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1. autumn indoors, 2. Homeworks, 3. coffee bench, 4. livingroom3, 5. with my things, 6. Sitting room with felt, 7. Vintage cupboard, 8. my little green planet, 9. white & wood, 10. wood & wool pillow, 11. Is not a towel !, 12. kitchen, 13. Untitled, 14. Konstnärliga rum, 15. flickr.com/photos/8599848@N05/2570345937/, 16. Danish Style
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Allium is a genus of monocotyledonous flowering plants that includes the cultivated onion, garlic, scallion, shallot and leek as well as chives and hundreds of other wild species.
AE56 AGZ, is an Environment Agency, Mercedes-Benz Unimog U300, a versatile off-road vehicle, pictured parked up in Carlisle.
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 25cm LIDAR Composite Digital Surface Model (DSM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
The main environmental issues associated with the implementation of the 5G network come with the manufacturing of the many component parts of the 5G infrastructure. In addition, the proliferation of new devices that will use the 5G network that is tied to the acceleration of demand from consumers for new 5G-dependent devices will have serious environmental consequences. The 5G network will inevitably cause a large increase in energy usage among consumers, which is already one of the main contributors to climate change. Additionally, the manufacturing and maintenance of the new technologies associated with 5G creates waste and uses important resources that have detrimental consequences for the environment. 5G networks use technology that has harmful effects on birds, which in turn has cascading effects through entire ecosystems. And, while 5G developers are seeking to create a network that has fewer environmental impacts than past networks, there is still room for improvement and the consequences of 5G should be considered before it is widely rolled out. 5G stands for the fifth generation of wireless technology. It is the wave of wireless technology surpassing the 4G network that is used now. Previous generations brought the first cell phones (1G), text messaging (2G), online capabilities (3G), and faster speed (4G). The fifth generation aims to increase the speed of data movement, be more responsive, and allow for greater connectivity of devices simultaneously.[2] This means that 5G will allow for nearly instantaneous downloading of data that, with the current network, would take hours. For example, downloading a movie using 5G would take mere seconds. These new improvements will allow for self-driving cars, massive expansion of Internet of Things (IoT) device use, and acceleration of new technological advancements used in everyday activities by a much wider range of people. While 5G is not fully developed, it is expected to consist of at least five new technologies that allow it to perform much more complicated tasks at faster speeds. The new technologies 5G will use are hardware that works with much higher frequencies (millimeter wavelengths), small cells, massive MIMO (multiple input multiple output), beamforming, and full duplex.[3] Working together, these new technologies will expand the potential of many of the devices used today and devices being developed for the future. Millimeter waves are a higher frequency wavelength than the radio wavelength generally used in wireless transmission today.[4] The use of this portion of the spectrum corresponds to higher frequency and shorter wavelengths, in this case in the millimeter range (vs the lower radio frequencies where the wavelengths can be in the meters to hundreds of kilometers). Higher frequency waves allow for more devices to be connected to the same network at the same time, because there is more space available compared to the radio waves that are used today. The use of this portion of the spectrum has much longer wavelengths than of that anticipated for a portion of the 5G implementation. The waves in use now can measure up to tens of centimeters, while the new 5G waves would be no greater than ten millimeters.[5] The millimeter waves will create more transmission space for the ever-expanding number of people and devices crowding the current networks. The millimeter waves will create more space for devices to be used by consumers, which will increase energy usage, subsequently leading to increased global warming. Millimeter waves are very weak in their ability to connect two devices, which is why 5G needs something called “small cells” to give full, uninterrupted coverage. Small cells are essentially miniature cell towers that would be placed 250 meters apart throughout cities and other areas needing coverage.[6] The small cells are necessary as emissions [or signals] at this higher frequency/shorter wavelength have more difficulty passing through solid objects and are even easily intercepted by rain.[7] The small cells could be placed on anything from trees to street lights to the sides of businesses and homes to maximize connection and limit “dead zones” (areas where connections are lost). The next new piece of technology necessary for 5G is massive MIMO, which stands for multiple input multiple output. The MIMO describes the capacity of 5G’s base stations, because those base stations would be able to handle a much higher amount of data at any one moment of time. Currently, 4G base stations have around eight transmitters and four receivers which direct the flow of data between devices.[9] 5G will exceed this capacity with the use of massive MIMO that can handle 22 times more ports. Figure 1 shows how a massive MIMO tower would be able to direct a higher number of connections at once. However, massive MIMO causes signals to be crossed more easily. Crossed signals cause an interruption in the transmission of data from one device to the next due to a clashing of the wavelengths as they travel to their respective destinations. To overcome the cross signals problem, beamforming is needed. To maximize the efficiency of sending data another new technology called beamforming will be used in 5G. For data to be sent to the correct user, a way of directing the wavelengths without interference is necessary. This is done through a technique called beamforming. Beamforming directs where exactly data are being sent by using a variety of antennas to organize signals based on certain characteristics, such as the magnitude of the signal. By directly sending signals to where they need to go, beamforming decreases the chances that a signal is dropped due to the interference of a physical object.
