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Female found drowned on July 16th, 2008. Body length: 8 mm. Forewing length: 5.7 mm. Ovipositor length (visible part): 3.23 mm. Ovipositor 1.25x times as long as hind tibia. Ovipositor sheaths: 2.40 mm. Ovipositor sheaths 0.93 times as long as hind tibia. HEAD: Antenna with 23 flagellar segments, basal 5 flagellomeres black, 4 central flagellomeres ivory white and the 14 apical flagellomeres black. F1 length/width ratio: 29:4=7.25. F3 length/width ratio: 21:3= 7. Clypeus narrow and obviously convex, apically rounded and separated from the face by a well-defined groove. Clypeus with a medial tubercle or tooth. Mandible twice its width at midpoint. Mandible two-toothed, tooth with the same length. Cheeks 0.72 times as long as the width of the mandibular base. Frons not depressed. MESOSOMA: Mesopleuron and metapleuron distinctly wrinkled. Mesosoma black, except subalar prominence and the tip of scutellum which are ivory white. Mesoscutum convex, relatively narrow, lacking transverse rugae, with notaulices extending beyond the centre of mesoscutum. Mesoscutum densely sculpted, matte, with fine points. Mesopleuron with a sinuated sternaulus covering almost all its length. Propodeum with carinae, but only with two transverse carinae, basal longitudinal carinae unclear or unknown. Area horizontalis 1.3 times as long as area petiolaris. Propodeal spiracles almost rounded, length/width ratio less than 1,1. Metanotum without sublateral posterior projections. Postpectal carina not complete, laterally present, absent in front of mid coxae. METASOMA: Sclerotized part of 1st sternite extending to the posterior third of the segment. 1st metasomal segment narrow basally and gradually widened apically, without a basal lateral tooth. First metasomal spiracle beyond the middle, at 0.58x the length of first metasomal segment. Postpetiolus with not very noticeable points. Second metasomal tergite with very dense microsculpture and fairly dense haired. Second tergite as long as its maximum width seen from above. Seventh tergite with a big ivory spot. Eight tergite dorsally ivory white. Ovipositor sheaths thinner and flexible. Lower half of the ovipositor toothed apically. Ovipositor tip (from the notch to the apex) 3.0 times as long as high. WINGS: Fore wings with 2m-cu vein present, with one bulla, subvertical, reaching subdiscoidal vein in a right angle. Fore wing with an areolet with convergent sides. Subdiscoideus vein reaching postnervulus about its middle. Hindwing with the medial part of the medial vein slightly curved and moderately curved at the apical 0.6x part. Hind wing with axillary vein parallel to the anal margin, its apex curved to the margin. LEGS: Hind coxa with a weakly printed area. Legs mostly deep brown, with black coxae and other parts also black. Femur III length/width ratio: 5.0. Hind tibia length: 2.57 mm. Second segment of the tarsi 1.29 times as long as the fifth segment.
Kyla Pratt at the 4th Annual BET Awards - Arrivals.Kodak Theatre, Hollywood, CA.June 29, 2004 .© Sara De Boer
This is a whimsical mini lino block print of the blue Batbearoo, a widely unknown, and quite possibly, completely imaginary composite creature. Despite its looks and its name, the Batbearoo is neither bat nor bear, but a flying marsupial most closely related to the quolls.
The printed area is only 10 cm (3.9 inches) squared. The wings are collaged or chine collé fine translucent blue Japanese paper with visible fibres. Each sheet is 18 cm (7.1 inches) squared and printed on white Japanese kozo (or mulberry) paper. There are 15 prints in this first edition.
The Batbearoo (Dasychiroptera ursus) shares a common ancestor with the marsupial quoll family of Australia, and diverged from the quoll line in the mid-Miocene. While glider possoms are well-known, until the discovery of the rare Batbearoo in the wild and the fossil record, bats were believed to be the only true flying mammals. Unlike the glider possoms, but like the bats, the Batbearoo forelimbs form webbed wings and it does indeed fly, rather than simply glide, by flapping the outspread digits of its forelimbs - or, essentially, wing. This is an instance of convergent evolution; the Batbearoo fills a similar niche to the bats and hence their ressemblance, despite the lack of any close relation to placental mammals.
Batbearoos can grow to 25 cm (10 inches) in length and weigh up to 1 kg (2.2 pounds) and are usually mistaken for various members of the bat family.
Like all marsupials, the Batbearoo carries its young in a pouch, like this female. The young are born quite immature and spend up to 24 months being carried in their mother's pouch. When sufficiently grown to fly on their own, the mother batbearoo tightens her abdominal muscles and dives from a great height, causing the young to slip out of the pouch and instinctively spread its wings. It can safely glide for great distances before venturing to flap its wings and truly fly. The Batbearoo parents can be seen spiralling around, roaring and perstering their young to encourage them to flap their wings.
The Batbearoo is most active in the evening. Like their cousins the quolls they are carnivorous, preying on small mammals and insects. Their variable blue colouring makes them virtually invisible against the sky and rarely spotted in the shadows of the evening forest.
A former railway station building from the 19th century. It's the worlds oldest surviving monumental railway architecture.
The station opened in 1838. When New St Station was finished in 1854, Curzon St stopped being a passenger station, put holiday trips continued until 1893. It remained in use until 1966 as a goods station. It was called Birmingham Station until 1852 when they added Curzon St.
It is Grade I listed but isn't in use at the moment.
Curzon Street Station was the terminus of the London and Birmingham Railway which started at London Euston.
The line was engineered by Robert Stephenson
London and Birmingham Railway - Wikipedia
After ceasing being a station for passengers, it was later the called British Rail Goods Office. But it hasn't been that in a very long time.
It was formerly listed as the Railway Goods Office.
1838, by Philip Hardwick. The original terminus to the London-Birmingham railway Ashlar. In the Ionic style. Three storeys, 3 bays and austerely cubic. Portico of 4 really giant Ionic columns to the dentilled entablature with attic. Behind, a carved achievement of arms and swags over the glazed tympanum above the great panelled doors and 2 ground floor single windows. The first floor with 2 windows with blind balconys and cornices on brackets. Second floor with 3 windows in flat surrounds. All windows sashes mostly with glazing bars. To the rear, 2 engaged Ionic columns between square piers. To the left, a length of wall with intermittent balustrading.
As part of the initial lineup of Figuarts releases for the Dragon Ball Super: Broly feature length film, two characters were announced - Fully Power Broly and SSGSS Gogeta, both characters that existed in the Dragon Ball universe, but not officially in canon. With the movie, these characters are now legit official, and not just the fever dream of ner.. I mean, enthusiasts, everywhere. I had preordered the Broly and received it several months ago. Recently, I came across an ad on Kijiji (surprise, surprise) for a well priced Gogeta. Naturally, I jumped on the opportunity, and added him to the collection.
If you haven't followed Dragon Ball for a while, don't worry, the formula hasn't changed. Power creep is still the basic solution to all of the universes problems, and SSGSS Gogeta is the solution to the Broly problem. The current highest power level Saiyans can reach (Super Saiyan God Super Saiyan) added to the perfect fusion of the two main lead characters, Goku and Vegeta. I haven't seen the movie yet, but based on the clips I've seen and blurbs I've read, it seems that even at these power levels, it was more or less an even fight, despite Broly only going Super Saiyan (hence why he's not blue). It's neat for me to own this, as I happen to have the SSGSS version of Vegito, their other fusion, as I went to Fan Expo last year.
The set comes with what you'd normally expect to see from a Dragon Ball Super Saiyan. There's the figure, one depowered head with smirking expression, then three expression for SSGSS mode (neutral, attack, smirking), a few hands (close fists, battle stance, Ki blast, open palm) and well, that's it. No Ki blast, no stand, but you read enough of these, none of this should be surprise.
Lets talk sculpt first. It's kind of subtle, but the look of the characters did evolve slightly for the movie, even compared to their contemporary TV series counterparts. To me, maybe due to larger budget, but the characters seem less swole, and more ripped. Muscle definition across the board is quite impressive, and it feels that these aesthetic has in fact been carried over to the entire Broly movie line. Muscle definition of the chest, abs, and arms are really well done. Definitions on fabric is great, especially the detailing of his sash, pants, and leg bindings. This is all coupled with a fantastic sculpt that invokes the look of the on screen model. Furthermore, this figure is built on what I call the Dragon Ball 2.0 body, allowing for more accurate proportions, including not having everyone share the same head size (not exactly new, but noted for completion sake). Overall, what you see on screen is very well realized in your hands.
Paint work is overall tack sharp, as with the rest of the recent Dragon Ball line. From a paint bleed perspective, very little noticeable, with the most obvious being the yellow at the base of the collar on the back and some where the hair and the ears meet. No areas of heavy spray to note, and bonus points for the use of a glossier paint for the hair. No QC issues to complain about, with all finishes being nice and all parts coming together as one would expect.
Articulation is where this line (at least with the males) shine. Gogeta features toe, ankles, double jointed knees, thighs, hips, waist, ab crunch, shoulders with chest compress, biceps, double jointed elbows, wrists, head, and neck. For those looking for bonus points, the sash has a point of articulation for the pieces of below flowing off the waist, and technically, those yellow things on his shoulders are attached to the body with a ball joint, which as an added bonus means it doesn't fly off the body at the slightest opportunity. Due to the 2.0 build of the body, the hips and thighs feature a design that lowers the actual joint approximately 1/8 of an inch from the spot traditional figures place it, allowing for greater range of motion, filling in the gap with a small piece of plastic. It looks a little weird when staring at the waist area if the figure is standing straight, but lets be honest, not too many people are going to leave their figures standing in museum poses. One of things that Tamashi Nations didn't do, and I'm guessing due to aesthetics, is that if the divot on the forearm was deeper, you could get the arms to bend a bit more. Of course, that wouldn't look as nice so, I guess you wins some, you lose some.
All this description should give you an idea of the incredible amount of freedom you have when displaying this figure. It's this incredible potential for poses that makes the lack of any effects or a stand that much more maddening, and the lack of aftermarket support for Ki blast is odd, considering how much money Bandai could make.
That's really about it. I like Gogeta, as I do the rest of the Dragon Ball line. Not just because I like the characters, but from an articulation and quality perspective, this is one of those lines where Tamashii Nations brings their A++ game, and honestly lack of space and pricing is the only thing holding me back from being a completest.. not that doing so seems even remotely possible, given how hard getting some pieces is, and then there's the potential for some convention exclusive recolour or version 3.0 or something. As always, if you're looking for a great action figure, pick up pretty much any of the more recent male Dragon Ball release. What they can do will blow your mind almost as much as what they left out.
NARMADA PARIKRAMA
The Narmada also called the Rewa, is a river in central India and the fifth longest river in the Indian subcontinent. It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India, after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh" for its huge contribution to the state of Madhya Pradesh in many ways. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through theGulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River and the Mahi River. It is the one of the rivers in India that flows in a rift valley, flowing west between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. The other rivers which flows through rift valley include Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but between different ranges. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh(1,077 km (669.2 mi)), and Maharashtra, (74 km (46.0 mi))– (35 km (21.7 mi)) then along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km (24.2 mi) and the border between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and in Gujarat (161 km (100.0 mi)).
The Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. 80 AD) calls it the Nammadus, and theBritish Raj called it the Nerbudda or Narbada. Narmadā is a Sanskrit word meaning "the Giver of Pleasure".
To Hindus the Narmada is one of the five holy rivers of India; the other four beingGanges, Yamuna, Godavari and Kaveri. It is believed that a dip in any of these five rivers washes one's sins away. According to a legend, the river Ganges, polluted by millions of people bathing in it, assumes the form of a black cow and comes to the Narmada to bathe and cleanse itself in its holy waters. Legends also claim that the Narmada River is older than the river Ganges.
The river was mentioned by Ptolemy in the second century AD as Namade and by the author of the Periplus. The Ramayana, the Mahabharat, and thePuranas refer to it frequently. The Rewa Khand of Vayu Purana and the Rewa Khand of Skanda Purana are entirely devoted to the story of the birth and the importance of the river, and hence Narmada is also called the Rewa.
There are many fables about the origin of the Narmada. According to one of them, once Lord Shiva, the Destroyer of the Universe, meditated so hard that he started perspiring. Shiva's sweat accumulated in a tank and started flowing in the form of a river – the Narmada. Another legend has it that two teardrops that fell from the eyes of Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, yielded two rivers – the Narmada and the Son.
Legends also say that for Lord Shiva, the Hindu God, the river is especially sacred on account of its origin, and it is often called Shankari, i.e., daughter of Shankar (Lord Shiva). All the pebbles rolling on its bed are said to take the shape of his emblem with the saying, "Narmada Ke Kanker utte Sankar" (a popular saying in the Hindi belt of India), which means that 'pebble stones of Narmada get a personified form of Shiva'. These lingam shaped stones (cryptocrytalline quartz), calledBanalinga also called (Banashivalingas) are much sought after for daily worship by the Hindus. The Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, constructed by Rajaraja Chola, has one of the biggest Banalingas. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada on the banks of the river Narmada.
