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This shoot, entitled "Enchantment" is for my friend/client, hair and make-up extraordinaire, Ms. Kay Rodriguez.
Photo Credits:
Photography: Jeff Yeo
Post Processing: Jeff Yeo
Model: Angeline
Hair and Make-Up: Ms Kay Rodriguez
Special thanks to Ms. Andrea Dalisay and family for the logistics assistance
Shot on location: Policarpio St., Mandaluyong City
***All photos are owned and copyrighted by Jeff Yeo (http://jepoyyeo.multiply.com)
2009 All Rights Reserved. Unauthorized use, copy, editing, reproduction, publication, duplication and distribution of the digital photos, without his explicit permission, is punishable by law. Subject to Philippine and International Copyright Conventions on Intellectual Property Rights***
The 2018 Cambridge Freshfields Lecture entitled "Rights, Wrongs, and Injustices: Taking Remedies Seriously" was delivered by Professor Stephen Smith, James McGill Professor of the Faculty of Law, McGill University, on 8 May 2018.
The Cambridge Freshfields Lecture is an annual address delivered by a guest of the Cambridge Private Law Centre, and the event is sponsored by Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer.
More information about this lecture is available from the Private Law Centre website:
www.privatelaw.law.cam.ac.uk/events/CambridgeFreshfieldsL...
Mural entitled "Skating on Bonaparte's Pond" painted in 1940 by Avery Johnson as part of the New Deal Art Project. The Postmaster took the picture for me.
These are the pieces from my first solo show, entitled “The Ghost of the You Haunted Me..." held at Rotofugi Gallery in Chicago, IL on Sept 7, 2012.
This body of work is the culmination of many of the elements found in my custom toy work within my Forest of Sorrows narrative and I have strived to create a cohesive storyline that ties together many of the concepts and themes seen over the past couple of years.
In this story, when people pass onto the next life, those with unfinished business are taken to the Silva Dolorosa (The Forest of Sorrows) to begin a life anew, where the choices and decisions they make will determine how their lives turn out.
At the end of days as one’s life ebbs away, the Flederkanichen creatures arrive to shepherd these souls, manifested as a seed, and carry them to the Silva Dolorosa. Upon arriving, they drop the soul seeds down into the depths of the forest where the Saplings catch them, plant them in their heads waiting for them to bloom again, at which point they will plant them on the forest floor in the perfect place, so that the souls can begin their new lives.
On one particular day, with one particular soul seed dropped by the Flederkanichen, a big gust of wind blew the seed out of the hand of the Sapling assigned to it and it hit the ground, breaking the cardinal rule of the forest. It was at this moment that Locket, the geist girl was reborn in this limbo, confused and bewildered as to where she was. Frightened, she runs deep into the forest to discover who she was in her previous life, and what she was to become in the next.
Concurrently, at the moment at which Locket was born, the last guardian of the forest, the Hollow Knight, was awakened from deep slumber, tasked with ensuring the sanctity of the Silva and all of its denizens. He sets off on a quest to find Locket, only to encounter yet another new visitor to the forest - the ferocious and monstrous Blackwülf, who seems to be racing the Hollow Knight in a quest to reach Locket first.
This is the story of death, understanding, rebirth and redemption. I hope that the pieces I have created for this show will help to give an insight into this story that I have been telling.
Photos taken by Kirby Kerr.
Please contact rotofugi.com for availability.
A mural entitled How the Tower Got Its Lean on the wall inside Me 'n Ed's Pizza in Fresno's Tower District. It appears that the architects were distracted by the delicious pizza. (They noticed the stack of pizzas were leaning). I always thought it was because the mortgage company put a lien (lean) on it! Artist: Mark DeRaud.
New Deal mural entitled "Harvest" was painted by Jay Risling in 1939. When the USPS moved out in 1968 the building ( and mural) went into private hands. The mural was ripped from the wall during renovations and stored in a city owned storage building for few years. It was later discovered by a city employee who gave it to the No Man's Land Museum in Goodwell where it has remained rolled up and stored since 1975. This was the first view of the mural in almost 50 years when we unrolled it in order to determine it's condition in hopes of having it restored.
Seen in my set entitled ‘Pelargoniums’
www.flickr.com/photos/organize/?start_tab=one_set72157607...
Within my collection entitled ‘The Garden’
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
Pelargonium (Wikipeida)
Pelargonium is a genus of flowering plants which includes about 200 species of perennial, succulent, and shrub plants, commonly known as geraniums. Confusingly, Geranium is the correct botanical name of the separate genus which contains the related Cranesbills. Both genera are in the Family Geraniaceae. Linnaeus originally included all the species in one genus, Geranium, but they were later separated into two genera by Charles L’Héritier in 1789. Gardeners sometimes refer to the members of Genus Pelargonium as "pelargoniums" in order to avoid the confusion, but the older common name "geranium" is still in regular use.
The first species of Pelargonium known to be cultivated was Pelargonium triste, a native of South Africa. It was probably brought to the botanical garden in Leiden before 1600 on ships which stopped at the Cape of Good Hope. In 1631, the English gardener, John Tradescant the elder, bought seeds from Rene Morin in Paris and introduced the plant to England. The name Pelargonium was introduced by Johannes Burman in 1738, from Greek πελαργός pelargos = "stork", because part of the flower looked like a stork's beak.
Other than grown for their beauty, species of Pelargonium such as P. graveolens are important in the perfume industry and are cultivated and distilled for its scent. Although scented Pelargonium exist which have smells of citrus, mint, or various fruits, the varieties with rose scents are most commercially important. Pelargonium distillates and absolutes, commonly known as "scented geranium oil" are sometimes used to supplement or adulterate expensive rose oils.
Pelargonium species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including Angle Shades.
Pelargoniums are believed to deter mosquitoes.
Garden geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum; syn. Pelargonium zonale) is one of the most common ornamental potted-plants, with over 200 varieties.
In 1988 the flower was described and illustrated in a comprehensive 3-volume work Pelargoniums of Southern Africa by Ellaphie Ward-Hilhorst with van der Walt and Vorster.
Cultivars
Species of Pelargonium are indigenous to Southern Africa and are drought and heat tolerant, and can tolerate only minor frosts. Pelargoniums are extremely popular garden plants, grown as annuals in temperate climates, and thousands of ornamental cultivars have been developed from about 20 of the species.
Zonal varieties, also known as P. × hortorum, are mainly derived from P. zonale and P. inquinans.
Ivy-leaved varieties are mainly derived from P. peltatum.
Regal varieties, also known as French geraniums or P. × domesticum are mainly derived from P. cucullatum and P. grandiflorum.
Scented-leaf varieties are derived from a great number of species, amongst others P. graveolens.
Structural variations
Pelargonium leaves are usually alternate, and palmately lobed or pinnate, often on long stalks, and sometimes with light or dark patterns. The erect stems bear five-petaled flowers in umbel-like clusters called pseudoumbels. The shapes of the flowers have been bred to a variety ranging star-shaped to funnel-shaped, and colors include white, pink, red, orange-red, fuchsia to deep purple.
In early 2006 a long-awaited yellow-flowered variety was launched. Called the Guernsey Flair, it was supplied exclusively to the television shopping channel QVC in the UK, and all available plants were sold within a few minutes. See photo of yellow geranium. The flower has a much yellower hue than the cream-colored varieties which some developers had called yellow previously.
Horticultural pelargoniums (as opposed to botanical, the wild 'species') fall into six major groups, with zonals subdivided further:
Angel
Ivy-leaved = hanging
Regal (or Royal) = French
Shrubby-leaved
Unique
Zonal - erect and bushy
Cactus-flowered
Deacon (mostly dwarfs, cf. infra)
Double-flowered
Fancy-leaved
Formosum hybrid
Rosebud
Tulip-flowered
Single-flowered
Stellar
Straight Zonals
It is also usual to classify small Zonals alternatively by size or odorous excellence :
Dwarfs (small)
Miniatures (even smaller)
Parfum-leaved
Live presentation entitled "Peeking into Second Life: A JT-Linden Scripting Language Translator" given simultaneously at the UGS Connection conference in Orlando, Florida (US) and at the Siemens Innovation Connection island in Second Life on Tuesday, June 3, 2008
This presentation discussed current research being conducted by the University of Cincinnati College of Engineering to develop a LSL translation tool that will convert models in JT open format into Second Life prims. For more information about the JT format, please see: www.jtopen.com/
From my set entitled “Peonies”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607186459134/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The peony or paeony (Paeonia) is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America.
Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.5–1.5 metres tall, but some are woody shrubs up to 1.5–3 metres tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves, and large, often fragrant flowers, ranging from red to white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. In the past, the peonies were often classified in the family Ranunculaceae, alongside Hellebores and Anemones.
