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This photograph featured in an online article in PRIMA magazine entitled: '' 18 photos that prove Scotland is the perfect place to social distance on holiday '' -
Transport yourself to the remote beauty of Scotland via these serene views by Roshina Jowaheer on 11th August 2020.
PRIMA is a UK based online and magazine owned by House of Hearst in London.
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©All photographs on this site are copyright: DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) 2011 – 2020 & GETTY IMAGES ®
No license is given nor granted in respect of the use of any copyrighted material on this site other than with the express written agreement of DESPITE STRAIGHT LINES (Paul Williams) ©
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Photograph taken at 15:36pm on Tuesday 10th September 2013, past Alexandria on the A82, at a beautiful little village called Aldochlay on the shoreline of Loch Lomond in the Loch Lomond and The Trossachs National Park, Scotland. This view looks across the Loch towards the islabd of Inchtavannach.
Loch Lomond (Loch Laomainn), a freshwater loch situated on the Highland Boundary fault, is the largest inland stretch of water by surface area in Great Britain, at 39km in length and up to 8km in width with a maximum depth of 190metres. Primary inflows and outflows include Endrick water, Fruin water and the River Leven.
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Nikon D800 Focal length: 22mm Shutter speed: 1/250s Aperture: f/14.0 iso200 RAW (14Bit) Handheld RAW 14-Bit uncompressed file size L (7360 x 4912) FX Exposure mode: Manual exposure White balance: Auto Colour: Adobe RGB
Nikkor AF-S 14-24mm f/2.8G ED IF. Nikon MB-D12 battery grip. Two Nikon EN-EL15 batteries. Sandisc 32GB Ultra Class 10 30MB/s SDHC. Nikon DK-17a magnifying eyepiece. Hoodman HGEC soft eyepiece cup. Nikon GP-1 GPS unit.
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LATITUDE: N 56d 5m 12.59s
LONGITUDE: W 4d 38m 12.23s
ALTITUDE: 24.0m
RAW (FINE) FILE: 103.00MB
PROCESSED FILE: 27.86MB
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PROCESSING POWER:
Nikon D800 Firmware versions A 1.10 B 1.10 L 2.009 (Lens distortion control version 2)
HP 110-352na Desktop PC with AMD Quad-Core A6-5200 APU processor. AMD Radeon HD8400 graphics. 8 GB DDR3 Memory with 1TB Data storage. 64-bit Windows 10. Verbatim USB 2.0 1TB desktop hard drive. WD My Passport Ultra 1tb USB3 Portable hard drive. Nikon ViewNX-1 64bit (Version 1.2.9 18/09/2017). Adobe photoshop Elements 8 Version 8.0 64bit.
Entitled "Salon", the work invites the public "to meet others and engage in dialogue in a spirit of shared humanity, illustrating the Olympic ideal of a peaceful and inclusive society," the Olympic Museum explains.
The Olympic sculpture is part of the International Olympic Committee's (IOC) Olympic Art Visions program. The goal is to create an original work of art inspired by sport and Olympic values, to be installed in the public space of the Olympic host city. It also helps to forge direct links between host cities, from Tokyo to Paris or, as shown here, from Paris to Los Angeles. (...)
American visual artist Alison Saar was unanimously chosen to create the Parisian sculpture. Alison Saar, 68, is based in Los Angeles. For 40 years, she has been working on black female identity and exploring themes such as African heritage, slavery, the African diaspora in her works... (...) By integrating traditional African, African-American and Caribbean elements into her works, she wishes to "break with the image of the standard white man that we find in most monuments and sculptures."
In this first project in a public space outside the United States, Alison Saar has brought together a large bronze female figure and six chairs. The female figure holds olive branches, symbolizing peace, and a golden flame, a reference to the Olympic Games. The seats each represent a region of the world. There is a palaver chair from West Africa, a hand-carved child's chair from Central America, a rustic milking stool from France, a ceramic drum stool from China, a classic Thonet chair from Europe, and a curule chair, a nod to the origins of the Olympic Games in ancient Greece.
