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Body length 20mm
This Longicorn Beetle has all femurs thickened. Its antennae are three times of its body length. It is brown to dark brown in colour with thickened femurs. There is a white line on each wings cover.
Inspired by Berlin based label Studio Nono, students were asked to design a collection suitable for Spring/Summer 19 collection. The outcome was 4 hand painted designs and 2 metre screen printed fabric length.
Studio Nono is a fashion and textiles label working to produce unique feminine textiles ad accessories. Inspired by Japanese and Northern European design, they aim to create their own visual language through unique prints on natural materials. Designing for this label I aimed to create a delicate feminine colour palette and aesthetic using stylised fruit, floral and plant imagery. Other techniques explored were embroidery and beading.
Trier, Thebäerstraße, St. Paulin (St. Paulinus' Church).
The length of the towering nave and choir is 52 m and the slender bell tower, including the peak, has a height of 53 m.
The former collegiate church of St. Paulin in the north of the city of Trier, with its slightly more austere Baroque appearance, surprises with its light-flooded interior and the colorful and sumptuous décor of the late Baroque. The first church on this site was built in the 4th century by St. Felix, bishop of Trier, in the Roman burial ground. It was destroyed by fire in 1039 and in 1148 a new building was built as a collegiate church in the Romanesque style. After it had been destroyed in 1674 by the troops of Louis XIV, was the reconstruction in its present form between 1729 and 1756 under Elector and Archbishop Franz Georg von Schönborn (Mainz 1682 - Koblenz 1756), the builder and almost sole financier was.
Detail: Painted ceiling by Christoph Thomas Scheffler.
See also:-
Trier, Thebäerstraße, St. Paulin (St. Paulinus' Church).
The length of the towering nave and choir is 52 m and the slender bell tower, including the peak, has a height of 53 m.
The former collegiate church of St. Paulin in the north of the city of Trier, with its slightly more austere Baroque appearance, surprises with its light-flooded interior and the colorful and sumptuous décor of the late Baroque. The first church on this site was built in the 4th century by St. Felix, bishop of Trier, in the Roman burial ground. It was destroyed by fire in 1039 and in 1148 a new building was built as a collegiate church in the Romanesque style. After it had been destroyed in 1674 by the troops of Louis XIV, was the reconstruction in its present form between 1729 and 1756 under Elector and Archbishop Franz Georg von Schönborn (Mainz 1682 - Koblenz 1756), the builder and almost sole financier was.
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Features and functions
As well as being the architect of the building, Neumann contributed his Rococo architectural flair to several internal elements, including the stucco work, ornate altars, and ciborium. The sculptor Ferdinand Tietz carried out several of Neumann's plans, carving elements such as the statuary and choir stalls.
The ceiling of the nave features a large fresco painted by Christoph Thomas Scheffler, portraying scenes from the life of St Paulinus and depictions of the martyrdom of the Theban Legion.
Organ-builder Romanus Benedict Nollet worked on the organ between 1753 and 1756. Klais Orgelbau, an organ building and restoration company, restored and electrified the pipe organ before 1934, and renewed it in 1991.
The church's four bells were cast by the brothers Charles and Joseph Perrin between 1821 and 1822. As few European bells from the 19th century survived two world wars, the bells are considered historically important.
Detail: Painted ceiling by Christoph Thomas Scheffler.
See also:-
Shimmer and stop the show in La Femme 18026. Sophisticated gown made of Poly Chiffon. It comes with sequined bodice accented with large stones that continue across the criss-cross back straps. The natural waistband has ruched detailing.
Size: Standard Size or Custom Made Size
Closure: Side Zipper
Details: Fully Sequined top Bodice, Criss-Cross Back Straps
Fabric: Chiffon
Length: Floor Length
Neckline: Strapless Sweetheart
Waistline: Natural
Color: Platinum
Tag: Platinum,Long,Sequined Bodice,Strapless,Prom Dresses 2013
www.gownprincess.com/full-length-la-femme-18026-platinum-...
Length: 54 ft 3 in (16.5 m)
Wingspan: 35 ft 8 in (10.8 m)
Height: 15 ft 9 in (4.8 m)
Max Weight: 29,000 lbs (13,155 kg)
Top Speed: 1,322 mph (2,128 kph)
Ceiling: 52,350 ft (15,956 m)
Armament: 4x 20 mm Colt Mk 12 cannons with 144 rounds per gun, 4x AIM-9 Sidewinder missiles and 8x Zuni rockets
Photo taken at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum, 11/10/09
Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II, tail number 080747 of the 33rd Fighter Wing, Eglin AFB, Florida. Piloted by Lt. Col. Dan "Freeze" Hingley. Heritage to Horizon Air Show, Maxwell Air Force Base, Montgomery, Montgomery County, Alabama, USA. April 8, 2017, 1152. Canon EOS Rebel T6i, Focal Length: 75mm, Shutter speed; 1/3200th of a second @ f/8.0, ISO 800.
Reaching 10 feet (3 meters) in length and more than 300 pounds (136 kilograms), Komodo dragons are the heaviest lizards on Earth.