The peony is named after Paeon or Paean, a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing. Asclepius became jealous of his pupil; Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by turning him into the peony flower
The peony is among the longest-used flowers in ornamental culture and is one of the smallest living creature national emblems in China. Along with the plum blossom, it is a traditional floral symbol of China, where it is called 牡丹 (mǔ dān). It is also known as 富贵花 (fuguihua) "flower of riches and honour", and is used symbolically in Chinese art.[2] In 1903, the Qing Dynasty declared the peony as the national flower. Currently, the Republic of China on Taiwan designates the plum blossom as the national flower, while the People's Republic of China has no legally designated national flower. In 1994, the peony was proposed as the national flower after a nationwide poll, but the National People's Congress failed to ratify the selection. In 2003, another selection process has begun, but to date, no choice has been made.
The famous ancient Chinese city Luoyang has a reputation as a cultivation centre for the peonies. Throughout Chinese history, peonies in Luoyang are often said to be the finest in the country. Dozens of peony exhibitions and shows are still held there annually.
In Japan, Paeonia lactiflora used to be called ebisugusuri ("foreign medicine"). In kampo (the Japanese adaptation of Chinese medicine), its root was used as a treatment for convulsions. It is also cultivated as a garden plant. In Japan Paeonia suffruticosa is called the "The King of flowers" and Paeonia lactiflora is called the "prime minister of flowers".
Pronunciation of 牡丹 (peony) in Japan is "botan". Before the Meiji period, meat taken from quadrupeds was seldom consumed in Japan due to Buddhism. Thus in cases where such meat was handled, it was paraphrased using the names of flowers. The term botan was used (and is still used) to paraphrase wild boar meat. This comes from the flowery resemblance of the sliced meat when spread over a dish. Another example is sakura (cherry blossoms) which stands for horsemeat.
In 1957, the Indiana General Assembly passed a law to make the peony the state flower of Indiana, a title which it holds to this day. It replaced the zinnia, which had been the state flower since 1931.
Mischievous nymphs were said to hide in the petals of the Peony thus causing this magnificent flower to be given the meaning of Shame or Bashfulness in the Language of Flowers. It was named after Pæon, a physician to the gods, who obtained the plant on Mount Olympus from the mother of Apollo. Once planted the Peony likes to be left alone and punishes those who try to move it by not flowering again for several years. Once established, however, it produces splendid blooms each year for decades (Taken from The Language of Flowers, edited by Sheila Pickles, 1990).
Peonies are also extensively grown as ornamental plants for their very large, often scented flowers.
Peonies tend to attract ants to the flower buds. This is due to the nectar that forms on the outside of the flower buds.
Peonies are a common subject in tattoos, often used along with koi-fish.
New Deal mural entitled "Cotton" painted by J. Kelly Fitzpatrick in 1939. He also painted the mural at Ozark. The mural is still in the old PO but is privately owned and the new owners aren't really helpful in allowing folks in to see this piece of public art.
“This is a photo entitled 'Stand still', taken on 28 April 1940. It is a photograph of pupils of Coláiste Iognáid, Galway on a bicycle ride as part of the school cycling club - Turas na Soisear.” Damien Burke, Assistant Archivist, Irish Jesuit Archives.
“Glaoitear ‘fan socair’ ar an ngrianghraf seo. Taispeáintear daltaí ó Choláiste Iognáid ar ‘Thuras na Sóisear’ ar an 28ú lá Aibreáin 1940.” Damien Burke, Cartlannaí Cúnta, Cartlann Íosánach na hÉireann.
during the middle of my vacation, we had 4 days of solid rain. not just a pattering and a n afternoon thunderstorm, we are talking deluge-class, 10 inches of rain, no sign of sun in the sky storming. the first couple days were fine. i read, cleaned up my hard drive, did some writing and thinking - after the 3rd day the charm was tarnished. i spent 90% of the 3 rd day of rain watching discover channel documentaries, drinking beer, and eating cuban sandwiches (sad, i know). 4th day was the worst. i had entered some delerium where it made perfect and powerful artistic sense to photograph the house i was staying in, exploring angles and compositions, cultural and aesthetic juxtapositions, but back home, away from fugue - they make me wince. your turn to wince! heh
ed. note: see Ur-Martini
The stained glass panel is entitled 'the Tree of Life' and was painted by master glass painter Paul Quail and was installed in the chancel's south window in 1987.
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Paul Quail
Paul Quail (1928 – 31 July 2010) was a British stained-glass artist. He was elected a fellow of the British Society of Master Glass Painters in 1973 and was a member of Christian Arts and the Society of Catholic Artists.[1]
Career
He was born in Langley, Buckinghamshire and attended Blackfriars school in Laxton, Northamptonshire. After serving in the Royal Tank Regiment during the Second World War he studied art and design at the Chelsea School of Art and went on to Brighton College of Art where he qualified as an art teacher. He then served an apprenticeship at the stained-glass studios of Lowndes & Drury, Francis Spear and Eddie Nuttgens. He taught the art of stained-glass at Flatford Mill and at West Dean College.
Stained-glass windows that he designed were made using handmade glass, usually with a religious concept, and are to be found both in Britain and abroad. Quail designed the windows in the south transept of St Margaret's Church, Hopton when it was converted to a Julian chapel.[2] Heavenly Jerusalem was installed in St Thomas Aquinas Church, Ham in 1990 as the sole stained-glass window.
Personal life
He was married for a second time in 1981 to the sculptor Jane Quail and they had a studio in Gunthorpe, Norfolk. He died on 31 July 2010, in the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital and is buried at East Bergholt Cemetery.[3]
References
Quail, Jane (21 October 2010). "Paul Quail obituary". The Guardian.none
"Norfolk Churches: St Margaret, Hopton-on-Sea". Retrieved 17 January 2021.none
"Paul Quail". Eastern Daily Press. 11 August 2010.none
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Quail
www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/oct/21/paul-quail-o...
From my set entitled “Roses”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607214064416/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A rose is a perennial flowering shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp thorns. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. [1]
The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with sharply toothed oval-shaped leaflets. The plants fleshy edible fruit is called a rose hip. Rose plants range in size from tiny, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 20 metres in height. Species from different parts of the world easily hybridize, which has given rise to the many types of garden roses.
The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Armenian vard, Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).[2][3]
Attar of rose is the steam-extracted essential oil from rose flowers that has been used in perfumes for centuries. Rose water, made from the rose oil, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products.
The leaves of most species are 5–15 centimetres long, pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; the leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. The vast majority of roses are deciduous, but a few (particularly in Southeast Asia) are evergreen or nearly so.
The flowers of most species roses have five petals, with the exception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea, four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. The ovary is inferior, developing below the petals and sepals.
The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Rose species that produce open-faced flowers are attractive to pollinating bees and other insects, thus more apt to produce hips. Many of the domestic cultivars are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.
While the sharp objects along a rose stem are commonly called "thorns", they are actually prickles — outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem). True thorns, as produced by e.g. Citrus or Pyracantha, are modified stems, which always originate at a node and which have nodes and internodes along the length of the thorn itself. Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and R. pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight spines, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses only have vestigial prickles that have no points.
Roses are popular garden shrubs, as well as the most popular and commonly sold florists' flowers. In addition to their great economic importance as a florists crop, roses are also of great value to the perfume industry.
Many thousands of rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use; most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having mutated into additional petals. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
Twentieth-century rose breeders generally emphasized size and colour, producing large, attractive blooms with little or no scent. Many wild and "old-fashioned" roses, by contrast, have a strong sweet scent.
Roses thrive in temperate climates, though certain species and cultivars can flourish in sub-tropical and even tropical climates, especially when grafted onto appropriate rootstock.
Rose pruning, sometimes regarded as a horticultural art form, is largely dependent on the type of rose to be pruned, the reason for pruning, and the time of year it is at the time of the desired pruning.
Most Old Garden Roses of strict European heritage (albas, damasks, gallicas, etc.) are shrubs that bloom once yearly, in late spring or early summer, on two-year-old (or older) canes. As such, their pruning requirements are quite minimal, and are overall similar to any other analogous shrub, such as lilac or forsythia. Generally, only old, spindly canes should be pruned away, to make room for new canes. One-year-old canes should never be pruned because doing so will remove next year's flower buds. The shrubs can also be pruned back lightly, immediately after the blooms fade, to reduce the overall height or width of the plant. In general, pruning requirements for OGRs are much less laborious and regimented than for Modern hybrids.