One way that 5G will follow through on its promise of faster data transmission is through sending and receiving data simultaneously. The method that allows for simultaneous input and output of data is called full duplexing. While full duplex capabilities allow for faster transmission of data, there is an issue of signal interference, because of echoes. Full duplexing will cut transmission times in half, because it allows for a response to occur as soon as an input is delivered, eliminating the turnaround time that is seen in transmission today. Because these technologies are new and untested, it is hard to say how they will impact our environment. This raises another issue: there are impacts that can be anticipated and predicted, but there are also unanticipated impacts because much of the new technologies are untested. Nevertheless, it is possible to anticipate some of detrimental environmental consequences of the new technologies and the 5G network, because we know these technologies will increase exposure to harmful radiation, increase mining of rare minerals, increase waste, and increase energy usage. The main 5G environmental concerns have to do with two of the five new components: the millimeter waves and the small cells. The whole aim of the new 5G network is to allow for more devices to be used by the consumer at faster rates than ever before, because of this goal there will certainly be an increase in energy usage globally. Energy usage is one of the main contributors to climate change today and an increase in energy usage would cause climate change to increase drastically as well. 5G will operate on a higher frequency portion of the spectrum to open new space for more devices. The smaller size of the millimeter waves compared to radio frequency waves allows for more data to be shared more quickly and creates a wide bandwidth that can support much larger tasks.[15] While the idea of more space for devices to be used is great for consumers, this will lead to a spike in energy usage for two reasons – the technology itself is energy demanding and will increase demand for more electronic devices. The ability for more devices to be used on the same network creates more incentive for consumers to buy electronics and use them more often. This will have a harmful impact on the environment through increased energy use. Climate change has several underlying contributors; however, energy usage is gaining attention in its severity with regards to perpetuating climate change. Before 5G has even been released, about 2% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions can be attributed to the ICT industry.[16] While 2% may not seem like a very large portion, it translates to around 860 million tons of greenhouse gas emissions.[17] Greenhouse gas emissions are the main contributors to natural disasters, such as flooding and drought, which are increasing severity and occurrence every year. Currently, roughly 85% of the energy used in the United States can be attributed to fossil fuel consumption.[18] The dwindling availability of fossil fuels and the environmental burden of releasing these fossil fuels into our atmosphere signal an immediate need to shift to other energy sources. Without a shift to other forms of energy production and the addition of technology allowed by the implementation of 5G, the strain on our environment will rise and the damage may never be repaired. With an increase in energy usage through technology and the implementation of 5G, it can be expected that the climate change issues faced today will only increase. The overall contribution of carbon dioxide emissions from the ICT industry has a huge impact on climate change and will continue to have even larger impacts without proper actions. In a European Union report, researchers estimated that in order to keep the increase in global temperature below 2° Celsius a decrease in carbon emissions of around 15-30% is necessary by 2020. Engineers claim that the small cells used to provide the 5G connection will be energy efficient and powered in a sustainable way; however the maintenance and production of these cells is more of an issue. Supporters of the 5G network advocate that the small cells will use solar or wind energy to stay sustainable and green.[20] These devices, labeled “fuel-cell energy servers” will work as clean energy-based generators for the small cells.[21] While implementing base stations that use sustainable energy to function would be a step in the right direction in environmental conservation, it is not the solution to the main issue caused by 5G, which is the impact that the massive amount of new devices in the hands of consumers will have on the amount of energy required to power these devices. The wasteful nature of manufacturing and maintenance of both individual devices and the devices used to deliver 5G connection could become a major contributor of climate change. The promise of 5G technology is to expand the number of devices functioning might be the most troubling aspect of the new technology. Cell phones, computers, and other everyday devices are manufactured in a way that puts stress on the environment. A report by the EPA estimated that in 2010, 25% of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions comes from electricity and heat production making it the largest single source of emissions.[22] The main gas emitted by this sector is carbon dioxide, due to the burning of natural gas, such as coal, to fuel electricity sources.