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www.youtube.com/channel/UCkNYo1uLNy67xCfeyc1h-ZQ?sub_conf... The purpose of creating and assigning 5G networks
Previous generation mobile communication networks had the following purposes and functionality:
1G: Analog Voice Service
2G: Voice over digital network services, low speed data services (GPRS, EDGE)
3G: High-speed data services (HSPA), with the ability to transmit voice over IP, mobile Internet access MBB (Mobile Broadband).
4G: LTE, LTE-A Mobile Broadband MBB, Voice over Voice (VoLTE)
5G networks greatly expand the limited functionality of previous generation mobile networks. The main functional features of 5G networks are as follows:
EMBB Advanced Mobile Broadband (enhanced MBB)
Ultra-Low Latency Reliable Communication (ULLRC) Massive IoT / IIoT, mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication)
Based on these three generalized types of functionality, the whole variety of services and capabilities of IMT2020 (5G) networks is built, the most characteristic of which are shown in the figure below:
The variety of functional capabilities of IMT2020 / 5G networks. Source: Emerging Trends in 5G / IMT2020, 2016, ITU
Gigabytes per second. 5G networks can significantly increase the speed of data transmission through various radio access technologies (RAT), and by using the new 5G NR radio frequency spectra (New Radio). The user gets almost unlimited bandwidth, both for home use of various services, and for the purposes of enterprises (Immersive Telepresence, Industrial IoT, etc.)
Smart House. A wide range of different Internet of Things (IoT) services will be available for the Smart Home and Smart Building solutions: video surveillance, control and automation of household appliances, security systems management, content storage, climate control, etc.
Smart city. The Smart City solution is a horizontal and vertical scaling of the functionality and range of Smart Home services. Main services of Smart City: Safe City, e-Government e-Government, e-Health e-Health, e-Education e-Education, e-Banking e-banking, Smart Meters utilities electronic collection, Smart Grid smart grids, etc. .
New 4K / 8K video services: Volumetric video, ultra-high definition (UHD) screen, presence effect option.
Work in the cloud. The service makes it possible not only to store data in a cloud storage and retrieve it from there, but also to use application programs that work directly from the cloud. Moreover, with the possibility of them but also use applications that work directly from the cloud. Moreover, with the possibility of them
use on any device and from any location. In addition, it is possible to use APIs through which cloud service providers can provide their services to subscribers of a 5G network operator.
Augmented and virtual reality (AR / VR). The virtual reality service VR (Virtual Reality) immerses a person in another world, influencing his senses, especially his vision (VR glasses). Augmented Reality AR (Augmented Reality) service combines a real environment for a user with virtual objects. These services are suitable not only for entertainment, games, virtual communication in the "telepresence" mode, but can also significantly improve the learning process, when students using VR glasses can, for example, visually see the internal structure of a person at a lecture on anatomy, a master in the workshop can study the assembly order of a complex unit, etc.
Industrial Automation. The 5G network, coupled with the technology of the Internet of things IoT, with the help of industrial sensors IIoT (Industrial Internet of things), as well as with the help of artificial intelligence, AI (AI, Artificial Intelligence) can significantly increase the degree of automation of production. At the same time, it becomes possible in real time to analyze large volumes of heterogeneous data (Big Data) both based on the findings (insights) and using machine and deep learning (Machine learning, Deep learning).
Business Critical Applications These applications may include, for example, electronic medicine (e-Health), emergency communications (Mission Critical Communication), tactile Internet (Tactile Internet) and others.
Unmanned vehicles (Driverless Vehicles). Unmanned transport can act as part of the Smart City service, however, it can be provided on its own platform. It includes not only unmanned vehicles (driverless cars), but also unmanned tractors for “smart agriculture” (Smart Agriculture), unmanned trains for the metro and suburban railways, drones and other types of public and special transport. In addition, on the 5G platform, the implementation of ADAS (Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems) driver assistance systems is possible.
It should be emphasized that the figure above shows only some of the services and solutions of the 5G platform. Unlike the networks of previous generations, the range of services of which was strictly limited and somewhat expanded in 4G, the services of the 5G platform are synergistic and scalable, and are not limited to once defined functionality. In fact, 5G plays the role of a platform for the development of new services and DevOps applications, when new functions are created by developers (Development) in close coordination with the teams who are responsible for their implementation and operation (Operation).
In general, we can say that the 5G network incorporates not only mobile, but also fixed communication services, as well as high-speed Internet access with low latency and, in addition, specialized and corporate networks for vertical industries.
5G / IMT2020 platform versatility
Due to the fifth generation networks, it will also be possible to improve the quality of the use of existing services where large volumes of traffic are involved.
