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Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augusta,_Georgia
Augusta, officially Augusta–Richmond County, is a consolidated city-county on the central eastern border of the U.S. state of Georgia. The city lies across the Savannah River from South Carolina at the head of its navigable portion. Georgia's second-largest city after Atlanta, Augusta is located in the Piedmont section of the state.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Augusta–Richmond County had a 2017 estimated population of 197,166, not counting the unconsolidated cities of Blythe and Hephzibah. It is the 123rd largest city in the United States. The process of consolidation between the City of Augusta and Richmond County began with a 1995 referendum in the two jurisdictions. The merger was completed on July 1, 1996. Augusta is the principal city of the Augusta metropolitan area, situated in both Georgia and South Carolina on both sides of the Savannah River. In 2017 it had an estimated population of 600,151, making it the second-largest metro area in the state. It is the 93rd largest metropolitan area in the United States.
Augusta was established in 1736 and is named for Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha (1719–1772), the bride of Frederick, Prince of Wales and the mother of the British monarch George III. During the American Civil War, Augusta housed the principal Confederate powder works. Augusta's warm climate made it a major resort town of the Eastern United States in the early and mid-20th century. Internationally, Augusta is best known for hosting The Masters golf tournament each spring. The Masters brings over 200,000 visitors from across the world to the Augusta National Golf Club. Membership at Augusta National is widely considered to be the most exclusive in the sport of golf across the world.
Augusta lies approximately two hours east of downtown Atlanta by car via I-20. The city is home to Fort Gordon, a major U.S. Army base. In 2016, it was announced that the new National Cyber Security Headquarters would be based in Augusta, bringing as many as 10,000 cyber security specialists to the Fort Gordon area.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_Powderworks
The Confederate Powderworks (a.k.a. the Augusta Powderworks) was a gunpowder factory during the American Civil War, the only permanent structures completed by the Confederate States of America. Colonel George Rains chose the old United States Arsenal site between the Canal and Savannah River in Augusta, Georgia as a secure inland location with good rail and water connections.
Source: www.nps.gov/nr/travel/augusta/sibleymill.html
At the beginning of the Civil War gunpowder supplies for the Confederate armies were insufficient. In 1861 Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy, charged Colonel George Washington Rains with solving this issue by creating a local supply of gunpowder. Rains chose the flat lands by the Augusta Canal as the most suitable site for making the much needed gunpowder. He named Major Charles Shaler Smith as architect to design the Confederate Powder Works.
Work on the plant commenced in 1862 with materials gathered from the southern states including Georgia, Alabama, Tennessee, Virginia, and North Carolina. When completed, the powder works lined the banks of the Augusta Canal for two miles. The plant was organized for manufacturing efficiency. Raw materials entered at the first of 26 buildings and exited as gunpowder at the last. The most prominent of the buildings was the refinery, which resembled the British House of Parliament. Constructed directly in front of it was a tall smokestack in the shape of an obelisk, the only structure remaining today from the powder works.
The Confederate Powder Works, the only permanent edifice constructed by the Confederate States of America, was in operation until April 1865. During its lifetime, the facility produced approximately 7,000 pounds of gunpowder per day for a final total of 2,750,000 pounds. The Augusta Powder Works produced enough gunpowder to fully meet the needs of the Confederate armies and still retained a surplus of 70,000 pounds at the end of the war.
The Federal Government confiscated the powder works land and sold it between 1868 and 1871. By 1872, the buildings and structures remaining were deemed useless, and a project to widen the canal caused the demolition of most. At the request of Rains, the smokestack was left standing as a memorial to those who fought for the Confederacy.
As an early economic development project, a group of local business men formed the Sibley Manufacturing Company in 1880 and procured the site of the former Confederate Powder Works along the Augusta Canal. Brick from the demolished powder works was used in the construction of the Sibley Mill between 1880 and 1882. With the appearance of a medieval castle or fortress, the mill resembles the powder works it replaced. Designed to the specifications of Jones S. Davis by local architect Enoch William Brown, it is architecturally impressive and distinctive with its crenellated façade and corner towers, its massive size. and its Sibley Family Coat of Arms emblazoned on the towers.
Soon after the mill began operation, it became one of the largest and most successful cotton mills in the region, a model of good management and worker relations. Eventually, Sibley Mill became a part of the Graniteville Mills. Modernized in order to compete in an ever-increasing world market, the mill continued in operation until 2006, making denim used by major clothing manufacturers. Although no longer used for textile production, the mill's water-driven turbines still generate electricity which is sold to Georgia Power. Local businessman Clayton Boardman, who successfully rehabilitated the Enterprise Mill in the 1990s as living and office space, acquired the Sibley in 2007.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badlands_National_Park
Badlands National Park (Lakota: Makȟóšiča) is an American national park located in southwestern South Dakota. The park protects 242,756 acres (379.3 sq mi; 982.4 km2) of sharply eroded buttes and pinnacles, along with the largest undisturbed mixed grass prairie in the United States. The National Park Service manages the park, with the South Unit being co-managed with the Oglala Lakota tribe.
The Badlands Wilderness protects 64,144 acres (100.2 sq mi; 259.6 km2) of the park's North Unit as a designated wilderness area, and is one site where the black-footed ferret, one of the most endangered mammals in the world, was reintroduced to the wild. The South Unit, or Stronghold District, includes sites of 1890s Ghost Dances, a former United States Air Force bomb and gunnery range, and Red Shirt Table, the park's highest point at 3,340 feet (1,020 m).
Authorized as Badlands National Monument on March 4, 1929, it was not established until January 25, 1939. Badlands was redesignated a national park on November 10, 1978. Under the Mission 66 plan, the Ben Reifel Visitor Center was constructed for the monument in 1957–58. The park also administers the nearby Minuteman Missile National Historic Site. The movies Dances with Wolves (1990) and Thunderheart (1992) were partially filmed in Badlands National Park.
This national park was originally a reservation of the Oglala Sioux Indians and spans the southern unit of the park. The area around Stronghold Table was originally Sioux territory, and is revered as a ceremonial sacred site rather than a place to live.
In 1868, at the Second Treaty of Fort Laramie, the United States assured the Sioux that the Badlands shall forever be the property of the Sioux. In 1889, however, the treaty was broken and the Badlands were confiscated by the United States and unilaterally incorporated into a national park.
