IDC photos on Flickr

Astronomers have used data from three of NASA's Great Observatories to make the most detailed study yet of an extremely massive young galaxy cluster. This rare cluster, which is located 10 billion light years from Earth, weighs as much as 500 trillion Suns. This object has important implications for understanding how these megastructures formed and evolved early in the Universe.

The galaxy cluster called IDCS J1426.5+3508 (IDCS 1426 for short), is so far away that the light detected is from when the universe was roughly a quarter of its current age. It is the most massive galaxy cluster detected at such an early age.

First discovered by the Spitzer Space Telescope in 2012, IDCS 1426 was observed using the Hubble Space Telescope and the Keck Observatory to determine its distance. Observations from the Combined Array for Millimeter Wave Astronomy indicated it was extremely massive. New data from the Chandra X-ray Observatory confirm the galaxy cluster mass and show that about 90% of the mass of the cluster is in the form of dark matter, a mysterious substance detected so far only through its gravitational pull on normal matter composed of atoms.

“We are really pushing the boundaries with this discovery,” said Mark Brodwin of the University of Missouri at Kansas City, who led the study. “As one of the earliest massive structures to form in the Universe, this cluster sets a high bar for theories that attempt to explain how clusters and galaxies evolve.”

Galaxy clusters are the largest objects in the Universe bound together by gravity. Because of their sheer size, scientists think it should take several billion years for them to form. The distance of IDCS J1426 means astronomers are observing it when the Universe was only 3.8 billion years old, implying that the cluster is seen at a very young age.

The data from Chandra reveal a bright knot of X-rays near the middle of the cluster, but not exactly at its center. This overdense core has been dislodged from the cluster center, possibly by a merger with another developing cluster 500 million years prior. Such a merger would cause the X-ray emitting, hot gas to slosh around like wine in a glass that is tipped from side to side.

“Mergers with other groups and clusters of galaxies should have been more common so early in the history of the Universe,” said co-author Michael McDonald of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. “That appears to have played an important part in this young cluster’s rapid formation.”

Aside from this cool core, the hot gas in the rest of the cluster is very smooth and symmetric. This is another indication that IDCS 1426 formed very rapidly. In addition, astronomers found possible evidence that the amount of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in the hot gas is unusually low. This suggests that this galaxy cluster might still be in the process of enriching its hot gas with these elements as supernovae create heavier elements and blast them out of individual galaxies.

“The presence of this massive galaxy cluster in the early Universe doesn’t upset our current understanding of cosmology,” said co-author of Anthony Gonzalez of University of Florida in Gainesville, Florida. “It does, however, give us more information to work with as we refine our models.”

Evidence for other massive galaxy clusters at early times has been found, but none of these matches IDCS 1426 with its combination of mass and youth. The mass determination used three independent methods: a measurement of the mass needed to confine the hot X-ray emitting gas to the cluster, the imprint of the cluster's gaseous mass on the cosmic microwave background radiation, and the observed distortions in the shapes of galaxies behind the cluster, which are caused by the bending of light from the galaxies by the gravity of the cluster.

These results were presented at the 227th meeting of the American Astronomical Society meeting being held in Kissimmee, Florida. A paper describing these results has been accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal and is available online. NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center in Huntsville, Alabama, manages the Chandra program for NASA's Science Mission Directorate in Washington. The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory in Cambridge, Massachusetts, controls Chandra's science and flight operations.

Read More from NASA's Chandra X-ray Observatory.

For more Chandra images, multimedia and related materials, visit:

www.nasa.gov/chandra

InSight - Sol 1136 - IDC by Kevin Gill

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Next step is to add masking over the scoop before stitching the mosaic...

NASA/JPL-Caltech/Kevin M. Gill

IDC_7694 by Ilian DeCorte

LUKE IDC by TRUE2DEATH

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Benched in Southern California

IDC_7992 by Ilian DeCorte

Galaxy cluster IDCS J1426 by Hubble ESA

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Astronomers have made the most detailed study yet of an extremely massive young galaxy cluster using three space telescopes. This multi-wavelength image shows this galaxy cluster, called IDCS J1426.5+3508 (IDCS 1426 for short), in X-rays from the NASA Chandra X-ray Observatory in blue, visible light from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope in green, and infrared light from the NASA Spitzer Space Telescope in red.