As the dominant predators on the handful of islands they inhabit, they will eat almost anything, including carrion, deer, pigs, smaller dragons, and even large water buffalo and humans. When hunting, Komodo dragons rely on camouflage and patience, lying in wait for passing prey. When a victim ambles by, the dragon springs, using its powerful legs, sharp claws and serrated, shark-like teeth to eviscerate its prey.
animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/reptiles/komodo-dr...
Taken at the Los Angeles Zoo on July 3, 2008
Specifications
Length: 3.50 m (11 ft 6 in)
Beam: 1.43 m (4 ft 8 in)
Hull weight: 60 kg (130 lb)
Mainsail: 5.1 m2 (55 sq ft)
Race mainsail: 6.44 m2 (69.3 sq ft)
Jib: 1.57 m2 (16.9 sq ft)
Portsmouth number: 1260 (singlehanded), 1265 (two sailors)
D-PN: 104.6.
Double length exposure involving moving the camera halfway through.
For the LAST gig of the year, Clare Jazz & Clare Ents proudly present:
Fat Cat Organ Trio - Sunday 29th April, 9pm, Clare Cellars
Sexy organ jazz from London with David Preston, Kit Downes and Josh Morrison blending a mix of Funk, Soul and Jazz with the classic Hammond organ sound. Tunes that groove hard and are ripe with melody...
Nikon D40
Focal Length: 300mm
Optimize Image: Custom
Color Mode: Mode IIIa (sRGB)
Long Exposure NR: Off
High ISO NR: Off
2009/09/27 09:33:29.1
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp.: Auto
Compressed RAW (12-bit)
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-S
Hue Adjustment: 0°
1/3200 sec - F/8
Flash Sync Mode: Not Attached
Saturation: Auto
Color
Exposure Comp.: -2.0 EV
Sharpening: Medium high
Lens: APO 100-300mm F/4D EX HSM Sigma
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Image Comment: (c) Gerard Prins All rights reserved
Tel.: (56) 22758 7209
The clip system will be used for daily application to play around with color, volume and or length.
ClipTape 15 cm. Create extra volume in a fringe or a add a stylish color.
ClipTape 25 cm. Add high- or lowlights quickly or create voluminous hair.
ClipTape 40 cm. Add color, volume and length for a fashionable hair style.
Swiper's most recent victim (discussed at greater length on my blog / My Cat Kills House Sparrows. Should I Let Her?. I caught her in the act here, and I simply can never allow something to be killed in my presence, especially when it looks as if she's just captured the bird and it might actually live. Of course, I don't know if the bird survived when I released it, but it seemed able to fly. It will likely end up a victim of some other predator, but at least this one seemed to have the strength to fly and move and escape, and didn't seem in pain. For now.
This always causes me a fair amount of distress, though it probably shouldn't. I just need to adopt a strategy... a philosophy... and stick to it until some better information comes along.
So long as I have an outdoor cat, she will hunt, and despite bells and whistles and requests not to, she will likely kill a bird now and then. Knowing more about the bird she catches helps, but it doesn't actually fix anything. I still can't watch her catch and kill a bird. And I don't know exactly why.
We Are the Cat (forthcoming August 29, 2006) » book | blog
You Are a Dog » book | blog
flickr sundries » You Are a Dog People | We Are the Cat People | Adoptable Pets | of books | LightPainting | food pr0n
IMAGE ID # 1698335 Exclusive...*NO WEB USE* After Justin Timberlake and Jessica Biel enjoyed dinner with his family, including his mother Lynn Harless, the group made a stop at a local art gallery. Justin seemed to really be enjoying himself as he talked art with different family members, but Jessica appeared to be a bit more standoffish. Could there be truth to the rumors of Biel and Justin's mom not having warmed up to one another yet? If that's the case, it makes sense the couple visited Justin's family for Thanksgiving as apposed to Jessica's. Obviously, she has a lot of work to do if she'll ever make it down the aisle with Timberlake! *NO WEB USE*. 11/11/2008 --- Justin Timberlake --- (C) 2008 Fame Pictures, Inc. - Santa Monica, CA, U.S.A - 310-395-0500 / Sales: 310-395-0500
Kobe Mentality - Super simple and light. Full length Lunar insole for cheap? Yes please. #Kobe #mentality #nike #sneakerhead #todayskicks #wearyourkicks #igsneakercommunity #walklikeus #peepmysneaks #wdywt #igsneakers #kicks0l0gy #smyfh #kickstagram #trustedkicks #solenation #kotd #TeamTMCII #nightwingknows #sole_locker #ractv #kicksoffcourt #solesupremacy #weartesters #YoAnty ift.tt/1JYmENq
Length of Service Awardees David DeLo and Vanessa Calvin with Dean Sanders. They are celebrating 10 years in the College of Engineering.