At the end of the 19th century, the Sioux Indians used this area as the site of the Ghost Dance, a ceremony to revive the souls of buffalo and the dead. After the last ghost dance in 1890, the United States banned the ritual, but it was revived by the Red Power movement, a movement to restore Indian rights that began in the 1960s. In 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court awarded compensation to the Sioux for the abrogation of the 1868 treaty, but the Sioux did not accept the money.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(South Dakota) "داكوتا الجنوبية" "南达科他州" "Dakota du Sud" "दक्षिण डकोटा" "サウスダコタ" "사우스다코타" "Южная Дакота" "Dakota del Sur"
(Badlands) "الاراضي الوعره" "荒地" "बैडलैंड्स" "バッドランズ" "황무지" "Бесплодные земли" "Tierras baldías"
Source: Scan of image in "A Century of Service", p.46.
Author: Bernard Darwin.
Date: 1947.
Copyright: GWR - BRWR - Crown.
Repository: Local Studies, Swindon Central Library.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City
New York City (NYC), often called the City of New York or simply New York (NY), is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2018 population of 8,398,748 distributed over about 302.6 square miles (784 km2), New York is also the most densely populated major city in the United States. Located at the southern tip of the U.S. state of New York, the city is the center of the New York metropolitan area, the largest metropolitan area in the world by urban landmass. With almost 20 million people in its metropolitan statistical area and approximately 23 million in its combined statistical area, it is one of the world's most populous megacities. New York City has been described as the cultural, financial, and media capital of the world, significantly influencing commerce, entertainment, research, technology, education, politics, tourism, art, fashion, and sports. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy.
Situated on one of the world's largest natural harbors, New York City is composed of five boroughs, each of which is a county of the State of New York. The five boroughs—Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, the Bronx, and Staten Island—were consolidated into a single city in 1898. The city and its metropolitan area constitute the premier gateway for legal immigration to the United States. As many as 800 languages are spoken in New York, making it the most linguistically diverse city in the world. New York is home to more than 3.2 million residents born outside the United States, the largest foreign-born population of any city in the world as of 2016. As of 2019, the New York metropolitan area is estimated to produce a gross metropolitan product (GMP) of $2.0 trillion. If greater New York City were a sovereign state, it would have the 12th highest GDP in the world. New York is home to the highest number of billionaires of any city in the world.
New York City traces its origins to a trading post founded by colonists from the Dutch Republic in 1624 on Lower Manhattan; the post was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, the Duke of York. New York was the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790, and has been the largest U.S. city since 1790. The Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the U.S. by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the U.S. and its ideals of liberty and peace. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a global node of creativity and entrepreneurship and environmental sustainability, and as a symbol of freedom and cultural diversity. In 2019, New York was voted the greatest city in the world per a survey of over 30,000 people from 48 cities worldwide, citing its cultural diversity.
Many districts and landmarks in New York City are well known, including three of the world's ten most visited tourist attractions in 2013. A record 62.8 million tourists visited New York City in 2017. Times Square is the brightly illuminated hub of the Broadway Theater District, one of the world's busiest pedestrian intersections, and a major center of the world's entertainment industry. Many of the city's landmarks, skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattan's real estate market is among the most expensive in the world. New York is home to the largest ethnic Chinese population outside of Asia, with multiple distinct Chinatowns across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service and contributing to the nickname The City that Never Sleeps, the New York City Subway is the largest single-operator rapid transit system worldwide, with 472 rail stations. The city has over 120 colleges and universities, including Columbia University, New York University, Rockefeller University, and the City University of New York system, which is the largest urban public university system in the United States. Manhattan is home to the world's two largest stock exchanges by total market capitalization, namely the New York Stock Exchange, located on Wall Street in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan, and NASDAQ, headquartered in Midtown Manhattan.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people (as of 2016) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) proper had a 2016 population of 6,417,516. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.
People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 (243.3 sq mi).
The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.
Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Its varied cultural institutions, which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities, attract over 43 million tourists each year. Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower.
The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations. Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, aerospace, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Ontario_Museum
The Royal Ontario Museum (ROM; French: Musée royal de l'Ontario) is a museum of art, world culture and natural history in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is one of the largest museums in North America and the largest in Canada. It attracts more than one million visitors every year, making the ROM the most-visited museum in Canada. The museum is north of Queen's Park, in the University of Toronto district, with its main entrance on Bloor Street West. Museum subway station is named after the ROM and, since a 2008 renovation, is decorated to resemble the institution's collection.
Established on 16 April 1912 and opened on 19 March 1914, the museum has maintained close relations with the University of Toronto throughout its history, often sharing expertise and resources. The museum was under the direct control and management of the University of Toronto until 1968, when it became an independent Crown agency of the Government of Ontario. Today, the museum is Canada's largest field-research institution, with research and conservation activities around the world.
With more than 6,000,000 items and 40 galleries, the museum's diverse collections of world culture and natural history contribute to its international reputation. The museum contains a collection of dinosaurs, minerals and meteorites; Canadian, and European historical artifacts; as well as African, Near Eastern, and East Asian art. It houses the world's largest collection of fossils from the Burgess Shale with more than 150,000 specimens. The museum also contains an extensive collection of design and fine art, including clothing, interior, and product design, especially Art Deco.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Palace
The Summer Palace (Chinese: 頤和園; pinyin: Yíhéyuán), is a vast ensemble of lakes, gardens and palaces in Beijing. It was an imperial garden in the Qing Dynasty. Mainly dominated by Longevity Hill (万寿山; 萬壽山; Wànshòu Shān) and Kunming Lake, it covers an expanse of 2.9 square kilometres (1.1 sq mi), three-quarters of which is water.
Longevity Hill is about 60 m (200 ft) high and has many buildings positioned in sequence. The front hill is rich with splendid halls and pavilions, while the back hill, in sharp contrast, is quiet with natural beauty. The central Kunming Lake, covering 2.2 square kilometres (540 acres), was entirely man-made and the excavated soil was used to build Longevity Hill.
In December 1998, UNESCO included the Summer Palace on its World Heritage List. It declared the Summer Palace "a masterpiece of Chinese landscape garden design. The natural landscape of hills and open water is combined with artificial features such as pavilions, halls, palaces, temples and bridges to form a harmonious ensemble of outstanding aesthetic value".