[23] Carbon dioxide is one of the most common greenhouse gases seen in our atmosphere, it traps heat in earth’s atmosphere trying to escape into space, which causes the atmosphere to warm generating climate change. Increased consumption of devices is taking a toll on the environment. As consumers gain access to more technologies the cycle of consumption only expands. As new devices are developed, the older devices are thrown out even if they are still functional. Often, big companies will purposefully change their products in ways that make certain partner devices (such as chargers or earphones) unusable–creating demand for new products. Economic incentives mean that companies will continue these practices in spite of the environmental impacts. One of the main issues with the 5G network and the resulting increase in consumption of technological devices is that the production required for these devices is not sustainable. In the case of making new devices, whether they be new smart-phones or the small cells needed for 5G, the use of nonrenewable metals is required. It is extremely difficult to use metals for manufacturing sustainably, because metals are not a renewable resource. Metals used in the manufacturing of the smart devices frequently used today often cannot be recycled in the same way many household items can be recycled. Because these technologies cannot be recycled, they create tons of waste when they are created and tons of waste when they are thrown away. There are around six billion mobile devices in use today, with this number expected to increase drastically as the global population increases and new devices enter the market. One estimate of the life-time carbon emissions of a single device–not including related accessories and network connection–is that a device produces a total of 45kg of carbon dioxide at a medium level of usage over three years. This amount of emission is comparable to that of driving the average European car for 300km. But, the most environmentally taxing stage of a mobile device life cycle is during the production stage, where around 68% of total carbon emissions is produced, equating to 30kg of carbon dioxide. To put this into perspective, an iPhone X weighs approximately 0.174kg, so in order to produce the actual device, 172 iPhone X’s worth of carbon dioxide is also created. These emissions vary from person to person and between different devices, but it’s possible to estimate the impact one device has on the environment. 5G grants the capacity for more devices to be used, significantly increase the existing carbon footprint of smart devices today. Energy usage for the ever-growing number of devices on the market and in homes is another environmental threat that would be greatly increased by the new capabilities brought by the 5G network. Often, energy forecasts overlook the amount of energy that will be consumed by new technologies, which leads to a skewed understanding of the actual amount of energy expected to be used.[30] One example of this is with IoT devices.[31] IoT is one of the main aspects of 5G people in the technology field are most excited about. 5G will allow for a larger expansion of IoT into the everyday household.[32] While some IoT devices promise lower energy usage abilities, the 50 billion new IoT devices expected to be produced and used by consumers will surpass the energy used by today’s electronics.
The small cells required for the 5G network to properly function causes another issue of waste with the new network. Because of the weak nature of the millimeter waves used in the 5G technology, small cells will need to be placed around 250 meters apart to insure continuous connection. The main issue with these small cells is that the manufacturing and maintenance of these cells will create a lot of waste. The manufacturing of technology takes a large toll on the environment, due to the consumption of non-renewable resources to produce devices, and technology ending up in landfills. Implementing these small cells into large cities where they must be placed at such a high density will have a drastic impact on technology waste. Technology is constantly changing and improving, which is one of the huge reasons it has such high economic value. But, when a technological advancement in small cells happens, the current small cells would have to be replaced. The short lifespan of devices created today makes waste predictable and inevitable. In New York City, where there would have to be at least 3,135,200 small cells, the waste created in just one city when a new advancement in small cells is implemented would have overwhelming consequences on the environment. 5G is just one of many examples of how important it is to look at the consequences of new advancements before their implementation. While it is exciting to see new technology that promises to improve everyday life, the consequences of additional waste and energy usage must be considered to preserve a sustainable environment in the future. There is some evidence that the new devices and technologies associated with 5G will be harmful to delicate ecosystems. The main component of the 5G network that will affect the earth’s ecosystems is the millimeter waves. The millimeter waves that are being used in developing the 5G network have never been used at such scale before. This makes it especially difficult to know how they will impact the environment and certain ecosystems. However, studies have found that there are some harms caused by these new technologies. The millimeter waves, specifically, have been linked to many disturbances in the ecosystems of birds. In a study by the Centre for Environment and Vocational Studies of Punjab University, researchers observed that after exposure to radiation from a cell tower for just 5-30 minutes, the eggs of sparrows were disfigured.[34] The disfiguration of birds exposed for such a short amount of time to these frequencies is significant considering that the new 5G network will have a much higher density of base stations (small cells) throughout areas needing connection. The potential dangers of having so many small cells all over areas where birds live could cause whole populations of birds to have mutations that threaten their population’s survival. Additionally, a study done in Spain showed breeding, nesting, and roosting was negatively affected by microwave radiation emitted by a cell tower. Again, the issue of the increase in the amount of connection conductors in the form of small cells to provide connection with the 5G network is seen to be harmful to species that live around humans. Additionally, Warnke found that cellular devices had a detrimental impact on bees.