The title of the work also refers to the private salon and that of Gertrude Stein, where artists, writers, intellectuals, and musicians gathered to exchange ideas. Similarly, the public is invited to sit and "reflect, share, sing, read, build friendships, and collaborate," explains the Olympic Museum. Once the summer is over, the sculpture will remain in the Charles-Aznavour garden between the Champs Elysées and Place de la Concorde to bear witness to "the legacy of the Paris 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games," the institution concludes.
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Intitulée "Salon", l’œuvre invite le public « à aller à la rencontre de l’autre et à dialoguer dans un esprit d’humanité partagée, illustrant l’idéal olympique d’une société pacifique et inclusive », précise le Musée Olympique.
La sculpture olympique fait partie du programme Olympic Art Visions du Comité international olympique (CIO). Celui-ci a pour but de créer une œuvre d’art originale qui s’inspire du sport et des valeurs olympiques pour l’installer dans l’espace public de la ville hôte des JO. Il contribue également à tisser des liens directs entre les villes hôtes, de Tokyo à Paris ou, comme ici, de Paris à Los Angeles. (...)
La plasticienne américaine Alison Saar a été choisie à l’unanimité pour réaliser la sculpture parisienne. Âgée de 68 ans, Alison Saar est basée à Los Angeles. Depuis 40 ans, elle travaille sur l’identité féminine noire et explore dans ses œuvres des thématiques comme l’héritage africain, l’esclavage, la diaspora africaine… (...) En intégrant des éléments traditionnels africains, afro-américains et caribéens à ses œuvres, elle souhaite « rompre avec l’image de l’homme blanc standard que l’on retrouve dans la plupart des monuments et des sculptures ».
Dans ce premier projet dans l’espace public en dehors des États-Unis, Alison Saar a réuni une grande figure féminine en bronze et six sièges. Le personnage féminin tient dans ses mains des rameaux d’olivier, qui symbolisent la paix, et une flamme dorée, en référence aux Jeux olympiques. Les assises représentent quant à elle chacune une région du monde. On retrouve un siège à palabre d’Afrique de l’Ouest, une chaise d’enfant taillée à la main d’Amérique centrale, un tabouret de traite rustique de France, un tabouret tambour en céramique de Chine, une chaise classique Thonet d’Europe et un siège curule, clin d’œil à l’origine des Jeux olympiques dans la Grèce antique.
Le titre de l’œuvre fait aussi référence au salon privé et à celui de Gertrude Stein, où les artistes, écrivains, intellectuels et musiciens se retrouvaient pour échanger. De la même manière, le public est invité à s’asseoir pour « réfléchir, partager, chanter, lire, nouer des amitiés et collaborer », explique le Musée Olympique. Une fois l’été passé, la sculpture restera dans le jardin Charles-Aznavour pour témoigner de « l’héritage des Jeux Olympiques et Paralympiques de Paris 2024 », conclut l’institution.
Source: www.connaissancedesarts.com/arts-expositions/paris/paris-...
Mural entitled "Dilla is Forever" by Victor Quinonez aka @marka27, seen at 8841 Oakland Avenue in Detroit, Michigan.
James Dewitt Yancey (February 7, 1974 – February 10, 2006), better known by the stage names J Dilla and Jay Dee, was an American record producer, drummer, rapper and songwriter. He emerged in the mid-1990s underground hip hop scene in Detroit, Michigan, as a member of the group Slum Village. --Wikipedia
Drone photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
From my set entitled “Pansies”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213822856/
In my collection entitled “Goldenrod”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The pansy or pansy violet is a plant cultivated as a garden flower. Pansies are derived from Viola tricolor also called the Heartsease, 'Johnny Jump Up', stepmothers flower, or ladies delight. However, many garden varieties are hybrids and are referred to as Viola × wittrockiana but sometimes they are listed under the name Viola tricolor hortensis. The name "pansy" also appears as part of the common name of a number of wildflowers belonging, like the cultivated pansy, to the genus Viola. Some unrelated species, such as the Pansy Monkeyflower, also have "pansy" in their name.