Theodore Sizer, vice president of wireless technology at Bell Labs, noted that there will be a wide variety of devices running on 5G networks. Smartphones and tablets will not go anywhere, but besides them, a whole “zoo” of various devices will appear on the network, including CCTV cameras, weather sensors, sensors of “smart” electric networks, “smart” houses and cars.
Ericsson said that 5G will usher in the long-term development of the Networked Society:
South Korean operator SK Telecom, one of the first companies to demonstrate 5G technology in action, at the initial stage of deployment of new generation networks focuses on ordinary users as the main consumers of services, company representatives told TAdviser in February 2016. Thanks to 5G, users can watch 3D-TV without glasses, download in seconds or watch UltraHD video online at high speed.
It will also be possible to use virtual and augmented reality applications at a new level, according to SK Telecom. For example, include elements of augmented reality in the educational process, creating virtual museums and models of the universe in the classrooms.
In the projects of “smart cities” 5G will allow real-time transmission of information from a much larger number of sensors at various objects. Qualcomm's senior director of product management for mobile technology, Sanjeev Athalye, notes that it will be possible to deploy a thousand sensors instead of a hundred, for servicing which there will be a sufficiently smaller number of base stations than with existing networks. These can be, for example, sensors for monitoring the state of housing and communal services objects, sensors for “smart lighting” or sound sensors installed for safety and order in the city. In the latter case, the sensors can detect suspicious or too loud sounds, and this information will be automatically transmitted to law enforcement.
New services using 5G can also be implemented in medicine. For example, to organize remote monitoring of patients. The doctor will be able to quickly receive information from special sensors and monitor the condition of patients around the clock.
Thanks to its very low latency, 5G will also open up more possibilities for remote operations using the robot. Such a service is especially relevant for small settlements where there are no surgeons in the field: controlling the manipulations of the robot, the operation can be performed by a specialist located in a completely different place. Due to 5G, such a service can be deployed in wireless networks.
The low data latency that next-generation networks can provide is also important for the deployment of smart power networks. Using sensors will allow you to instantly detect damage on the power line and block the spread of the consequences of damage further along the line. Thus, damage will affect fewer consumers of electricity.
In large manufacturing companies, in retail, logistics, 5G will make it possible to use more industrial robots that perform various functions instead of people and drones. The latter are already used in some industries, but are most often managed using Wi-Fi networks. 5G will allow you to cover a greater distance than Wi-Fi networks, and due to the low latency - increase the stability of such systems. For example, Amazon has a project to deploy a system for delivering goods using drones.
An example of services for which 5G will have an advantage is urban surveillance systems. 5G will help simplify their deployment and use. Now traffic from thousands of cameras in cities is mainly transmitted via fixed networks. To deploy such an infrastructure is not an easy task, since it is necessary to lay many wires. With 5G, you can receive terabytes of high-quality video
permissions without the use of wires.
Another example is a vehicle monitoring service in companies. Qualcomm’s Sanjeev Atali believes that with the advent of a new generation of networks, operators who provide such a service will be able to reduce its cost. This will be possible due to the fact that the cost of one 5G base station will be lower than the cost of stations for existing networks, and also due to the fact that one base station can simultaneously serve more devices, respectively, less base stations will be required for the service.
Corria el 1930 i Lady Anne Marie Yule, una rica heretera anglesa, va manar construir un vaixell que tingués les màximes comoditats i que li permetés «recórrer cada part del món que ella desitgés», segons relaten els constructors del iot.
El Nahlin va convertir-se en una de les embarcacions més luxoses del moment i amb ell l'aristòcrata va fer nombroses travessies i fins i tot una volta al món. Un cop Lady Yule ja havia vist «cada racó del món que volia conèixer» va decidir posar el iot en lloguer perquè aquells que ho desitgessin, i s'ho poguessin permetre, gaudissin de creuers de luxe.
El rei Eduard VIII, tiet de l'actual reina Isabel II, va llogar el iot per fer un creuer pel Mediterrani a l'estiu de 1936. El monarca acaba de pujar al tron i ho feia en una Europa convulsa que es preparava per a l'adveniment de la Segona Guerra Mundial. Eduard, però, tenia el cap en altres qüestions, més relacionades amb l'oci que amb les seves obligacions com a cap d'Estat. I tant és així que poc va rumiar-se els convidats que estaven a bord de Nahlin.
La més coneguda va ser, sens dubte, la nord-americana Wallis Simpson, amb qui el rei mantenia un 'affair' i que més tard va acabar essent la seva dona. Aleshores, Simpson encara estava casada amb el seu marit. Per les convencions socials de l'època, la relació va convertir-se en tot un escàndol, i més, tenint en compte que els dos enamorats no van amagar-se de res i van ser fotografiats a dalt del vaixell per la premsa.