Frontline bomber SU-24M
•Crew: 2 persons
• Length: 24.594 m (with PVD)
• Height: 6,193 m
•Empty weight: 21200 kg
• Curb weight: 22300 kg
• Maximum speed: 1700 km/h
• Combat radius: 560 km
•Practical ceiling: 11,000 m
• Rifle and cannon: 1 x six-barrel 23-mm cannon GSh-6-23
•Combat load: 7000 kg (maximum), 8 weapon hardpoints
• Guided missiles: air-to-air missiles, air-to-ground missiles
•Bombs: free-falling and adjustable for various purposes, bomb clusters
"The exhibit was handed over to the 105th Guards Mixed Aviation Borisov Pomeranian Twice Red Banner, Order of Suvorov Division"
Novaya Usman is a village (since 1598) in the Voronezh Oblast of Russia, the administrative center of the Novousmansky District, as well as the Usman 1st rural settlement.
Population: 36,540 people (2021), the largest village in Russia, the third rural settlement in Russia after the Krasnodar villages of Kanevskaya and Dinskaya).
The village is located on the banks of the Usman River, 8 km southeast of Voronezh.
The climate is moderately continental. The amount of precipitation ranges from 500 to 650 mm. The settlement is located in the forest-steppe zone.
The year 1598 is considered to be the year of foundation of Novaya Usman. At that time there was a settlement here. In 1601-1602, near the beautiful Usmanka River, in a forest clearing, the tsar's governor Boris Vasilyevich Sobakin acquired lands that were nicknamed after his last name - Sobakina Polyana. Later in the documents of that time, this place is called Sobakina Usman, Sobakino.
During the time of Peter the Great, the residents of Usman Sobakina actively participated in the construction of ships. In 1746, the village had 785 households and more than 2 thousand residents. In October 1781, a postal route from Voronezh to Tambov passed through Usman Sobakina. A post station was established in the village for passengers to rest and change horses. In 1785, the Spasskaya stone church was erected, and the second, Kazan, was built in 1870.
In 1917, Soviet power was established in Usman. In August 1918, a peasant uprising against food detachments broke out here, which was suppressed by military force. During the civil war, residents of the village of Sobakina Usman fought against the cavalry of K.K. Mamontov, ataman A.G. Shkuro, and also took part in collecting funds and warm clothing for the Red Army soldiers. At the beginning of 1924, a livestock farm was established in Usman, then a melioration farm, and a poultry farm "Golosisty Kochet". In 1928, Usman Sobakina became a district center and was renamed Novaya Usman. In the spring of 1929, the first suburban land society united all the small farms into a single collective farm "Leninsky Put".
On August 12, 1942, Alexander Fyodorovich Avdeyev rammed an enemy fighter over the village of Novaya Usman. He was buried in Novaya Usman in the park near the building of the former district executive committee. On February 10, 1943, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Alexander Fyodorovich was awarded the Order of Lenin, the Red Banner, and the Red Star. Also from Novaya Usman is the Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Fyodorovich Manukovsky, he received the title for the introduction of comprehensive mechanization in the cultivation of corn.
In 2018, an online survey was conducted on giving the village the status of a city. 1,326 people took part in the survey. As a result, 93.67% of survey participants did not support the initiative.
On October 26, 2019, a monument to the founder of the village, voivode Boris Sobakin, was erected in Novaya Usman. The author of the monument is Alexander Kozinin.
On March 11, 2022, Usmanskoye 1st and Usmanskoye 2nd rural settlements, which included Novaya Usman, were merged into Usmanskoye 1st rural settlement.
This nice A-line floor-length prom dress makes the lady look like a royal goodness in her brilliant combination of the classic and the fashion.
www.dress-shop.com/tencel-sweetheart-neckline-a-line-floo...
You can never say no to such an elegant and sexy prom dress with such special design.
While standing on one of the arms of the Ocean Beach Fishing Pier that branch off from the far end, I decided to see how much of the length of the pier could be captured by the widest angle on the zoom lens I was using: 18mm. This did not quite get the entire length, but close.
The pier's cafe can be seen.
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Please do NOT place any graphics in comments; I feel they create too much clutter and will delete them. Thank you.
Alexis Avila Founder/President of Prepped & Polished reacts to the November 5, 2010 Good Morning America report about SAT essay length and score increase. Good Morning America Report
Parenting Squad also featured Alexis Avila in their article: The Longer, The Better? A Student Researches Writing Scores On The SAT
Alexis believes that while essay score length is one factor to getting a higher SAT essay score, essay substance and essay structure are just as important.
Hetadage is 120 feet in length and 90 feet in breadth. This consists of sewuare inner hall and a entrance porch; built in order to house the sacred Tooth Relic. There is a flight of steps to the upper story. There are three standing Buddha statues in this tower story. The structure was surrounded by solid stone walls up to the roof. This shrine; built by king Nissankamalla may either mean “the house of the relics” or the house built in sixty days. The inscription may have been installed after building this monument, either utilizing the materials of other ancient buildings or renovating another ancient building.
VSL Travel & Tours International (Pvt) Ltd
VSL Travels & Tours Int'l (Pvt) Ltd is a registered Tour Operator (Reg No: PV 99322) in Sri Lanka. We specialize in Inbound and Outbound Tours,Money Exchange, Ticketing, and Ground Handling. The Inbound division organizes local sightseeing tours, adventurous tours, Eco and Agro-tourism; catering to a wide target audience. The Agency also caters to specialized incentive trips to all
parts of Sri Lanka. VSL Travels & Tours Int'l (Pvt) Ltd Ltd has been in operation since 2014. Led by a team of dynamic individuals with vast experience in the tourism industry, the company has flourished to its present status.