Modern hybrids, including the hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, modern miniatures, and English roses, have a complex genetic background that almost always includes China roses (R. chinensis). China roses were evergrowing, everblooming roses from humid subtropical regions that bloomed constantly on any new vegetative growth produced during the growing season. Their modern hybrid descendants exhibit similar habits: Unlike Old Garden Roses, modern hybrids bloom continuously (until stopped by frost) on any new canes produced during the growing season. They therefore require pruning away of any spent flowering stem, in order to divert the plant's energy into producing new growth and thence new flowers.
Additionally, Modern Hybrids planted in cold-winter climates will almost universally require a "hard" annual pruning (reducing all canes to 8"–12" in height) in early spring. Again, because of their complex China rose background, Modern Hybrids are typically not as cold-hardy as European OGRs, and low winter temperatures often desiccate or kill exposed canes. In spring, if left unpruned, these damanged canes will often die back all the way to the shrub's root zone, resulting in a weakened, disfigured plant. The annual "hard" pruning of hybrid teas, floribundas, etc. should generally be done in early spring; most gardeners coincide this pruning with the blooming of forsythia shrubs. Canes should be cut about 1/2" above a vegetative bud (identifiable as a point on a cane where a leaf once grew).
For both Old Garden Roses and Modern Hybrids, any weak, damaged or diseased growth should be pruned away completely, regardless of the time of year. Any pruning of any rose should also be done so that the cut is made at a forty five degree angle above a vegetative bud. This helps the pruned stem callus over more quickly, and also mitigates moisture buildup over the cut, which can lead to disease problems.
For all general rose pruning (including cutting flowers for arrangements), sharp secateurs (hand-held, sickle-bladed pruners) should be used to cut any growth 1/2" or less in diameter. For canes of a thickness greater than 1/2", pole loppers or a small handsaw are generally more effective; secateurs may be damaged or broken in such instances.
Deadheading is the simple practice of manually removing any spent, faded, withered, or discoloured flowers from rose shrubs over the course of the blooming season. The purpose of deadheading is to encourage the plant to focus its energy and resources on forming new offshoots and blooms, rather than in fruit production. Deadheading may also be perfomed, if spent flowers are unsightly, for aethestic purposes. Roses are particularly responsive to deadheading.
Deadheading causes different effects on different varieties of roses. For continual blooming varieties, whether Old Garden roses or more modern hybrid varieties, deadheading allows the rose plant to continue forming new shoots, leaves, and blooms. For "once-blooming" varieties (that bloom only once each season), deadheading has the effect of causing the plant to form new green growth, even though new blooms will not form until the next blooming season.
For most rose gardeners, deadheading is used to refresh the growth of the rose plants to keep the rose plants strong, vibrant, and productive.
The rose has always been valued for its beauty and has a long history of symbolism. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose with their goddesses of love referred to as Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome a wild rose would be placed on the door of a room where secret or confidential matters were discussed. The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose", means to keep a secret — derived from this ancient Roman practice.
Early Christians identified the five petals of the rose with the five wounds of Christ. Despite this interpretation, their leaders were hesitant to adopt it because of its association with Roman excesses and pagan ritual. The red rose was eventually adopted as a symbol of the blood of the Christian martyrs. Roses also later came to be associated with the Virgin Mary.
Rose culture came into its own in Europe in the 1800s with the introduction of perpetual blooming roses from China. There are currently thousands of varieties of roses developed for bloom shape, size, fragrance and even for lack of prickles.
Roses are ancient symbols of love and beauty. The rose was sacred to a number of goddesses (including Isis and Aphrodite), and is often used as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. 'Rose' means pink or red in a variety of languages (such as Romance languages, Greek, and Polish).
The rose is the national flower of England and the United States[4], as well as being the symbol of England Rugby, and of the Rugby Football Union. It is also the provincial flower of Yorkshire and Lancashire in England (the white rose and red rose respectively) and of Alberta (the wild rose), and the state flower of four US states: Iowa and North Dakota (R. arkansana), Georgia (R. laevigata), and New York[5] (Rosa generally). Portland, Oregon counts "City of Roses" among its nicknames, and holds an annual Rose Festival.
Roses are occasionally the basis of design for rose windows, such windows comprising five or ten segments (the five petals and five sepals of a rose) or multiples thereof; however most Gothic rose windows are much more elaborate and were probably based originally on the wheel and other symbolism.
A red rose (often held in a hand) is a symbol of socialism or social democracy; it is also used as a symbol by the British and Irish Labour Parties, as well as by the French, Spanish (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party), Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Brazilian, Dutch (Partij van de Arbeid) and European socialist parties. This originated when the red rose was used as a badge by the marchers in the May 1968 street protests in Paris. White Rose was a World War II non violent resistance group in Germany.
Roses are often portrayed by artists. The French artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté produced some of the most detailed paintings of roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The Rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne have paintings of roses among their works.
Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. The technique originated in Persia (the word Rose itself is from Persian) then spread through Arabia and India, but nowadays about 70% to 80% of production is in the Rose Valley near Kazanluk in Bulgaria, with some production in Qamsar in Iran and Germany.[citation needed]
The Kaaba in Mecca is annually washed by the Iranian rose water from Qamsar. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In the French rose oil industry Rosa centifolia is used. The oil, pale yellow or yellow-grey in color, is sometimes called 'Rose Absolute' oil to distinguish it from diluted versions. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and l-citronellol; and rose camphor, an odourless paraffin. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
Quotes
What's in a name? That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet. — William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet act II, sc. ii
O, my love's like a red, red rose/That's newly sprung in June — Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose
Information appears to stew out of me naturally, like the precious ottar of roses out of the otter. Mark Twain, Roughing It
Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses. — James Oppenheim, "Bread and Roses"
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose — Gertrude Stein, Sacred Emily (1913), a poem included in Geography and Plays.
Our library series has not exactly been what one might call a page turner, but we felt that it was important to the little communities which we have visited. Those of us who live in larger urban areas tend to take libraries more or less for granted. We usually feel that libraries are just...there. Except for dedicated readers, most folks consider the library as a necessary, but uninteresting place. It's a place to which we were dispatched to write term papers and undertake endless research projects on topics which could at best be considered soporific.
The average person thinks of a town's library as they might their water works or post office. It's considered some sort of utility itself. Just like the water works, nobody misses a library until they need one. A library might even be considered an "entitlement", that dangerous expression used to refer to something which one wants, but does not wish to pay for or work toward. Following this corruption of logic some feel that we are owed a library.
Below we demonstrate that the Holly Hill, SC, library isn't much larger than the Mustang. Of course, the number of books the average citizen reads can fit easily in the Mustang's tiny trunk, a space once described by an automotive magazine as having just enough room for a six pack and a bikini. That library is kept alive by dedicated staff and volunteers who still believe that citizens deserve one.
The Holly Hill Library just as the one in Elloree and many other small South Carolina towns was begun by a book club. These were unselfish and optimistic folks who wanted to grant the gift of books to their neighbors. They clearly feel that the future belongs to the informed, the educated, those who want to learn. Certainly there have been home bound folks who through dedicated reading learned more about the world than their neighbors who have taken Carnival Cruises to every point on the globe.
With the boundless resources for information on the internet and ever increasing forms of entertainment, the library is hard pressed to survive. It is, however, an enrichment to any community which cannot be easily figured. Many eager minds deserve a library within reach, but it is certain that this is not an entitlement for which no effort or expense is required.
Cadishead and Irlam Guardian 1969
Irlam man's painting in Eccles Exhibition
A PAINTING entitled "Old Barton" painted by artist J Sharples in 1890 and owned by Mr Gerald Roberts of Irlam, is now on display at Monks Hall Museum, Eccles, among exhibits in an historical exhibition of Eccles and district.
The story behind the painting goes back about four years when Mr Roberts bought it from a shop in Eccles to take to his father in Canada. Before Mr Roberts could make the trip, however, his father died and he kept the picture himself.
When he heard of the exhibition at Eccles, Mr Roberts approached the curator at the museum who included the painting in the exhibition. It shows the port of Barton upon Irwell at a time when Manchester had only a wharf. On the left of the painting is a barge leaving the port being towed (into a strong current by the look of the rope) by a horse on the river bank. It seems strange that the man leading the horse should be wearing what looks like city clothes and a bowler hat - but perhaps that is what the well-dressed bargee wore in those days!
Behind the barge can be seen the old corn mill which stood on the river bank and next to that the former All Saints Roman Catholic School.
The old Barton Road bridge is in the centre of the painting with a weir underneath and, behind that, although it may not show in reproduction, another horse is pulling a barge over the old Brindley aqueduct.
Below the white house on the right is a lock into the Port of Barton and a barge can also be seen leaving this while the land at the bottom right of the painting is named as an old racecourse.