Narmada is also said to have been in love with the Sonbhadra, another river flowing on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. According to the Puranas, the Narmada is also called the Rewa, from its leaping motion (from the root 'rev') through its rocky bed.
Important religious places and Ghats along the course of the river, starting from its origin at Narmadakhund at Amarkantakhill, are a) the Amarkantak (in Sanskrit: Neck of Shiva) or Teertharaj (the King of Pilgrimages), b) Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Mahadeo temples, Nemawar Siddeshwar Mandir in the middle reach of the river – all named after Shiva, c) Chausath Yogini (sixty four yoginis) temple, d) Chaubis Avatar temple, e) Bhojpur Shiva temple and Bhrigu Rishi temple in Bharuch. The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins.
The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by the fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of aparikrama or circumambulation of the river.[17] The Narmada Parikrama, as it is called, is considered to be a meritorious act that a pilgrim can undertake. Many sadhus and pilgrims walk on foot from the Arabian Sea at Bharuch in Gujarat, along the river, to the source in Maikal Mountains (Amarkantak hills) in Madhya Pradesh and back along the opposite bank of the river. It is a 2,600-kilometre (1,600 mi) walk.[18] Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur, Barwani, Hoshangabad, Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, andRajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa andBhimbetka, and among the falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara. By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com
NARMADA PARIKRAMA
The Narmada also called the Rewa, is a river in central India and the fifth longest river in the Indian subcontinent. It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India, after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh" for its huge contribution to the state of Madhya Pradesh in many ways. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through theGulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River and the Mahi River. It is the one of the rivers in India that flows in a rift valley, flowing west between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. The other rivers which flows through rift valley include Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but between different ranges. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh(1,077 km (669.2 mi)), and Maharashtra, (74 km (46.0 mi))– (35 km (21.7 mi)) then along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km (24.2 mi) and the border between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and in Gujarat (161 km (100.0 mi)).
The Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. 80 AD) calls it the Nammadus, and theBritish Raj called it the Nerbudda or Narbada. Narmadā is a Sanskrit word meaning "the Giver of Pleasure".
To Hindus the Narmada is one of the five holy rivers of India; the other four beingGanges, Yamuna, Godavari and Kaveri. It is believed that a dip in any of these five rivers washes one's sins away. According to a legend, the river Ganges, polluted by millions of people bathing in it, assumes the form of a black cow and comes to the Narmada to bathe and cleanse itself in its holy waters. Legends also claim that the Narmada River is older than the river Ganges.
The river was mentioned by Ptolemy in the second century AD as Namade and by the author of the Periplus. The Ramayana, the Mahabharat, and thePuranas refer to it frequently. The Rewa Khand of Vayu Purana and the Rewa Khand of Skanda Purana are entirely devoted to the story of the birth and the importance of the river, and hence Narmada is also called the Rewa.
There are many fables about the origin of the Narmada. According to one of them, once Lord Shiva, the Destroyer of the Universe, meditated so hard that he started perspiring. Shiva's sweat accumulated in a tank and started flowing in the form of a river – the Narmada. Another legend has it that two teardrops that fell from the eyes of Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, yielded two rivers – the Narmada and the Son.
Legends also say that for Lord Shiva, the Hindu God, the river is especially sacred on account of its origin, and it is often called Shankari, i.e., daughter of Shankar (Lord Shiva). All the pebbles rolling on its bed are said to take the shape of his emblem with the saying, "Narmada Ke Kanker utte Sankar" (a popular saying in the Hindi belt of India), which means that 'pebble stones of Narmada get a personified form of Shiva'. These lingam shaped stones (cryptocrytalline quartz), calledBanalinga also called (Banashivalingas) are much sought after for daily worship by the Hindus. The Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, constructed by Rajaraja Chola, has one of the biggest Banalingas. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada on the banks of the river Narmada.
Narmada is also said to have been in love with the Sonbhadra, another river flowing on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. According to the Puranas, the Narmada is also called the Rewa, from its leaping motion (from the root 'rev') through its rocky bed.
Important religious places and Ghats along the course of the river, starting from its origin at Narmadakhund at Amarkantakhill, are a) the Amarkantak (in Sanskrit: Neck of Shiva) or Teertharaj (the King of Pilgrimages), b) Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Mahadeo temples, Nemawar Siddeshwar Mandir in the middle reach of the river – all named after Shiva, c) Chausath Yogini (sixty four yoginis) temple, d) Chaubis Avatar temple, e) Bhojpur Shiva temple and Bhrigu Rishi temple in Bharuch. The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins.
The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by the fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of aparikrama or circumambulation of the river.[17] The Narmada Parikrama, as it is called, is considered to be a meritorious act that a pilgrim can undertake. Many sadhus and pilgrims walk on foot from the Arabian Sea at Bharuch in Gujarat, along the river, to the source in Maikal Mountains (Amarkantak hills) in Madhya Pradesh and back along the opposite bank of the river. It is a 2,600-kilometre (1,600 mi) walk.[18] Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur, Barwani, Hoshangabad, Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, andRajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa andBhimbetka, and among the falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara. By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com
NARMADA PARIKRAMA
The Narmada also called the Rewa, is a river in central India and the fifth longest river in the Indian subcontinent. It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India, after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh" for its huge contribution to the state of Madhya Pradesh in many ways. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through theGulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River and the Mahi River. It is the one of the rivers in India that flows in a rift valley, flowing west between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. The other rivers which flows through rift valley include Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but between different ranges. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh(1,077 km (669.2 mi)), and Maharashtra, (74 km (46.0 mi))– (35 km (21.7 mi)) then along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km (24.2 mi) and the border between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and in Gujarat (161 km (100.0 mi)).
The Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. 80 AD) calls it the Nammadus, and theBritish Raj called it the Nerbudda or Narbada. Narmadā is a Sanskrit word meaning "the Giver of Pleasure".
To Hindus the Narmada is one of the five holy rivers of India; the other four beingGanges, Yamuna, Godavari and Kaveri. It is believed that a dip in any of these five rivers washes one's sins away. According to a legend, the river Ganges, polluted by millions of people bathing in it, assumes the form of a black cow and comes to the Narmada to bathe and cleanse itself in its holy waters. Legends also claim that the Narmada River is older than the river Ganges.
The river was mentioned by Ptolemy in the second century AD as Namade and by the author of the Periplus. The Ramayana, the Mahabharat, and thePuranas refer to it frequently. The Rewa Khand of Vayu Purana and the Rewa Khand of Skanda Purana are entirely devoted to the story of the birth and the importance of the river, and hence Narmada is also called the Rewa.
There are many fables about the origin of the Narmada. According to one of them, once Lord Shiva, the Destroyer of the Universe, meditated so hard that he started perspiring. Shiva's sweat accumulated in a tank and started flowing in the form of a river – the Narmada. Another legend has it that two teardrops that fell from the eyes of Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, yielded two rivers – the Narmada and the Son.
Legends also say that for Lord Shiva, the Hindu God, the river is especially sacred on account of its origin, and it is often called Shankari, i.e., daughter of Shankar (Lord Shiva). All the pebbles rolling on its bed are said to take the shape of his emblem with the saying, "Narmada Ke Kanker utte Sankar" (a popular saying in the Hindi belt of India), which means that 'pebble stones of Narmada get a personified form of Shiva'. These lingam shaped stones (cryptocrytalline quartz), calledBanalinga also called (Banashivalingas) are much sought after for daily worship by the Hindus. The Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, constructed by Rajaraja Chola, has one of the biggest Banalingas. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada on the banks of the river Narmada.
Narmada is also said to have been in love with the Sonbhadra, another river flowing on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. According to the Puranas, the Narmada is also called the Rewa, from its leaping motion (from the root 'rev') through its rocky bed.
Important religious places and Ghats along the course of the river, starting from its origin at Narmadakhund at Amarkantakhill, are a) the Amarkantak (in Sanskrit: Neck of Shiva) or Teertharaj (the King of Pilgrimages), b) Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Mahadeo temples, Nemawar Siddeshwar Mandir in the middle reach of the river – all named after Shiva, c) Chausath Yogini (sixty four yoginis) temple, d) Chaubis Avatar temple, e) Bhojpur Shiva temple and Bhrigu Rishi temple in Bharuch. The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins.
The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by the fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of aparikrama or circumambulation of the river.[17] The Narmada Parikrama, as it is called, is considered to be a meritorious act that a pilgrim can undertake. Many sadhus and pilgrims walk on foot from the Arabian Sea at Bharuch in Gujarat, along the river, to the source in Maikal Mountains (Amarkantak hills) in Madhya Pradesh and back along the opposite bank of the river. It is a 2,600-kilometre (1,600 mi) walk.[18] Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur, Barwani, Hoshangabad, Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, andRajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa andBhimbetka, and among the falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara. By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com
NARMADA PARIKRAMA
The Narmada also called the Rewa, is a river in central India and the fifth longest river in the Indian subcontinent. It is the third longest river that flows entirely within India, after the Godavari and the Krishna. It is also known as "Life Line of Madhya Pradesh" for its huge contribution to the state of Madhya Pradesh in many ways. It forms the traditional boundary between North India and South India and flows westwards over a length of 1,312 km (815.2 mi) before draining through theGulf of Khambhat into the Arabian Sea, 30 km (18.6 mi) west of Bharuch city of Gujarat. It is one of only three major rivers in peninsular India that run from east to west (longest west flowing river), along with the Tapti River and the Mahi River. It is the one of the rivers in India that flows in a rift valley, flowing west between the Satpura and Vindhya ranges. The other rivers which flows through rift valley include Damodar River in Chota Nagpur Plateau and Tapti. The Tapti River and Mahi River also flow through rift valleys, but between different ranges. It flows through the states of Madhya Pradesh(1,077 km (669.2 mi)), and Maharashtra, (74 km (46.0 mi))– (35 km (21.7 mi)) then along the border between Madhya Pradesh and Maharashtra (39 km (24.2 mi) and the border between Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat and in Gujarat (161 km (100.0 mi)).
The Periplus Maris Erythraei (c. 80 AD) calls it the Nammadus, and theBritish Raj called it the Nerbudda or Narbada. Narmadā is a Sanskrit word meaning "the Giver of Pleasure".
To Hindus the Narmada is one of the five holy rivers of India; the other four beingGanges, Yamuna, Godavari and Kaveri. It is believed that a dip in any of these five rivers washes one's sins away. According to a legend, the river Ganges, polluted by millions of people bathing in it, assumes the form of a black cow and comes to the Narmada to bathe and cleanse itself in its holy waters. Legends also claim that the Narmada River is older than the river Ganges.
The river was mentioned by Ptolemy in the second century AD as Namade and by the author of the Periplus. The Ramayana, the Mahabharat, and thePuranas refer to it frequently. The Rewa Khand of Vayu Purana and the Rewa Khand of Skanda Purana are entirely devoted to the story of the birth and the importance of the river, and hence Narmada is also called the Rewa.
There are many fables about the origin of the Narmada. According to one of them, once Lord Shiva, the Destroyer of the Universe, meditated so hard that he started perspiring. Shiva's sweat accumulated in a tank and started flowing in the form of a river – the Narmada. Another legend has it that two teardrops that fell from the eyes of Lord Brahma, the creator of the universe, yielded two rivers – the Narmada and the Son.
Legends also say that for Lord Shiva, the Hindu God, the river is especially sacred on account of its origin, and it is often called Shankari, i.e., daughter of Shankar (Lord Shiva). All the pebbles rolling on its bed are said to take the shape of his emblem with the saying, "Narmada Ke Kanker utte Sankar" (a popular saying in the Hindi belt of India), which means that 'pebble stones of Narmada get a personified form of Shiva'. These lingam shaped stones (cryptocrytalline quartz), calledBanalinga also called (Banashivalingas) are much sought after for daily worship by the Hindus. The Brihadeeswara Temple in Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, constructed by Rajaraja Chola, has one of the biggest Banalingas. Adi Shankara met his guru Govinda Bhagavatpada on the banks of the river Narmada.
Narmada is also said to have been in love with the Sonbhadra, another river flowing on the Chota Nagpur Plateau. According to the Puranas, the Narmada is also called the Rewa, from its leaping motion (from the root 'rev') through its rocky bed.
Important religious places and Ghats along the course of the river, starting from its origin at Narmadakhund at Amarkantakhill, are a) the Amarkantak (in Sanskrit: Neck of Shiva) or Teertharaj (the King of Pilgrimages), b) Omkareshwar, Maheshwar, and Mahadeo temples, Nemawar Siddeshwar Mandir in the middle reach of the river – all named after Shiva, c) Chausath Yogini (sixty four yoginis) temple, d) Chaubis Avatar temple, e) Bhojpur Shiva temple and Bhrigu Rishi temple in Bharuch. The Narmada River is also worshipped as mother goddess by Narmadeeya Brahmins.
