na papuče a pláštěnka na batoh.
Van Damme State Park consists of beach and upland on the Mendocino Coast. Of all the park system's units along the Mendocino coast, Van Damme is perhaps the richest in terms of historical resources connected with the redwood lumber industry. Its story is a prime example of the struggles and eventual failures of a small, independent lumber operation.
Location/Directions
The park is located three miles south of the town of Mendocino on Highway 1. The highway runs through the park separating the campground and the Fern Canyon trail head to the east and the beach and parking lot to the west.
Seasons/Climate - Recommended clothing
The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.
Facilities - Activities
The park features the lush Fern Canyon scenic trail system; the Pygmy Forest where mature, cone-bearing cypress and pine trees stand six inches to eight feet tall; and the bog, or Cabbage Patch, where skunk cabbage grows in abundance. The park's ten miles of trail go along the fern-carpeted canyon of Little River. A paved road is used by joggers and bicyclists. The beach is popular with abalone divers.
Kayak Tours
Visitors can get a unique perspective of the coast line by taking the kayak tours, available through a concession agreement, at the Van Damme beach parking lot.
About the Park
Van Damme State Park was named for Charles Van Damme who was born at Little River in 1881, son of John and Louise Van Damme, early settlers of the region. John Van Damme and his wife were a Flemish couple. The patriarch of the family was born in Bredene, Belgium on May 22, 1832. New research indicates that John Van Damme was born in Bredene, Belgium, not Ostend. "Following the sea" for some years, Van Damme, upon his arrival in Mendocino County, later worked in the lumber mill at Little River. In this settlement all of his children were born, including Charles, whose love for the area prompted his acquiring, after some years as a successful operator of the Richmond-San Rafael ferry line, a plot of ground along the redwood coast. Upon his demise this area became a part of the State Park System in 1934.
In those early days lumbering was a major economic factor in the development of the northern coastline. Little River was built as a mill town in 1864 by Ruel Stickney, Silas Coombs and Tapping Reeves after the property, formally called Kents Cove, was purchased from W. H. Kent in 1862. Before long it had attained fame, not only as a lumber port, but as a shipyard as well. Alas, a stand of timber, if logged, does not last forever and by the end of the century, even though logging was periodically moved back into the headwaters of Little River, the mill was forced to close in 1893.
What was left of Little River soon deteriorated; the shipyard, the wharf, the town, several chutes for loading lumber and the lumber mill itself. Activity at the port, which once hummed with activity, declined. Little River's school, once attended by nearly 100 students, closed; its weekly steamship service ended, and a shipyard where, in 1874, Captain Thomas Peterson turned out full-size lumber schooners for the coast wide trade, phased out. Only the schooner Little River returned, to be wrecked on the very beach from which it originally departed.
Plagued by a lack of sufficient timber reserves, fires, substantial loss of business and trade, deterioration of the port's chutes and wharf, the end of coast wide shipping and the attendant decline in population, Little River reverted to a natural state. Its acquisition by the State Park System in 1934, and the subsequent addition of peripheral lands has preserved some of California's most interesting natural resources.
She was part of the Bell System's ads asking customers to be patient with high call volumes and delays at Christmas time in 1941.
I just noticed my little counter, she's my 15,000th Flickr upload! Maybe the "We're sorry" still applies!
Women Veterans of New Mexico collaborated with HUDVASH (Albuquerque Homeless Veterans) and the VA New Mexico Health Care System's Women's Clinic. Each program was given 15 $50 dollar gift cards to support our homeless Veterans and pregnant women Veterans.
Van Damme State Park consists of beach and upland on the Mendocino Coast. Of all the park system's units along the Mendocino coast, Van Damme is perhaps the richest in terms of historical resources connected with the redwood lumber industry. Its story is a prime example of the struggles and eventual failures of a small, independent lumber operation.
Location/Directions
The park is located three miles south of the town of Mendocino on Highway 1. The highway runs through the park separating the campground and the Fern Canyon trail head to the east and the beach and parking lot to the west.
Seasons/Climate - Recommended clothing
The weather can be changeable; layered clothing is recommended.
Facilities - Activities
The park features the lush Fern Canyon scenic trail system; the Pygmy Forest where mature, cone-bearing cypress and pine trees stand six inches to eight feet tall; and the bog, or Cabbage Patch, where skunk cabbage grows in abundance. The park's ten miles of trail go along the fern-carpeted canyon of Little River. A paved road is used by joggers and bicyclists. The beach is popular with abalone divers.
Kayak Tours
Visitors can get a unique perspective of the coast line by taking the kayak tours, available through a concession agreement, at the Van Damme beach parking lot.