Pansy breeding has produced a wide range of flower colors including yellow, gold, orange, purple, violet, red, white, and even black (dark purple) many with large showy face markings. A large number of bicoloured flowers have also been produced. They are generally very cold hardy plants surviving freezing even during their blooming period. Plants grow well in sunny or partially sunny positions in well draining soils. Pansies are developed from viola species that are normally biennials with a two-year life cycle. The first year plant produce greenery and then bear flowers and seeds their second year of growth and afterwards die like annuals. Because of selective human breeding, most garden pansies bloom the first year, some in as little as nine weeks after sowing.
Most biennials are purchased as packs of young plants from the garden centre and planted directly into the garden soil. Under favourable conditions, pansies and viola can often be grown as perennial plants, but are generally treated as annuals or biennial plants because after a few years of growth the stems become long and scraggly. Plants grow up to nine inches (23 cm) tall, and the flowers are two to three inches (about 6 cm) in diameter, though there are some smaller and larger flowering cultivars available too.
Pansies are winter hardy in zones 4-8. They can survive light freezes and short periods of snow cover, in areas with prolonged snow cover they survive best with a covering of a dry winter mulch. In warmer climates, zones 9-11, pansies can bloom over the winter, and are often planted in the fall. In these climates, pansies have been known to reseed themselves and come back the next year. Pansies are not very heat-tolerant; they are best used as a cool season planting, warm temperatures inhibit blooming and hot muggy air causes rot and death. In colder zones, pansies may not persist without snow cover or protection (mulch) from the extreme cold.
Pansies should be watered thoroughly about once a week, depending on climate and rainfall. To maximize blooming, plant food should be used about every other week, according to the plant food directions. Regular deadheading can extend the blooming period.
The pansy has two top petals overlapping slightly, two side petals, beards where the three lower petals join the center of the flower, and a single bottom petal with a slight indentation.
Stem rot, also known as pansy sickness, is a soil-borne fungus and a possible hazard with unsterilized animal manure. The plant may collapse without warning in the middle of the season. The foliage will flag and lose color. Flowers will fade and shrivel prematurely. Stem will snap at the soil line if tugged slightly. The plant is probably a total loss unless tufted. The treatment of stem rot, includes the use of fungicides such as Cheshunt or Benomyl , which are used prior to planting. Infected plants are destroyed (burned) to prevent the spread of the pathogen to other plants.
The plant should be watered every other day, and watering should never be missed for more than three days. The plant should never be over watered.
Leaf spot (Ramularia deflectens) is a fungal infection. Symptoms include dark spots on leaf margins followed by a white web covering the leaves. It is associated with cool damp springs.
Mildew (Oidium) is a fungal infection. Symptoms include violet-gray powder on fringes and underside of leaves. It is caused by stagnant air and can be limited but not necessarily eliminated by spraying (especially leaf undersides).
The cucumber mosaic virus is transmitted by aphids. Pansies with the virus have fine yellow veining on young leaves, stunted growth and anomalous flowers. The virus can lay dormant, affect the entire plant and be passed to next generations and to other species. Prevention is key: purchases should consist entirely of healthy plants, and pH-balanced soil should be used which is neither too damp nor too dry. The soil should have balanced amounts of nitrogen, phosphate and potash. Other diseases which may weaken the plant should be eliminated.
To ward off slugs and snails, sharp, gritty sand can be laid, or the soil can be top-dressed with chipped bark. The area should be kept clean of leaves and foreign matter, etc. Beer in little bowls buried to the rims in the flower beds will also keep slugs and snails at bay.