The importance of the Narmada River as sacred is testified by the fact that the pilgrims perform a holy pilgrimage of aparikrama or circumambulation of the river.[17] The Narmada Parikrama, as it is called, is considered to be a meritorious act that a pilgrim can undertake. Many sadhus and pilgrims walk on foot from the Arabian Sea at Bharuch in Gujarat, along the river, to the source in Maikal Mountains (Amarkantak hills) in Madhya Pradesh and back along the opposite bank of the river. It is a 2,600-kilometre (1,600 mi) walk.[18] Important towns of interest in the valley are Jabalpur, Barwani, Hoshangabad, Harda, Narmada Nagar, Omkareshwar, Dewas (Nemavar, Kity, Pipri), Mandla and Maheshwar in Madhya Pradesh, andRajpipla and Bharuch in Gujarat. Some places of historical interest are Joga Ka Quilla, Chhatri of Baji Rao Peshwa andBhimbetka, and among the falls are the Dugdhdhara, Dhardi falls, Bheraghat, Dhuandhara, Kapiladhara and Sahastradhara. By Kailash Mansarovar Foundation Swami Bikash Giri www.sumeruparvat.com , www.naturalitem.com
Schönen Blumen-Donnerstag - Quinta -
Feliz quinta flowers =~ - ein Blumengruss am Donnerstag
Post Flowers on Thursday
Happy Thursday-Flowers ♥ .•*´¨´¨*•.¸♡
Camera Canon PowerShot SX1 IS
Exposure 0.001 sec (1/1000)
Aperture f/4.5
Focal Length 23.8 mm ~ 135 mm analog
ISO Speed 100
Exposure Bias -1/3 EV
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1987 Perini Navi Paz (antes «Andrómeda la Dea»)
Eslora total / Length overall: 141 ft / 43 m
Eslora de flotación (a plena carga) LWL full load: 113.9 ft / 34.5 m
Manga (máxima) Beam (max): 29 ft / 8.8 m
Calado (killa arriba) / Draught (keel up): 20.79 ft / 6.3 m
Calado (quilla abajo) / Draught (keel down): 9.24 ft / 2.8 m
Motores/ Engines: 2 MTU 183 TE 91
Maximum power: 2 x 441 kW
Hull construction: Steel
Construcción de la superestructura: Aluminio
Superstructure construction: Aluminium
Desplazamiento a plena carga / Displacement full load: 296 t
Velocidad a máxima / Speed at maximum power: 13 kt
Capacidad de combustible / Fuel capacity: 27,400 lt
Agua dulce / Fresh water: 10,900 lt
Altura máxima delmastil / Main mast height above DWL: 148.5 ft / 45 m
Mizzen mast height above DWL: 111.5 ft / 33.8 m
Superficie vélica / Total sail area: 9,688 sq ft / 900 mq
Interior Design: Perini Navi
Arquitecto / Naval Architecture: Perini Navi
Constructor / Builder: Perini Navi - Viareggio, Italy
Sheath/Column Sweetheart Knee-Length Satin Lace Wedding Dress With Ruffle Beading
www.jjshouse.com/Sheath-Column-Sweetheart-Knee-Length-Sat...
LIllian - 3/4 Sleeve Raglan Tee - White Marl / White Marl
Womens LIllian 3/4 Sleeve Raglan Tee White Marl / White Marl by Bedroom Athletics.
Chest print
Super soft
Crew neck
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I belive this is a Southern Pacific Rattlesnake, or a Timber Rattlesnake?. This guy was about two and a half feet long.
April 19, 2009
Camera: Canon EOS Digital Rebel XTi
Exposure: 0.004 sec (1/250)
Aperture: f/8.0
Focal Length: 200 mm
ISO Speed: 200
Rosalba-Carriera -
Portrait of a girl looking to the left, bust-length, wearing a blue mantle [18th century]
Christie's
www.christies.com/en/lot/lot-4936791
***********************************************************************************
A pastel portrait of a girl in the same pose as the present drawing, but with her hands held differently and in less elaborate costume and headgear, is in a private collection in Los Angeles (B. Sani, Rosalba Carriera, Turin, 1988, no. 210, pl. 184).
Nikon D40
Focal Length: 26mm
Optimize Image: Custom
Color Mode: Mode IIIa (sRGB)
Long Exposure NR: Off
High ISO NR: Off
2008/10/20 15:35:48.1
Exposure Mode: Shutter Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp.: Auto
Compressed RAW (12-bit)
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-S
Hue Adjustment: 0°
1/1250 sec - F/5.6
Flash Sync Mode: Not Attached
Saturation: Auto
Color
Exposure Comp.: -1.3 EV
Sharpening: Medium high
Lens: 18-200mm F/3.5-6.3G Sigma
Sensitivity: ISO 200
Image Comment: (c) Gerard Prins (56) 22758 7209
Lodhie Foundation sets up Basketball at Chhor Boys High School in Umerkot District of Sindh Province in Pakistan on Jan29, 2014
The Basketball system was built, installed and game initiated by the fine team of Shaantech KEPZ Karachi in collaboration with students, teachers, staff of the Chhor Boys school. This team game initiative is part of our poverty alleviation and human development work being introduced in many unprivilaged rural areas and villages of Sindh as a start.
Team sports are equally as important as education in developing world class citizens.
Why I picked Basketball Halfcourt to Sindh villages and now schools. 1) All ages have fun playing it 2) Can be set up in any small area of village, home, school or factory 3) Very low cost set up and material 4) Very easy to learn to play 5) Teaches teamwork to win 6) Teaches you to stay focused, be unselfish 7) Gives very healthy exercise 8) Length of game only 1 hour or less 9) Encourages and allows participation of family, friends, teachers
Pleated and Floral Satin Strapless Cocktail Length Bridesmaid Dress (Left) will be delicate tailored and it will be a perfect bridesmaid dress for you which will make your wedding more successful and memorable!
Silhouette: A-line
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Waistline: Natural
Hemline: Cocktail Length
Fabric: Satin
Embellishment: Pleat, Flower
Back Detail: Zipper
Fully Lined: Yes
Built-in Bra: Yes
Occasion: Wedding Party, Bridesmaid
Net Weight: 1.5KG
Shipping Weight: 2.0KG
www.ibuzone.com/pleated-and-floral-satin-strapless-cockta...
*Feature-length article on Alex Kerr's foundation Iori, which restores heritage houses, primarily in Kyoto, and converts them to living space and culture centers.
*Interview with Yamai Tsunao, a young Noh actor who is working to bring the dramatic art more mainstream attention and appreciation.
*an essay on black cultural revival in America over the last 50 years and its interesting connection with Japanese culture.
*interview with and photospread by Ikeya Tomohide, who shoots stunning and often erotic pictures of Butoh dancers underwater.
*travel article on Kochi
*write-up on the Amami-Oshima island singer Kizuki Minami and her recent accomplishments in music
*the usual: art, photography, poetry, book reviews, Fair Trade topics and more...
The art and most of the photography is only available in the print version. For more information:
Nikon D40
Focal Length: 100mm
Optimize Image: Custom
Color Mode: Mode II (Adobe RGB)
Long Exposure NR: Off
High ISO NR: Off
2012/02/02 21:12:23.9
Exposure Mode: Aperture Priority
White Balance: Auto
Tone Comp.: Auto
Compressed RAW (12-bit)
Metering Mode: Multi-Pattern
AF Mode: AF-S
Hue Adjustment: 0°
1/500 sec - F/6.3
Flash Sync Mode: Not Attached
Saturation: Auto
Color
Exposure Comp.: -2.0 EV
Sharpening: Medium high
Lens: 100-300mm F/4D EXSigma
Sensitivity: ISO 400
Image Comment: (c) Gerard Prins All rights reserved
Tel.: (56) 22758 7209
Category:Full Length Leggings
Collection:Phoenix
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Description
•Made from 95% Combed Cotton 5% Elastane (for stretch) Fabric
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The memorial was created on the initiative of Manchester's Polish community, who not only funded it but had to go to great lengths to persuade the local council to grant the required planning permission. The memorial is located next to Princess Parkway, in an area in which there are many Polish graves.
The Katyń massacre ("zbrodnia katyńska" in Polish) was the mass murder of approximately 22000 Polish nationals carried out by the Soviet secret police (NKVD) in April and May 1940. The massacre was prompted by a proposal (dated 5th March 1940) from Lavrentiy Beria, Minister of Internal Affairs of the Soviet Union, to execute all members of the Polish Officer Corps who had been captured and imprisoned by the USSR during the Nazi-Soviet invasion of Poland in 1939. This official document was approved and signed by the Soviet Politburo, including its leader Joseph Stalin.
As well as approximately 8000 officers of the Polish army, the victims of the Katyń massacre included 6000 police officers and thousands of university lecturers, teachers, doctors, lawyers, civic leaders, politicians, government officials, priests and other members of the "bourgeoisie" who had been targeted for arrest following the Soviet occupation of eastern Poland.
By physically eliminating Poland’s military and civilian elites, Stalin wanted to decapitate the Polish nation and ensure it was less able to resist the enforced Sovietisation of the occupied Polish territories.
The victims were all citizens of Poland, but not all were ethnically Polish - for example, the murdered army officers included Ukrainians, Belarusians and several hundred Jews, among them Baruch Steinberg, the Chief Rabbi of the Polish army. The majority were interned at three Soviet camps (Kozielsk, Starobielsk and Ostaszków) before being taken to NKVD mass murder sites, where they were executed and buried in mass graves.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baruch_Steinberg
Although the killings took place at several different locations in Soviet Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, the massacre is named after the Katyń forest in the Smolensk Oblast of western Russia where the graves of the Kozielsk prisoners were discovered in 1943. The exact fate of the other victims and the location of their graves was not confirmed until five decades later. After the discovery of the Katyń burial site the USSR denied responsibility for the massacre and tried to blame it on the Germans, and continued to lie about the killings for 50 years until finally admitting Soviet guilt in 1990 and revealing where the remaining victims were buried.
It eventually became possible to exhume and identify the bodies from the mass murder sites at Charków (Kharkiv), where the NKVD murdered the prisoners who were interned at Starobielsk, and Miednoje (Mednoye), where the NKVD murdered the prisoners who were interned at Ostaszków - as well as other locations such as Bykownia (Bykivnia).
Most of the Ostaszków prisoners were killed by Beria's chief executioner Vasily Blokhin, who was awarded the Order of the Red Banner by Stalin at the end of April 1940 for demonstrating "skill and organisation in the effective carrying out of special tasks".
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasily_Blokhin
Although several other ex-members of the NKVD eventually confessed to participating in the Katyń massacre, none of the perpetrators were ever brought to justice, and neither the Soviet government nor successive governments of Russia have ever permitted a full investigation of this war crime.
There's also no shortage of vatniks, tankies and other useful idiots out there who are still in denial about it, even though claims that the murders were carried out by the Germans have zero credibility and have been comprehensively debunked (it's actually impossible for the Polish prisoners interned at Ostaszków - who disappeared without trace in 1940 and whose bodies were found in Miednoje in 1991 - to have been captured, killed and buried by the Germans, who never reached either of these locations in Russia at any time during World War 2)....
holocaustcontroversies.blogspot.com/2023/02/debunking-gro...
The Manchester memorial was unveiled in 1990 and soil from the Katyń site was buried inside. Soil from the mass murder site at Charków (Kharkiv) was added in 1992. Soil from the mass murder site at Miednoje (Mednoye) was added in 2001.
Length: 131-142.5cm.
Tail: 29-35cm.
Weight: 19-45kg, though Egyptian specimens generally lighter.
Large, rather front-heavy carnivore, superficially dog-like. Head proportion¬ately large with broad, rounded ears, reverse blackish, paler inside. Muzzle broad, grayish, darkening toward tip. Throat dark. Fore-quarters powerful, hindquarters lower set and weaker. Hair long and shaggy with dis-tinct mane from the neck to the base of the tail. Pale gray to beige with narrow brown to blackish vertical stripes, broken into spots on the neck and flanks. Legs pale with clear transverse stripes that break into spots on the inner side. Feet blackish. Tail relatively short, full, rather pointed at tip. Pale, darker above and with blackish tip.
The full length of the former 13th Street in San Francisco can be seen at the bottom of this photo, between Mission Street and Bryant Street. Only a couple stubs of this street still exist, on either side under the Central Freeway, with Division Street running directly under the freeway and dividing the stubs.
This photo is a selection from a composite image of aerial photographs at the SF Public Library, taken in 1938 and assembled here at www.davidrumsey.com.
Built: 2006
Dimensions: 130 feet length/ 25 feet beam/ 6 feet draft
Class: First class
Type: Motor Yacht
Capacity: 16 guests
Crew: 7 crew members + 1 naturalist multilingual guide
Accommodation: 10 cabins. Each cabin with private bathroom (toilet, shower, washbasin and vanity)
Facilities: Bar, dining room, salon and sun deck. All cabins and public areas are fully carpeted. Snorkeling gear available for rent.