Notably in recent history, it is also the Central Route terminus of the South-North Water Transfer Project having traversed 1,267 km (787 mi) from Danjiangkou Reservoir, Hubei, making it Beijing’s main water supply.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston
Boston, officially the City of Boston, is the capital and largest city of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the cultural and financial center of the New England region of the Northeastern United States. The city boundaries encompass an area of about 48.4 sq mi (125 km2) and a population of 675,647 as of 2020. The city is the economic and cultural anchor of a substantially larger metropolitan area known as Greater Boston, a metropolitan statistical area (MSA) home to 4,941,632 people as of 2020, ranking as the eleventh-largest MSA in the country. A broader combined statistical area (CSA), generally corresponding to the commuting area and including Worcester, Massachusetts and Providence, Rhode Island, is home to approximately 8.2 million people, making it the seventh-most populous in the United States.
Boston is one of the nation's oldest municipalities, founded on the Shawmut Peninsula in 1630 by Puritan settlers from the English town of the same name. During the American Revolution and the nation's founding, Boston was the location of several key events, including the Boston Massacre, the Boston Tea Party, the hanging of Paul Revere's lantern signal in Old North Church, the Battle of Bunker Hill, and the siege of Boston. Following American independence from Great Britain, the city continued to play an important role as a port, manufacturing hub, and center for American education and culture. The city has expanded beyond the original peninsula through land reclamation and municipal annexation. Its rich history attracts many tourists, with Faneuil Hall alone drawing more than 20 million visitors per year. Boston's many firsts include the United States' first public park (Boston Common, 1634), the first public school (Boston Latin School, 1635), the first subway system (Tremont Street subway, 1897), and the first large public library (Boston Public Library, 1848).
In the 21st century, Boston has emerged as a global leader in higher education and academic research. Greater Boston's many colleges and universities include Harvard University and MIT, both located in suburban Cambridge and both routinely included among the world's most highly ranked universities. The city is also a national leader in scientific research, law, medicine, engineering, and business. With nearly 5,000 startup companies, the city is considered a global pioneer in innovation and entrepreneurship. Boston's economic base also includes finance, professional and business services, biotechnology, information technology, and government activities. Households in the city claim the highest average rate of philanthropy in the United States. Boston businesses and institutions rank among the top in the country for environmental sustainability and new investment.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston_Harbor
Boston Harbor is a natural harbor and estuary of Massachusetts Bay, and is located adjacent to the city of Boston, Massachusetts. It is home to the Port of Boston, a major shipping facility in the Northeastern United States.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis"
(Massachusetts) "ماساتشوستس" "麻萨诸塞州" "मैसाचुसेट्स" "マサチューセッツ" "매사추세츠 주" "Массачусетс"
(Boston) "بوسطن" "波士顿" "बोस्टन" "ボストン" "보스턴" "Бостон"
Source: Andel, J. et al. Ladislav Sutnar: Prague – New York – design in action, Prague: Museum of Decorative Arts in Prague & Argo Publishers, 2003.
Partially-demolished stores that were once-hidden behind drywall -- an attempt by the Mall to conceal the abortion that is a decade-old, never-completed expansion project. Two anchors - and at this end: some of the mall itself - were razed and the openings crudely covered up in one of the biggest "WTF were they thinking" moves I've ever seen.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Budapest
Budapest is the capital and most populous city of Hungary. It is the tenth-largest city in the European Union by population within city limits and the second-largest city on the river Danube. The estimated population of the city in 2025 is 1,782,240. This includes the city's population and surrounding suburban areas, over a land area of about 525 square kilometres (203 square miles). Budapest, which is both a city and municipality, forms the centre of the Budapest metropolitan area, which has an area of 7,626 square kilometres (2,944 square miles) and a population of 3,019,479. It is a primate city, constituting 33% of the population of Hungary.
The history of Budapest began when an early Celtic settlement transformed into the Roman town of Aquincum, the capital of Lower Pannonia. The Hungarians arrived in the territory in the late 9th century, but the area was pillaged by the Mongols in 1241–42. Re-established Buda became one of the centres of Renaissance humanist culture by the 15th century. The Battle of Mohács, in 1526, was followed by nearly 150 years of Ottoman rule. After the reconquest of Buda in 1686, the region entered a new age of prosperity, with Pest-Buda becoming a global city after the unification of Buda, Óbuda and Pest on 17 November 1873, with the name 'Budapest' given to the new capital. Budapest also became the co-capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, a great power that dissolved in 1918, following World War I. The city was the focal point of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 and the Battle of Budapest in 1945, as well as the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
Budapest is a global city with strengths in commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment. Budapest is Hungary's financial centre. Budapest hosts the headquarters of the European Institute of Innovation and Technology, the European Police College and the first foreign office of the China Investment Promotion Agency. Over 40 colleges and universities are located in Budapest, including Eötvös Loránd University, Corvinus University, Semmelweis University, University of Veterinary Medicine Budapest and the Budapest University of Technology and Economics. Opened in 1896, the city's subway system, the Budapest Metro, serves 1.27 million, while the Budapest Tram Network serves 1.08 million passengers daily.
The central area of Budapest along the Danube is classified as a UNESCO World Heritage Site and has several notable monuments of classical architecture, including the Hungarian Parliament and the Buda Castle. The city also has around 80 geothermal springs, the largest thermal water cave system, second largest synagogue, and third largest Parliament building in the world. Budapest attracts around 12 million international tourists per year, making it a highly popular destination in Europe.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(Hungary) "المجر" "匈牙利" "Hongrie" "Ungarn" "הונגריה" "हंगरी" "ハンガリー" "헝가리" "Венгрия" "Hungría"
(Budapest) "بودابست" "布达佩斯" "בודפשט" "बुडापेस्ट" "ブダペスト" "부다페스트" "Будапешт"
(Europe) Europa "European Union" "أوروبا" "欧洲" "אירופה" "यूरोप" "ヨーロッパ" "유럽" "Европа"
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington or D.C., is the capital of the United States. Founded after the American Revolution as the seat of government of the newly independent country, Washington was named after George Washington, first President of the United States and Founding Father. As the seat of the United States federal government and several international organizations, Washington is an important world political capital. The city is also one of the most visited cities in the world, with more than 20 million tourists annually.
The signing of the Residence Act on July 16, 1790, approved the creation of a capital district located along the Potomac River on the country's East Coast. The U.S. Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the U.S. Congress, and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, which included the pre-existing settlements of Georgetown and Alexandria. The City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land originally ceded by Virginia; in 1871, it created a single municipal government for the remaining portion of the District.
Washington had an estimated population of 702,455 as of July 2018, making it the 20th most populous city in the United States. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the city's daytime population to more than one million during the workweek. Washington's metropolitan area, the country's sixth largest, had a 2017 estimated population of 6.2 million residents.