Despite the apparent stillness of the water, there was apparently, quite a current at this point and the waters were famous for their trout and salmon and it was quite usual to see salmon jumping the weir.
Image: The painting of "Old Barton" in 1890, owned by Mr Gerald Roberts, of Irlam which this week has been on display at an exhibition of Eccles and District at the Monks Hall Museum, Eccles.
Special Event entitled “Empowering Persons with Disabilities and Ensuring Inclusiveness and Equality” on the occasion of the International Day of Persons with Disabilities (A/RES/47/3)
(co-organized by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), the Office of the President of the United Nations General Assembly, the Permanent Missions of Ecuador, the Republic of Korea, Brazil, Bulgaria, Italy, Philippines, the United Kingdom, Japan and Singapore, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), UN-Women and the Department of Management of the United Nations)
A mural entitled "The Spirit of East Harlem", painted by Hank Prussing in 1978, and assisted by Manny Vega. The mural was restored by Manny Vega in 1998. Found at East 104th Street and Lexington Avenue. For a great article abut this mural, see:
theuptowner.org/2011/12/30/how-a-mural-captured-a-communi...
Shoes entitled 'Raven', 2009
Noritaka Tatehana
Japanese art schools have played an important role in preserving techniques and nurturing new talent. This striking pair of geta are from Noritaka Taehana's graduate collection at Tokyo University of the Arts where he specialised in freehand paste-resist dyeing (yūzen). Tatehana was fascinated by oiran, the high-ranking courtesans of the Edo period. Based on this research, he went on to create heel-less shoes.
[V&A]
Kimono: Kyoto to Catwalk
(February to October 2020)
This exhibition will present the kimono as a dynamic and constantly evolving icon of fashion, revealing the sartorial, aesthetic and social significance of the garment from the 1660s to the present day, both in Japan and the rest of the world.
The ultimate symbol of Japan, the kimono is often perceived as traditional, timeless and unchanging. Kimono: Kyoto to Catwalk, the UK's first major exhibition on kimono, counters this conception, presenting the garment as a dynamic and constantly evolving icon of fashion.
[V&A]
An exhibition entitled “Oman: A Dialogue of Time, Place and Humanity” took place on the sidelines of the Thirty-Sixth Session of the Intergovernmental Committee on Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Folklore held from June 25 to June 29, 2018.
The exhibition, co-organized by WIPO and the government of Oman, showcased the rich and diverse traditional knowledge and cultural expressions in the country.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
My first Perdu Puzzle jigsaw, entitled 'Hidden in Venice' from a photo by Stewart Halperin. This was billed as their most challenging jigsaw to date and was sold at £95+pp. This is No 425/500 limited edition jigsaw, 850 pieces, approx. 64 x 44cm - and I bought it in May 2013. An extremely interesting and challenging cut, with shaped outline, dropouts, extensive line-cutting and a wide variety of piece shapes and styles.
Perdu puzzles was started by Judy Hilton, the great niece of Eric Pedley who used to cut for the British Jigsaw Library. The family history of cutting wooden / Plywood puzzles leads her to pay a great deal of attention to fine tuning the cut to the image. They are laser cut from a thick but light bright, white plastic, which is directly printed. This leads to very bright clear colours. There is a certain amount of cut edge damage to the paint. The pieces are indeed very strong and do not seem to be brittle - but the box rattled alarmingly on receipt, and I think I shall bag and pad them when I put the puzzle back in its box. (The box is very attractive, and features a portion of the partly-assembled jigsaw. The website also only shows a part of the puzzle - so only a limited 'spoiler'.) Judy sold the company last year to Martin Richter, and I’m not sure if it is still in business. The last entry on the facebook page was 29th Jan 2015.
A most enjoyable jigsaw that I'm sure I will do many times! Although I made mine up on a Portapuzzle do not lay the boards onto the puzzle, or close up the carrier - the plastic pieces stick to the Portapuzzle lining fabric and your hard work will unravel! Placing sheets of paper between the puzzle and the fabric seemed to work.
The website: www.perdupuzzles.co.uk/
Their facebook page:
August 20, 2018:.
18-544205.
.
The central fountain sculpture, entitled Éclatement II, is by Charles Daudelin, a master of abstract sculpture whose work combines movement, volume, and matter. In this piece, the powerful spray of water pays homage to Québec’s hydroelectric heritage. The fountain also echoes the artist’s work at Place du Québec in Paris, entitled Embâcle, highlighting the ties that bind these two capitals of the French-speaking world, one in North America, the other in Europe
Québec,
Québec Québec (City),
Québec Historical Site,
Artwork/Art Display,
The Central Fountain Sculpture,
Entitled Éclatement II Is By Charles Daudelin Built 1998
Québec Québec (City) Historical Buildings,
Québec Historical Site,
Québec Québec (City) Historical Buildings,
Heritage Railway structures,
Heritage Railway Stations,
Canadian Heritage Railway Stations,
Passenger Train System,
VIA Rail Canada,
VIA Rail Stations,
VIA Rail Gare du Palais Built 1915 By Canadian Pacific Railway,
From my set entitled “Fuchsia”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607217665417/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Fuchsia is a genus of flowering plants, mostly shrubs and can grow long shoots, which were identified by Charles Plumier in the late-17th century, and named by Plumier in 1703 after the German botanist Leonhart Fuchs (1501–1566).[1] The English vernacular name Fuchsia is the same as the scientific name.
There are about 100–110 species of Fuchsia. The great majority are native to South America, but with a few occurring north through Central America to Mexico, and also several from New Zealand, and Tahiti. One species, Fuchsia magellanica, extends as far as the southern tip of South America occurring on Tierra del Fuego in the cool temperate zone, but the majority are tropical or subtropical. Most fuchsias are shrubs from 0.2–4 m (8 in-13 ft) tall, but one New Zealand species, Kotukutuku (Fuchsia excorticata), is unusual in the genus in being a tree, growing up to 12–15 m (39-49 ft) tall.
Fuchsia leaves are opposite or in whorls of 3–5, simple lanceolate and usually have serrated margins (entire in some species), 1–25 cm long, and can be either deciduous or evergreen depending on the species. The flowers are very decorative pendulous "eardrop" shape, borne in profusion throughout the summer and autumn, and all year in tropical species. They have four long, slender, sepals and four shorter, broader, petals; in many species the sepals are bright red and the petals purple (colours that attract the hummingbirds that pollinate them), but the colours can vary from white to dark red, purple-blue, and orange. A few have yellowish tones, and recent hybrids have added the color white in various combinations. The ovary is inferior and the fruit is a small (5–25 mm) dark reddish green, deep red, or deep purple, edible epigynous berry containing numerous very small seeds. Many people describe the fruit as having a subtle grape flavor spiced with black pepper.
Fuchsias are popular garden shrubs, and once planted will give years of pleasure for minimal amount of care. The British Fuchsia Society maintain a list of "hardy" fuchsias that have been proven to survive a number of winters throughout Britain and to be back in flower each year by July. Enthusiasts report that hundreds and even thousands of hybrids survive and prosper throughout the British Isles.
Fuchsias from sections Quelusia (F. magellanica and variants, F. regia, etc), encliandra (some encliandra hybrids flower continuously), Skinnera (F. excorticata, F. perscandens) and Procumbentes (F. procumbens is suitable as a groundcover) are proven to be hardy in widespread areas of Britain. Some temperate species will survive outdoors in the temperate areas, though may not always flower in the average British summer.
While the original pronunciation from the word's German origin is "fook-sya" /ˈfʊksja/, most English speakers tend to say "fyew'sha" /ˈfjuːʃə/. As a result, the word is often subjected to misspellings such as "fushcia" or "fuschia". In English, the other accepted pronunciation is "fyewk'see-ah", which is somewhat truer to the word's origin.
Among horticultural writers the fuchsia is jocularly referred to as "the world's most carefully spelled flower," a label which was apparently first given to it by Jimmy Barnes
Leonhart Fuchs was born in 1501. He occupied the chair of Medicine at the Tübingen University from the age of 34 until his death, on the 10th May 1566. Besides his medical knowledge, according to his record of activities which was extensive for the time, he studied plants. This was natural, for most of the remedies of the time were herbal and the two subjects were often inseparable.
In the course of his career Fuchs wrote De Historia Stirpium, which was published in 1542. In honour of Fuchs' work the fuchsia received its name shortly before 1703 by Charles Plumier. It was Plumier who compiled his Nova Plantarum Americanum, which was published in Paris in 1703, based on the results of his plant-finding trip to America in search of new genera.