Safety and navigation: Twin RL72C, 24 miles range Raytheon radar's; Raytheon L755 Ecosounder & Chart plotter; 667 Furuno Ecosounder; Raytheon GPS-112; 1503 Furuno SSB radio; Standard Spectrum VHF radio; ACR RLB-23 Epirb; Ritchie magnetic compass, barometer; clock; thermometer; helm indicator; searchlight; horn. One DSB inflatable life raft for 12 passengers; One DSB inflatable life raft for 16 passengers; (Solas 74/83); 50 life jackets; fire & smoke detectors; complete fire system; Twin 14 feet Nautical RIB Inflatable boats with 25 HP outboard motor for 10 passengers each. Safety equipment complies with international Coast Guard regulations.
Markings: MARQUIS JET HOLDINGS INC,OKLAHOMA CITY ,OKLAHOMA .
Serial Number RK-520
Specifications (Hawker 400XP)
General characteristics
Crew: 2 pilots
Capacity: 7 passengers
Length: 48 ft 5 in (14.8 m)
Wingspan: 43 ft 6 in (13.3 m)
Height: 13 ft 11 in (4.2 m)
Empty weight: 10,550 lb (4,786 kg)
Max takeoff weight: 16,300 lb (7,394 kg)
Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney Canada JT15D-5 , 2965 lbf () each
Performance
Maximum speed: 450 kts (518 mph) 833 km/h
Cruise speed: 414 kts (476 mph) 767 km/h
Range: 1,482 nm (2,744 km)
Service ceiling: 45,000 ft (13,716 m)
The Hawker 400 is a small twin-engine corporate aircraft, designed by Raytheon's Beech Aircraft Company subsidiary, now part of Hawker Beechcraft.
The aircraft was originally designed as the Mitsubishi MU-300 Diamond, an all-new, all-jet development to complement and slot above the Mitsubishi MU-2 and provide Mitsubishi Heavy Industries with their top-of-the-line corporate aircraft model (hence the name "Diamond")[1]. Beechcraft bought the production rights and began manufacturing it as their own model, initially redesignated as the Beechjet 400. The Beechjet 400 was certified by the FAA in May 1985.
Raytheon/Beechcraft steadily developed their own improvements to the model, leading to the 400A in 1990. Improvements in the 400A include longer range, higher take-off weights and improved luxury appointments. An all-glass flight deck was also offered. Beechcraft also developed a version for the United States Air Force known as the T-1A Jayhawk, used as a trainer for large aircraft crews (such as tankers and strategic transports). A total of 180 T-1A trainers were delivered between 1992-1997. Another military variant is the Japan Air Self-Defense Force T-400 trainer which shares the same Type Certificate as the T-1A.[2]
In 1993 Raytheon purchased the Hawker business jet product line from British Aerospace. The Beechjet 400 was eventually renamed the Hawker 400 to map it into the Hawker product line. The Hawker 400XP incorporates further aerodynamic, mechanical and interior improvements gleaned from the Hawker 800XP.
In October 2008, Hawker Beechcraft announced upgrades to the design, resulting in the new model designation Hawker 450XP.[citation needed] Upgrades include new, more fuel efficient engines (Pratt & Whitney PW535D models with 2,965 pounds of thrust apiece) Collins Pro Line 21 avionics and Collins Venue cabin management/entertainment system and a complete interior upgrade.[
MFR Year 2007
The former Abbey Church in the village of Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes, that now serves the parish, has a total length of 72,30 meters and all of the 600 people living in Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes would easily find a chair inside. The church is a gem of poitevin architecture.
When Prosper Mérimée visited Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes mid 19th century, the church were in a very bad state. Photograps taken some decades later show, that the facade was ruined. Prosper Mérimée efforts started a reconstruction and renovation process. The first renovation, that finally saved the church, was undertaken from 1889 to 1920.
Like many churches that were erected for the pilgrims, the Abbey Church has a large ambulatory. It had a simple vaulting, when iot was built. This got replaced by the elegant vaults in Plantagenet style end of the 13th century. That caused massive problems to the stability of the choir, that could only be solved by adding very clumsy flying buttresses outside
The history of the abbey dates back to the 4th century, when Jovinus (French "Jouin") in 342 founded a small oratory near a place named Ensio. Not much is known about Jovinus. He may have been borne in a wealthy family. It is believed, that his was brother of Saint Maximin, the first Bishop of Treves.
The oratory developed into a monastery over the next decades, that was the second monastery existing in France, just after Saint-Martin-de-Ligugé, founded by St. Martin of Tours himself in 361.
During the 7th century, the bishop of Nantes, Felix, asked Martin de Vertou to christianise the area. This mission led him to Ension where he imposed Saint Benoit’s rule.
The small monastery was never threatend by the Normanic raids, as it was far away from large rivers. So it could offer refuge to the monks of "Saint Martin de Vertou", who left their monastery and brought the relics of their founding Saint, in 843.
The erection of the Abbey Church took place between 1095 and 1130, when an old Roman road, known under the name of "Saint Hilaire’s Way" was followed by pilgrims on their way to Santiago. At that time the road was one of the many that belonged all to the "Via Turonensis".
During the 100 Years´War and during the Wars of Religion the monastery got attacked and plundered. The Battle of Moncontour between the Catholic armee and the Huguenots was fought in 1569 only about 5kms west.
Monastic life was ended by the French Revolution in 1789. The Abbey was sold as national property. The church serves as a parish church since 1795. Parts of the former conventual buildings now belong to a privatly owned farm, next to the church.
The former Abbey Church in the village of Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes, that now serves the parish, has a total length of 72,30 meters and all of the 600 people living in Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes would easily find a chair inside. The church is a gem of poitevin architecture.
When Prosper Mérimée visited Saint-Jouin-de-Marnes mid 19th century, the church were in a very bad state. Photograps taken some decades later show, that the facade was ruined. Prosper Mérimée efforts started a reconstruction and renovation process. The first renovation, that finally saved the church, was undertaken from 1889 to 1920.
Different workshops created the carvings in the Abbey Church, built in only about 40 years. Most carvings are rough, compared to the style and virtuosity that was common in the Poitou-Charentes a century later.
In case this capital would be undamaged, I would not have thought about it. But now - Whodunit? And Why? I have now idea. He had a ladder and used a hammer. What an effort!
The history of the abbey dates back to the 4th century, when Jovinus (French "Jouin") in 342 founded a small oratory near a place named Ensio. Not much is known about Jovinus. He may have been borne in a wealthy family. It is believed, that his was brother of Saint Maximin, the first Bishop of Treves.
The oratory developed into a monastery over the next decades, that was the second monastery existing in France, just after Saint-Martin-de-Ligugé, founded by St. Martin of Tours himself in 361.
During the 7th century, the bishop of Nantes asked Martin de Vertou to christianise the area. This mission led him to Ension where he imposed Saint Benoit’s rule.
The small monastery was never threatend by the Normanic raids, as it was far away from large rivers. So it could offer refuge to the monks of "Saint Martin de Vertou", who left their monastery and brought the relics of their founding Saint, in 843.
The erection of the Abbey Church took place between 1095 and 1130, when an old Roman road, known under the name of "Saint Hilaire’s Way" was followed by pilgrims on their way to Santiago. At that time the road was one of the many that belonged all to the "Via Turonensis".
During the 100 Years´War and during the Wars of Religion the monastery got attacked and plundered. The Battle of Moncontour between the Catholic armee and the Huguenots was fought in 1569 only about 5kms west.
Monastic life was ended by the French Revolution in 1789. The Abbey was sold as national property. The church serves as a parish church since 1795. Parts of the former conventual buildings now belong to a privatly owned farm, next to the church.
The Beacon opened to the public on 28 March 2013
The Beacon is 80ft high and has seven floors
There are 132 steps (and a lift!)
The Beacon took 12 months to build
It includes a two-storey café with open terraces offering 360 degree views
There are four floors of business space
A sky lounge for meetings and events
The top floor is an open roof terrace offering fantastic views all year round
Eco features include an energy efficient heat recovery system and solar reflective glazing
The Beacon is included in a LED lights installation which runs the full length of the seafront to the bandstand
The project is part funded by the Council, One North East and the European Regional Development Fund 2007-2013.
Redcar is a seaside town on the Yorkshire Coast in the Redcar and Cleveland unitary authority in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is located 7 miles (11 km) east of Middlesbrough.
The Teesside built-up area's Redcar subdivision had a population of 37,073 at the 2011 Census. The town is made up of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke, Wheatlands and Zetland.
It gained a town charter in 1922, from then until 1968 it was governed by the municipal borough of Redcar. Since the abolition of County Borough of Teesside, which existed from 1968 until 1974, the town has been unparished.
Redcar occupies a low-lying site by the sea; the second element of its name is from Old Norse kjarr, meaning 'marsh', and the first may be either Old English (Anglo-Saxon) rēad meaning 'red' or OE hrēod 'reed'. The town originated as a fishing hamlet in the 14th century, trading with the larger adjacent hamlet of Coatham. Until the mid-19th century it was within the parish of Marske-by-the-Sea – mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.
Numerous ships have foundered off the Redcar coastline and many of their wrecks still exist. The Zetland is the world's oldest surviving lifeboat. It was built by Henry Greathead of South Shields and is housed in a volunteer-led sea-front museum. The lifeboat was first stationed at Redcar in 1802.
As seaside holidays became fashionable in the early 19th century, Redcar's facilities expanded. By 1841, Redcar had 794 inhabitants. In 1846, work was completed on the Middlesbrough and Redcar Railway and the presently named Redcar Central station, created to attract tourism and trade.
Redcar's population expansion corresponded with Middlesbrough's, with the discovery in 1850 of iron ore in the Eston area of Cleveland Hills. Redcar prospered as a seaside town drawing tourists attracted by eight miles of sands stretching from South Gare to Saltburn-by-the-Sea.
Plans for a pier were drawn up in 1866, but lay dormant until prompted by the announcement of plans to build a pier at Coatham in 1871. Coatham Pier was wrecked before it was completed when two sailing ships were driven through it in a storm. It had to be shortened because of the cost of repairs and was re-opened with an entrance with two kiosks and a roller-skating rink on the Redcar side, and a bandstand halfway along its length.
Redcar Racecourse was created in 1875. Redcar Pier, another pier as well as Coatham Pier, was built in the late 1870s. In October 1880 the brig Luna caused £1,000 worth of damage to this pier. In New Year's Eve 1885 SS Cochrane demolished the landing stage. and in 1897 the schooner Amarant went through the pier. A year later, its head and bandstand burned down.
In October 1898 the Coatham Pier was almost wrecked when the barque Birger struck it and the pier was thereafter allowed to disintegrate. An anchor from the Birger can be seen on the sea front pavement close to the Zetland Lifeboat Museum.
In 1907 a pavilion ballroom was built on Redcar Pier behind the entrance kiosks and in 1928 it was extended. A glass house for concerts was added to the remains of Coatham Pier's entrance. The presently named Redcar East railway station was built in 1929.
In 1929 Coatham Pier's glasshouse was replaced by the New Pavilion theatre. After the war, comedian and entertainer Larry Grayson coined his catchphrase "Shut that Door!" while performing there, since the stage door was open to the cold North Sea breeze.
Redcar Pier was deliberately breached (sectioned) in 1940 to prevent its use by enemy invasion forces. As a result of sectioning, damage by a mine explosion and deterioration it was never reconnected and instead allowed to become even more dilapidated.
In 1964 the New Pavilion Theatre was transformed into the Regent Cinema. The Redcar Pier pavilion continued in use after the war but storm damage led to it being declared unsafe and it was demolished in 1980–1981.
The town's main employers in the post-war era were the nearby Teesside Steelworks at Warrenby, founded by Dorman Long in 1917, and the ICI Wilton chemical works. The steel produced at Dorman Long was used to build the Sydney Harbour Bridge, Tyne Bridge, Auckland Harbour Bridge and many others. Both the Warrenby and Lackenby sites became part of Tata Steel when Corus was taken over in 2007, but continued to trade under the Corus name until at least February 2008. SSI bought the plant from Tata Steel in February 2011, for £320 million.
After a two-year hiatus following the mothballing of the plant in February 2010, steel was once again being made at Redcar. The Thai owners of the former Corus Plant at Lackenby, Sahaviriya Steel Industries (SSI), re-ignited the blast furnace, one of the largest in Europe, on 15 April 2012.
On 18 September 2015, production was paused due to the decline in steel prices. On 28 September 2015, the plant was "mothballed" amid poor steel trading conditions across the world and a drop in steel prices. On 2 October, the owner of the site, SSI UK, entered liquidation. On 12 October 2015 the administrator announced that there was no realistic prospect of finding a buyer and the ovens would be extinguished.
Wards periodically change, as of 2018 the town is made up of Coatham, Dormanstown, Kirkleatham, Newcomen, West Dyke, Wheatlands and Zetland. Redcar is made up of areas that do not lend their name to a ward: Warrenby, Lakes Estate, Redcar East, The Ings, Ings Farm, Mickledales and Westfield.
On 5 May 2011 Redcar elected its councillors to Redcar & Cleveland Borough Council. There was a by-election on 18 November 2011 for two vacant seats in the Zetland ward, held onto by the Liberal Democrats, and on 19 January 2012 there was a by-election for a vacant seat in Newcomen ward subsequently gained by Labour from the Liberal Democrats.