All three branches of the U.S. federal government are centered in the District: Congress (legislative), president (executive), and the U.S. Supreme Court (judicial). Washington is home to many national monuments, and museums, primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 177 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of many international organizations, trade unions, non-profit, lobbying groups, and professional associations, including the World Bank Group, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the Organization of American States, AARP, the National Geographic Society, the Human Rights Campaign, the International Finance Corporation, and the American Red Cross.
A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973. However, Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D.C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, but the District has no representation in the Senate. The District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Cherry_Blossom_Festival
The National Cherry Blossom Festival is a spring celebration in Washington, D.C., commemorating the March 27, 1912, gift of Japanese cherry trees from Mayor Yukio Ozaki of Tokyo City to the city of Washington, D.C. Mayor Ozaki donated the trees to enhance the growing friendship between the United States and Japan and also celebrate the continued close relationship between the two nations. Large and colorful helium balloons, floats, marching bands from across the country, music and showmanship are parts of the Festival's parade and other events.
SN/NC: Tabebuia Roseo-alba, Bignoniaceae Family
The common name "roble" is sometimes found in English. Tabebuias have been called "trumpet trees", but this name is usually applied to other trees and has become a source of confusion and misidentification.
Tabebuia consists almost entirely of trees, but a few are often large shrubs. A few species produce timber, but the genus is mostly known for those that are cultivated as flowering trees.
Tabebuia is native to the American tropics and subtropics from Mexico and the Caribbean to Argentina. Most of the species are from Cuba and Hispaniola. It is commonly cultivated and often naturalized or adventive beyond its natural range. It easily escapes cultivation because of its numerous, wind-borne seeds.
In 1992, a revision of Tabebuia described 99 species and one hybrid.Phylogenetic studies of DNA sequences later showed that Tabebuia, as then circumscribed, was polyphyletic. In 2007, it was divided into three separate genera.Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) and a related species with no unique common name (Roseodendron chryseum) were transferred to Roseodendron. Those species known as ipê and pau d'arco (in Portuguese) or poui were transferred to Handroanthus. Sixty-seven species remained in Tabebuia. The former genus and polyphyletic group of 99 species described by Gentry in 1992 is now usually referred to as "Tabebuia sensu lato".
O nome comum "roble" é por vezes encontrado em inglês. As tabebuias são chamadas de "árvores-de-trombeta", mas este nome é geralmente aplicado a outras árvores e tornou-se uma fonte de confusão e identificação incorreta. A espécie Tabebuia é composta quase inteiramente por árvores, mas algumas são frequentemente arbustos grandes. Algumas espécies produzem madeira, mas o género é mais conhecido pelas que são cultivadas como árvores ornamentais. A Tabebuia é nativa dos trópicos e subtrópicos americanos, do México e do Caribe até à Argentina. A maioria das espécies é de Cuba e Hispaniola. É comumente cultivada e muitas vezes naturalizada ou adventícia além da sua área de distribuição natural. Escapa facilmente ao cultivo devido às suas numerosas sementes transportadas pelo vento. Em 1992, uma revisão do género Tabebuia descreveu 99 espécies e um híbrido. Estudos filogenéticos de sequências de ADN mostraram mais tarde que a Tabebuia, conforme foi circunscrita na época, era polifilética. Em 2007, foi dividida em três géneros separados. A Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) e uma espécie relacionada sem nome comum único (Roseodendron chryseum) foram transferidas para o género Roseodendron. As espécies conhecidas como ipê e pau d'arco (em português) ou poui foram transferidas para o género Handroanthus. Sessenta e sete espécies permaneceram em Tabebuia. O antigo género e grupo polifilético de 99 espécies descrito por Gentry em 1992 é agora geralmente referido como " Tabebuia sensu lato ".
Ipê-branco (Tabebuia roseoalba) é uma árvore brasileira, descrita inicialmente em 1890 como Bignonia roseo-alba. Seus nomes, tanto científico quanto popular, vêm do tupi-guarani: ipê significa "árvore de casca grossa" e tabebuia é "pau" ou "madeira que flutua".
É uma árvore usada como ornamental, nativa do cerrado e pantanal brasileiros. É conhecida como planta do mel no Brasil e Argentina.
El nombre común "roble" a veces se encuentra en inglés. A los Tabebuia se les ha llamado "árboles de trompeta", pero este nombre generalmente se aplica a otros árboles y se ha convertido en una fuente de confusión e identificación errónea. Tabebuia consiste casi en su totalidad en árboles, pero algunos a menudo son arbustos grandes. Algunas especies producen madera, pero el género es más conocido por aquellas que se cultivan como árboles florecidos. Tabebuia es nativa de los trópicos y subtrópicos americanos, desde México y el Caribe hasta Argentina. La mayoría de las especies son de Cuba y La Española. Se cultiva comúnmente y a menudo se naturaliza o adventicia más allá de su área de distribución natural. Escapa fácilmente del cultivo debido a sus numerosas semillas transportadas por el viento. En 1992, una revisión de Tabebuia describió 99 especies y un híbrido. Estudios filogenéticos de secuencias de ADN mostraron más tarde que Tabebuia, tal como estaba circunscrita en ese entonces, era polifilética. En 2007, se dividió en tres géneros separados. La Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) y una especie relacionada sin nombre común único (Roseodendron chryseum) fueron transferidas a Roseodendron. Aquellas especies conocidas como ipê y pau d'arco (en portugués) o poui fueron transferidas a Handroanthus. Sesenta y siete especies permanecieron en Tabebuia. El antiguo género y grupo polifilético de 99 especies descrito por Gentry en 1992 ahora se conoce generalmente como " Tabebuia sensu lato ".
Tabebuia es un género que comprende alrededor de un centenar de especies de árboles nativos de la zona intertropical de América, extendidas desde México, Perú y el Caribe —donde se encuentra la mayoría de las especies— hasta el centro-norte de Argentina y Paraguay. En 1970 un nuevo género (Handroanthus) fue creado para situar muchas de las espécies de Tabebuia. Es el árbol nacional del Paraguay, donde se lo denomina "tajy".