[36] In this study, beehives exposed for just ten minutes to 900MHz waves fell victim to colony collapse disorder.Colony collapse disorder is when many of the bees living in the hive abandon the hive leaving the queen, the eggs, and a few worker bees. The worker bees exposed to this radiation also had worsened navigational skills, causing them to stop returning to their original hive after about ten days. Bees are an incredibly important part of the earth’s ecosystem. Around one-third of the food produced today is dependent on bees for pollination, making bees are a vital part of the agricultural system. Bees not only provide pollination for the plant-based food we eat, but they are also important to maintaining the food livestock eats. Without bees, a vast majority of the food eaten today would be lost or at the very least highly limited. Climate change has already caused a large decline in the world’s bee population. The impact that the cell towers have on birds and bees is important to understand, because all ecosystems of the earth are interconnected. If one component of an ecosystem is disrupted the whole system will be affected. The disturbances of birds with the cell towers of today would only increase, because with 5G a larger number of small cell radio-tower-like devices would be necessary to ensure high quality connection for users. Having a larger number of high concentrations of these millimeter waves in the form of small cells would cause a wider exposure to bees and birds, and possibly other species that are equally important to our environment.As innovation continues, it is important that big mobile companies around the world consider the impact 5G will have on the environment before pushing to have it widely implemented. The companies pushing for the expansion of 5G may stand to make short term economic gains. While the new network will undoubtedly benefit consumers greatly, looking at 5G’s long-term environmental impacts is also very important so that the risks are clearly understood and articulated. The technology needed to power the new 5G network will inevitably change how mobile devices are used as well as their capabilities. This technological advancement will also change the way technology and the environment interact. The change from using radio waves to using millimeter waves and the new use of small cells in 5G will allow more devices to be used and manufactured, more energy to be used, and have detrimental consequences for important ecosystems. While it is unrealistic to call for 5G to not become the new network norm, companies, governments, and consumers should be proactive and understand the impact that this new technology will have on the environment. 5G developers should carry out Environmental Impact Assessments that fully estimate the impact that the new technology will have on the environment before rushing to widely implement it. Environmental Impact Assessments are intended to assess the impact new technologies have on the environment, while also maximizing potential benefits to the environment. This process mitigates, prevents, and identifies environmental harm, which is imperative to ensuring that the environment is sustainable and sound in the future. Additionally, the method of Life Cycle Assessments (LCA) of devices would also be extremely beneficial for understanding the impact that 5G will inevitably have on the environment. An LCA can be used to assess the impact that devices have on carbon emissions throughout their life span, from the manufacturing of the device to the energy required to power the device and ultimately the waste created when the device is discarded into a landfill or other disposal system. By having full awareness of the impact new technology will have on the environment ways to combat the negative impacts can be developed and implemented effectively.
jsis.washington.edu/news/what-will-5g-mean-for-the-enviro...
In recent years we sadly have been watching a significant loss of habitat in our neighbourhood as construction of commercial/industrial parks encroaches on some of the last substantial pieces of open fields left south of the highway. In winter you could typically see Snowy Owls and Northern Harriers making a living in these fields, but this past Winter I saw neither of these species as construction ate yet another chunk of the open spaces. In Spring & Summer this also serves as habitat for other birds such as Savannah Sparrows and various shorebirds. :-(
Red berry consumption causes death Convallaria majalis .All details of the flower toxic..Lily of the valley,
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lily_of_the_valley#/media/File:1_of...
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 1m LIDAR Composite Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 2m LIDAR Composite Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
Royal Marines of 43 Commando train in various environment to test their skills in protecting the UK's nuclear deterrent.
Royal Marines have completed two weeks of rigorous training in the skills needed to protect the UK’s nuclear deterrent.
The marines of 43 Commando Fleet Protection Group are held at very high-readiness year round, guarding the nuclear deterrent carried onboard the Vanguard-class submarines based at Faslane Naval Base in Scotland.
These expert warriors must be highly-skilled in fighting in a range of close-quarter combat environments and two weeks of exercises at training areas around the UK ensured they are razor sharp for duties.
The commandos battled in a range of complex environments and challenging scenarios that ensure they are ready to safeguard the nuclear deterrent whatever the situation.
Major Steve Lewis RM, Officer Commanding R-Squadron, said: “Exercise Driven Defender provided R-Squadron, 43 Commando, an opportunity to conduct challenging role training in a variety of complex and novel training environments across the UK following the cancellation of the original US based version of this exercise.
“Through a mixture of agile planning and innovative training design R-Squadron delivered realistic, high-end training whilst remaining aligned with the fluid national COVID control situation. The training activity comprising dismounted, vehicle mounted, and Helicopter Assault operations extensively tested the participating highly skilled, specialist commando forces.”
Under the cover of darkness, troops fought through a multi-storey building in pitch blackness taking down any threats hindering their mission.
Using every trick in their book, together with rapid, relentless and overwhelming force, the marines successfully overcame all hurdles the ‘enemy’ had for them.
Following this, the commandos moved to a former bunker in the South West where they carried out training missions hundreds of metres underground in a network of intersecting passages and railway tunnels.