Redcar was formerly a township and chapelry in the parishes of Marske and Upleatham, in 1866 Redcar became a separate civil parish. A district in Redcar's name formed in 1885. Three years after the district was formed, the centuries-old Yorkshire authority was replaced by the North Riding of Yorkshire county council. The district became an urban district in 1894.
The settlement's town charter occurred in 1922, the district was able to be styled as a municipal borough and the settlement as a town. On 1 April 1974 the parish was abolished and merged with Teesside and Marske. On 1 April 1968 the municipal borough was abolished merged into the County Borough of Teesside, part also went to Saltburn and Marske by the Sea Urban District. This removed it from the administrative county however still ceremonially in the area. In 1961 the parish had a population of 31,460.
The 1974 reform created the non-metropolitan County of Cleveland, under the Langbaurgh non-metropolitan district. The county was also inserted into the North East England region. After further changes in 1996, the district became a unitary authority called Redcar & Cleveland in the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, the county straddling two regions of England.
The North East England region was sub-divided into combined authorities, in May 2017 the Tees Valley area voted for their first mayor. The Conservative candidate, Ben Houchen, won the election and is now in his second term.
From 1987 to 2001, the local Member of Parliament (MP) was Mo Mowlam. From 2001 to 2010 the MP was Vera Baird. In the 2010 general election there was a swing to the Liberal Democrats with Ian Swales being elected. But, in the 2015 general election, Anna Turley, a Labour MP, won back Redcar. In the snap 2017 general election, Anna Turley held onto that seat. In the general election on 12 December 2019, Anna Turley lost her seat to Conservative candidate Jacob Young with a majority of 3,527 votes. Young becomes the third conservative MP to represent Redcar, the first being Royal Naval Commander Robert Tatton Bower 1931 to 1945 and Scarborough businessman Wilfred Proudfoot between 1959 and 1964 when Redcar was part of the Cleveland constituency.
The Palace Hub, on the beach front, was built by Redcar and Cleveland Council for the creative and cultural sector of the town. An art gallery and business start up centre are located in the building. The main library is in the Redcar Heart building in the centre of the town and there is a long-standing Redcar Literary Institute, which was founded in 1896.
Redcar is home to the Tuned In! Centre, which opened in 2011 and overlooks the sea front. The multi purpose venue hosts live music as well as creative workshops for young people. The annual event Clubland on the Beach, which showcases dance acts attracting visitors from across the country, has been held at Majuba Road in Redcar for the past three years.
The town has had several parks built for tourism: Coatham Enclosure, Locke Park, Zetland Park, Lily Park, an Amusement Park with a roller coaster, and a small sea front park known locally as Titty Bottle Park. The Amusement Park near the railway closed decades ago, and Titty Bottle Park was absorbed into the redeveloped sea front around Redcar Beacon.
At the west end of High Street is a Grade II listed clock tower, a memorial to King Edward VII who was a regular visitor to Redcar. The tower has now been refurbished.
Construction of the Redcar Beacon started in 2011. In 2013, when the building had been completed, it was nominated for the Building Design Carbuncle Cup for worst new building. It came third in the whole of the UK. In December 2015, the Beacon was damaged by winds from Storm Desmond, with several large pieces of panelling falling onto the beach below. It was also damaged in winter 2016, where a panel from the top fell off in a storm.
There are 23 listed buildings in Redcar. The Grade I Listed Sir William Turner's Hospital in Kirkleatham was built between 1674–1676 and listed on the 14 June 1952.
On the Esplanade is the Grade II-Listed Zetland Lifeboat Museum housing the world's oldest lifeboat Zetland Lifeboat.
The Victorian, former Coatham Hotel stands on Newcomen Terrace sea front.[36][37] The ballroom of the hotel was home to the Redcar Jazz Club, a venue for the up-and-coming bands of the late 1960s and early 1970s.
In the south-east of Redcar is an aircraft listening post built in 1916 during the First World War as part of a regional defence system to detect approaching aircraft, principally Zeppelins, and give early warning.It is an example of an acoustic mirror, of which other examples can be found along the east coast of Britain. The mirror was used up until the invention of radar and although it was built on open fields today a modern housing estate now surrounds it. Only the concrete sound mirror remains and is now a Grade II listed building.
To the east of Redcar is the grade II* listed Church of St Peter, designed by Ignatius Bonomi and built 1822–29. In 1818, Lord Dundas gave land for a church, St Peters. The foundation stone was laid by Lady Turner of Kirkleatham in 1823. Initially it was a daughter church of Marske, but became an independent parish in 1867. It has a window commemorating local benefactor Sir William Turner.
Redcar has two railway stations, on the Tees Valley line, with trains operated by Northern and TransPennine Express, namely Redcar Central and Redcar East. A third station Redcar British Steel, which closed in December 2019, served the steelworks.
The main roads through the town are the A1085 and the A1042, with the A174 bypassing. Redcar is served primarily by Arriva North East buses, connecting Redcar with the surrounding towns and villages.
The Pangea North and CANTAT-3 submarine telecommunication cables both come ashore between Redcar and Marske-by-the-Sea.
See also: List of schools in Redcar and Cleveland
The town's further education college is Redcar & Cleveland College.
The town's secondary schools are: Outwood Academy Redcar, Sacred Heart Catholic Secondary and Rye Hills Academy.
There are eleven primary schools in Redcar: Coatham, Dormanstown, Green Gates, Ings Farm, John E Batty, Lakes, Newcomen, Riverdale, St Benedict's, Wheatlands and Zetland.
Local news and television programmes are provided by BBC North East and Cumbria and ITV Tyne Tees, the local television station TalkTeesside also broadcasts to the area. Television signals are received from the Bilsdale TV transmitter.
Local radio stations are BBC Radio Tees, Heart North East, Capital North East, Smooth North East, Greatest Hits Radio Teesside, and Zetland FM, a community based radio station which broadcast from its studios on Newcomen Terrace in the town.
The town is served by the local newspapers, East Cleveland Herald & Post which is published by the TeessideLive. The Northern Echo also covers the area.
In Coatham is Cleveland Golf Club, the first golf club to be formed in Yorkshire. It was established in 1887 and is a links course. Also in Coatham is Redcar Cricket Club, which play in the NYSD league, and Redcar Running Club.
In association football, Redcar Athletic currently compete in the Northern League Division One while Redcar Town play in Northern League Division Two. Redcar Rugby Union Football club play at Mackinlay Park.
Redcar Racecourse is one of nine thoroughbred horse racecourses in Yorkshire. There is also a motorcycle speedway racing team, the Redcar Bears racing in the SGB Championship. The race track is at the South Tees Motorsport Park in Southbank Street, South Bank and is unusual in that one bend is more highly banked than the other. The team was formerly captained by 1992 World Champion Gary Havelock and was formerly managed by his father Brian.
The town is set to host the 2022 Tour of Britain stage four, UCI Europe Tour cycling race. The town was previously set to host a stage of the Tour de Yorkshire, the event was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Notable people
Gertrude Bell, colonial administrator and contemporary of Lawrence of Arabia spent her youthful years at Red Barns House in Coatham,[ which became, for a time, the Red Barns Hotel and a listed building.
The surviving negatives of Redcar photographer Alfred Edward Graham (1882–1945) were acquired by Redcar Urban District Council's Library and Museum Committee and are now held by the Redcar and Cleveland Museum Service.
Rex Hunt, governor of the Falkland Islands during the 1982 invasion by Argentina, attended Coatham School.
The former Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, Mo Mowlam, represented Redcar parliamentary constituency in the House of Commons.
Film and television actors Pip Donaghy June Laverick, and Wendy Hall, and actor/director/producer Robert Porter were all born in Redcar.
Actor and radio actor Felicity Finch, famous for her part in the Archers BBC Radio 4 drama series, playing Ruth Archer, was also born and grew up in Redcar.
Singer David Coverdale, lead singer with Deep Purple and Whitesnake lived in Redcar as a youth and worked in the Gentry clothes shop on Coatham Road.
Chris Norman, founder member and former lead singer of Smokie was born in Redcar.
Pete York, drummer with the Spencer Davis Group and session drummer was born in Redcar.
Paralympian, Baroness Tanni Grey-Thompson, originally from Wales, lived in Redcar for a number of years with her husband and daughter.
2011 and 2016 UCI Downhill World Champion Danny Hart was born in and currently lives in Redcar, he is frequently nicknamed "The Redcar Rocket" by commentators.
David Wheater, Bolton Wanderers and England national football team central defender, grew up and still lives in Redcar.
Snooker player Mike Dunn was born in Middlesbrough but lives in Redcar.[citation needed]
Jordan Jones, Rangers FC and Northern Ireland national football team midfielder was born in Redcar
Hayden Hackney, Middlesbrough F.C. midfielder was born in Redcar
Dylan Cartlidge, singer and multi-instrumentalist grew up in Redcar
Film and television
A location from the film Atonement
In 2006, Redcar was used as a location for the film adaptation of the Ian McEwan novel Atonement. The Coatham Hotel, Regent Cinema, a section of Newcomen Terrace and part of the beach were dressed as 1940s Dunkirk. Filming took place across three days in August 2006, with local men playing the soldiers.
In 2010, Redcar was featured on the Channel 4 television programme The Secret Millionaire. David Jamilly a humanitarian, philanthropist and self-made millionaire, visited the Redcar community and gave £25,000 to Zoë's Place for a sensory room, £25,000 to Redcar Amateur Boxing Club to start an Olympic fund, and £25,000 to Sid's Place for special counselling.
There was a subsequent visit on 14 May to a screening at Redcar's cinema, attended by the mayor and mayoress along with all the charities and people involved. The feature of the documentary involved the closure of the nearby Corus steelworks as well as the charities. On 9 December 2011, Jamilly opened the new Redcar Education Development centre in Park Avenue, Redcar. The centre provides day care for adults with learning difficulties. He also opened the Redcar Primary Care Hospital on 9 December 2011 and the new Sid's Place on 15 December 2011.
The town was filmed for the 2018 BBC television documentary The Mighty Redcar. The four-part series followed young people from Redcar and surrounding towns as they completed their studies and looked for work.
North Yorkshire is a ceremonial county in the Yorkshire and the Humber and North East regions of England. It borders County Durham to the north, the North Sea to the east, the East Riding of Yorkshire to the south-east, South Yorkshire to the south, West Yorkshire to the south-west, and Cumbria and Lancashire to the west. Northallerton is the county town.
The county is the largest in England by land area, at 9,020 km2 (3,480 sq mi), and has a population of 1,158,816. The largest settlements are Middlesbrough (174,700) in the north-east and the city of York (152,841) in the south. Middlesbrough is part of the Teesside built-up area, which extends into County Durham and has a total population of 376,663. The remainder of the county is rural, and the largest towns are Harrogate (73,576) and Scarborough (61,749). For local government purposes the county comprises four unitary authority areas — York, Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland, and North Yorkshire — and part of a fifth, Stockton-on-Tees.
The centre of the county contains a wide plain, called the Vale of Mowbray in the north and Vale of York in the south. The North York Moors lie to the east, and south of them the Vale of Pickering is separated from the main plain by the Howardian Hills. The west of the county contains the Yorkshire Dales, an extensive upland area which contains the source of the River Ouse/Ure and many of its tributaries, which together drain most of the county. The Dales also contain the county's highest point, Whernside, at 2,415 feet (736 m).
North Yorkshire non-metropolitan and ceremonial county was formed on 1 April 1974 as a result of the Local Government Act 1972. It covered most of the North Riding of Yorkshire, as well as northern parts of the West Riding of Yorkshire, northern and eastern East Riding of Yorkshire and the former county borough of York. Northallerton, as the former county town for the North Riding, became North Yorkshire's county town. In 1993 the county was placed wholly within the Yorkshire and the Humber region.
Some areas which were part of the former North Riding were in the county of Cleveland for twenty-two years (from 1974 to 1996) and were placed in the North East region from 1993. On 1 April 1996, these areas (Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland and Stockton borough south of the River Tees) became part of the ceremonial county as separate unitary authorities. These areas remain within the North East England region.
Also on 1 April 1996, the City of York non-metropolitan district and parts of the non-metropolitan county (Haxby and nearby rural areas) became the City of York unitary authority.
On 1 April 2023, the non-metropolitan county became a unitary authority. This abolished eight councils and extended the powers of the county council to act as a district council.
The York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority held its first meeting on 22 January 2024, assumed its powers on 1 February 2024 and the first mayor is to be elected in May 2024.
The geology of North Yorkshire is closely reflected in its landscape. Within the county are the North York Moors and most of the Yorkshire Dales, two of eleven areas in England and Wales to be designated national parks. Between the North York Moors in the east and the Pennine Hills. The highest point is Whernside, on the Cumbrian border, at 2,415 feet (736 m). A distinctive hill to the far north east of the county is Roseberry Topping.