About the Park
Van Damme State Park was named for Charles Van Damme who was born at Little River in 1881, son of John and Louise Van Damme, early settlers of the region. John Van Damme and his wife were a Flemish couple. The patriarch of the family was born in Bredene, Belgium on May 22, 1832. New research indicates that John Van Damme was born in Bredene, Belgium, not Ostend. "Following the sea" for some years, Van Damme, upon his arrival in Mendocino County, later worked in the lumber mill at Little River. In this settlement all of his children were born, including Charles, whose love for the area prompted his acquiring, after some years as a successful operator of the Richmond-San Rafael ferry line, a plot of ground along the redwood coast. Upon his demise this area became a part of the State Park System in 1934.
In those early days lumbering was a major economic factor in the development of the northern coastline. Little River was built as a mill town in 1864 by Ruel Stickney, Silas Coombs and Tapping Reeves after the property, formally called Kents Cove, was purchased from W. H. Kent in 1862. Before long it had attained fame, not only as a lumber port, but as a shipyard as well. Alas, a stand of timber, if logged, does not last forever and by the end of the century, even though logging was periodically moved back into the headwaters of Little River, the mill was forced to close in 1893.
What was left of Little River soon deteriorated; the shipyard, the wharf, the town, several chutes for loading lumber and the lumber mill itself. Activity at the port, which once hummed with activity, declined. Little River's school, once attended by nearly 100 students, closed; its weekly steamship service ended, and a shipyard where, in 1874, Captain Thomas Peterson turned out full-size lumber schooners for the coast wide trade, phased out. Only the schooner Little River returned, to be wrecked on the very beach from which it originally departed.
Plagued by a lack of sufficient timber reserves, fires, substantial loss of business and trade, deterioration of the port's chutes and wharf, the end of coast wide shipping and the attendant decline in population, Little River reverted to a natural state. Its acquisition by the State Park System in 1934, and the subsequent addition of peripheral lands has preserved some of California's most interesting natural resources.
Queens Road tram stop in Cheetham Hill, Manchester, Greater Manchester.
Queens Road is a tram stop on the Bury Line of Greater Manchester's light rail Metrolink system. It originally opened as a staff halt stop only serving the Metrolink system's original Queens Road depot at Metrolink House. The station opened on 16 December 2013. Queens Road is the closest station to the Manchester Museum of Transport on Boyle Street and is adjacent to the Irish World Heritage Centre. The station replaced Woodlands Road tram stop, which closed on the opening day of the stop.
The network has 99 stops along 65 miles (105 km) of standard-gauge track,[9] making it the most extensive light rail system in the United Kingdom. In 2019/20, 44.3 million passenger journeys were made on the system.
It is made up of eight lines which radiate from Manchester city centre to termini at Altrincham, Ashton-under-Lyne, Bury, East Didsbury, Eccles, Manchester Airport, Rochdale, and Trafford Centre. It consists of a mixture of on-street track shared with other traffic; reserved track sections, segregated from other traffic, and converted former railway lines.
A light rail system for Greater Manchester emerged from the failure of the 1970s Picc-Vic tunnel scheme to obtain central government funding. A light-rail scheme was proposed in 1982 as the least expensive rail-based transport solution for Manchester city centre and the surrounding Greater Manchester metropolitan area. Government approval was granted in 1988 and the network began operating services between Bury Interchange and Victoria on 6 April 1992, becoming the United Kingdom's first modern street-running rail system; the 1885-built Blackpool tramway being the only heritage tram system in the UK that had survived up to Metrolink's creation.
Expansion of Metrolink has been a key strategy of transport planners have overseen its development in successive projects, known as Phases 1, 2, 3a and 3b with the most recent phase, 2CC becoming operational in February 2017. The Trafford Park Line extension from Pomona to the Trafford Centre opened in 2020, TfGM have also endorsed more speculative expansion proposals for new lines to Stockport, a loop around Wythenshawe, and the addition of tram-train technology.
Information Source:
The United Nations Secretary-General’s Special Representative for Afghanistan, Ján Kubiš, today visited the northern province of Balkh, where he met Provincial Governor Atta Mohammad Noor in its capital, Mazar-e-Sharif. The two men discussed the impact of the recent floods in the country’s Northern and North Eastern regions, the political and security situation in Balkh province and election-related issues. Mr. Kubiš, who also heads the UN Assistance Mission in Afghanistan (UNAMA), offered his sympathies for the victims of the recent natural disasters. He also reaffirmed the UN system’s commitment to supporting efficient humanitarian aid delivery to the affected areas and to contributing to institutional capacity-building in the field of disaster prevention and management.