The commandos were told that a ‘high-value asset’ had been taken deep into the bunker and employing a range of their combat skills, were tasked with defeating their adversary and liberating the asset, combining technology and agile thought to produce success.
The Faslane-based marines followed this up with close-quarter battle training at Wakefield Armed Police College, moving to the target area as a Helicopter Assault Force via CH47 Chinook before clearing through buildings testing their method of entry abilities to provide operational assurance in built-up environments.
Not resting on their laurels, the commandos moved onto their next scenario which saw an enemy preparing to fly out high-value assets.
Observation posts were positioned and a recce was carried out on RAF Woodvale, on Merseyside, determining enemy movements and positions, calculating the best way of taking down the threat without risking the safety of the assets.
The following day at first light and again deploying as a Helicopter Assault Force via Puma helicopters, the commandos struck, taking the runway and securing the base before their adversary could leave with the stolen assets.
Quick Reaction Forces were tasked with clearing aircraft hangars and taking down well-protected enemy positions throughout the training area.
The exercise reached its conclusion with troops conducting close-quarters battle training, using simulated and live ammunition in Fort Blockhouse in Gosport.
This realistic and confined activity concluded an excellent and varied mission specific training package, ultimately assuring the security of the UK’s nuclear deterrent.
“This exercise has revalidated the high levels of knowledge, skills and ability required of each marine within R-Squadron allowing them to take their place with confidence delivering in support of the unit nuclear security mission,” added Maj Lewis.
23 October 2020
Photos: Royal Navy MOD/Copyright 2020
there is so much being done for environment, though it is still one of the most important issues this days.
A lone vicuña traverses the vast, sun-kissed plains of the high desert, bathed in the warm glow of dawn or dusk. This serene moment captures the enduring spirit of wildlife in untouched natural landscapes.
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 2m LIDAR Composite Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
Quick-Look Hill-shaded Colour Relief Image of 2014 1m LIDAR Composite Digital Terrain Model (DTM).
Data supplied by Environment Agency under the Open Government License agreement. For details please go to: www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/v...
For full raster dataset go to: environment.data.gov.uk/ds/survey
Sands Point Preserve,
Port Washington North, Long Island
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The most likely colors to attract bees, according to scientists, are purple, violet and blue. Bees also have the ability to see color much faster than humans.
-- Mark Owens
Our school has special events/activities every Friday, and this Friday is "World Environment Day". So this is what our marketing team was able to set up at our school entrance. :)
How the environment impacts our health
A global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks
The main message emerging from this new comprehensive global assessment is that premature death and disease can be prevented through healthier environments – and to a significant degree.
* Press release: Quantifying environmental health impacts, WHO, 2016.
* Image source: quantifying_ehimpacts infographic.
* Download the "Preventing disease through healthy environments: a global assessment of the burden of disease from environmental risks" 2016 report, PDF 2.41Mb.
* Download the "Preventing disease through healthy environments: towards an estimate of the environmental burden of disease", 2006 report, PDF, 8.4Mb.
Italien / Lombardei - Lago di Como
Tremezzo
Lake Como (Italian: Lago di Como [ˈlaːɡo di ˈkɔːmo], locally [ˈkoːmo]; Western Lombard: Lagh de Còmm [ˈlɑː‿dːe ˈkɔm],[a] Cómm [ˈkom] or Cùmm [ˈkum]), also known as Lario (Italian: [ˈlaːrjo]; after the Latin: Larius Lacus), is a lake of glacial origin in Lombardy, Italy.
It has an area of 146 square kilometres (56 sq mi), making it the third-largest lake in Italy, after Lake Garda and Lake Maggiore. At over 400 metres (1,300 ft) deep, it is the fifth deepest lake in Europe and the deepest outside Norway; the bottom of the lake is 227 metres (745 ft) below sea level. One notable characteristic is its distinctive "Y" shape.
Lake Como has been a popular retreat for aristocrats and wealthy people since Roman times, and a very popular tourist attraction with many artistic and cultural gems. It has many villas and palaces such as Villa Olmo, Villa Serbelloni, and Villa Carlotta. Many famous people have owned homes on the shores of Lake Como, including George Clooney, Madonna, and Donatella Versace.
In 2014, The Huffington Post described it as the most beautiful lake in the world for its microclimate and environment with prestigious villas and villages.
Etymology
The lake's official name is Lario (derived from the Latin Larius), but it is rarely used informally, while it is still used in formal language; it is also found in the toponym of some villages along the lake such as Pognana Lario and Mandello del Lario; Italians usually call it Lago di Como.
Geography
The lake is shaped much like an inverted letter "Y". The northern branch begins at the town of Colico, while the towns of Como and Lecco sit at the ends of the southwestern and southeastern branches respectively. The small towns of Bellagio, Menaggio and Varenna are situated at the intersection of the three branches of the lake: a boat service operates a triangular route between them.