North Yorkshire contains several major rivers. The River Tees is the most northerly, forming part of the border between North Yorkshire and County Durham in its lower reaches and flowing east through Teesdale before reaching the North Sea near Redcar. The Yorkshire Dales are the source of many of the county's major rivers, including the Aire, Lune, Ribble, Swale, Ure, and Wharfe.[10] The Aire, Swale, and Wharfe are tributaries of the Ure/Ouse, which at 208 km (129 mi) long is the sixth-longest river in the United Kingdom. The river is called the Ure until it meets Ouse Gill beck just below the village of Great Ouseburn, where it becomes the Ouse and flows south before exiting the county near Goole and entering the Humber estuary. The North York Moors are the catchment for a number of rivers: the Leven which flows north into the Tees between Yarm and Ingleby Barwick; the Esk flows east directly into the North Sea at Whitby as well as the Rye (which later becomes the Derwent at Malton) flows south into the River Ouse at Goole.
North Yorkshire contains a small section of green belt in the south of the county, which surrounds the neighbouring metropolitan area of Leeds along the North and West Yorkshire borders. It extends to the east to cover small communities such as Huby, Kirkby Overblow, and Follifoot before covering the gap between the towns of Harrogate and Knaresborough, helping to keep those towns separate.
The belt adjoins the southernmost part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park, and the Nidderdale AONB. It extends into the western area of Selby district, reaching as far as Tadcaster and Balne. The belt was first drawn up from the 1950s.
The city of York has an independent surrounding belt area affording protections to several outlying settlements such as Haxby and Dunnington, and it too extends into the surrounding districts.
North Yorkshire has a temperate oceanic climate, like most of the UK. There are large climate variations within the county. The upper Pennines border on a Subarctic climate. The Vale of Mowbray has an almost Semi-arid climate. Overall, with the county being situated in the east, it receives below-average rainfall for the UK. Inside North Yorkshire, the upper Dales of the Pennines are one of the wettest parts of England, where in contrast the driest parts of the Vale of Mowbray are some of the driest areas in the UK.
Summer temperatures are above average, at 22 °C. Highs can regularly reach up to 28 °C, with over 30 °C reached in heat waves. Winter temperatures are below average, with average lows of 1 °C. Snow and Fog can be expected depending on location. The North York Moors and Pennines have snow lying for an average of between 45 and 75 days per year. Sunshine is most plentiful on the coast, receiving an average of 1,650 hours a year. It reduces further west in the county, with the Pennines receiving 1,250 hours a year.
The county borders multiple counties and districts:
County Durham's County Durham, Darlington, Stockton (north Tees) and Hartlepool;
East Riding of Yorkshire's East Riding of Yorkshire;
South Yorkshire's City of Doncaster;
West Yorkshire's City of Wakefield, City of Leeds and City of Bradford;
Lancashire's City of Lancaster, Ribble Valley and Pendle
Cumbria's Westmorland and Furness.
The City of York Council and North Yorkshire Council formed the York and North Yorkshire Combined Authority in February 2024. The elections for the first directly-elected mayor will take place in May 2024. Both North Yorkshire Council and the combined authority are governed from County Hall, Northallerton.
The Tees Valley Combined Authority was formed in 2016 by five unitary authorities; Middlesbrough, Redcar and Cleveland Borough both of North Yorkshire, Stockton-on-Tees Borough (Uniquely for England, split between North Yorkshire and County Durham), Hartlepool Borough and Darlington Borough of County Durham.
In large areas of North Yorkshire, agriculture is the primary source of employment. Approximately 85% of the county is considered to be "rural or super sparse".
Other sectors in 2019 included some manufacturing, the provision of accommodation and meals (primarily for tourists) which accounted for 19 per cent of all jobs. Food manufacturing employed 11 per cent of workers. A few people are involved in forestry and fishing in 2019. The average weekly earnings in 2018 were £531. Some 15% of workers declared themselves as self-employed. One report in late 2020 stated that "North Yorkshire has a relatively healthy and diverse economy which largely mirrors the national picture in terms of productivity and jobs.
Mineral extraction and power generation are also sectors of the economy, as is high technology.
Tourism is a significant contributor to the economy. A study of visitors between 2013 and 2015 indicated that the Borough of Scarborough, including Filey, Whitby and parts of the North York Moors National Park, received 1.4m trips per year on average. A 2016 report by the National Park, states the park area gets 7.93 million visitors annually, generating £647 million and supporting 10,900 full-time equivalent jobs.
The Yorkshire Dales have also attracted many visitors. In 2016, there were 3.8 million visits to the National Park including 0.48 million who stayed at least one night. The parks service estimates that this contributed £252 million to the economy and provided 3,583 full-time equivalent jobs. The wider Yorkshire Dales area received 9.7 million visitors who contributed £644 million to the economy. The North York Moors and Yorkshire Dales are among England's best known destinations.
York is a popular tourist destination. A 2014 report, based on 2012 data, stated that York alone receives 6.9 million visitors annually; they contribute £564 million to the economy and support over 19,000 jobs. In the 2017 Condé Nast Traveller survey of readers, York rated 12th among The 15 Best Cities in the UK for visitors. In a 2020 Condé Nast Traveller report, York rated as the sixth best among ten "urban destinations [in the UK] that scored the highest marks when it comes to ... nightlife, restaurants and friendliness".
During February 2020 to January 2021, the average property in North Yorkshire county sold for £240,000, up by £8100 over the previous 12 months. By comparison, the average for England and Wales was £314,000. In certain communities of North Yorkshire, however, house prices were higher than average for the county, as of early 2021: Harrogate (average value: £376,195), Knaresborough (£375,625), Tadcaster (£314,278), Leyburn (£309,165) and Ripon (£299,998), for example.
This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added for North Yorkshire at current basic prices with figures in millions of British pounds sterling.
Unemployment in the county was traditionally low in recent years, but the lockdowns and travel restrictions necessitated by the COVID-19 pandemic had a negative effect on the economy during much of 2020 and into 2021. The UK government said in early February 2021 that it was planning "unprecedented levels of support to help businesses [in the UK] survive the crisis". A report published on 1 March 2021 stated that the unemployment rate in North Yorkshire had "risen to the highest level in nearly 5 years – with under 25s often bearing the worst of job losses".
York experienced high unemployment during lockdown periods. One analysis (by the York and North Yorkshire Local Enterprise Partnership) predicted in August 2020 that "as many as 13,835 jobs in York will be lost in the scenario considered most likely, taking the city's unemployment rate to 14.5%". Some critics claimed that part of the problem was caused by "over-reliance on the booming tourism industry at the expense of a long-term economic plan". A report in mid June 2020 stated that unemployment had risen 114 per cent over the previous year because of restrictions imposed as a result of the pandemic.
Tourism in the county was expected to increase after the restrictions imposed due the pandemic are relaxed. One reason for the expected increase is the airing of All Creatures Great and Small, a TV series about the vet James Herriot, based on a successful series of books; it was largely filmed within the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The show aired in the UK in September 2020 and in the US in early 2021. One source stated that visits to Yorkshire websites had increased significantly by late September 2020.
The East Coast Main Line (ECML) bisects the county stopping at Northallerton,Thirsk and York. Passenger service companies in the area are London North Eastern Railway, Northern Rail, TransPennine Express and Grand Central.
LNER and Grand Central operate services to the capital on the ECML, Leeds Branch Line and the Northallerton–Eaglescliffe Line. LNER stop at York, Northallerton and on to County Durham or spur over to the Tees Valley Line for Thornaby and Middlesbrough. The operator also branch before the county for Leeds and run to Harrogate and Skipton. Grand Central stop at York, Thirsk Northallerton and Eaglescliffe then over to the Durham Coast Line in County Durham.
Northern operates the remaining lines in the county, including commuter services on the Harrogate Line, Airedale Line and York & Selby Lines, of which the former two are covered by the Metro ticketing area. Remaining branch lines operated by Northern include the Yorkshire Coast Line from Scarborough to Hull, York–Scarborough line via Malton, the Hull to York Line via Selby, the Tees Valley Line from Darlington to Saltburn via Middlesbrough and the Esk Valley Line from Middlesbrough to Whitby. Last but certainly not least, the Settle-Carlisle Line runs through the west of the county, with services again operated by Northern.
The county suffered badly under the Beeching cuts of the 1960s. Places such as Richmond, Ripon, Tadcaster, Helmsley, Pickering and the Wensleydale communities lost their passenger services. Notable lines closed were the Scarborough and Whitby Railway, Malton and Driffield Railway and the secondary main line between Northallerton and Harrogate via Ripon.
Heritage railways within North Yorkshire include: the North Yorkshire Moors Railway, between Pickering and Grosmont, which opened in 1973; the Derwent Valley Light Railway near York; and the Embsay and Bolton Abbey Steam Railway. The Wensleydale Railway, which started operating in 2003, runs services between Leeming Bar and Redmire along a former freight-only line. The medium-term aim is to operate into Northallerton station on the ECML, once an agreement can be reached with Network Rail. In the longer term, the aim is to reinstate the full line west via Hawes to Garsdale on the Settle-Carlisle line.
York railway station is the largest station in the county, with 11 platforms and is a major tourist attraction in its own right. The station is immediately adjacent to the National Railway Museum.
The main road through the county is the north–south A1(M), which has gradually been upgraded in sections to motorway status since the early 1990s. The only other motorways within the county are the short A66(M) near Darlington and a small stretch of the M62 motorway close to Eggborough. The other nationally maintained trunk routes are the A168/A19, A64, A66 and A174.
Long-distance coach services are operated by National Express and Megabus. Local bus service operators include Arriva Yorkshire, Stagecoach, Harrogate Bus Company, The Keighley Bus Company, Scarborough & District (East Yorkshire), Yorkshire Coastliner, First York and the local Dales & District.
There are no major airports in the county itself, but nearby airports include Teesside International (Darlington), Newcastle and Leeds Bradford.
The main campus of Teesside University is in Middlesbrough, while York contains the main campuses of the University of York and York St John University. There are also two secondary campuses in the county: CU Scarborough, a campus of Coventry University, and Queen's Campus, Durham University in Thornaby-on-Tees.
Colleges
Middlesbrough College's sixth-form
Askham Bryan College of agriculture, Askham Bryan and Middlesbrough
Craven College, Skipton
Middlesbrough College
The Northern School of Art, Middlesbrough
Prior Pursglove College
Redcar & Cleveland College
Scarborough Sixth Form College
Scarborough TEC
Selby College
Stockton Riverside College, Thornaby
York College
Places of interest
Ampleforth College
Beningbrough Hall –
Black Sheep Brewery
Bolton Castle –
Brimham Rocks –
Castle Howard and the Howardian Hills –
Catterick Garrison
Cleveland Hills
Drax Power Station
Duncombe Park – stately home
Eden Camp Museum –
Embsay & Bolton Abbey Steam Railway –
Eston Nab
Flamingo Land Theme Park and Zoo –
Helmsley Castle –
Ingleborough Cave – show cave
John Smith's Brewery
Jorvik Viking Centre –
Lightwater Valley –
Lund's Tower
Malham Cove
Middleham Castle –
Mother Shipton's Cave –
National Railway Museum –
North Yorkshire Moors Railway –
Ormesby Hall – Palladian Mansion
Richmond Castle –
Ripley Castle – Stately home and historic village
Riverside Stadium
Samuel Smith's Brewery
Shandy Hall – stately home
Skipton Castle –
Stanwick Iron Age Fortifications –
Studley Royal Park –
Stump Cross Caverns – show cave
Tees Transporter Bridge
Theakston Brewery
Thornborough Henges
Wainman's Pinnacle
Wharram Percy
York Castle Museum –
Yorkshire Air Museum –
The Yorkshire Arboretum
The Theodosian Walls were situated between the Sea of Marmara and the Golden Horn and have a length of 6.5 km.
The walls were completed in 413 during the reign of Theodosius II (408–50). The wall was given his name, but was actually built under the supervision of Anthemius of Byzantium, a praefectus praetorio of the Eastern Roman Empire.
From 439 onwards, the sea walls were built along the Golden Horn and the Sea of Marmara (Propontis), thus walling the entire peninsula on which the city was situated.
The Theodosian Walls consisted of:
- the main inner wall (5 meters thick and 12 meters high); this was separated by a terrace (peribolos) from
- the lower outer wall (2 meters thick and 8.5 meters high).
An outer terrace, the parateichion, extended between the outer wall and the moat. The moat was about 20 m (66 ft) from the outer wall. The moat itself was over 20 m (66 ft) wide and as much as 10 m (33 ft) deep, with a 1.5 m (5 ft) high crenellated wall on the inside, which served as a first line of defense.
Access to the outer wall from the city was provided through the main gates at the base of the towers of the inner wall. The outer wall also had towers, which were placed about halfway between the towers of the inner wall. They were spaced at a distance of 48–78 m (150–250 ft) from each other. Of the towers of the outer wall, 62 have survived.
The walls of Constantinople were notoriously impregnable throughout the Middle Ages. Greek engineers used a much more effective construction technique than others in the Middle Ages. The walls in the Byzantine Empire were usually not solid, but consisted of double walls filled with rubble, which allowed gaps to be quickly repaired. Numerous armies of Bulgarians, Avars, Kipchaks, Russians, Galatians and Arabs failed to penetrate the walls. The first breach of the walls came in 1204, when the Fourth Crusade laid the city to waste. Two centuries later, the city had not yet recovered from the damage of the Crusade, and in 1453, after a relatively short siege, it fell into the hands of the Turkish Ottomans.