Il nome comune "roble" a volte si trova in inglese. I Tabebuia sono stati chiamati "alberi della tromba", ma questo nome viene solitamente applicato ad altri alberi ed è diventato una fonte di confusione e errata identificazione. Il genere Tabebuia è composto quasi interamente da alberi, ma alcuni sono spesso grandi arbusti. Alcune specie producono legname, ma il genere è principalmente noto per quelle coltivate come alberi da fiore. Tabebuia è originaria delle regioni tropicali e subtropicali americane, dal Messico e dai Caraibi all'Argentina. La maggior parte delle specie proviene da Cuba e Hispaniola. È comunemente coltivata e spesso naturalizzata o avventizia al di fuori del suo areale naturale. Fugge facilmente alla coltivazione a causa dei suoi numerosi semi trasportati dal vento. Nel 1992, una revisione di Tabebuia descrisse 99 specie e un ibrido. Successivamente, studi filogenetici sulle sequenze di DNA hanno dimostrato che Tabebuia, così come era circoscritta all'epoca, era polifiletica. Nel 2007, è stata divisa in tre generi separati. La Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) e una specie correlata senza un nome comune unico (Roseodendron chryseum) furono trasferite a Roseodendron. Quelle specie conosciute come ipê e pau d'arco (in portoghese) o poui furono trasferite a Handroanthus. Sessantasette specie rimasero in Tabebuia. L'ex genere e gruppo polifiletico di 99 specie descritto da Gentry nel 1992 è ora generalmente indicato come " Tabebuia sensu lato ".
Le nom commun « roble » se trouve parfois en anglais. Les Tabebuia ont été appelés « arbres à trompettes », mais ce nom est généralement appliqué à d'autres arbres et est devenu une source de confusion et de mauvaise identification. Le genre Tabebuia se compose presque entièrement d'arbres, mais quelques-uns sont souvent de grands arbustes. Quelques espèces produisent du bois, mais le genre est surtout connu pour celles qui sont cultivées comme arbres à fleurs. Tabebuia est originaire des tropiques et subtropiques américains, du Mexique et des Caraïbes jusqu'à l'Argentine. La plupart des espèces proviennent de Cuba et d'Hispaniola. Il est couramment cultivé et souvent naturalisé ou adventice au-delà de son aire de répartition naturelle. Il s'échappe facilement de la culture en raison de ses nombreuses graines disséminées par le vent. En 1992, une révision de Tabebuia a décrit 99 espèces et un hybride. Des études phylogénétiques de séquences d'ADN ont ensuite montré que Tabebuia, tel que circonscrit à l'époque, était polyphylétique. En 2007, il a été divisé en trois genres distincts. Le Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) et une espèce apparentée sans nom commun unique (Roseodendron chryseum) ont été transférés à Roseodendron. Les espèces connues sous le nom d'ipê et de pau d'arco (en portugais) ou poui ont été transférées à Handroanthus. Soixante-sept espèces sont restées dans Tabebuia. L'ancien genre et groupe polyphylétique de 99 espèces décrit par Gentry en 1992 est maintenant généralement appelé « Tabebuia sensu lato ».
De algemene naam "roble" wordt soms in het Engels aangetroffen. Tabebuia's worden "trompetbomen" genoemd, maar deze naam wordt meestal voor andere bomen gebruikt en is een bron van verwarring en verkeerde identificatie geworden. Tabebuia bestaat bijna volledig uit bomen, maar een paar zijn vaak grote struiken. Enkele soorten produceren timmerhout, maar het geslacht is vooral bekend om de soorten die als bloeiende bomen worden gekweekt. Tabebuia is inheems in de Amerikaanse tropen en subtropen, van Mexico en het Caribisch gebied tot Argentinië. De meeste soorten komen uit Cuba en Hispaniola. Het wordt algemeen gekweekt en is vaak genaturaliseerd of adventief buiten zijn natuurlijke verspreidingsgebied. Het ontsnapt gemakkelijk uit cultivatie vanwege zijn talrijke, door de wind verspreide zaden. In 1992 beschreef een revisie van Tabebuia 99 soorten en één hybride. Fylogenetische studies van DNA-sequenties toonden later aan dat Tabebuia, zoals het toen werd omschreven, polyfyletisch was. In 2007 werd het verdeeld in drie aparte geslachten. Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) en een verwante soort zonder unieke algemene naam (Roseodendron chryseum) werden overgebracht naar Roseodendron. Soorten die bekend staan als ipê en pau d'arco (in het Portugees) of poui werden overgebracht naar Handroanthus. Zevenenzestig soorten bleven in Tabebuia. Het voormalige geslacht en polyfyletische groep van 99 soorten die in 1992 door Gentry werden beschreven, wordt nu gewoonlijk " Tabebuia sensu lato " genoemd.
Der gebräuchliche Name "Roble" ist manchmal im Englischen zu finden. Tabebuia wurden "Trompetenbäume" genannt, aber dieser Name wird normalerweise für andere Bäume verwendet und ist zu einer Quelle von Verwirrung und Fehlidentifizierung geworden. Tabebuia besteht fast ausschließlich aus Bäumen, aber einige sind oft große Sträucher. Einige Arten liefern Nutzholz, aber die Gattung ist hauptsächlich für diejenigen bekannt, die als Zierbäume kultiviert werden. Tabebuia ist in den amerikanischen Tropen und Subtropen von Mexiko und der Karibik bis Argentinien beheimatet. Die meisten Arten stammen aus Kuba und Hispaniola. Sie wird häufig kultiviert und oft über ihr natürliches Verbreitungsgebiet hinaus eingebürgert oder adventiv. Sie entgeht leicht der Kultivierung aufgrund ihrer zahlreichen, windverbreiteten Samen. Im Jahr 1992 beschrieb eine Revision von Tabebuia 99 Arten und einen Hybriden. Phylogenetische Studien von DNA-Sequenzen zeigten später, dass Tabebuia, wie es damals umschrieben wurde, polyphyletisch war. Im Jahr 2007 wurde es in drei separate Gattungen aufgeteilt. Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) und eine verwandte Art ohne eindeutigen gebräuchlichen Namen (Roseodendron chryseum) wurden zu Roseodendron transferiert. Jene Arten, die als Ipê und Pau d'arco (auf Portugiesisch) oder Poui bekannt sind, wurden zu Handroanthus transferiert. Siebenundsechzig Arten verblieben in Tabebuia. Die ehemalige Gattung und polyphyletische Gruppe von 99 Arten, die 1992 von Gentry beschrieben wurde, wird jetzt通常als " Tabebuia sensu lato " bezeichnet.