Lake Como is fed primarily by the Adda, which enters the lake near Colico and flows out at Lecco. This geological conformation makes the southwestern branch a dead end, and so Como, unlike Lecco, is sometimes flooded.
The mountainous pre-alpine territory between the two southern arms of the lake (between Como, Bellagio, and Lecco) is known as the Larian Triangle, or Triangolo lariano. The source of the river Lambro is here. At the centre of the triangle, the town of Canzo is the seat of the Comunità Montana del Triangolo lariano, an association of the 31 municipalities that represent the 71,000 inhabitants of the area.
History
At the beginning of the first millennium B.C. during the Iron Age, the Comum oppidum was born and the civilization of Como developed, inserted in the broader Golasecca culture. In 196 B.C. the army of the consul Claudius Marcellus defeats the Celts tribe of the Comenses and conquered the city. Comum was then strengthened and rebuilt after a raid by Rhaetian and repopulated with 3,000 settlers in 77 BC. Finally, after having reclaimed the marshy area, in 59 B.C. it was re-founded with the name of Novum Comun in its current location on the lake shore at the behest of Gaius Julius Caesar. Pliny the Younger, in one of his Epistulae, describes the lake and its surrounding area as providing plentiful opportunities for fishing and hunting. According to the Notitia Dignitatum, at least since the 4th century, a Praefectus commanding a Roman military fleet was present on the lake.
During the Middle Ages and the Renaissance, the waters of the lake were the scene of military clashes, such as in the 12th century during the war of Milan against Como, which saw the Como fleet in action against the ships of the Milanese and their allies or between 1525 and 1532 due to the Musso war unleashed by Gian Giacomo Medici.
On 28 April 1945, deposed Italian dictator Benito Mussolini was executed in the lakeside village of Giulino, about 180 metres (590 ft) from the waterfront.
Tourism
As a tourist destination, Lake Como is popular for its landscapes, wildlife, and spas. It is a venue for sailing, windsurfing, and kitesurfing.
Although generally considered safe, bathers aiming to find relief from the heat and swimming enthusiasts alike should exercise caution, as a prevailing regulation prohibits diving and swimming both in the city of Como and in the various small villages along the lake. Exceptions are found only in privately managed lidos or designated public beaches where explicit signage permits swimming activities. This prohibition stems from the danger posed by the lake's waters that swiftly transition from shallow to deep near the shoreline and from unpredictable aquatic conditions, which have led to numerous incidents, including drowning cases attributed to sudden thermal shock.
Transportation
Lake Como is served by a public transport system connecting the various villages on the lake. A motorized service began in 1826 when a steamship with sails, the Lario, was launched by the newly established Società privilegiata per l'impresa dei battelli a vapore nel Regno Lombardo Veneto. Since 1952 the fleet has been managed by a government organisation named Gestione Commissariale Governativa and later Gestione Governativa Navigazione Laghi, which is also responsible for transport services on Lake Maggiore and Lake Garda.
There exist three primary services:
Motorship services along the western branch and north towards Colico and back to Como, with additional shuttles to the mid-lake area;
Fast services that broadly follow the same route but with fewer stops; the service, which is more expensive, is operated by hydrofoils;
Ferries able to carry passengers and cars across the popular tourist destinations Menaggio, Bellagio,Varenna and Cadenabbia.
Economy
Lake Como attracts visitors from around the world and as a consequence the economy of the towns surrounding Lake Como is predominantly dependent on tourism and related activities. The tourism sector stimulates local businesses, including hospitality, restaurants and retail, while also fostering the growth of ancillary services such as transportation, cultural tours and recreational activities. This reliance on tourism has led to significant investments in infrastructure and amenities to accommodate and enhance the visitor experience, making it a vital component of the regional economy.
In literature and the arts
Letitia Elizabeth Landon's poem The Lake of Como was published in Fisher's Drawing Room Scrap Book, in 1837. It illustrates a painting by Samuel Prout, engraved by William Miller.
In 1818 Percy Bysshe Shelley wrote to Thomas Love Peacock: "This lake exceeds anything I ever beheld in beauty, except the arbutus islands of Killarney. It is long and narrow, and has the appearance of a mighty river winding among the mountains and the forests."
(Wikipedia)
Tremezzo is a comune (or municipality) of some 1,300 people in the Province of Como, in the Italian region Lombardy. It is one of I Borghi più belli d'Italia ("The most beautiful villages of Italy").
It is located on the western shore of Lake Como between Mezzegra to the southwest and Griante to the northeast, and about 20 kilometres (12 mi) from Como. Tremezzo, which has an area of 8.4 square kilometres (3.2 sq mi), also borders the territory of the following communes: Lenno (south and west of Mezzegra), Menaggio (north of Griante), Grandola ed Uniti (inland from Menaggio) and, on the facing shore of the lake, Bellagio and Lezzeno.