SUNDANCE CANYON HIKE
Trail Length — 4.3 km (2.7 mi)
Half-day trip, allow 1.5 hours
Elevation gain: 145 m (470 ft)
Maximum elevation: 1545 m (5,070 ft)
Maps: Banff 82 O/4; Banff Up-Close (Gem Trek)
Access: From the intersection at the south end of the Bow River bridge in Banff, follow Cave Avenue 1.2 km to the parking area for the Cave and Basin Centennial Centre. A paved walkway leads to the Cave and Basin complex and continues 200 m beyond to the trailhead kiosk. Check the trail conditions before you go.
Throughout most of its long history, the short 2 km loop trail leading through Sundance Canyon was accessible by road from the town of Banff. In the mid 1980s, the road beyond the Cave and Basin was converted to a paved walking and cycling path, which made the trip longer but more scenically varied. Many people bike to the canyon on the broad, paved trail, but the first half of the trip is an open and pleasant route for walkers as well.
From the Cave and Basin, the trail descends gradually through forest to the Bow River. For the next 1.5 km it follows along the river and its side channels with views of the rugged peaks to the north, including the sharp spire of Mount Edith. The final stretch to the canyon climbs gradually through forest.
Pavement and bike access end at the Sundance Canyon picnic area, where a foot trail climbs into this pleasant little canyon and then loops back through forest to the picnic area.
Marsh Trail
The 1.6 km trail around the north side of the Cave and Basin marsh is an interesting way to return from Sundance Canyon.
Follow the trail that branches right from the Sundance trail at km 0.7 (where the paved trail first meets the river). It runs downstream along the banks of the Bow River to the marsh, skirts the edge of this wetland, then turns right at a junction and crosses an earthen dike to return to the Cave and Basin parking lot. Also see: Marsh Loop Trail.
Healy Creek
This roadbed branches right from the Sundance Canyon trail at 2.2 km and rolls through forest along the south side of the Bow Valley to Brewster Creek junction (2.9 km) and the Sunshine Road (4.6 km). The smooth, broad track is of more interest to mountain bikers (and cross-country skiers) than hikers.
----------------
BANFF
Banff is a town within Banff National Park in Alberta, Canada. It is located in Alberta's Rockies along the Trans-Canada Highway, approximately 126 km (78 mi) west of Calgary and 58 km (36 mi) east of Lake Louise. At an elevation of 1,400 m (4,600 ft) to 1,630 m (5,350 ft),[3] Banff is the community with the second highest elevation in Alberta after Lake Louise.
The Town of Banff was the first municipality to incorporate within a Canadian national park. The town is a member of the Calgary Regional Partnership.
Banff is a resort town and one of Canada's most popular tourist destinations, known for its mountainous surroundings and hot springs. It is a destination for outdoor sports and features extensive hiking, biking, scrambling and skiing areas within the area. Sunshine Village, Ski Norquay and Lake Louise Mountain Resort are the three nearby ski resorts located within the national park.
excerpt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For FGR - Arm's length portraits.
Merry Christmas everyone!!
You know why I tend to like myself? Because the typical almost-21-year-old well built, moderately attractive female with a photo entitled "Bad Santa" would probably be wearing some slutty Mrs. Claus outfit and trying to look seductive. As for me? I do this. :-D
Kathleen del Muerto - breakin' the mold since 1987.
Fun fact:
Right before this I went to the mall with my best friend in the world, with the intent of laughing at all the frantic last-minute shoppers (if that's you, I apologize....wait, no I don't. Why on earth would you wait so long to buy stuff, you silly twat?!). Anyways, we ended up buying each other CD's, so I'm now the proud owner of Kings of Leon - Only By the Night. Listen. LOVE.
Make your evening with this short strapless knee-length dress. It’s in a rising trend possessing a quality of easy to wear, flaunting your legs & shoulders and designs from flirty and sexy to elegant and sophisticated to fit your style. Broad belt at the waist is very sportive.
Buy Online : www.onlygowns.com
MF手動鏡頭 - 室外散景測試 [ Large Size (1024 x 683)∣Original Size (3504 x 2336) ]
Canon EOS 30D + Tamron SP 35-105mm f/2.8 ( for Nikon Mount )
Exposure：0.001 sec (1/2000)
Aperture：f/2.8
Focal Length：105 mm
ISO Speed：100
April 18, 2007
Tested by Yueh-Hua
The Chicago River is a system of rivers and canals with a combined length of 156 miles (251 km) that runs through the city of Chicago, including its center (the Chicago Loop). Though not especially long, the river is notable for being a reason why Chicago became an important location, with the related Chicago Portage being a link between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi Valley waterways and eventually the Gulf of Mexico.
The River is also noteworthy for its natural and man-made history. In 1887, the Illinois General Assembly, partly in response to concerns arising out of an extreme weather event in 1885 that threatened the city's water supply, decided to reverse the flow of the Chicago River through civil engineering by taking water from Lake Michigan and discharging it into the Mississippi River watershed. In 1889, the Illinois General Assembly created the Chicago Sanitary District (now The Metropolitan Water Reclamation District) to replace the Illinois-Michigan Canal, which had become inadequate to carry the city's increasing sewage and commercial navigation needs, with the Chicago Sanitary and Ship Canal, a much larger waterway. The District completed this man-made hydrologic connection between the Great Lakes and Mississippi watershed in 1900 by reversing the flow of the Main Stem and South Branch of the river using a series of canal locks, and increasing the river's flow from Lake Michigan, causing it to empty into the new Canal. In 1999, this system was named a 'Civil Engineering Monument of the Millennium' by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE). The river is also noted for the local custom of dyeing it green on St. Patrick's Day.
The river is memorialized, in part, by two horizontal blue stripes on the Municipal Flag of Chicago. The river also serves as inspiration for one of Chicago's ubiquitous symbols: a three-branched, Y-shaped symbol (called the municipal device) is found on many buildings and other structures throughout Chicago; it represents the three branches of the Chicago River.
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago_river
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...
Practising how to get arrested without resisting and hence avoid provoking police violence, Occupy Toronto © Linda Dawn Hammond / IndyFoto.com 2011, protest camp, Canada, November 15, 2011.
Day of visit by renowned folk singer Gordon Lightfoot, whose 17 year old daughter Meredith is among the protesters. He spoke at length with the media in support of the cause. Later, he greeted my sister, who lives nearby in a group home, and shook her hand. After I saw him, I couldn't get the song, 'In the Early morning Rain' out of my mind. My late father had bought me my first album - by Gordon Lightfoot- when I was a bit younger than his Meredith, and that song was on it. It was a day of fathers and daughters, and memories...
I hear too often people saying that the protesters have made their point and now "should get a job', as if that's an easy thing to achieve. Not to mention that when you can find them, most jobs these days are underpaid, part-time positions with no future, benefits or stability. Many of those protesting are either undereducated or overqualified- and all in the same sinking boat, with the exception of crippling debts attached to the latter group. At the camp is a mix of politically motivated people who have chosen to be there, and others who evidently have no where else to go, but have found at the Occupy Camp a renewed sense of purpose, camaraderie and security- food and a safe place to sleep. They stand to lose the most when this is finally over.
People were asked to come by at 11pm that night to show solidarity as the protest had received an eviction notice and the police were expected to break up the camp. Fortunately there was an injunction and the eviction is now expected to take place at a later date- possibly on Saturday.
Most people at the camp reacted positively to the journalists taking photographs. An exception was Lightfoot's daughter, whom it appears didn't want to be identified as such, and another woman from Quebec, who was initially angry that I had been invited by a protester to photograph inside one of the tents, until she understood that I am a freelance photographer and don't work for any particular mainstream newspaper. Though at times I wish I did, as perhaps then I wouldn't be in this dismal, insecure financial situation, something which appears to be a shared concern with many of the protesters.
I just can't win. As i was leaving, I was berated once again for the act of taking photos of Occupy Toronto, but this time by a man waiting at the streetcar stop. He saw my Stop Ford button and my camera. On his way home from "working 7 days a week", he complained to me about his taxes, crowed about the ' warm, 5 bedroom house in High Park" awaiting him which his "hard-earned money had provided" (as he cast a dismissive eye towards the tent city behind him), showed me the callous hands of "a real worker" . He didn't believe that the police would consider using tear gas and tried to suggest it hadn't happened in Quebec City during the Summit protests, which I can verify as I was there. 5,000 canisters- I told him to look it up. His idiotic response was to ask if I work for Pravda (the Russian Communist party run newspaper, defunct since 1991 and now a tabloid)... hmmm... I wasn't actually aware that there was still a Cold War going on in 2011 Canada, but then again, neither is Toronto's Mayor Ford and company, who have been known to refer to some of "his" constituents as left wing, cycling Pinkos... (the people who didn't vote for him) , all of which explains the sprinkling of anti-Ford messages at the Occupy Toronto site. Here I was thinking only the suburbs had voted Ford in- but he has at least 1 supporter in High Park, who surprisingly takes public transit.
Watch Iru Vizhigal (2009) Tamil Full Length Movie Online | Vasanth, Ammu, Veeran | Latest Tamil Movies Iru Vizhigal tamil full movie starring Vasanth, Ammu, Veeran, Naveen Lal, Salem Sathyan, Ravi, Mohanraj, Chinraj, Meesai Pandi, Jerome, Ranjit, Vaasin, Suresh, Antony, Sekar, Paappathi, Yogalakshmi, Parveen and others. Directed by T K Madhav. Produced by Sri Thangamman Productions. Music by R D Mohan Singh. Hi Thaliva TV Viewers, a entertainment channel you can watch latest Tamil Movies, latest Tamil songs, latest Official trailers, and all genre like funny & comedy scenes, romantic scenes, love scenes, action scenes And More. For more Updates Subscribe to us: goo.gl/JXT9cg
1: slight threadlike radiating striae.
2: fine concentric growth lines emphasised by algal growth.
Full SPECIES DESCRIPTION at: flic.kr/p/tg3YWR
KEY ID FEATURES BELOW
Sets of OTHER SPECIES at:
www.flickr.com/photos/56388191@N08/collections/
Similar species
Testudinalia testudinalis (O. F. Müller, 1776)
1) Maximum length usually 20 mm, occasionally 25 mm 31Tv flic.kr/p/2jcH6iR .
2) Shell exterior matt-whitish with radiating dark brown rays that often bifurcate and reunite across the shell 30Tv flic.kr/p/2jcH6nd .
3) Shell interior porcelaneous-white with brown-banded peripheral border, and dark brown viscera patch, usually with pale vertex patch 33Tv flic.kr/p/2jcH6eh .
4) Fine concentric growth lines and radiating striae 32Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoS6 .
5) Mantle skirt green in pallial groove, no red bands or large white glands on mantle periphery. Ctenidium, no pallial gills 34Tv flic.kr/p/2jcJrNh .
6) Large pallial tentacles protrude beyond shell perimeter when active 34Tv flic.kr/p/2jcJrNh .
7) North U.K, to Anglesey and N. Yorkshire. Many absence records, misleadingly, mapped further south on NBN with same symbol as for presence. On encrusted rock, not on seaweeds. records.nbnatlas.org/occurrences/search?q=lsid:NHMSYS0021...
8) Apex c. 25% to 40% of length from anterior 32Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoS6 .
Patella pellucida Linnaeus, 1758 [early stage length 2 to 7mm]
1) Maximum length of development stage 7 mm.
2) Shell exterior translucent pale horn to light brown with blue/green hyphens in longitudinal rows 36Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoK7 . not in links of a chain pattern like that on some young T. virginea 3Tv flic.kr/p/tg3WuB .
3) Shell interior pale horn to light brown with black, colloidal particles under parts of the blue/green hyphens.
4) Smooth fragile shell 36Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoK7 .
5) Mantle-skirt translucent whitish. Pallial gills, no ctenidium in nuchal cavity. No inwardly oriented, large, white repugnatorial glands or reddish bands on mantle periphery 35Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoKC
6) pallial tentacles protrude from aperture rim, but unobtrusive as translucent and almost invisible 35Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoKC .
7) All round Britain except Liverpool Bay and parts of SE England. On Laminaria, not rock, when > 2mm long.
8) Apex lost from anterior rim of aperture 36Tv flic.kr/p/2jcEoK7 .
Williamia gussoni (Costa O. G., 1829) 37Tv flic.kr/p/2jcJrJQ
1) Usual shell length c. 6 mm. Maximum L. c. 8 mm, W. 6 mm and H. 3 mm (Ruthensteiner, 2006); L. 8.8 mm (P. Ugarković, 2020 pers. comm.)
2) Exterior of shell is shiny, bright red-brown with c. 18 pale radiating rays that are sometimes obscured or faded when dead. Periostracum extends well beyond rim of shell.
3) Shell interior as exterior, but paler.