The fuchsia was in England in the 18th century when Plumier took some seeds there after his expedition. The species he took was Fuchsia triphylla flore coccinea where specimens appeared in France. This may account for its reference under the name of "Thiles" in the Journal des Observations Botaniquesin 1725. Thiles was the name by which the plant was known in southern Chile where Plumier discovered it.
Professor Philip Munz, in his A Revision of the Genus Fuchsia, 1793 says, however, that the fuchsia was first introduced into England by a sailor who grew it in a window where it was observed by a nurseryman from Hammersmith, a Mr. Lee, who succeeded in buying it and propagating it for the trade. This was one of the short tubed species such as magellanica or coccinea.
This report is further embellished in various publications where Captain Firth, a sailor, brought the plant back to England from one of his trips to his home in Hammersmith where he gave it to his wife. Later on James Lee of St. Johns Wood, nurseryman and an astute businessman, heard of the plant and purchased it for £80. He then propagated as many as possible and sold them to the trade for prices ranging from £10 to £20 each.
In the Floricultural Cabinet, 1855, there is a report which varies slightly from the above. Here it says that F. coccinea was given to Kew Garden in 1788 by Captain Firth and that Lee acquired it from Kew.
By this time plant-collecting fever had spread and many species of numerous genera were introduced to England, some living plants, others as seed. The following plants were recorded at Kew: F. lycioides, 1796; F. arborescens, 1824; F. microphylla, 1827; F. fulgens, 1830; F. corymbiflora, 1840; and F. apetala, F. decussata, F. dependens and F. serratifolia in 1843 and 1844, the last four species attributable to Messrs. Veitch of Exeter.
With the increasing numbers of differing species in England plant breeders began to immediately develop hybrids to develop more desirable garden plants. The first recorded experiments date to 1825 as F. arborescens Χ F. macrostemma and F. arborescens X F. coccinea where the quality of the resultant plants was unrecorded.
Between 1835 and 1850 there was a tremendous influx to England of both hybrids and varieties, the majority of which have been lost.
In 1848 Monsieur Felix Porcher published the second edition of his book Le Fuchsia son Histoire et sa Culture. This described 520 species. In 1871 in later editions of M. Porchers book reference is made to James Lye who was to become famous as a breeder of fuchsias in England. In 1883 the first book of English fuchsias was published.
Between 1900 and 1914 many of the famous varieties were produced which were grown extensively for Covent Garden market by many growers just outside London. During the period between the world wars, fuchsia-growing slowed down as efforts were made toward crop production until after 1949, where plant and hybrid production resumed on a large scale.[3]
New Deal mural entitled "Vermont Industries" painted in 1937 by S. Douglass Crockwell. The mural is still in the old post office downtown. It is now owned by SVE Archetectural who have offices on the 2nd floor but not the 1st. Thus, the first floor is locked so viewing the mural must be through the glass (like this one) or across the lobby half way up the stairs.
This piece entitled “Steveston’s Legacy” was unveiled in August 2009 and the depiction of the three fishery workers in the 1930s was a tribute to the area’s heritage and the development of Steveston as a fishing industry enclave. Financial help for the “Steveston’s Legacy” project came from the federal, provincial and municipal government, and other private donors such as the Greczmiel Family who had a long history with the area that dated back a century ago.
[April 2010 Photo by Ray Van Eng]
The education kit entitled “Riskland: the fun way to learn how to prevent disasters” is the outcome of a joint initiative between the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). This product was developed at the end of 2002 by the ISDR Regional Unit for Latin America and the Caribbean, in cooperation with UNICEF Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNICEF-TACRO). Initially, it was addressed for countries in the LAC region and was originally produced in Spanish, English and Portuguese.
Riesgolandia, aprendamos jugando cómo prevenir desastres tiene la intención de poner a disposición de la comunidad educativa y a los niños y las niñas de América Latina y el Caribe una herramienta innovadora e interactiva para la reducción del riesgo de desastres.
A sculpture entitled "Emily Carr and Friends" by sculptor Joe Fafard. The monkey's name was Woo. This is outside the Heffel Fine Art Auction House, 13 Hazelton Avenue, Toronto, Canada. Winter afternoon, 2021. Pentax K1 II.
For more information on artist and writer Emily Carr, see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emily_Carr
For more information on sculptor Joe Fafard, see: en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Fafard
The education kit entitled “Riskland: the fun way to learn how to prevent disasters” is the outcome of a joint initiative between the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (ISDR) and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). This product was developed at the end of 2002 by the ISDR Regional Unit for Latin America and the Caribbean, in cooperation with UNICEF Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean (UNICEF-TACRO). Initially, it was addressed for countries in the LAC region and was originally produced in Spanish, English and Portuguese.
Riesgolandia, aprendamos jugando cómo prevenir desastres tiene la intención de poner a disposición de la comunidad educativa y a los niños y las niñas de América Latina y el Caribe una herramienta innovadora e interactiva para la reducción del riesgo de desastres.
Mural entitled "Race for Land" painted in 1938 by Loren Mozley. Now hangs in the Clinton City Hall. Thanks to Vicky at City Hall for taking the picture for me.
From my set entitled “Morning Glory”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213945288/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_glory
Morning glory is a common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera:
Calystegia
Convolvulus
Ipomoea
Merremia
Rivea
As the name implies, morning glory flowers, which are funnel-shaped, open in the morning, allowing them to be pollinated by Hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, and other daytime insects and birds as well as Hawkmoth at dusk for longer blooming variants. The flower typically lasts for a single morning and dies in the afternoon. New flowers bloom each day. The flowers usually start to fade a couple of hours before the petals start showing visible curling. They prefer full sun throughout the day and mesic soils. In cultivation, most are treated as perennial plants in tropical areas and as annual plants in colder climates, but some species tolerate winter cold. Some moonflowers, which flower at night, are also in the morning glory family.
Morning glory is also called asagao (in Japanese, a compound of 朝 asa "morning" and 顔 kao "face"). A rare brownish-coloured variant known as Danjuro is very popular. It was first known in China for its medicinal uses, due to the laxative properties of its seeds. It was introduced to the Japanese in the 9th century, and they were first to cultivate it as an ornament. During the Edo Period, it became a very popular ornamental flower. Aztec priests in Mexico were also known to use the plant's hallucinogenic properties. (see Rivea corymbosa).
Ancient Mesoamerican civilizations used the morning glory species Ipomoea alba to convert the latex from the Castilla elastica tree and also the guayule plant to produce bouncing rubber balls. The sulfur in the morning glory's juice served to vulcanize the rubber, a process pre-dating Charles Goodyear's discovery by at least 3,000 years.[1]
Because of their fast growth, twining habit, attractive flowers, and tolerance for poor, dry soils, some morning glories are excellent vines for creating summer shade on building walls when trellised, thus keeping the building cooler and reducing heating and cooling costs.
Popular varieties in contemporary western cultivation include the Morning Glory "Sunspots" "Heavenly Blue", the moonflower, the cypress vine, and the cardinal climber. The cypress vine is a hybrid, with the cardinal climber as one parent.
In some places such as Australian bushland morning glories develop thick roots and tend to grow in dense thickets. They can quickly spread by way of long creeping stems. By crowding out, blanketing and smothering other plants, morning glory has turned into a serious invasive weed problem.
Ipomoea aquatica, known as water spinach, water morning-glory, water convolvulus, Ong-Choy, Kang-kung, or swamp cabbage, is popularly used as a green vegetable especially in East and Southeast Asian cuisines. It is a Federal Noxious Weed, however, and technically it is illegal to grow, import, possess, or sell. See: USDA weed factsheet. As of 2005, the state of Texas has acknowledged that water spinach is a highly prized vegetable in many cultures and has allowed water spinach to be grown for personal consumption. This is in part because water spinach is known to have been grown in Texas for more than fifteen years and has not yet escaped cultivation.[2] The fact that it goes by so many names means that it easily slips through import inspections, and it is often available in Asian or specialty produce markets.
The seeds of many species of morning glory contain ergot alkaloids such as the hallucinogenic ergonovine and ergine (LSA). Seeds of I. tricolor and I. corymbosa (syn. R. corymbosa) are used as hallucinogens. The seeds can produce similar effect to LSD when taken in the hundreds. Though the chemical LSA is illegal to possess in pure form, the seeds are found in many gardening stores, however, the seeds from gardening stores may be coated in some form of mild poison in order to prevent ingestion or methylmercury to retard spoilage.[3] They should not be taken by people with a history of liver disorders or hepatitis. They should not be taken by pregnant women as they can cause uterine contraction which can lead to miscarriage. Individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, blood clot, and stroke) or a family history of such problems, and the elderly should avoid consuming these seeds due to their vasoconstrictive effects.[4][5][6]
Note that the plant known as Korean morning glory, Datura stramonium, is of a different species, is poisonous, and also produces hallucinogenic effects.