Hotline : +94113028888
Email : info@vsl.travel
Website : www.vsl.travel
The Komodo dragon (Varanus komodoensis), also known as the Komodo monitor, is a large species of lizard found in the Indonesian islands of Komodo, Rinca, Flores, Gili Motang, and Padar. A member of the monitor lizard family Varanidae, it is the largest living species of lizard, growing to a maximum length of 3 metres in rare cases and weighing up to approximately 70 kilograms.
Their unusually large size has been attributed to island gigantism, since no other carnivorous animals fill the niche on the islands where they live. However, recent research suggests the large size of Komodo dragons may be better understood as representative of a relict population of very large varanid lizards that once lived across Indonesia and Australia, most of which, along with other megafauna, died out after the Pleistocene. Fossils very similar to V. komodoensis have been found in Australia dating to greater than 3.8 million years ago, and its body size remained stable on Flores, one of the handful of Indonesian islands where it is currently found, over the last 900,000 years, "a time marked by major faunal turnovers, extinction of the island's megafauna, and the arrival of early hominids by 880 ka [kiloannums]."
As a result of their size, these lizards dominate the ecosystems in which they live. Komodo dragons hunt and ambush prey including invertebrates, birds, and mammals. It has been claimed that they have a venomous bite; there are two glands in the lower jaw which secrete several toxic proteins. The biological significance of these proteins is disputed, but the glands have been shown to secrete an anticoagulant. Komodo dragon group behaviour in hunting is exceptional in the reptile world. The diet of big Komodo dragons mainly consists of deer, though they also eat considerable amounts of carrion. Komodo dragons also occasionally attack humans in the area of West Manggarai Regency where they live in Indonesia.
Mating begins between May and August, and the eggs are laid in September. About 20 eggs are deposited in abandoned megapode nests or in a self-dug nesting hole. The eggs are incubated for seven to eight months, hatching in April, when insects are most plentiful. Young Komodo dragons are vulnerable and therefore dwell in trees, safe from predators and cannibalistic adults. They take 8 to 9 years to mature, and are estimated to live up to 30 years.
Komodo dragons were first recorded by Western scientists in 1910. Their large size and fearsome reputation make them popular zoo exhibits. In the wild, their range has contracted due to human activities, and they are listed as vulnerable by the IUCN. They are protected under Indonesian law, and a national park, Komodo National Park, was founded to aid protection efforts.
ETYMOLOGY
The Komodo dragon is also known as the Komodo monitor or the Komodo Island monitor in scientific literature, although this is not very common. To the natives of Komodo Island, it is referred to as ora, buaya darat (land crocodile), or biawak raksasa (giant monitor).
EVOLUTIONARY HISTORY
The evolutionary development of the Komodo dragon started with the Varanus genus, which originated in Asia about 40 million years ago and migrated to Australia. Around 15 million years ago, a collision between Australia and Southeast Asia allowed the varanids to move into what is now the Indonesian archipelago, extending their range as far east as the island of Timor. The Komodo dragon was believed to have differentiated from its Australian ancestors 4 million years ago. However, recent fossil evidence from Queensland suggests the Komodo dragon evolved in Australia before spreading to Indonesia. Dramatic lowering of sea level during the last glacial period uncovered extensive stretches of continental shelf that the Komodo dragon colonized, becoming isolated in their present island range as sea levels rose afterwards.
DESCRIPTION
In the wild, an adult Komodo dragon usually weighs around 70 kg, although captive specimens often weigh more. According to the Guinness Book of World Records, an average adult male will weigh 79 to 91 kg and measure 2.59 m, while an average female will weigh 68 to 73 kg and measure 2.29 m. The largest verified wild specimen was 3.13 m long and weighed 166 kg, including undigested food. The Komodo dragon has a tail as long as its body, as well as about 60 frequently replaced, serrated teeth that can measure up to 2.5 cm in length. Its saliva is frequently blood-tinged, because its teeth are almost completely covered by gingival tissue that is naturally lacerated during feeding. This creates an ideal culture for the bacteria that live in its mouth. It also has a long, yellow, deeply forked tongue. Komodo dragon skin is reinforced by armoured scales, which contain tiny bones called osteoderms that function as a sort of natural chain-mail. This rugged hide makes Komodo dragon skin poorly suited for making into leather.
SENSES
As with other Varanids, Komodo dragons have only a single ear bone, the stapes, for transferring vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the cochlea. This arrangement means they are likely restricted to sounds in the 400 to 2,000 hertz range, compared to humans who hear between 20 and 20,000 hertz. It was formerly thought to be deaf when a study reported no agitation in wild Komodo dragons in response to whispers, raised voices, or shouts. This was disputed when London Zoological Garden employee Joan Proctor trained a captive specimen to come out to feed at the sound of her voice, even when she could not be seen.