4) Thin, smooth shell with convex anterior and posterior slopes.
5) Mantle is translucent, red-brown with radiating, opaque white rays which correlate with pale rays of shell. No inwardly oriented, large, white repugnatorial glands. In Siphonariidae; respires with c. 17 lamellae concealed in mantle cavity; no pallial gills or protruding ctenidium plume.
6) No pallial tentacles. Cephalic tentacular lobes separated from large flat head by small cleft. Large flap-like anal lobe protrudes from mantle cavity on right. Dorsal surface of head and foot are red-brown; ventrally yellowish white
7) Common at Low Water to more than 50 m (J. Prkić, 2020, pers. comm.) in Adriatic, Mediterranean and adjacent Atlantic; not N.W. Europe (Ruthensteiner, 2006).
8) Apex has distinct semi-spiral protoconch positioned off-centre posteriorly, sometimes overhanging beyond the posterior of the aperture.
The Thing from Another World 1951
Watch the skies, everywhere! Keep looking. Keep watching the skies!
—Ned “Scotty” Scott
www.popscreen.com/v/7aMWr/The-Thing-from-Another-World Full Feature
www.youtube.com/v/T5xcVxkTZzM Trailer
This is one of the major classics of 50s sci fi movies. Released in April of 1951, it was the first full-length film to feature a flying saucer from outer space, which carried a hostile alien. The budget and the effects are typical B-grade stuff, but the acting and pacing are well above the usual B levels. Kenneth Toby and Margaret Sheriden star. James Arness (more known for his westerns) plays The Thing.
Howard Hawks' early foray into the science fiction genre took advantage of the anti-communist feelings of the time to help enhance the horror elements of the story. McCarthyism and the Korean War added fuel to the notion of Americans stalked by a force which was single of mind and "devoid of morality." But in the end, it is American soldiers and scientists who triumph over the evil force - or the monster in the case of this film. Even today, this is considered one of the best of the genre.
Film review by Jeff Flugel. June 2013
There's not a lot new or particularly insightful I can offer when it comes to discussing the seminal sci-fi flick, The Thing from Another World that hasn't been written about ad naseum elsewhere. One of the most famous and influential of all 1950s creature features, it kicked off more than a decade of alien invasion and bug-eyed monster movie mayhem, inspired a host of future filmmakers (one of whom, John Carpenter, would go on to direct his own version of the story in 1982), and remains one of the best-written and engaging films of its kind.
Loosely (and I do mean loosely) adapted from John W. Campbell's novella, "Who Goes There?," The Thing is legendary director Howard Hawks' lone foray into the science fiction/ horror genres, but it fits comfortably into his filmography, featuring as it does Hawks' favorite themes: a group of tough professionals doing their job with ease, good-humored banter and practiced finesse; a bit of romance with a gutsy dame who can easily hold her own with the boys; and lots of overlapping, razor-sharp dialogue. Featuring a script by Charles Lederer and an uncredited Ben Hecht, The Thing is easily the most spryly written and funniest of all 50s monster movies. In fact, it's this sharpness in the scripting, and the extremely likeable ensemble cast of characters, rather than the now-familiar story and somewhat unimaginative monster design, that makes the film still feel fresh and modern to this day.
There's likely few people out there reading this who don't know the story of The Thing like the back of their hand, but here goes...When an unidentified aircraft crashes close to a remote research station near the North Pole, Captain Pat Hendry (Kenneth Tobey, in the role of his career) and his squad are dispatched there to investigate. Dr. Carrington (Robert Cornthwaite) heads the scientific contingent there, and he informs Hendry that he thinks the downed craft is possibly "not of this earth." A joint team of soldiers and scientists head out to the crash site and find an actual, honest-to-goodness flying saucer lying buried under the ice.
The spaceship is destroyed while the men try to melt the ice around it with thermite bombs, but they find a lone, 8-foot-tall extraterrestrial occupant frozen nearby and bring the body back to the outpost in a block of ice. Dr. Carrington and his crew of eggheads want to study the thing, but Hendry is adamant that it should be kept as is until he gets word from his superior in Anchorage, General Fogerty. It wouldn't be a monster movie without something going pear-shaped, of course, and before you know it, a careless mistake results in the creature being thawed out of his iceberg coffin and going on a bit of a rampage, taking out a number of sled dogs and a few unsuspecting scientists along the way. The rest of the film details the tense battle between the surviving humans and the coldly intelligent, remorseless alien invader, which seems virtually unkillable, impregnable to cold, bullets and fire...
The set-up for the film, and how everything eventually plays out, might seem overly familiarly nowadays, but in 1951, this was cutting-edge stuff, at least in cinemas. The Thing plays as a veritable blueprint of how to make a compelling "alien monster-on-the-loose" movie. Howard Hawks not being particularly well-versed, or even interested in, science fiction per se likely worked to its benefit, as he ended up making, as he so often did in his other films, what is first-and-foremost a well-oiled entertainment, rather than simply a genre exercise.
Typical of a Hawks film, The Thing is meticulously designed, composed and shot, but in such a way as to appear offhand. Hawks almost never went in for showy camera angles or flashy effects. His technique was nearly invisible; he just got on with telling the story, in the most straightforward, unfussy way. But this easy, seemingly effortless style was very carefully considered, by a shrewd and knowing mind. As Bill Warren, author of one of the best (and certainly most encyclopedic) books about 1950s sci-fi filmmaking, Keep Watching the Skies, notes in his detailed analysis of the film:
As most good movies do, The Thing works in two areas: sight and sound. The locale is a cramped, tunnel-like base; the men are confined within, the Thing can move freely outdoors in the cold. Compositions are often crowded, with more people in the shot than seems comfortable, reinforcing the idea of confinement After the Thing escapes, only the alien itself is seen standing and moving alone.
This feeling of a cold, hostile environment outside the base is constantly reinforced throughout the film, and a real tension mounts when, towards the climax, the highly intelligent Thing, itself immune to the subzero arctic conditions, turns off the compound's heating, knowing the humans inside will quickly die without it. (The freaky, otherworldly theremin-flavored music by Dimitri Tiomkin adds a lot to the eerie atmosphere here.)
As groundbreaking and well-structured as the plot of The Thing was (and is), what makes the film play so well today is the great script and the interaction of a bunch of seasoned character actors, who toss off both exposition and pithy bon mots in such a low-key, believable manner. This is a truly ensemble movie, and the fact that it doesn't feature any big name stars really adds to the overall effect; no one really hogs all the limelight or gets the lion's share of good lines. Hawks was a director who usually worked with the biggest names in the business, but, much as in the earlier Air Force, he was equally at home working with a cast of rock-solid character actors.
All this talk of Howard Hawks as director, when it's actually Christian Nyby who is credited with the job, has long been a source of speculation with fans of the film. Todd McCarthy, in his bio Howard Hawks: The Grey Fox of Hollywood, seems to clear the issue up once and for all (though really, after viewing enough Hawks films, the results speak for themselves):
The perennial question surrounding The Thing From Another World has always been, Who actually directed it, Christian Nyby or Howard Hawks? The sum of participants' responses make the answer quite clear. Putting it most bluntly, (associate producer) Ed Lasker said "Chris Nyby didn't direct a thing. One day Howard was late and Chris said,'Why don't we get started? I know what the shot should be.' And I said, 'No, Chris, I think we'll wait until Howard gets here." Ken Tobey testified, "Chris Nyby directed one scene. Howard Hawks was there, but he let Chris direct one scene. We all rushed into a room, eight or ten of us, and we practically knocked each other over. No one knew what to do." Dewey Martin, Robert Cornthwaite and Richard Keinen all agreed that Hawks was the director, and Bill Self said, "Chris Nyby was a very nice, decent fellow, but he wasn't Howard Hawks."
Nyby had been Hawks' editor on a number of films, and Hawks apparently decided to help his collaborator establish a name for himself by allowing him directorial credit on the film. This seemingly altruistic gesture didn't mean that Hawks wasn't involved in virtually every aspect of the making of the film, however, and ultimately, The Thing did little for Nyby's directing career, at least on the big screen (he did go on to a long and busy career directing for numerous television programs, however.)
Bill Self was told at the time that Hawks didn't take directing credit on The Thing because it was planned as a low-budget film, one in which RKO didn't have much confidence. But, as critics have been saying ever since it was released, The Thing is a Howard Hawks film in everything but name. The opening scene of various members of the team bantering is so distilled as to be a virtual parody of Hawksian overlapping dialogue. Even more than Only Angels Have Wings, the picture presents a pristine example of a group operating resourcefully in a hermetically sealed environment in which everything in the outside world represents a grave threat. (3)
In addition to all the masculine camaraderie and spooky goings-on, one of the best aspects of The Thing is the fun, charming little tease of a romance between Capt. Hendry and Nikki (top-billed Margaret Sheridan). Nikki works as Prof. Carrington's assistant and is not merely the requisite "babe" in the film. True to the Hawksian norm, she's no pushover when it comes to trading insults with the men, nor a shrinking violet when up to her neck in perilous situations. Unlike most actresses in 50s monster movies, she doesn't utter a single scream in The Thing
and in fact, it's her practical suggestion which gives Bob, Hendry's ever-resourceful crew chief (Dewey Martin), the notion of how to finally kill the monster. Lederer and Hecht's screenplay hints at the backstory to Nikki and Pat's relationship in humorous and oblique ways, and their flirtation amidst all the chaos adds sparkle to the film but never gets in the way of the pace of the story. One nice little throwaway exchange near the finale encapsulates their verbal give-and-take, as Nikki playfully pokes the temporarily-befuddled Hendry, as his men scurry about, setting Bob's plan in motion.
Nikki: Looks as if the situation's well in hand.
Hendry: I've given all the orders I'm gonna give.
Nikki: If I thought that were true, I'd ask you to marry me.
Sheridan, a former model signed to a 5-year contract by Hawks, is quite good here, but after The Thing her career never really caught fire and she retired from acting a few years later. The closest thing to a star turn in the film is Kenneth Tobey as Capt. Hendry. Tobey racked up an impressive number of credits throughout his nearly 50-year-long career, generally as gruff, competent military men or similar types, and he was always good value, though it's as Capt. Hendry in The Thing that he truly shines. He consistently humanizes the no-nonsense, take charge man of action Hendry by displaying an easygoing approach to command. Most of Hendry's men call him by his first name, and delight in ribbing him about his budding romance with Nikki, and he responds to all this joshing in kind. When things get hairy, Tobey's Hendry doesn't have to bark his orders; it's clear that, despite the friendly banter, his men hold him in high esteem and leap to do his bidding at a moment's notice.
Many of the other members of the cast, while none of them ever became household names, will likely be recognizable from countless other roles in both film and television. Hawks gave Dewey Martin co-star billing in The Big Sky a few years later. Robert Cornthwaite kept busy for decades on stage and television, as well as in supporting roles in films such as Monkey Business, Kiss Me Deadly and Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? John Dierkes (Dr. Chapman) and Douglas Spencer (Scotty) both had juicy roles in the western classic Shane, as well as many other movies too numerous to name. Sharp-eyed viewers will also recognize Eduard Franz, Paul Frees (he of the famous voice) and Groucho Marx's right-hand man on You Bet Your Life, George Fenneman, in pivotal roles. And of course we mustn't forget 6' 7" James Arness (years before becoming renowned as Marshall Matt Dillon on Gunsmoke) as the hulking Thing.
A quick note on the "remake": John Carpenter's The Thing (1982), a bleak, grisly and brilliant take on the story, was a box-office dud when first released, but has since attained well-deserved status as a modern classic. While most fans seem divided into two camps - those who love the more restrained, old-fashioned thrills of the original, and those who prefer the more visceral, paranoiac Carpenter version - I happen to treasure both films equally and revisit each of them often. The Carpenter version is by far the gutsier, unsettling one, emphasizing as it does the "trust no one," shape-shifting "the alien is one of us" scenario imagined by John W. Campbell, but the Hawks' film is the most fun, with a far more likeable array of characters, working together to defeat an implacable menace. Each has its own clear merits. I wouldn't want to do without either film, and frankly see no need to choose one over the other.
"Every one of you listening to my voice...tell the world. Tell this to everybody, wherever they are: Watch the skies. Everywhere. Keep looking. Keep watching the skies.”
Acting Credits
Margaret Sheridan - Nikki Nicholson
Kenneth Tobey - Captain Patrick Hendrey
Robert Cornthwaite - Professor Carrington
Dewey Martin - Crew Chief
Douglas Spencer - Ned "Scotty" Scott
Eduard Franz - Dr Stern
Robert Nichols - Lieutenant Ken Erickson
William Self - Colonel Barnes
Sally Creighton - Mrs Chapman
John Dierkes - Dr. Chapman
James R. Young - Lieutenant Eddie Dykes
Norbert Schiller - Dr. Laurenz
William Neff - Olson
Allan Ray - Officer
Lee Tung Foo - Cook
Edmund Breon - Dr. Ambrose
George Fenneman - Dr. Redding
Tom Steele - Stuntman
James Arness - The Thing
Billy Curtis - The Thing While Shrinking