From my set entitled “Peonies”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607186459134/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The peony or paeony (Paeonia) is the only genus in the flowering plant family Paeoniaceae. They are native to Asia, southern Europe and western North America.
Most are herbaceous perennial plants 0.5–1.5 metres tall, but some are woody shrubs up to 1.5–3 metres tall. They have compound, deeply lobed leaves, and large, often fragrant flowers, ranging from red to white or yellow, in late spring and early summer. In the past, the peonies were often classified in the family Ranunculaceae, alongside Hellebores and Anemones.
The peony is named after Paeon or Paean, a student of Asclepius, the Greek god of medicine and healing. Asclepius became jealous of his pupil; Zeus saved Paeon from the wrath of Asclepius by turning him into the peony flower
The peony is among the longest-used flowers in ornamental culture and is one of the smallest living creature national emblems in China. Along with the plum blossom, it is a traditional floral symbol of China, where it is called 牡丹 (mǔ dān). It is also known as 富贵花 (fuguihua) "flower of riches and honour", and is used symbolically in Chinese art.[2] In 1903, the Qing Dynasty declared the peony as the national flower. Currently, the Republic of China on Taiwan designates the plum blossom as the national flower, while the People's Republic of China has no legally designated national flower. In 1994, the peony was proposed as the national flower after a nationwide poll, but the National People's Congress failed to ratify the selection. In 2003, another selection process has begun, but to date, no choice has been made.
The famous ancient Chinese city Luoyang has a reputation as a cultivation centre for the peonies. Throughout Chinese history, peonies in Luoyang are often said to be the finest in the country. Dozens of peony exhibitions and shows are still held there annually.
In Japan, Paeonia lactiflora used to be called ebisugusuri ("foreign medicine"). In kampo (the Japanese adaptation of Chinese medicine), its root was used as a treatment for convulsions. It is also cultivated as a garden plant. In Japan Paeonia suffruticosa is called the "The King of flowers" and Paeonia lactiflora is called the "prime minister of flowers".
Pronunciation of 牡丹 (peony) in Japan is "botan". Before the Meiji period, meat taken from quadrupeds was seldom consumed in Japan due to Buddhism. Thus in cases where such meat was handled, it was paraphrased using the names of flowers. The term botan was used (and is still used) to paraphrase wild boar meat. This comes from the flowery resemblance of the sliced meat when spread over a dish. Another example is sakura (cherry blossoms) which stands for horsemeat.
In 1957, the Indiana General Assembly passed a law to make the peony the state flower of Indiana, a title which it holds to this day. It replaced the zinnia, which had been the state flower since 1931.
Mischievous nymphs were said to hide in the petals of the Peony thus causing this magnificent flower to be given the meaning of Shame or Bashfulness in the Language of Flowers. It was named after Pæon, a physician to the gods, who obtained the plant on Mount Olympus from the mother of Apollo. Once planted the Peony likes to be left alone and punishes those who try to move it by not flowering again for several years. Once established, however, it produces splendid blooms each year for decades (Taken from The Language of Flowers, edited by Sheila Pickles, 1990).
Peonies are also extensively grown as ornamental plants for their very large, often scented flowers.
Peonies tend to attract ants to the flower buds. This is due to the nectar that forms on the outside of the flower buds.
Peonies are a common subject in tattoos, often used along with koi-fish.
This whimsical sculpture entitled "Mouse Paint," can be seen at Kennelley Park, in front of the Public Library, at Fairport, New York. It is based on the characters in the classical children's book, "Mouse Paint," which was written and illustrated by Fairport author Ellen Stoll Walsh. The sculpture was commissioned by the Fairport Public Library in 2002. Dexter Benedict was the Sculptor.
Medal entitlement of:
Sergeant ( later Major ) Edward COOPER
12th Bn, King's Royal Rifle Corps
Victoria Cross
1914 - 15 Star
British War Medal ( 1914-20 )
Victory Medal ( 1914-19 )
Defence Medal ( 1939-45 )
King George VI Coronation Medal ( 1937 )
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal ( 1953 )
Queen Elizabeth II Silver Jubilee Medal ( 1977 )
Medaille Militaire ( France )
Engraving on reverse of Victoria Cross:
NO. R-2794 SJT. E. COOPER
12TH ( S ) BN. KINGS R. RIF. C.
16.
AUG.
1917.
An article entitled "Sea lions at Victoria's Race Rocks injured by debris, boats" just ran in Victoria's Times Colonist that quoted me. See it here: www.timescolonist.com/technology/lions+Victoria+Race+Rock...
Anna Hall, a marine zoologist also quoted in the article suggests showing graphic images to children to warn them of the dangers posed to sea lions. This series is a response to that suggestion and not biased propaganda as I have been accused of.
Another neck ring that will slowly and painfully kill this animal.
Yacine Djibo, Founder, Speak Up Africa speaks at a panel discussion entitled "Youth and innovation: Protecting our health futures through IP" at the "Innovating for Better Health – Supporting Young Innovators through Intellectual Property" event at WIPO to mark World Intellectual Property Day.
The theme of World Intellectual Property Day 2022 was “IP and Youth innovating for a Better Future”.
The event, hosted by WIPO and co-organized with IFPMA (International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations), in collaboration with Speak Up Africa and the Geneva Health Forum, invited award-winning young innovators for discussions on how IP rights can mobilize change and help advance science, innovation and business for improved health outcomes.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Emmanuel Berrod. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
From my set entitled “Roses”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607214064416/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
A rose is a perennial flowering shrub or vine of the genus Rosa, within the family Rosaceae, that contains over 100 species. The species form a group of erect shrubs, and climbing or trailing plants, with stems that are often armed with sharp thorns. Most are native to Asia, with smaller numbers of species native to Europe, North America, and northwest Africa. Natives, cultivars and hybrids are all widely grown for their beauty and fragrance. [1]
The leaves are alternate and pinnately compound, with sharply toothed oval-shaped leaflets. The plants fleshy edible fruit is called a rose hip. Rose plants range in size from tiny, miniature roses, to climbers that can reach 20 metres in height. Species from different parts of the world easily hybridize, which has given rise to the many types of garden roses.
The name originates from Latin rosa, borrowed through Oscan from colonial Greek in southern Italy: rhodon (Aeolic form: wrodon), from Aramaic wurrdā, from Assyrian wurtinnu, from Old Iranian *warda (cf. Armenian vard, Avestan warda, Sogdian ward, Parthian wâr).[2][3]
Attar of rose is the steam-extracted essential oil from rose flowers that has been used in perfumes for centuries. Rose water, made from the rose oil, is widely used in Asian and Middle Eastern cuisine. Rose hips are occasionally made into jam, jelly, and marmalade, or are brewed for tea, primarily for their high Vitamin C content. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are also used to produce Rose hip seed oil, which is used in skin products.
The leaves of most species are 5–15 centimetres long, pinnate, with (3–) 5–9 (–13) leaflets and basal stipules; the leaflets usually have a serrated margin, and often a few small prickles on the underside of the stem. The vast majority of roses are deciduous, but a few (particularly in Southeast Asia) are evergreen or nearly so.
The flowers of most species roses have five petals, with the exception of Rosa sericea, which usually has only four. Each petal is divided into two distinct lobes and is usually white or pink, though in a few species yellow or red. Beneath the petals are five sepals (or in the case of some Rosa sericea, four). These may be long enough to be visible when viewed from above and appear as green points alternating with the rounded petals. The ovary is inferior, developing below the petals and sepals.
The aggregate fruit of the rose is a berry-like structure called a rose hip. Rose species that produce open-faced flowers are attractive to pollinating bees and other insects, thus more apt to produce hips. Many of the domestic cultivars are so tightly petalled that they do not provide access for pollination. The hips of most species are red, but a few (e.g. Rosa pimpinellifolia) have dark purple to black hips. Each hip comprises an outer fleshy layer, the hypanthium, which contains 5–160 "seeds" (technically dry single-seeded fruits called achenes) embedded in a matrix of fine, but stiff, hairs. Rose hips of some species, especially the Dog Rose (Rosa canina) and Rugosa Rose (Rosa rugosa), are very rich in vitamin C, among the richest sources of any plant. The hips are eaten by fruit-eating birds such as thrushes and waxwings, which then disperse the seeds in their droppings. Some birds, particularly finches, also eat the seeds.