The Komodo dragon can see objects as far away as 300 m, but because its retinas only contain cones, it is thought to have poor night vision. The Komodo dragon is able to see in color, but has poor visual discrimination of stationary objects.
The Komodo dragon uses its tongue to detect, taste, and smell stimuli, as with many other reptiles, with the vomeronasal sense using the Jacobson's organ, rather than using the nostrils. With the help of a favorable wind and its habit of swinging its head from side to side as it walks, a Komodo dragon may be able to detect carrion from 4–9.5 km away. It only has a few taste buds in the back of its throat. Its scales, some of which are reinforced with bone, have sensory plaques connected to nerves to facilitate its sense of touch. The scales around the ears, lips, chin, and soles of the feet may have three or more sensory plaques.
BEHAVIOUR AND ECOLOGY
The Komodo dragon prefers hot and dry places, and typically lives in dry, open grassland, savanna, and tropical forest at low elevations. As an ectotherm, it is most active in the day, although it exhibits some nocturnal activity. Komodo dragons are solitary, coming together only to breed and eat. They are capable of running rapidly in brief sprints up to 20 km/h, diving up to 4.5 m, and climbing trees proficiently when young through use of their strong claws. To catch out-of-reach prey, the Komodo dragon may stand on its hind legs and use its tail as a support. As it matures, its claws are used primarily as weapons, as its great size makes climbing impractical.
For shelter, the Komodo dragon digs holes that can measure from 1–3 m wide with its powerful forelimbs and claws. Because of its large size and habit of sleeping in these burrows, it is able to conserve body heat throughout the night and minimize its basking period the morning after. The Komodo dragon hunts in the afternoon, but stays in the shade during the hottest part of the day. These special resting places, usually located on ridges with cool sea breezes, are marked with droppings and are cleared of vegetation. They serve as strategic locations from which to ambush deer.
DIET
Komodo dragons are carnivores. Although they eat mostly carrion, they will also ambush live prey with a stealthy approach. When suitable prey arrives near a dragon's ambush site, it will suddenly charge at the animal and go for the underside or the throat. It is able to locate its prey using its keen sense of smell, which can locate a dead or dying animal from a range of up to 9.5 km. Komodo dragons have been observed knocking down large pigs and deer with their strong tails.
Komodo dragons eat by tearing large chunks of flesh and swallowing them whole while holding the carcass down with their forelegs. For smaller prey up to the size of a goat, their loosely articulated jaws, flexible skulls, and expandable stomachs allow them to swallow prey whole. The vegetable contents of the stomach and intestines are typically avoided. Copious amounts of red saliva the Komodo dragons produce help to lubricate the food, but swallowing is still a long process (15–20 minutes to swallow a goat). A Komodo dragon may attempt to speed up the process by ramming the carcass against a tree to force it down its throat, sometimes ramming so forcefully, the tree is knocked down. To prevent itself from suffocating while swallowing, it breathes using a small tube under the tongue that connects to the lungs. After eating up to 80% of its body weight in one meal, it drags itself to a sunny location to speed digestion, as the food could rot and poison the dragon if left undigested for too long. Because of their slow metabolism, large dragons can survive on as little as 12 meals a year. After digestion, the Komodo dragon regurgitates a mass of horns, hair, and teeth known as the gastric pellet, which is covered in malodorous mucus. After regurgitating the gastric pellet, it rubs its face in the dirt or on bushes to get rid of the mucus, suggesting, like humans, it does not relish the scent of its own excretions.
The largest animals eat first, while the smaller ones follow a hierarchy. The largest male asserts his dominance and the smaller males show their submission by use of body language and rumbling hisses. Dragons of equal size may resort to "wrestling". Losers usually retreat, though they have been known to be killed and eaten by victors.
The Komodo dragon's diet is wide-ranging, and includes invertebrates, other reptiles (including smaller Komodo dragons), birds, bird eggs, small mammals, monkeys, wild boar, goats, deer, horses, and water buffalo. Young Komodos will eat insects, eggs, geckos, and small mammals. Occasionally, they consume humans and human corpses, digging up bodies from shallow graves. This habit of raiding graves caused the villagers of Komodo to move their graves from sandy to clay ground and pile rocks on top of them to deter the lizards. The Komodo dragon may have evolved to feed on the extinct dwarf elephant Stegodon that once lived on Flores, according to evolutionary biologist Jared Diamond.
The Komodo dragon drinks by sucking water into its mouth via buccal pumping (a process also used for respiration), lifting its head, and letting the water run down its throat.