As well as the capoluogo of Tremezzo, the area of the commune includes the frazione Rogaro, birthplace of the architect Pietro Lingeri.
Tremezzo is best known as a tourist resort—it was a favourite of Konrad Adenauer—and for its villas, of which the most famous is the Villa Carlotta with its much-admired gardens, and Villa Sola-Busca. The Brentano family hails from the Tremezzo, in the 17th century the family relocated to the Free City of Frankfurt. Members of the family include 19th century German Romanticist novelist Clemens Brentano and his sister Bettina von Arnim.
The comune of Tremezzo was united with Mezzegra, Ossuccio, and Lenno to form a single municipality named Tremezzina following the election of the Major on 25 May 2014.
(Wikipedia)
Der Comer See (Schweizer Schreibweise Comersee, italienisch Lago di Como oder Lario, lombardisch Lagh de Comm; lateinisch Lacus Larius) ist einer der oberitalienischen Seen. Er liegt vollständig in der Region Lombardei.
Charakteristisch sind die zahlreichen am Ufer liegenden kleinen Dörfer, von denen viele ihren eigenen Charakter bis heute erhalten haben. Viele der Villen (u. a. Villa Carlotta, Villa d’Este) stammen aus dem 15. Jahrhundert, als die Bewohner der Region durch die Seidenraupenzucht und die dadurch entstandene Seidenindustrie zu Reichtum gelangten. Während der Zeit Napoleons erbaute der Vizepräsident der italienischen Republik (1802–1805) Francesco Melzi d’Eril die Villa Melzi.
Durch das mediterrane Klima gedeihen viele subtropische Pflanzen wie z. B. Palmen, Zitrusfrüchte, Zypressen und Olivenbäume.
Geografie
Der Comer See, von den Einheimischen auch Lario genannt, ist 146 km² groß, 51 km lang und maximal 4,2 km breit. Damit ist er nach dem Gardasee und dem Lago Maggiore, gemessen an der Wasserfläche, der drittgrößte See Italiens. Mit einer durch seine charakteristische Form bedingten Uferlinie von 170 km übertrifft er die beiden vorgenannten Seen in diesem Punkt. Seine maximale Tiefe – vor Nesso – beträgt 425 m; damit ist er der tiefste See Europas außerhalb Norwegens.
Der Comer See wird von der Adda durchflossen. Er liegt in einem Zungenbecken des ehemaligen Addagletschers, das sich vor der Alta Brianza in die Arme von Como und Lecco teilt, und hat so die Form eines (umgekehrten) Y. Die Adda mündet bei Colico in den nördlichen Teil des Sees und verlässt ihn bei Lecco; der südwestliche Arm, an dem Como liegt, hat keinen anderen Abfluss.
Die einzige Insel im Comer See ist die etwa 7,5 ha große Isola Comacina. Sie war bereits in der Antike besiedelt, nach Zerstörung der Siedlungen im 12. Jahrhundert durch Truppen Comos aber lange unbewohnt.
Tourismus
Der Comer See ist ein Touristenziel mit zahlreichen Kurorten, Parks und Golfplätzen. Auf seiner Westseite liegt der Sacro Monte di Ossuccio, der 2003 in die Liste der Weltkulturerbe der UNESCO aufgenommen wurde. Die umliegenden Berge bieten Wander- und Klettermöglichkeiten. Durch das milde Klima gibt es eine reiche Vegetation. Jährlich im Frühjahr findet das Oldtimerevent Concorso d’Eleganza Villa d’Este statt.
Prominente wie George Clooney besitzen ein Feriendomizil am Comer See. Dieser dient immer wieder als Filmkulisse, beispielsweise wurde hier für Star Wars: Episode II, Casino Royale oder Ocean’s 12 gedreht.
Der deutsche Bundeskanzler Konrad Adenauer (1876–1967) verbrachte dort auf seinem Anwesen in Cadenabbia viel Zeit. Nach der Niederlegung seines Amtes, kurz vor seinem Tod, schrieb er dort einen großen Teil seiner Memoiren. Die 1899 erbaute Villa La Collina mit ihrem Park wird seit 1977 als internationale Tagungsstätte von der Konrad-Adenauer-Stiftung genutzt.
Schifffahrt
Täglich fahren mehrere Boote zwischen Como und Colico, des Weiteren gibt es verschiedene Routen zwischen Como und Lecco oder Menaggio und Como bzw. Lecco. Es existiert eine Fährverbindung zwischen Lierna, Varenna, Menaggio und Bellagio.
Wassersport
Zwischen Bellagio und Colico herrscht ein reges Treiben von Wassersportlern, da dort zuverlässige Windverhältnisse herrschen.
