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The eastern lubber is surely the most distinctive grasshopper species in the southeastern United States. It is well known both for its size and its unique coloration. The wings offer little help with mobility for they are rarely more than half the length of the abdomen. This species is incapable of flight and can jump only short distances. The eastern lubber is quite clumsy and slow in movement and mostly travels by walking and crawling feebly over the substrate.
Lubbers have aposematic colouration: their bright colours warn predators that they are not palatable. In the wild, if approached by a predator, the lubber will display its red rear wings, which are normally kept folded beneath the front wings. If the predator is not scared off by the colour warning and comes into contact with the lubber, the lubber will secrete a foam from its thorax that creates a chemical mist around the insect. A bad odour and a hissing noise accompany this chemical mist. If that does not deter the predator, the lubber regurgitates a toxin-rich liquid made from recently-eaten plant material that contains noxious chemicals. In this way, the insect recycles the noxious chemicals it ingests to protect itself from being ingested. This regurgitate is called "tobacco spit" and can stain clothing. The loggerhead shrike is one bird that has learned to eat the lubber. It impales the grasshopper and lets it sit for a few days. The toxins dissipate leaving the grasshopper edible.
Karvane nahkis + vööt-tagel + pruun kõhrik.
Karvanahakka + pinovyökääpä + liuskahytykkä.
Substrate: Betula.
Rehessaare, Kõrvemaa.
La Concha, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España.
La playa de la Concha es una playa situada en la bahÃa de la Concha de la ciudad de San Sebastián (España).
Ubicada al oeste de la desembocadura del rÃo Urumea, separada del mismo por el monte Urgull y el centro de la ciudad y alojada en la bahÃa de la Concha, tiene una longitud media de 1 350 m, una anchura media de 40 m y una superficie media de 54 000 m².
Es una playa de sustrato arenoso y poca profundidad, en la que el recorrido de las mareas a menudo limita la superficie útil para el uso. Puede considerarse una playa de entorno urbano y uso masivo. Además, desde 2007, es uno de los 12 Tesoros de España.
La Concha beach is a beach located in the bay of La Concha in the city of San Sebastián (Spain).
Located west of the mouth of the Urumea River, separated from it by Mount Urgull and the center of the city and housed in the Bay of Concha, has an average length of 1 350 m, an average width of 40 m and an average area 54,000 m².
It is a beach of sandy substrate and shallow depth, in which the route of the tides often limits the area useful for use. It can be considered a beach of urban environment and massive use. In addition, since 2007, it is one of the 12 Treasures of Spain.
Substrate: Quercus robur.
Eesti punase nimestiku liik, äärmiselt ohustatud (CR). LK II.
Rakvere, Lääne-Virumaa.
ancient bristlecone pine, Pinus longaeva, California, Patriarch Grove, White Mountains, Fishlake Valley drainage, elevation 3469 m (11380 ft). Substrate is carbonate (dolomite).
This species is found only at high elevations of dry, isolated, sky-island mountain ranges in the Great Basin of western North America, usually with a preference for nutrient-poor carbonate soils and outcrops, like at this location. Besides reducing competition and available fuel for fires, these severe conditions force very slow growth rates that result in dense, resinous, disease-resistant and highly durable wood.
Currently the oldest living individuals are known from here in the White Mountains of eastern California, where the oldest was reported to be 5062 years old as of 2012. Over this much time, roots become exposed by slow natural erosion, even in this relatively dry cold desert environment, and many branches die, resulting in the picturesque forms of many older trees.
Even after death, standing and fallen wood lasts for thousands of years more, and has helped to reconstruct an unbroken tree ring record of climatic variation going back over 9,000 years. This is long enough that the wood of ancient bristlecone pines has been used to help calibrate the Carbon-14 dating process.
Image from Kodachrome-64 color transparency film exposed with an Olympus OM-4T and Tamron 28-70mm zoom-macro lens. Scanned at 4000 dpi with a Nikon Coolscan 5000, and restored using Corel Paintshop Pro X4.