一般的な名称「ロブル（roble）」は、英語で時折見られる。タベブイア属は「トランペットツリー」と呼ばれてきたが、この名前は通常他の樹木に適用され、混乱と誤同定の原因となっている。 タベブイア属はほとんどが高木であるが、いくつかはしばしば大きな低木となる。いくつかの種は材木を産するが、この属は主に花を観賞するために栽培される種で知られている。 タベブイア属はメキシコとカリブ海からアルゼンチンに至るアメリカ大陸の熱帯および亜熱帯地域が原産である。大部分の種はキューバとヒスパニョーラ島（ハイチとドミニカ共和国）に由来する。一般的に栽培され、しばしば自然分布範囲を超えて帰化または外来種化している。風で運ばれる多数の種子のため、容易に栽培から逸脱する。 1992年、タベブイア属の改訂により99種と1雑種が記載された。後のDNA配列の系統解析により、当時規定されていたタベブイア属が多系統群であることが示された。2007年、それは3つの別々の属に分割された。プリマベラ（Roseodendron donnell-smithii）と固有の一般名を持たない近縁種（Roseodendron chryseum）はロセオデンドロン属（Roseodendron）に移された。イペ（ipê）やパウ・ダルコ（pau d'arco）（ポルトガル語）またはプイ（poui）として知られる種はハンドロアンサス属（Handroanthus）に移された。67種がタベブイア属に残った。1992年にジェントリーによって記載された99種の旧属および多系統群は、現在通常「Tabebuia sensu lato（広義のタベブイア属）」と呼ばれる。
英文中有时会出现"roble"这一通用名称。Tabebuia 属植物曾被称为"喇叭树"，但该名称通常用于其他树木，并已成为混淆和错误识别的来源。 Tabebuia 属几乎全是乔木，但也有少数通常为大型灌木。少数物种生产木材，但该属主要以作为开花观赏树而闻名。 Tabebuia 原产于美洲热带和亚热带地区，从墨西哥和加勒比海地区直至阿根廷。大部分物种来自古巴和伊斯帕尼奥拉岛（海地岛）。它常被栽培，并经常在其自然分布范围之外归化或成为外来种。由于其数量众多、借助风力传播的种子，它很容易逃逸栽培。 1992年，对 Tabebuia 属的一次修订描述了99个物种和1个杂交种。后来的DNA序列系统发育研究表明，当时界定的 Tabebuia 属是多系群。2007年，它被划分为三个独立的属。Primavera（Roseodendron donnell-smithii）和一个没有独特通用名的相关物种（Roseodendron chryseum）被转移到 Roseodendron 属。那些在葡萄牙语中被称为 ipê 和 pau d'arco 或 poui 的物种被转移到 Handroanthus 属。六十七个物种保留在 Tabebuia 属中。由Gentry于1992年描述的包含99个物种的旧属及多系群，现在通常被称为"Tabebuia sensu lato"（广义的 Tabebuia 属）。
يُوجد الاسم الشائع "roble" أحيانًا في اللغة الإنجليزية. لقد سُميت أنواع التابيبويا "أشجار البوق"، لكن هذا الاسم يُطبق عادةً على أشجار أخرى وأصبح مصدرًا للارتباك والتحديد الخاطئ. تتكون التابيبويا بالكامل تقريبًا من أشجار، لكن القليل منها غالبًا ما يكون شجيرات كبيرة. تنتج بعض الأنواع أخشابًا، لكن الجنس معروف mostly بالأشجار التي تُزرع لأزهارها. التابيبويا موطنها الأصلي المناطق الاستوائية وشبه الاستوائية الأمريكية من المكسيك ومنطقة البحر الكاريبي إلى الأرجنتين. معظم الأنواع من كوبا وهيسبانيولا. يتم زراعتها بشكل شائع وغالبًا ما تت naturalized أو تصبح دخيلة beyond نطاقها الطبيعي. تهرب بسهولة من الزراعة بسبب بذورها الكثيرة التي تنقلها الرياح. في عام 1992، وصفت مراجعة للتابيبويا 99 نوعًا وهجينًا واحدًا. أظهرت الدراسات التطورية اللاحقة لتسلسلات الحمض النووي لاحقًا أن التابيبويا، كما تم تحديدها في ذلك الوقت، كانت متعددة العرق (polyphyletic). في عام 2007، تم تقسيمها إلى ثلاثة أجناس منفصلة. تم نقل Primavera (Roseodendron donnell-smithii) ونوع ذي صلة بدون اسم شائع فريد (Roseodendron chryseum) إلى جنس Roseodendron. تم نقل تلك الأنواع المعروفة باسم ipê و pau d'arco (بالبرتغالية) أو poui إلى جنس Handroanthus. بقي سبعة وستون نوعًا في التابيبويا. يُشار الآن إلى الجنس السابق والمجموعة متعددة العرق المكونة من 99 نوعًا التي وصفها Gentry في عام 1992 عادةً باسم "Tabebuia sensu lato" (تابيبويا بالمعنى الواسع).
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,731,571 in 2016, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the anchor of the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration of 9,245,438 people (as of 2016) surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario, while the Greater Toronto Area (GTA) proper had a 2016 population of 6,417,516. Toronto is an international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture, and is recognized as one of the most multicultural and cosmopolitan cities in the world.
People have travelled through and inhabited the Toronto area, located on a broad sloping plateau interspersed with rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest, for more than 10,000 years. After the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase, when the Mississauga surrendered the area to the British Crown, the British established the town of York in 1793 and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York and suffered heavy damage by American troops. York was renamed and incorporated in 1834 as the city of Toronto. It was designated as the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867 during Canadian Confederation. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through both annexation and amalgamation to its current area of 630.2 km2 (243.3 sq mi).
The diverse population of Toronto reflects its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada. More than 50 percent of residents belong to a visible minority population group, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins are represented among its inhabitants. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, over 160 languages are spoken in the city.
Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Its varied cultural institutions, which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities, attract over 43 million tourists each year. Toronto is known for its many skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower.
The city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks, and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations. Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, aerospace, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral_Church_of_St._James_(Toronto)
The Cathedral Church of St. James is an Anglican cathedral in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. It is the church of the oldest congregation in the city, with the parish being established in 1797. The cathedral, with construction beginning in 1850 and opening for services on June 19, 1853, was one of the largest buildings in the city at the time. It was designed by Frederick William Cumberland and is a prime example of Gothic Revival architecture.
The church building is designated under the Ontario Heritage Act, and it is the episcopal seat of the Anglican Church of Canada's Archbishop of Toronto. Royal St. George's College, on Howland Avenue, is the church's choir school and is open to boys in grades 3 through 12.
Source: scan of an original photograph.
Image: P30080.
Date: 1970s.