To combat aphids, which spread the cucumber mosaic virus, the treatment is to spray with diluted soft soap (2 ounces per gallon).
Mural entitled "The Messenger" by @jdlstreetart seen at 2401 NW 5th Avenue in Miami, Florida.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
Entitled: (Front view) Example Of A Coiffure On A Tartar Or Manchu Female, who is wearing a long sleeved quilted garment. The hair is wrapped around a flat strip of wood. Peking, Pechili Province, China [1869] J Thomson [RESTORED] Extensive repair work to the sleeves and face, the background was simply stripped, adjustments in contrast and tonality.
Here's another John Thomson classic (albeit with extensive restoration), found again within Wellcome's fantastic collection of his work. Thomson has continued to enthrall people after a century; his work has recently returned to China, where many Chinese for the first time are seeing the essence of their forebears through his eternal artistry. Wellcome's Thomson collection can be found here:
library.wellcome.ac.uk/node267.html
This girl actually appeared in several of Thomson's pictures. It was apparent that he spent some time in photographing a team of Manchu models both in their natural surrounds and in front of a portable backdrop. In essence my personal suspicion is that his process was remarkably similar to a modern day photo shoot. Of course, he didn't have electronic flashes or digital film, but instead had to look under a dark cloth at an upside down reversed image on a dim matte glass plate. Photography in those days was genuinely a monumental undertaking.
As a amateur historian, I know that retouching is a blatant taboo. However, as a photographer and artist looking at a beautiful girl, I found the urge to clean up the image too much to resist. I started simply wanting to remove the big smudge off her forehead, and before I knew it, I was already reconstructing her sleeves, LOL...
The original unretouched image can be seen here:
www.flickr.com/photos/ralphrepo_photolog/3974179434/
Imagine that; being captivated and enthralled by a woman that's probably been dead for over a century. I guess some beauty is indeed timeless.
Entitled Chinese punishment, whipping a lawbreaker [c1900] Attribution Unknown [RESTORED]. The photograph was cleaned of defects, and had contrast and tone adjusted.
"But first, ...thirty stokes with the big paddle!!!" is often heard on Chinese period dramas, ostensibly depicting how the Qing courts of yesteryear meted out punishment, or how judges "encourage" criminal confessions. Bastinado (also Bastinade, Bastinada - an alteration of the Spanish 'Baston' meaning 'stick') is a description of the whipping, flogging, paddling, or caning of a person's feet or legs; but can also include the buttocks; while the accused are held supine on the ground or face down across a punishment rack. Used for centuries around the world, this too, was one of the many corporal punishment techniques that the Qing routinely dealt out in order to maintain civil obedience.
The Bastinadoist (ie the one who delivers the repeated blows) is generally someone who is specially trained to inflict slow but grinding punishment, even up to the point of death after many hours of torturous paddling. The technique was readily described and amply pictured in various prints that detailed Chinese culture to Europeans.
Mural entitled "A Vapor" by Noé Barnett aka @nb.artistry, seen at 2201 NW 1st Avenue in the Overtown area of Miami, Florida.
The artist states: "This wall, like all of my current work, is centered around the fragile nature of life and in essence is a memento mori. A reminder that we will all die and a hopeful message to remind the viewer to live life to its fullest in the present. Light and Life are my two main muses The life element is an obvious one. But the light is a bit more cryptic. The text “A VAPOR” was inspired by James 4:14 and only shows up under the cover of darkness, with a direct light, such as a camera flash or flash light shone at it. You’re literally forced to shine a light in the darkness, in order to see the message. This is a method of working that I will hopefully continue to push, and I have so many ideas on how to do so in the upcoming year."
Drone photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
Mural entitled "Rise" designed by Chuck Tingley for Artworks Cincinnati seen at 1919 Elm Street in Cincinnati, Ohio. This mural was created in partnership with Cincinnati’s Rhinegeist Brewery and showcases the beauty of the brewing process.