SALIVA
Auffenberg described the Komodo dragon as having septic pathogens in its saliva (he described the saliva as "reddish and copious"), specifically the bacteria E. coli, Staphylococcus sp., Providencia sp., Proteus morgani, and P. mirabilis. He noted, while these pathogens can be found in the mouths of wild Komodo dragons, they disappear from the mouths of captive animals, due to cleaner diets and the use of antibiotics. This was verified by taking mucous samples from the external gum surfaces of the upper jaws of two freshly captured individuals. Saliva samples were analyzed by researchers at the University of Texas, who found 57 strains of bacteria growing in the mouths of three wild Komodo dragons, including Pasteurella multocida. The rapid growth of these bacteria was noted by Fredeking: "Normally it takes about three days for a sample of P. multocida to cover a Petri dish; ours took eight hours. We were very taken aback by how virulent these strains were". This study supported the observation that wounds inflicted by the Komodo dragon are often associated with sepsis and subsequent infections in prey animals. How the Komodo dragon is unaffected by these virulent bacteria remains a mystery.Research in 2013 suggested that the bacteria in the mouths of komodo dragons are ordinary and similar to those found in other carnivores. They actually have surprisingly good mouth hygiene. As Bryan Fry put it: "After they are done feeding, they will spend 10 to 15 minutes lip-licking and rubbing their head in the leaves to clean their mouth... Unlike people have been led to believe, they do not have chunks of rotting flesh from their meals on their teeth, cultivating bacteria." The observation of prey dying of sepsis would then be explained by the natural instinct of water buffalos, who are not native to the islands where the Komodo dragon lives, to run into water when attacked. The warm, feces filled water would then cause the infections. The study used samples from 16 captive dragons (10 adults and six neonates) from three U.S. zoos.
VENOM
In late 2005, researchers at the University of Melbourne speculated the perentie (Varanus giganteus), other species of monitors, and agamids may be somewhat venomous. The team believes the immediate effects of bites from these lizards were caused by mild envenomation. Bites on human digits by a lace monitor (V. varius), a Komodo dragon, and a spotted tree monitor (V. scalaris) all produced similar effects: rapid swelling, localized disruption of blood clotting, and shooting pain up to the elbow, with some symptoms lasting for several hours.
In 2009, the same researchers published further evidence demonstrating Komodo dragons possess a venomous bite. MRI scans of a preserved skull showed the presence of two glands in the lower jaw. The researchers extracted one of these glands from the head of a terminally ill specimen in the Singapore Zoological Gardens, and found it secreted several different toxic proteins. The known functions of these proteins include inhibition of blood clotting, lowering of blood pressure, muscle paralysis, and the induction of hypothermia, leading to shock and loss of consciousness in envenomated prey. As a result of the discovery, the previous theory that bacteria were responsible for the deaths of Komodo victims was disputed.
Kurt Schwenk, an evolutionary biologist at the University of Connecticut, finds the discovery of these glands intriguing, but considers most of the evidence for venom in the study to be "meaningless, irrelevant, incorrect or falsely misleading". Even if the lizards have venom-like proteins in their mouths, Schwenk argues, they may be using them for a different function, and he doubts venom is necessary to explain the effect of a Komodo dragon bite, arguing that shock and blood loss are the primary factors.
Other scientists such as Washington State University's Biologist Kenneth V. Kardong and Toxicologists Scott A. Weinstein and Tamara L. Smith, have stated that this allegation of venom glands "has had the effect of underestimating the variety of complex roles played by oral secretions in the biology of reptiles, produced a very narrow view of oral secretions and resulted in misinterpretation of reptilian evolution". According to these scientists "reptilian oral secretions contribute to many biological roles other than to quickly dispatch prey". These researchers concluded that, "Calling all in this clade venomous implies an overall potential danger that does not exist, misleads in the assessment of medical risks, and confuses the biological assessment of squamate biochemical systems".
REPRODUCTION
Mating occurs between May and August, with the eggs laid in September. During this period, males fight over females and territory by grappling with one another upon their hind legs, with the loser eventually being pinned to the ground. These males may vomit or defecate when preparing for the fight. The winner of the fight will then flick his long tongue at the female to gain information about her receptivity. Females are antagonistic and resist with their claws and teeth during the early phases of courtship. Therefore, the male must fully restrain the female during coitus to avoid being hurt. Other courtship displays include males rubbing their chins on the female, hard scratches to the back, and licking. Copulation occurs when the male inserts one of his hemipenes into the female's cloaca. Komodo dragons may be monogamous and form "pair bonds", a rare behavior for lizards. Female Komodos lay their eggs from August to September and may use several types of locality; in one study, 60% laid their eggs in the nests of orange-footed scrubfowl (a moundbuilder or megapode), 20% on ground level and 20% in hilly areas. The females make many camouflage nests/holes to prevent other dragons from eating the eggs. Clutches contain an average of 20 eggs, which have an incubation period of 7–8 months. Hatching is an exhausting effort for the neonates, which break out of their eggshells with an egg tooth that falls off soon after. After cutting themselves out, the hatchlings may lie in their eggshells for hours before starting to dig out of the nest. They are born quite defenseless and are vulnerable to predation. Sixteen youngsters from a single nest were on average 46.5 cm long and weighed 105.1 grams. Young Komodo dragons spend much of their first few years in trees, where they are relatively safe from predators, including cannibalistic adults, as juvenile dragons make up 10% of their diets. The habit of cannibalism may be advantageous in sustaining the large size of adults, as medium-sized prey on the islands is rare. When the young approach a kill, they roll around in fecal matter and rest in the intestines of eviscerated animals to deter these hungry adults. Komodo dragons take approximately three to five years to mature, and may live for up to 50 years.