Repository: Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges
Bruges (Dutch: Brugge; French: Bruges; German: Brügge) is the capital and largest city of the province of West Flanders in the Flemish Region of Belgium, in the northwest of the country.
The area of the whole city amounts to more than 13,840 hectares (138.4 sq km; 53.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at Zeebrugge (from Brugge aan zee, meaning "Bruges by the Sea"). The historic city centre is a prominent World Heritage Site of UNESCO. It is oval in shape and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008), of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The metropolitan area, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 616 km2 (238 sq mi) and has a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.
Along with a few other canal-based northern cities, such as Amsterdam, it is sometimes referred to as the Venice of the North. Bruges has a significant economic importance, thanks to its port, and was once one of the world's chief commercial cities. Bruges is well known as the seat of the College of Europe, a university institute for European studies.
T203 - Ceres in a car drawn by two dragons receiving from Bacchus a restorative cup - Gnaios
Source:
Beazley gem database
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris
Paris is the capital and most populous city of France, with an area of 105 square kilometres (41 square miles) and an official estimated population of 2,140,526 residents as of 1 January 2019. Since the 17th century, Paris has been one of Europe's major centres of finance, commerce, fashion, science, and the arts.
The City of Paris is the centre and seat of government of the Île-de-France, or Paris Region, which has an estimated official 2019 population of 12,213,364, or about 18 percent of the population of France. The Paris Region had a GDP of €681 billion (US$850 billion) in 2016, accounting for 31 percent of the GDP of France, and was the 5th largest region by GDP in the world. According to the Economist Intelligence Unit Worldwide Cost of Living Survey in 2018, Paris was the second-most expensive city in the world, behind Singapore and ahead of Zurich, Hong Kong, Oslo and Geneva.
The city is a major rail, highway, and air-transport hub served by two international airports: Paris-Charles de Gaulle (the second busiest airport in Europe) and Paris-Orly. Opened in 1900, the city's subway system, the Paris Métro, serves 5.23 million passengers daily, and is the second busiest metro system in Europe after Moscow Metro. Gare du Nord is the 24th busiest railway station in the world, and the first located outside Japan, with 262 million passengers in 2015.
Paris is especially known for its museums and architectural landmarks: the Louvre was the most visited art museum in the world in 2018, with 10.2 million visitors. The Musée d'Orsay and Musée de l'Orangerie are noted for their collections of French Impressionist art, and the Pompidou Centre Musée National d'Art Moderne has the largest collection of modern and contemporary art in Europe. The historical district along the Seine in the city centre is classified as a UNESCO Heritage Site. Popular landmarks in the centre of the city include the Cathedral of Notre Dame de Paris and the Gothic royal chapel of Sainte-Chapelle, both on the Île de la Cité; the Eiffel Tower, constructed for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1889; the Grand Palais and Petit Palais, built for the Paris Universal Exposition of 1900; the Arc de Triomphe on the Champs-Élysées, and the Basilica of Sacré-Coeur on the hill of Montmartre. Paris received 23 million visitors in 2017, measured by hotel stays, with the largest numbers of foreign visitors coming from the United States, the UK, Germany and China. It was ranked as the third most visited travel destination in the world in 2017, after Bangkok and London.
The football club Paris Saint-Germain and the rugby union club Stade Français are based in Paris. The 80,000-seat Stade de France, built for the 1998 FIFA World Cup, is located just north of Paris in the neighbouring commune of Saint-Denis. Paris hosts the annual French Open Grand Slam tennis tournament on the red clay of Roland Garros. Paris hosted the Olympic Games in 1900, 1924 and will host the 2024 Summer Olympics. The 1938 and 1998 FIFA World Cups, the 2007 Rugby World Cup, and the 1960, 1984, and 2016 UEFA European Championships were also held in the city and, every July, the Tour de France bicycle race finishes there.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B4tel-Dieu_de_Paris
The Hôtel-Dieu de Paris founded by Saint Landry in 651 AD is the oldest hospital in the city of Paris, France, and is the most central of the Assistance publique - hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) hospitals. The hospital is associated with the Faculté de Médecine Paris-Descartes. It still resides on the bank of the Île de la Cité, next to Notre-Dame, connected to the "Rive Gauche" by the pont au Double. Although the facility had been ravaged by disastrous fires on several occasions (the current architecture dates back to 1877), the two buildings of the facility were originally built in the 7th and 17th centuries. It was built as a symbol of charity and hospitality. It was the only hospital in Paris until the Renaissance.
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Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rice_Terraces_of_the_Philippine_Cor...
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras (Filipino: Mga Hagdan-Hagdang Palayan ng Kordilyera ng Pilipinas; Ifugao: Payew) were inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1995, the first-ever property to be included in the cultural landscape category of the World Heritage List. This inscription has five sites: the Batad Rice Terraces, Bangaan Rice Terraces (both in Banaue), Mayoyao Rice Terraces (in Mayoyao), Hungduan Rice Terraces (in Hungduan) and Nagacadan Rice Terraces (in Kiangan), all in the Ifugao Province, the Philippines. The Ifugao Rice Terraces reach a higher altitude and were built on steeper slopes than many other terraces. The Ifugao complex of stone or mud walls and the careful carving of the natural contours of hills and mountains to make terraced pond fields, coupled with the development of intricate irrigation systems, harvesting water from the forests of the mountain tops, and an elaborate farming system.
The Ifugao Rice Terraces illustrate the remarkable ability of human culture to adapt to new social and climate pressures as well as to implement and develop new ideas and technologies. Although listed by the UNESCO as a World Heritage site believed to be older than 2,000 years, there are some conflicting recent studies that report they may be less than 1,000 years old.
Maintenance of the living rice terraces reflects a primarily cooperative approach of the whole community which is based on detailed knowledge of the rich diversity of biological resources existing in the Ifugao agro-ecosystem, a finely tuned annual system respecting lunar cycles, zoning and planning, extensive soil conservation, and mastery of a complex pest control regime based on the processing of a variety of herbs, accompanied by religious rituals.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona
Arizona is a state in the Southwestern region of the United States, sharing the Four Corners region of the western United States with Colorado, New Mexico, and Utah. Its other neighboring states are Nevada to the northwest and California to the west. It also shares an international border with the Mexican states of Sonora and Baja California to the south and southwest. It is the 6th-largest and the 14th-most-populous of the 50 states. Its capital and largest city is Phoenix, which is the most populous state capital in the United States.