While the sharp objects along a rose stem are commonly called "thorns", they are actually prickles — outgrowths of the epidermis (the outer layer of tissue of the stem). True thorns, as produced by e.g. Citrus or Pyracantha, are modified stems, which always originate at a node and which have nodes and internodes along the length of the thorn itself. Rose prickles are typically sickle-shaped hooks, which aid the rose in hanging onto other vegetation when growing over it. Some species such as Rosa rugosa and R. pimpinellifolia have densely packed straight spines, probably an adaptation to reduce browsing by animals, but also possibly an adaptation to trap wind-blown sand and so reduce erosion and protect their roots (both of these species grow naturally on coastal sand dunes). Despite the presence of prickles, roses are frequently browsed by deer. A few species of roses only have vestigial prickles that have no points.
Roses are popular garden shrubs, as well as the most popular and commonly sold florists' flowers. In addition to their great economic importance as a florists crop, roses are also of great value to the perfume industry.
Many thousands of rose hybrids and cultivars have been bred and selected for garden use; most are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having mutated into additional petals. As long ago as 1840 a collection numbering over one thousand different cultivars, varieties and species was possible when a rosarium was planted by Loddiges nursery for Abney Park Cemetery, an early Victorian garden cemetery and arboretum in England.
Twentieth-century rose breeders generally emphasized size and colour, producing large, attractive blooms with little or no scent. Many wild and "old-fashioned" roses, by contrast, have a strong sweet scent.
Roses thrive in temperate climates, though certain species and cultivars can flourish in sub-tropical and even tropical climates, especially when grafted onto appropriate rootstock.
Rose pruning, sometimes regarded as a horticultural art form, is largely dependent on the type of rose to be pruned, the reason for pruning, and the time of year it is at the time of the desired pruning.
Most Old Garden Roses of strict European heritage (albas, damasks, gallicas, etc.) are shrubs that bloom once yearly, in late spring or early summer, on two-year-old (or older) canes. As such, their pruning requirements are quite minimal, and are overall similar to any other analogous shrub, such as lilac or forsythia. Generally, only old, spindly canes should be pruned away, to make room for new canes. One-year-old canes should never be pruned because doing so will remove next year's flower buds. The shrubs can also be pruned back lightly, immediately after the blooms fade, to reduce the overall height or width of the plant. In general, pruning requirements for OGRs are much less laborious and regimented than for Modern hybrids.
Modern hybrids, including the hybrid teas, floribundas, grandifloras, modern miniatures, and English roses, have a complex genetic background that almost always includes China roses (R. chinensis). China roses were evergrowing, everblooming roses from humid subtropical regions that bloomed constantly on any new vegetative growth produced during the growing season. Their modern hybrid descendants exhibit similar habits: Unlike Old Garden Roses, modern hybrids bloom continuously (until stopped by frost) on any new canes produced during the growing season. They therefore require pruning away of any spent flowering stem, in order to divert the plant's energy into producing new growth and thence new flowers.
Additionally, Modern Hybrids planted in cold-winter climates will almost universally require a "hard" annual pruning (reducing all canes to 8"–12" in height) in early spring. Again, because of their complex China rose background, Modern Hybrids are typically not as cold-hardy as European OGRs, and low winter temperatures often desiccate or kill exposed canes. In spring, if left unpruned, these damanged canes will often die back all the way to the shrub's root zone, resulting in a weakened, disfigured plant. The annual "hard" pruning of hybrid teas, floribundas, etc. should generally be done in early spring; most gardeners coincide this pruning with the blooming of forsythia shrubs. Canes should be cut about 1/2" above a vegetative bud (identifiable as a point on a cane where a leaf once grew).
For both Old Garden Roses and Modern Hybrids, any weak, damaged or diseased growth should be pruned away completely, regardless of the time of year. Any pruning of any rose should also be done so that the cut is made at a forty five degree angle above a vegetative bud. This helps the pruned stem callus over more quickly, and also mitigates moisture buildup over the cut, which can lead to disease problems.
For all general rose pruning (including cutting flowers for arrangements), sharp secateurs (hand-held, sickle-bladed pruners) should be used to cut any growth 1/2" or less in diameter. For canes of a thickness greater than 1/2", pole loppers or a small handsaw are generally more effective; secateurs may be damaged or broken in such instances.
Deadheading is the simple practice of manually removing any spent, faded, withered, or discoloured flowers from rose shrubs over the course of the blooming season. The purpose of deadheading is to encourage the plant to focus its energy and resources on forming new offshoots and blooms, rather than in fruit production. Deadheading may also be perfomed, if spent flowers are unsightly, for aethestic purposes. Roses are particularly responsive to deadheading.
Deadheading causes different effects on different varieties of roses. For continual blooming varieties, whether Old Garden roses or more modern hybrid varieties, deadheading allows the rose plant to continue forming new shoots, leaves, and blooms. For "once-blooming" varieties (that bloom only once each season), deadheading has the effect of causing the plant to form new green growth, even though new blooms will not form until the next blooming season.
For most rose gardeners, deadheading is used to refresh the growth of the rose plants to keep the rose plants strong, vibrant, and productive.
The rose has always been valued for its beauty and has a long history of symbolism. The ancient Greeks and Romans identified the rose with their goddesses of love referred to as Aphrodite and Venus. In Rome a wild rose would be placed on the door of a room where secret or confidential matters were discussed. The phrase sub rosa, or "under the rose", means to keep a secret — derived from this ancient Roman practice.
Early Christians identified the five petals of the rose with the five wounds of Christ. Despite this interpretation, their leaders were hesitant to adopt it because of its association with Roman excesses and pagan ritual. The red rose was eventually adopted as a symbol of the blood of the Christian martyrs. Roses also later came to be associated with the Virgin Mary.
Rose culture came into its own in Europe in the 1800s with the introduction of perpetual blooming roses from China. There are currently thousands of varieties of roses developed for bloom shape, size, fragrance and even for lack of prickles.
Roses are ancient symbols of love and beauty. The rose was sacred to a number of goddesses (including Isis and Aphrodite), and is often used as a symbol of the Virgin Mary. 'Rose' means pink or red in a variety of languages (such as Romance languages, Greek, and Polish).
The rose is the national flower of England and the United States[4], as well as being the symbol of England Rugby, and of the Rugby Football Union. It is also the provincial flower of Yorkshire and Lancashire in England (the white rose and red rose respectively) and of Alberta (the wild rose), and the state flower of four US states: Iowa and North Dakota (R. arkansana), Georgia (R. laevigata), and New York[5] (Rosa generally). Portland, Oregon counts "City of Roses" among its nicknames, and holds an annual Rose Festival.
Roses are occasionally the basis of design for rose windows, such windows comprising five or ten segments (the five petals and five sepals of a rose) or multiples thereof; however most Gothic rose windows are much more elaborate and were probably based originally on the wheel and other symbolism.
A red rose (often held in a hand) is a symbol of socialism or social democracy; it is also used as a symbol by the British and Irish Labour Parties, as well as by the French, Spanish (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party), Portuguese, Norwegian, Danish, Swedish, Finnish, Brazilian, Dutch (Partij van de Arbeid) and European socialist parties. This originated when the red rose was used as a badge by the marchers in the May 1968 street protests in Paris. White Rose was a World War II non violent resistance group in Germany.
Roses are often portrayed by artists. The French artist Pierre-Joseph Redouté produced some of the most detailed paintings of roses.
Henri Fantin-Latour was also a prolific painter of still life, particularly flowers including roses. The Rose 'Fantin-Latour' was named after the artist.
Other impressionists including Claude Monet and Paul Cézanne have paintings of roses among their works.
Rose perfumes are made from attar of roses or rose oil, which is a mixture of volatile essential oils obtained by steam distilling the crushed petals of roses. The technique originated in Persia (the word Rose itself is from Persian) then spread through Arabia and India, but nowadays about 70% to 80% of production is in the Rose Valley near Kazanluk in Bulgaria, with some production in Qamsar in Iran and Germany.[citation needed]
The Kaaba in Mecca is annually washed by the Iranian rose water from Qamsar. In Bulgaria, Iran and Germany, damask roses (Rosa damascena 'Trigintipetala') are used. In the French rose oil industry Rosa centifolia is used. The oil, pale yellow or yellow-grey in color, is sometimes called 'Rose Absolute' oil to distinguish it from diluted versions. The weight of oil extracted is about one three-thousandth to one six-thousandth of the weight of the flowers; for example, about two thousand flowers are required to produce one gram of oil.
The main constituents of attar of roses are the fragrant alcohols geraniol and l-citronellol; and rose camphor, an odourless paraffin. β-Damascenone is also a significant contributor to the scent.