Drone photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
Mural entitled "La Muerte no Acaba Nada" by José Garcia Cordero, seen at 228 NE 59th Street in the Little Haiti area of Miami, Florida.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
The second photograph in the series is entitled “The Fourth of May” and is based upon Francisco Goya’s The Third of May. Goya’s painting commemorates the Spanish resistance to Napoleon’s armies during the Peninsular War of 1808. It was during this time; 1804-1814, that Napoleon’s official title was “Emperor of the French”. In many ways, Napoleon and the French could be compared to the Emperor and the Empire from the Star War universe; similarly, the people of Spain could just as easily be seen as the Rebels; both resisting an imposed authority.
In my recreation, I have chosen to replace the Spanish civilians; the resistance, with Owen Lars and Beru Whitesun; more commonly known as Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru. Although it was not depicted in "A New Hope", it is my belief that Uncle Owen and Aunt Beru fought bravely to protect their adopted son; Luke, as well as his newly purchased droids from the Empire. Similarly, the people of Spain resisted against the Napoleonic armies by ambushing and sabotaging them in every way imaginable. The Rebels approach against the Empire was very similar. By using guerrilla warfare strategies, they became the itch that the Empire could not scratch. In Goya’s original, the French army has been set up as a firing squad on the right side of the painting; perhaps this was symbolic of the French invading Spain from the East? In my recreation, Napoleon’s firing squad has been replaced with an Imperial firing squad of Sandtroopers.
The content of Goya’s painting has been considered groundbreaking by many art historians as it diverges from traditional Christian art as well as the traditional depiction of war. Goya’s positioning of characters, scenery choice as well as the story behind the painting has allowed it to be the influence behind the second tableau in my retelling of A New Hope, The Empire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi. It should also be noted that Goya’s “The Third of May” has also bee said to be the first painting of its kind and is acknowledged as one of the first paintings of the modern era.
Enjoy!
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Visit our Cast of Star Wars Characters at www.365DaysofClones.com.
I recently went to the Montreal Museum of Fine Arts. I finished my visit with French artist Céleste Boursier-Mougenot’s living and ephemeral work entitled “From here to ear”. You may have seen it elsewhere in the world, this is version number 19. It is however, billed as the largest one and is specific to the space of the Museum’s Contemporary Art Square.
To describe it shortly, the space is transformed into a busy aviary for birds. They perch on guitars laying horizontally on stands throughout the room. There are walkways for the visitors. The sounds the birds produce by moving around the strings are processed and slightly delayed to create something like ambient music.
This exhibition is well publicized. There is a full explanation by the artist on video on the MBAM’s web and loads of photos on the Web. I’m kind of jealous of the people who fumble on this installation without any preliminary explanations and no pre-conceptions. Too much information dulls the impact. Once you have verified how the concept works, the main interest actually lies in the birds themselves.
They are zebra finches, a species originating from Australia.
There was however one bird I couldn’t identify. As I walked in the space I noticed a woman seated on the ground with a friend. They were both soaking up this environment. I would say they were observing the people’s reactions as much as the birds.
At first, I thought one of the birds had quietly landed on the lady’s head. I approached them and we spoke briefly. I learned her name is Andrea and he is named Adam. Andrea had a very special coiffure. Her hair was arranged in the shape of a nest held together with the tip of a branch from a Christmas tree and some bit of cedar. The bird was a decoration.
They agreed to have their portraits taken. I let them enjoy the installation and waited until they were done before I took a few shots.
Andrea is from Montreal and has studied architecture and urban design. From what I understand, a lot her work concerns public spaces and how humans interact and is often of temporary or conceptual nature. She is something like an urbanist / social activist and had recently came back from abroad where she had work on collective projects. Montreal is her home, laboratory and playground.
She told me that in 2014 she participated to a temporary installation aimed at giving Christmas trees a second life.