Les instantànies van omplir les portades dels diaris del moment i es va obrir una crisi en el si de la institució monàrquica, que va acabar amb l'abdicació d'Eduard a favor del seu germà George. Segurament aquest episodi, li és familiar a molta gent i és que és el teló de fons de l'oscaritzat fil 'El discurs del rei'. Aquells que recordin bé la trama de la pel·lícula, els hi vindrà al cap que Eduard també va ser acusat de mantenir contactes amb líders del partit nazi, cosa que encara va agreujar més la crisi institucional en la qual estaven immersos. Aquestes trobades també es van fer a bord de Nahlin, aprofitant que el port de sortida del creuer era a Venècia, que en aquell moment ja estava governada per Mussolini.
L'enrenou mediàtic que va girar al voltant de Nahlin va cridar l'atenció del rei Carol II de Romania, que va adquirir el iot un any després.
Amb l'inici de la Segona Guerra Mundial, aquest monarca va ser destronat i el iot va quedar abandonat al Danubi durant tot el conflicte. Després, amb canvi de nom —va passar a dir-se Libertatea— i de propietat —va recaure en el Ministeri de Cultura romanès—, va ser un museu i un hotel-restaurant flotant.
El pas dels anys i la manca de manteniment van anar deteriorant cada cop més Nahlin, fins que va acabar en mans d'un ferroveller a finals dels anys 90. En el moment en què els mals auguris planaven sobre el iot, un broker britànic va assabentar-se que la famosa embarcació encara estava d'una peça, la va comprar i la va portar de nou a Regne Unit. Ja al seu país d'origen, va passar per tot un procés de restauració que va durar uns 10 anys, per adaptar el vaixell a la tecnologia moderna, però mantenint l'essència clàssica que havia fascinat a tothom des de la seva construcció.
Finalment, Nahlin va acabar a les mans d'un altre membre de l'aristocràcia britànica, Sir James Dyson, un emprenedor que ha fet un imperi gràcies a l'aplicació de la tecnologia de l'aire en diversos objectes, com per exemple les màquines per eixugar les mans. Dyson ha establert el port base de Nahlin a Glasgow, tot i així, des de 2010 cada any el iot passa una temporada a la marina Port Tarraco a Tarragona
De vaixell de guerra a iot de luxe.
Ningú diria que sota la pintura blanca del fabulós disseny de l'estudi Pierrejean Design s'amaga el casc d'un vaixell de guerra.
L’impressionant iot Yas es va construir l’any 2011,
Antigament, aquest vaixell era la fragata de guerra "Piet Heyn" de la Royal Navy holandesa, que fou construida en 1978.
La drassana d’Abu Dabi ADM va ser l’encarregada de transformar el vaixell amb iot de luxe, propietat del xeic Hamdan ben Zayed Al-Nahyan, de la dinastia regnant dels Emirats Àrabs.
Per a la superestructura del vaixell es va utilitzar la fibra de carboni i més de 500 peces de vidre. Té una eslora de 141 metres, una mànega de 15 m, un calat de 4,3 m, i disposa d’una tecnologia molt moderna i un innovador disseny que acull 60 convidats atesos per una tripulació de 56 persones.
El Yas pot arribar a assolir velocitats entre els 20 i 26 nusos.
Una clàssica estampa a contrallum d'un iot amb núvols als fons.
A classic stamp of a yachtt against the light with clouds to the fund
Una clásica estampa de un yate a contraluz con nubes al fondo
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The Internet of things (stylised Internet of Things or IoT) is the internetworking of physical devices, vehicles (also referred to as "connected devices" and "smart devices"), buildings and other items—embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity that enable these objects to collect and exchange data.
"Things," in the IoT sense, can refer to a wide variety of devices such as heart monitoring implants, biochip transponders on farm animals, electric clams in coastal waters,[16] automobiles with built-in sensors, DNA analysis devices for environmental/food/pathogen monitoring or field operation devices that assist firefighters in search and rescue operations.[18] Legal scholars suggest to look at "Things" as an "inextricable mixture of hardware, software, data and service". These devices collect useful data with the help of various existing technologies and then autonomously flow the data between other devices. Current market examples include home automation (also known as smart home devices) such as the control and automation of lighting, heating (like smart thermostat), ventilation, air conditioning (HVAC) systems, and appliances such as washer/dryers, robotic vacuums, air purifiers, ovens or refrigerators/freezers that use Wi-Fi for remote monitoring.