Quotes
What's in a name? That which we call a rose/By any other name would smell as sweet. — William Shakespeare, Romeo and Juliet act II, sc. ii
O, my love's like a red, red rose/That's newly sprung in June — Robert Burns, A Red, Red Rose
Information appears to stew out of me naturally, like the precious ottar of roses out of the otter. Mark Twain, Roughing It
Hearts starve as well as bodies; give us bread, but give us roses. — James Oppenheim, "Bread and Roses"
Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose — Gertrude Stein, Sacred Emily (1913), a poem included in Geography and Plays.
I watched male LOOK BEHIND FIRST, see it was unknown female (I specifically asked: "Do you know him?"), THEN feel free to lean back, extend arm across her space. No man would do this with an unknown male behind him unless being aggressive. I know MY theory for why many men treat women's bodies, possessions, and personal space as less significant than their own. What's yours?
A cultural event entitled “ASEAN @ 50 – Intellectual Property, Innovation and Development” featuring innovations from the bloc’s ten member countries and musical and dance performances was held on the sidelines of the Assemblies of WIPO Member States, which met from October 2-11, 2017. WIPO co-organized the event with the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) to mark the Organization’s 50th anniversary.
Copyright: WIPO. Photo: Violaine Martin. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 IGO License.
This photographic portfolio entitled “ANCESTRAL LANDSCAPES” is the result of an incredible journey in Scotland through breathtaking natural landscapes. Scotland landscape is a permanent theater, a mysterious drama in which the initial plot seems to come from ancient feuds or the echo of legends. Contrasting like its climate, Scotland offers a range of light and shadow carried by the impetuousness of the elements. Weather reports are more like predicting the future than science. As frustrating as it may sound, it forces you to make your day unexpected. The turbulence of time exacerbates the green of the hills, the darkness of the mountains and the density of the ocean. The caledonian bad weather offers atmospheres that seem to come out of the most fantastic tales and legends. In this interplay of shades and contrasts, Scotland is a perpetual painting that offers aesthetes the violence of its brushstrokes. Consistently tackling the elements in Scotland grabs you literally and figuratively. The wind blows across the plains, the rain draws a curtain over the landscape and the proud mountains impress. Scotland is home to some of the most stunning landscapes I have ever seen. Shaped by landslides and tectonic movements that have completely sculpted their surroundings, these landscapes instantly immerse you in an almost supernatural fantasy world. One does not expect to discover such an exciting landscape. Vastness constantly echoes within us through our eyes.
These are the pieces from my first solo show, entitled “The Ghost of the You Haunted Me..." held at Rotofugi Gallery in Chicago, IL on Sept 7, 2012.
This body of work is the culmination of many of the elements found in my custom toy work within my Forest of Sorrows narrative and I have strived to create a cohesive storyline that ties together many of the concepts and themes seen over the past couple of years.
In this story, when people pass onto the next life, those with unfinished business are taken to the Silva Dolorosa (The Forest of Sorrows) to begin a life anew, where the choices and decisions they make will determine how their lives turn out.
At the end of days as one’s life ebbs away, the Flederkanichen creatures arrive to shepherd these souls, manifested as a seed, and carry them to the Silva Dolorosa. Upon arriving, they drop the soul seeds down into the depths of the forest where the Saplings catch them, plant them in their heads waiting for them to bloom again, at which point they will plant them on the forest floor in the perfect place, so that the souls can begin their new lives.
On one particular day, with one particular soul seed dropped by the Flederkanichen, a big gust of wind blew the seed out of the hand of the Sapling assigned to it and it hit the ground, breaking the cardinal rule of the forest. It was at this moment that Locket, the geist girl was reborn in this limbo, confused and bewildered as to where she was. Frightened, she runs deep into the forest to discover who she was in her previous life, and what she was to become in the next.
Concurrently, at the moment at which Locket was born, the last guardian of the forest, the Hollow Knight, was awakened from deep slumber, tasked with ensuring the sanctity of the Silva and all of its denizens. He sets off on a quest to find Locket, only to encounter yet another new visitor to the forest - the ferocious and monstrous Blackwülf, who seems to be racing the Hollow Knight in a quest to reach Locket first.
This is the story of death, understanding, rebirth and redemption. I hope that the pieces I have created for this show will help to give an insight into this story that I have been telling.
Photos taken by Kirby Kerr.
Please contact rotofugi.com for availability.
These are the pieces from my first solo show, entitled “The Ghost of the You Haunted Me..." held at Rotofugi Gallery in Chicago, IL on Sept 7, 2012.
This body of work is the culmination of many of the elements found in my custom toy work within my Forest of Sorrows narrative and I have strived to create a cohesive storyline that ties together many of the concepts and themes seen over the past couple of years.
In this story, when people pass onto the next life, those with unfinished business are taken to the Silva Dolorosa (The Forest of Sorrows) to begin a life anew, where the choices and decisions they make will determine how their lives turn out.
At the end of days as one’s life ebbs away, the Flederkanichen creatures arrive to shepherd these souls, manifested as a seed, and carry them to the Silva Dolorosa. Upon arriving, they drop the soul seeds down into the depths of the forest where the Saplings catch them, plant them in their heads waiting for them to bloom again, at which point they will plant them on the forest floor in the perfect place, so that the souls can begin their new lives.
On one particular day, with one particular soul seed dropped by the Flederkanichen, a big gust of wind blew the seed out of the hand of the Sapling assigned to it and it hit the ground, breaking the cardinal rule of the forest. It was at this moment that Locket, the geist girl was reborn in this limbo, confused and bewildered as to where she was. Frightened, she runs deep into the forest to discover who she was in her previous life, and what she was to become in the next.
Concurrently, at the moment at which Locket was born, the last guardian of the forest, the Hollow Knight, was awakened from deep slumber, tasked with ensuring the sanctity of the Silva and all of its denizens. He sets off on a quest to find Locket, only to encounter yet another new visitor to the forest - the ferocious and monstrous Blackwülf, who seems to be racing the Hollow Knight in a quest to reach Locket first.
This is the story of death, understanding, rebirth and redemption. I hope that the pieces I have created for this show will help to give an insight into this story that I have been telling.
Photos taken by Kirby Kerr.
Please contact rotofugi.com for availability.
These 39 pictures entitled "Colors of Fall in Yardley . . ." were all taken around my home in late October, pre-Hurricane Sandy. Number 7968 is a photo of the tree that came crashing down on two unsuspecting cars parked underneath it at the height of the hurricane.
Fall happens to be my favorite time of year and not just because pumpkin flavors are all the rage. From late September to early November, Mother Nature puts on her most spectacular show. Trees of all types slowly transition from their standard leaves to shades of red, orange, gold, brown, and even purple. Landscapes across the country pop with vibrant colors and serve as a brief reminder just how beautiful nature can be.
It's a great time for hiking and scenic drives and below are all the resources you need to make your trip happen. Whether you want to know just why leaves change their colors or are looking for where to see specific shades, the answers are here.
So Why Do Leaves Change Colors?
The answer lies in one word: chlorophyll. It's the chemical that gives leaves their green color. Chlorophyll is also responsible for photosynthesis - a process where plants turn water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and sugar. Confused? Let's back up to the basics.
Trees take water from the ground using their roots. They also take carbon dioxide from the air. But trees need oxygen and glucose to grow big and healthy. In order to do that, they use sunlight to turn the water and carbon dioxide into oxygen and glucose. That's photosynthesis. And chlorophyll helps make it happen.
When summer ends and autumn begins, there is less sunlight since the days get shorter. This is an important hint for trees and other plants to prepare themselves for the winter. Since there isn't enough light and water during the winter for photosynthesis, trees go into rest-mode and will feed off food they have stored up over summer. While processes shut down, chlorophyll starts to disappear from the leaves, taking away the green color. As the green fades, the leaves show other colors that have been there all along - yellow and orange. They have been hidden all summer by chlorophyll and during the fall, it is their time to shine!
You're probably wondering about the other signature colors of autumn - red, purple, and brown. Well, in some trees, such as maples, glucose is trapped in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. That glucose is turned into a red color from the sunlight and the cool nights of autumn. The brown color of trees, such as oaks, is made from tannin - a waste product left in the leaves.
The brilliance of colors you see every fall is directly related to weather conditions. The brightest colors are seen when late summer is dry, and autumn has bright sunny days and cool evenings. A good supply of rainfall also keeps the leaves on trees longer and helps to enhance the color.
For more information go to this site:
New Deal mural entitled "In the Soil Is Our Wealth" painted by Raymond Breinin in 1938. The mural is now located in a supervisor's office and can only be seen from the lobby thorough a partitioned window. I was allowed into the office to get this picture.
The Art Deco sculpture entitled 'Man Controlling Trade' by Michael Lantz in front of the 1938 Federal Trade Commission Building in Washington DC near the Capital.