PARTHENOGENESIS
A Komodo dragon at London Zoo named Sungai laid a clutch of eggs in late 2005 after being separated from male company for more than two years. Scientists initially assumed she had been able to store sperm from her earlier encounter with a male, an adaptation known as superfecundation. On 20 December 2006, it was reported that Flora, a captive Komodo dragon living in the Chester Zoo in England, was the second known Komodo dragon to have laid unfertilized eggs: she laid 11 eggs, and seven of them hatched, all of them male. Scientists at Liverpool University in England performed genetic tests on three eggs that collapsed after being moved to an incubator, and verified Flora had never been in physical contact with a male dragon. After Flora's eggs' condition had been discovered, testing showed Sungai's eggs were also produced without outside fertilization. On 31 January 2008, the Sedgwick County Zoo in Wichita, Kansas, became the first zoo in the Americas to document parthenogenesis in Komodo dragons. The zoo has two adult female Komodo dragons, one of which laid about 17 eggs on 19–20 May 2007. Only two eggs were incubated and hatched due to space issues; the first hatched on 31 January 2008, while the second hatched on 1 February. Both hatchlings were males.
Komodo dragons have the ZW chromosomal sex-determination system, as opposed to the mammalian XY system. Male progeny prove Flora's unfertilized eggs were haploid (n) and doubled their chromosomes later to become diploid (2n) (by being fertilized by a polar body, or by chromosome duplication without cell division), rather than by her laying diploid eggs by one of the meiosis reduction-divisions in her ovaries failing. When a female Komodo dragon (with ZW sex chromosomes) reproduces in this manner, she provides her progeny with only one chromosome from each of her pairs of chromosomes, including only one of her two sex chromosomes. This single set of chromosomes is duplicated in the egg, which develops parthenogenetically. Eggs receiving a Z chromosome become ZZ (male); those receiving a W chromosome become WW and fail to develop, meaning that only males are produced by parthenogenesis in this species.
It has been hypothesized that this reproductive adaptation allows a single female to enter an isolated ecological niche (such as an island) and by parthenogenesis produce male offspring, thereby establishing a sexually reproducing population (via reproduction with her offspring that can result in both male and female young). Despite the advantages of such an adaptation, zoos are cautioned that parthenogenesis may be detrimental to genetic diversity.
HISTORY
DISCOVERY BY THE WESTERN WORLD
Komodo dragons were first documented by Europeans in 1910, when rumors of a "land crocodile" reached Lieutenant van Steyn van Hensbroek of the Dutch colonial administration. Widespread notoriety came after 1912, when Peter Ouwens, the director of the Zoological Museum at Bogor, Java, published a paper on the topic after receiving a photo and a skin from the lieutenant, as well as two other specimens from a collector. The first two live Komodo dragons to arrive in Europe were exhibited in the Reptile House at London Zoo when it opened in 1927. Joan Beauchamp Procter made some of the earliest observations of these animals in captivity and she demonstrated the behaviour of one of these animals at a Scientific Meeting of the Zoological Society of London in 1928. The Komodo dragon was the driving factor for an expedition to Komodo Island by W. Douglas Burden in 1926. After returning with 12 preserved specimens and 2 live ones, this expedition provided the inspiration for the 1933 movie King Kong. It was also Burden who coined the common name "Komodo dragon." Three of his specimens were stuffed and are still on display in the American Museum of Natural History.
STUDIES
The Dutch, realizing the limited number of individuals in the wild, outlawed sport hunting and heavily limited the number of individuals taken for scientific study. Collecting expeditions ground to a halt with the occurrence of World War II, not resuming until the 1950s and 1960s, when studies examined the Komodo dragon's feeding behavior, reproduction, and body temperature. At around this time, an expedition was planned in which a long-term study of the Komodo dragon would be undertaken. This task was given to the Auffenberg family, who stayed on Komodo Island for 11 months in 1969. During their stay, Walter Auffenberg and his assistant Putra Sastrawan captured and tagged more than 50 Komodo dragons. The research from the Auffenberg expedition would prove to be enormously influential in raising Komodo dragons in captivity. Research after that of the Auffenberg family has shed more light on the nature of the Komodo dragon, with biologists such as Claudio Ciofi continuing to study the creatures.
CONSERVATION
The Komodo dragon is a vulnerable species and is on the IUCN Red List. There are approximately 4,000 to 5,000 living Komodo dragons in the wild. Their populations are restricted to the islands of Gili Motang (100), Gili Dasami (100), Rinca (1,300), Komodo (1,700), and Flores (perhaps 2,000). However, there are concerns that there may presently be only 350 breeding females. To address these concerns, the Komodo National Park was founded in 1980 to protect Komodo dragon populations on islands including Komodo, Rinca, and Padar. Later, the Wae Wuul and Wolo Tado Reserves were opened on Flores to aid with Komodo dragon conservation.