Laut Berichten aus dem Jahr 2010 lässt die Wasserqualität an gewissen Stellen (durch fehlende Kläranlagen) zu wünschen übrig.
Windverhältnisse
Außer im Winter weht im oberen Teil des Comer Sees praktisch täglich ein thermischer Wind, die Breva. Am Morgen beginnt der Wind etwa ab 10 Uhr mit 1 bis 3 Bft und frischt am Nachmittag auf 3 bis 6 Bft auf. Juni bis September sind die besten Monate zum Wind- und Kitesurfen. Im Oktober lässt die Breva nach, um dann bis Anfang Februar ganz einzuschlafen.
Der Südwind Breva hat seinen Gegenpart im nördlichen Fallwind Tivano, der bei großem Luftdruckunterschied zwischen der nördlichen und der südlichen Seite der Alpen entsteht. Der Tivano weht bereits am frühen Morgen und ist oft stärker als die Breva, am stärksten in der Region von Lecco. Im Süden des Sees, im Larian-Dreieck, dem Gebiet zwischen den beiden Seearmen, bietet auch er gute Voraussetzungen zum Wind- und Kitesurfen.
(Wikipedia)
Tremezzina ist eine italienische Gemeinde mit 5027 Einwohnern (Stand 31. Dezember 2022) in der Provinz Como in der Region Lombardei und Mitglied der Gesellschaft I borghi più belli d’Italia (dt. „Die schönsten Orte Italiens“).
Geographie
Die Gemeinde liegt am Fuße des Monte di Tremezzo (1700 m s.l.m.). Zur Gemeinde gehören die am See gelegenen und vom internationalen Tourismus geprägten Ortsteile Tremezzo, Mezzegra, Lenno und Ossuccio.
Die Nachbargemeinden sind: Griante, Grandola ed Uniti, Menaggio, Perledo (LC), Plesio, San Siro, Varenna (LC) und Bellagio und Ponna.
Gemeindefusion
Tremezzina war eine Gemeinde in der italienischen Provinz Como. Sie entstand im Jahre 1928 aus dem Zusammenschluss der drei Gemeinden Lenno, Mezzegra und Tremezzo. Benannt wurde sie nach der Landschaft Tremezzina, einer Region im Westen des Comer Sees.
In der Gemeinde lebten zu jener Zeit 4242 Einwohner (Stand: 1936). Nach dem Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs wurde sie 1947 aufgelöst und die drei Gründungsgemeinden wurden wieder selbständig.
Am 4. Februar 2014 wurde die Gemeinde Tremezzina durch einen Zusammenschluss der Gemeinden Lenno, Mezzegra, Tremezzo sowie Ossuccio neuerlich gegründet. In diesen vier Gemeinden fand am 1. Dezember 2013 ein nicht bindendes Referendum statt, bei dem sich 63 % der Wähler für einen Zusammenschluss der Gemeinden aussprachen. Zuvor waren vorgenannte Gemeinden gemeinsam mit der Nachbargemeinde Griante in dem Gebietszusammenschluss Unione die Comuni della Tremezzina organisiert. Letztgenannte wurde indes nicht Teil der neugegründeten Gemeinde.
Die Gemeinde gehört zur Comunità Montana del Lario Intelvese und wurde im Jahre 2014 neu gebildet, nachdem sie bereits in den Jahren 1928 bis 1947 unter diesem Namen bestanden hatte.
Sehenswürdigkeiten
Kirche San Bartolomeo im Ortsteil Tremezzo
Villa Carlotta im Ortsteil Tremezzo
Grand Hotel Tremezzo
Abtei Acquafredda im Ortsteil Lenno
Kirche Santo Stefano und romanisches Baptisterium im Ortsteil Lenno
Isola Comacina im Ortsteil Ossuccio
Romanische Kirche Sant’Andrea
Hospitalis Santa Maria Maddalena di Stabio im Ortsteil Ossuccio
Kirche San Benedetto im Val Perlana
Sacro Monte di Ossuccio
Villa del Balbianello im Ortsteil Lenno
Villa Casinella im Ortsteil Lenno
Villa Sola Cabiati im Ortsteil Tremezzo
Villa Balbiano im Ortsteil Ossuccio
Observatorium am Monte Galbiga
(Wikipedia)
In the previous shot of Roos Tor the entire sky was ablaze with colour but, with time and sunlight very much against me, the conditions were changing very quickly. Originally I had intended to take a shot a little further away from the large boulder stack but the cloud cover in the top right of frame had disappeared leaving it almost devoid of any real colour. A quick change of position closer to the stack not only meant that the rocks now filled the void but also look a little more imposing. It’s almost as if the rock is pointing to the setting sun too. Fortunately the landscape beneath tor is still visible from this angle, which is an added bonus. What do you think? Thanks for looking. Mk