Photo: Fardin Waezi / UNAMA
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
A rainy, stormy evening around town. Very strong & gusty southerly winds & heavy rain were observed as this strongly awaited atmospheric river/storm system’s main cold front made ‘landfall’ in the Bay Area. This was indeed the strongest storm so far this season for the region. Conditions outside looked like a tropical storm! Certainly, this was a stormy night for the region. The Sierras were also looking at feet of snowfall before all this is said & done. This evening was just the 1st part of the storm. More heavy rain & wind was in store for the state over the next day or two as this atmospheric river was forecast to inch back north towards the South Bay the very next day... Things would finally die down by Friday. Stay safe out there, everyone! (Video taken Wednesday, January 27, 2021)
*Weather forecast/update: A strong Pacific storm, or atmospheric river, was expected to bring periods of moderate to heavy rain to the region. This system was forecast to arrive by Tuesday (Jan 26) & was to bring periods of heavy rain & high winds. This will likely result in an increased risk of mudslides over steep terrain, debris flow over wildfire burned areas, as well as localized ponding of water in low-lying areas. Up to 3 inches of rain was expected in urban areas & 3-7 inches possible over higher terrain. The entire area from Napa south thru Monterey & San Benito Counties would get a good soaking from this atmospheric river. Latest model guidance suggests the coastal slopes of the Santa Cruz Mountains & Big Sur look to be the primary target of the heaviest rain. On top of this, a high wind watch was also in effect during the period. South winds 20-30 mph with gusts up to 50-60 mph are possible. North Bay, San Francisco Bay Shoreline, East Bay, Santa Cruz Mountains, and the South Bay will all be affected. Timing of the strongest winds are forecast to happen Tuesday evening thru Wednesday morning as this strong system’s cold front sweeps thru. Damaging winds can blow down trees & power lines which may result in power outages… Stay tuned to the latest forecast for the most up-to-date weather info online…
The One UN Pavilion was a space dedicated to the United Nations system and its activities regarding sustainable urban development. It was located next to the main conference venue and hosted the UN system’s events and exhibition. The spaces could also be used for networking purposes with partners. The One UN Pavilion featured, among others, two large rooms with an audience capacity of about 100 people to organize several UN events. Events ran from 16 to 20 October, 8.30 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., in both rooms where each event was allocated a 1.5-hour slot.
The UN Exhibition will open on 15 October 2016 at the UN Pavilion, based on key elements of the effective implementation of the New Urban Agenda that will be showcased from perspectives of the different UN agencies, rather than having traditional booth-type exhibits.
Find out more at:
The Manatee County Public Library System's March 2015 Calendar of Events.
VISIT THE LIBRARY ONLINE at: www.mymanatee.org/library
Scorpion, I/O’s next generation cable-based land recording system, maximizes seismic crew productivity, ensures error-free recording and enables high channel count surveys and full-wave imaging. The system’s field-proven System Four software ensures the channel capacity and features required by today’s increasingly complex survey designs. Scorpion, which supports both digital full-wave VectorSeis and analog geophone acquisition, serves as the platform of choice for robust, efficient, user-friendly data recording in all land and transition zone environments.
Members of NASA’s Exploration Ground System’s Landing and Recovery team and partners from the Department of Defense aboard the USS San Diego practice recovery procedures during Underway Recovery Test 11 (URT-11) off the coast of San Diego on Tuesday, Feb. 27, 2024. The team works to secure the Crew Module Test Article and align it on its stand inside the ship’s well deck. URT-11 is the eleventh in a series of Artemis recovery tests, and the first time NASA and its partners put their Artemis II recovery procedures to the test with the astronauts. Photo credit: NASA/Isaac Watson
NASA image use policy.
Howard County Library System's Evening in the Stacks held on February 22, 2014 at the Miller Branch.
Edited Mars Express collage of images of Mars' Valles Marineris, the largest (known) canyon in the Solar System. Color/processing variant.
Image source: www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/The_Solar_S...
Original caption: Earth’s Grand Canyon inspires awe for anyone who casts eyes upon the vast river-cut valley, but it would seem nothing more than a scratch next to the cavernous scar of Valles Marineris that marks the face of Mars.
Stretching over 4000 km long and 200 km wide, and with a dizzying depth of 10 km, it is some ten times longer and five times deeper than Earth’s Grand Canyon, a size that earns it the status of the largest canyon in the Solar System.
Seen here in new light and online for the first time, this bird’s-eye view of Valles Marineris was created from data captured during 20 individual orbits of ESA’s Mars Express. It is presented in near-true colour and with four times vertical exaggeration.
A wide variety of geological features can be seen, reflecting the complex geological history of the region.
The canyon’s formation is likely intimately linked with the formation of the neighbouring Tharsis bulge, which is out of shot and to the left of this image and home to the largest volcano in the Solar System, Olympus Mons.
The volcanic activity is revealed by the nature of the rocks in the walls of the canyon and the surrounding plains, which were built by successive lava flows.
As the Tharsis bulge swelled with magma during the planet’s first billion years, the surrounding crust was stretched, ripping apart and eventually collapsing into the gigantic troughs of Valles Marineris.
Intricate fault patterns have also developed due to the imposing extensional forces; the most recent are particularly evident in the middle portion of the image and along the lower boundary of the frame.
Landslides have also played a role in shaping the scene, especially in the northern-most troughs, where material has recently slumped down the steep walls. Mass wasting has also created delicate erosion of the highest part of the walls.
Strong water flows may have reshaped Valles Marineris after it was formed, deepening the canyon. Mineralogical information collected by orbiting spacecraft, including Mars Express, shows that the terrain here was altered by water hundreds of millions of years ago.