Komodo dragons avoid encounters with humans. Juveniles are very shy and will flee quickly into a hideout if a human comes closer than about 100 metres. Older animals will also retreat from humans from a shorter distance away. If cornered, they will react aggressively by gaping their mouth, hissing, and swinging their tail. If they are disturbed further, they may start an attack and bite. Although there are anecdotes of unprovoked Komodo dragons attacking or preying on humans, most of these reports are either not reputable or caused by defensive bites. Only a very few cases are truly the result of unprovoked attacks by abnormal individuals, which lost their fear towards humans.
Volcanic activity, earthquakes, loss of habitat, fire, loss of prey due to poaching, tourism, and illegal poaching of the dragons themselves have all contributed to the vulnerable status of the Komodo dragon. Under Appendix I of CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species), commercial trade of skins or specimens is illegal.
On Padar, a former population of the Komodo dragon became extinct, of which the last individuals were seen in 1975. It is widely assumed that the Komodo dragon died out on Padar after a strong decline of the populations of large ungulate prey, for which poaching was most likely responsible.
IN CAPTIVITY
Komodo dragons have long been great zoo attractions, where their size and reputation make them popular exhibits. They are, however, rare in zoos because they are susceptible to infection and parasitic disease if captured from the wild, and do not readily reproduce. As of May 2009, there were 13 European, 2 African, 35 North American, 1 Singaporean, and 2 Australian institutions that kept Komodo dragons.
The first Komodo dragons were displayed at London Zoo in 1927. A Komodo dragon was exhibited in 1934 at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., but it lived for only two years. More attempts to exhibit Komodo dragons were made, but the lifespan of these animals was very short, averaging five years in the National Zoological Park. Studies done by Walter Auffenberg, which were documented in his book The Behavioral Ecology of the Komodo Monitor, eventually allowed for more successful managing and reproducing of the dragons in captivity.
A variety of behaviors have been observed from captive specimens. Most individuals are relatively tame within a short time, and are capable of recognizing individual humans and discriminating between familiar keepers. Komodo dragons have also been observed to engage in play with a variety of objects, including shovels, cans, plastic rings, and shoes. This behavior does not seem to be "food-motivated predatory behavior".
Even seemingly docile dragons may become unpredictably aggressive, especially when the animal's territory is invaded by someone unfamiliar. In June 2001, a Komodo dragon seriously injured Phil Bronstein, the then husband of actress Sharon Stone, when he entered its enclosure at the Los Angeles Zoo after being invited in by its keeper. Bronstein was bitten on his bare foot, as the keeper had told him to take off his white shoes and socks, which the keeper stated could potentially excite the Komodo dragon as they were the same color as the white rats the zoo fed the dragon. Although he escaped, Bronstein needed to have several tendons in his foot reattached surgically.
IN POPULARE CULTURE
Komodo dragons are used as a main theme in Komodo (1999), Curse of the Komodo (2004) and Komodo vs. Cobra (2005).
The comedy team of Bob and Ray performed a popular sketch entitled "The Komodo Dragon Expert."
The plot of the 1990 film, The Freshman, involves a university freshman, an aging mobster and a Komodo dragon.
In the 2012 James Bond film Skyfall, one of the Chinese henchmen in a casino that Bond visits in Macau is overtaken, dragged off and presumably killed by a Komodo dragon.
WIKIPEDIA
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The lengths some Mediterranean plants go to to not be scoffed by goats...
Those thorns are as hard and sharp as they look.
Thanks to Isidro for the seed of this one
#7685311 Exclusive… Disney starlet Demi Lovato made her way out of Teddy’s in Los Angeles, California on August 3, 2011. As Demi walked out she had her cell phone in hand with what looked to be a sticker message that read “Heroin Killed The Radio Star” as she picked up her car from the valet. Could this be her reminder to avoid going back to rehab?
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These little neck knives are a great hunting companion! They can be worn around the neck..(in or outside the shirt) or detach the chain and wear it in your pocket! This little skinner features a handle of black/grey Micarta accented with nickel silver pins and thong hole. Randy used navy fiber liners for added beauty and stability. The 154 CM flat blade is light to carry and easy to sharpen with notches along the blade spine for better grip. The entire knife is stonewashed for an antique patina. The black/grey reptilian pattern Kydex sheath includes a neck chain.
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I wanted to make a test piece for some of the components of my next piece. I have two lengths of steel wire joined together with many short-ish pieces of steel wire with a loop at each end. This test piece has given me lots of ideas for other pieces of jewellery :-)
Solenostomus halimeda can reach a length of 6.5 cm (2.6 in), and is the smallest of the ghost pipefishes. Its body is most often green, but can be red or any other color of the algae or coral in which it is hiding. This cryptic species looks very similar to the macroalga Halimeda. This uncommon species is related to pipefishes and seahorses. It can be distinguished by its large head that is about the same length as the rest of its body. The caudal fin is small and similar in form and size to the dorsal and pectoral fins.
These fish float nearly motionless, with their mouths facing downwards, around a background that makes them nearly impossible to see. They feed on tiny crustaceans, sucked inside through their long snouts. Unlike true pipefish, female Halimeda ghost pipefish carry their fertilised eggs between their pelvic fins, which are modified to form a brood pouch, until the eggs are ready to hatch.
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