Arizona is the 48th state and last of the contiguous states to be admitted to the Union, achieving statehood on February 14, 1912. Historically part of the territory of Alta California and Nuevo México in New Spain, it became part of independent Mexico in 1821. After being defeated in the Mexican–American War, Mexico ceded much of this territory to the United States in 1848, where the area became part of the territory of New Mexico. The southernmost portion of the state was acquired in 1853 through the Gadsden Purchase.
Southern Arizona is known for its desert climate, with extremely hot summers and mild winters. Northern Arizona features forests of pine, Douglas fir, and spruce trees; the Colorado Plateau; mountain ranges (such as the San Francisco Mountains); as well as large, deep canyons, with much more moderate summer temperatures and significant winter snowfalls. There are ski resorts in the areas of Flagstaff, Sunrise, and Tucson. In addition to the internationally known Grand Canyon National Park, which is one of the world's seven natural wonders, there are several national forests, national parks, and national monuments.
Arizona is home to a diverse population. About one-quarter of the state is made up of Indian reservations that serve as the home of 27 federally recognized Native American tribes, including the Navajo Nation, the largest in the state and the country, with more than 300,000 citizens. Since the 1980s, the proportion of Hispanics has grown significantly owing to migration from Mexico and Central America. A substantial portion of the population are followers of the Roman Catholic Church and the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Arizona's population and economy have grown dramatically since the 1950s because of inward migration, and the state is now a major hub of the Sun Belt. Cities such as Phoenix and Tucson have developed large, sprawling suburban areas. Many large companies, such as PetSmart and Circle K, have headquarters in the state, and Arizona is home to major universities, including the University of Arizona, Arizona State University, and Northern Arizona University. The state is known for a history of conservative politicians such as Barry Goldwater and John McCain, though it has become a swing state in recent years.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antelope_Canyon
Navajo Upper Antelope Canyon is a slot canyon in the American Southwest, on Navajo land east of Lechee, Arizona. It includes six separate, scenic slot canyon sections on the Navajo Reservation, referred to as Upper Antelope Canyon (or The Crack), Rattle Snake Canyon, Owl Canyon, Mountain Sheep Canyon, Canyon X and Lower Antelope Canyon (or The Corkscrew). It is the primary attraction of Lake Powell Navajo Tribal Park, along with a hiking trail to Rainbow Bridge National Monument.
The Navajo name for Upper Antelope Canyon is Tsé bighánílíní, which means 'the place where water runs through the (Slot Canyon) rocks'. Lower Antelope Canyon is Hazdistazí (called "Hasdestwazi" by the Navajo Parks and Recreation Department), or 'spiral rock arches'. Both are in the LeChee Chapter of the Navajo Nation. They are accessible by Navajo guided tour only.
Additional Foreign Language Tags:
(United States) "الولايات المتحدة" "Vereinigte Staaten" "アメリカ" "米国" "美国" "미국" "Estados Unidos" "États-Unis" "ארצות הברית" "संयुक्त राज्य" "США"
(Arizona) "أريزونا" "亚利桑那州" "אריזונה" "एरिजोना" "アリゾナ州" "애리조나" "Аризона"
Source: Scan of the original item.
Set: WIL01.
Date: c1905.
Postmark: Unused.
Publisher: Tomkins & Barrett, Swindon.
Repository: From the collection of Mr P. Wilkins.
Used by his very kind permission.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
Source: Scan of an original photograph.
Set: LOC01.
Date: 1953.
Photographer: family photograph.
From the collection of Mrs S. Locke.
Used here by her very kind permission.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memphis,_Tennessee
Memphis is a city along the Mississippi River in southwestern Shelby County, Tennessee, United States. The 2019 population was 651,073, making Memphis the largest city on the Mississippi River, the second most populous in Tennessee, as well as the 26th largest city in the United States. Greater Memphis is the 42nd largest metropolitan area in the United States, with a population of 1,348,260 in 2017. The city is the anchor of West Tennessee and the greater Mid-South region, which includes portions of neighboring Arkansas, Mississippi, and the Missouri Bootheel. Memphis is the seat of Shelby County, Tennessee's most populous county. One of the more historic and culturally significant cities of the southern United States, Memphis has a wide variety of landscapes and distinct neighborhoods.
The first European explorer to visit the area of present-day Memphis was Spanish conquistador Hernando de Soto in 1541 with his expedition into the New World. The high Chickasaw Bluffs protecting the location from the waters of the Mississippi was then contested by the Spanish, French, and the English as Memphis took shape. Modern Memphis was founded in 1819 by three prominent Americans: John Overton, James Winchester, and future president Andrew Jackson.
Memphis grew into one of the largest cities of the Antebellum South as a market for agricultural goods, natural resources like lumber, and the American slave trade. After the American Civil War and the end of slavery, the city experienced even faster growth into the 20th century as it became among the largest world markets for cotton and lumber.
Home to Tennessee's largest African-American population, Memphis played a prominent role in the American civil rights movement and was the site of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1968 assassination. The city now hosts the National Civil Rights Museum—a Smithsonian affiliate institution. Since the civil rights era, Memphis has become one of the nation's leading commercial centers in transportation and logistics. Its largest employer is the multinational courier corporation FedEx, which maintains its global air hub at Memphis International Airport, making it the second-busiest cargo airport in the world. In addition to being a global air cargo leader, the International Port of Memphis also hosts the 5th busiest inland water port in the U.S., with access to the Mississippi River allowing shipments to arrive from around the world for conversion to train and trucking transport throughout the United States, making Memphis a multi-modal hub for trading goods for imports and exports despite its inland location.
Memphis is a regional center for commerce, education, media, art, and entertainment. It has long had a prominent music scene, with historic blues clubs on Beale Street originating the unique Memphis blues sound in the early 20th century. The city's music has continued to be shaped by a multicultural mix of influences: the blues, country, rock n' roll, soul, and hip-hop. Memphis barbecue has achieved international prominence, and the city hosts the World Championship Barbecue Cooking Contest, which attracts over 100,000 visitors to the city annually.
Source: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beale_Street
Beale Street is a street in Downtown Memphis, Tennessee, which runs from the Mississippi River to East Street, a distance of approximately 1.8 miles (2.9 km). It is a significant location in the city's history, as well as in the history of blues music. Today, the blues clubs and restaurants that line Beale Street are major tourist attractions in Memphis. Festivals and outdoor concerts frequently bring large crowds to the street and its surrounding areas.
Source: digital image.
Album: SWI01.
Date: October 14th 1984.
Donated in June 2022 by the Swindon Society.
Local Studies at Swindon Central Library.