This rare galaxy cluster, which is located 10 billion light-years from Earth, weighs almost 500 trillion suns. This object has important implications for understanding how these megastructures formed and evolved early in the Universe. Astronomers have observed IDCS 1426 when the Universe was less than a third of its current age. It is the most massive galaxy cluster detected at such an early age.

More information: www.spacetelescope.org/images/opo1602a/

Credit:

NASA, ESA, and M. Brodwin (University of Missouri)

IDC CONTEST 2013 by Ross

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IDC-Sarah by Geoff_F

35 10

Model: Sarah @ Vivien's

Makeup and Hair: Vivianne Tran

Styling: ID Couture

gfphotography.com.au

Strobist info:

One light - 80x120 softbox - camera left, on boom arm.

Skyport triggered.

IDC PEARL by ssbn70

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IMO 9245249

Vessel Type - Generic: Cargo

Vessel Type - Detailed: Bulk Carrier

Status: Active

MMSI: 271001254

Call Sign: TCRT9

Flag: Turkey [TR]

Gross Tonnage: 30085

Summer DWT: 52344 t

Overall Length x Maximum Beam: 189.99 x 32.26 m

Year of construction: 2002

Home port: IZMIR

Valparaiso,Chile

Mr Hobbs Coffee girls IDC Cannonball 2016 by MSI Ireland

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The sensational Mr Hobbs Coffee girls set pulses racing on the IDC stand when they tried on their BayWatch swimsuits at this year’s Cannonball Irish Road Trip! The gorgeous models were in Dublin to promote the charity event.

This year’s event started at the 3 Arena in Dublin, Ireland on 09/09/2016. The route over the course of 3 days went from county Dublin > Westport, Westport > Limerick > Galway, Galway > Tullamore ending up in Wexford on Sunday 11th.

The Cannonball features each year over 150 of the world’s best cars like Ferrari, Lamborghini, Porsche, McLaren, Maserati, Aston Martin, Bentley, AMG etc. Cannonball Ireland over the past few years has raised over € 850,000 for Irish Children’s charities.

Shot with Nikon D-750 & Nikon D-800 camera bodies and zoom Nikkor’s 24-70mm f/2.8 IF-ED & 70-200 f/2.8 IF-ED VR2 lenses and Nikon SB-910 Speedlite/Godox power pack (on the 750).

Please note:

These images are not public domain and are protected by copyright law.

COPYRIGHT: The copyright and intellectual property rights of this image is owned by MSI (Ireland), and is protected by copyright laws of Ireland and international intellectual property right treaties. You may not copy any portion of the images in any form whatsoever. You may not alter the images in any way.

UNAUTHORISED USE: You may not use, copy, rent, lease, sell, claim ownership, publish to a website, blog or other such electronic hosting medium, modify, decompile, disassemble, otherwise reverse engineer, or transfer images in any form whatsoever whether electronically, mechanically or any other method. Any such unauthorized use shall result in immediate and automatic termination of this license and may result in civil and/or legal action against you/your company or representative.

If you are interested in the use of this digital photographic image, please contact us via e-mail at msiireland@yahoo.com or motorsportimagesireland@gmail.com

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Photography by JOB/MSI Ireland

IDC by Anything for thee Shot

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FUCK! REKS LUKE LORD BUG

Amaranta ~ Taken By ~ニラネギおよび猫の恋人~ ~ by ♥.:.xX.:.Anata.:.Xx.:.♥

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idc

Funeral, IDC by *burlie*

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I Don't Care,

The Quest

IDC, Reks, Cels, Elite by Adam Sanchez

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IDC Advanced Perspective Practive Page 8 by Flaf

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pencil drawing with water colour

left: Volvo P1800 ES

right: Borgward Isabella de luxe

"Memory" From Italian Doll Convention 2014. #IDC #Barbie by Zen

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Made with Repix (repix.it)

cels crerk elite idc by IDONTCARE!

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DSC00811_idc by John Elkins

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f2.8

This old lens can get quite creamy when left wide open. I could have probably stopped it down some to get better DOF, but I liked how it turned out. Looks kind of like a painting.

ShaK by Mokes with Folks

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IDC-38 by Carly Sabatino

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IDC_7661 by Ilian DeCorte