I was a bit ruffled that photography was prohibited in the Contemporary Art Space but it may have been a saving grace. I would have likely tried to get the guitars, the birds and the visitors in Andrea’s portrait to give the context. Instead, since we had to go to another room, you get a portrait of an elegant woman with only a blurry trace of Tom Wesselman’s “Quick sketch from a train (Italy) No. 2” to give away the location.
Her Friend, Adam, is a visual artist. His portrait will follow Andrea’s.
www.mbam.qc.ca/en/exhibitions/on-view/celeste-boursier-mo...
This photo is part of my 100 strangers project. Find out more about the project and see pictures taken by other photographers at the 100 Strangers Flickr Group page www.flickr.com/groups/100strangers/
Je suis récemment allé au Musée des beaux-arts de Montréal. J’y ai terminé ma visite au Carré d’art contemporain pour voir l’œuvre de l’artiste français Céleste Boursier-Mougenot. Il s’agit d’une installation vivante et éphémère intitulée «From here to ear". Vous l’avez peut-être vu ailleurs dans le monde. C’est la dix-neuvième version de ce projet. Elle est toutefois présentée comme la plus grande et est spécifique à la salle du Carré d’art contemporain du Musée.
Pour décrire le tout brièvement, l'espace est transformé en volière occupé pour les oiseaux. Ils se perchent sur des guitares posées horizontalement sur des stands répartis dans la pièce. Des allées sont tracées pour les visiteurs. Les sons que les oiseaux produisent en se déplaçant sur les cordes sont traités et légèrement déphasés pour générer une musique ambiante.
Cette exposition a reçu une bonne publicité. Il y a une explication complète de l'artiste en vidéo sur le web du MBAM et beaucoup de photos en ligne. Je suis un peu jaloux des gens qui tombent sur cette installation sans explications préliminaires et aucunes préconceptions. Trop d'information en émousse l'impact. Une fois que vous avez vérifié comment le concept fonctionne, le principal intérêt réside en fait dans les oiseaux eux-mêmes.
Ce sont des diamants mandarins, une espèce de pinsons originaires d'Australie.
Il y avait cependant un oiseau que je ne pouvais pas identifier. Au moment où je suis entré dans cet espace, j’ai remarquai une femme assise sur le sol avec un ami. Ils semblaient tous deux absorber cet environnement. Je dirais qu'ils observaient les réactions des personnes autant que les oiseaux.
Au début, je pensais que l'un des oiseaux avait discrètement atterri sur la tête de la dame. Je les ai abordés et nous avons parlé brièvement. J’ai appris que son nom est Andrea et que lui se nomme Adam. Andrea avait une coiffure très spéciale. Une partie de ses cheveux épousaient la forme d'un nid tenu en place avec l'extrémité d'une branche d'un arbre de Noël et un peu de celle d’un cèdre. L'oiseau était une décoration.
Ils ont accepté que je prenne des photos d’eux. Je les ai cependant laissés profiter de l'installation et attendus jusqu'à ce qu'ils aient terminé leur visite avant de faire leurs portraits.
Andrea est originaire de Montréal et a étudié l'architecture et le design urbain. De ce que je comprends, une bonne partie de sa pratique concerne les espaces publics et la façon dont les humains interagissent et est souvent de nature temporaire ou conceptuelle. Je pourrais la décrire comme une urbaniste et militante sociale. Andréa était avait récemment revenue de l'étranger où elle avait participé à des projets collectifs. Montréal est son chez soi, son laboratoire et son terrain de jeux.
Elle m'a dit qu'en 2014 elle a contribué à réaliser une installation temporaire visant à donner aux arbres de Noël une seconde vie.
J’étais un peu dépité que la photographie soit interdite dans le Carré d’art contemporain. C’était cependant un mal pour un bien. J’aurais probablement essayé d’incorporer les guitares, les oiseaux et les visiteurs dans le portrait d'Andrea pour en indiquer le contexte. Au lieu de cela, puisque nous avons dû aller dans une autre pièce, vous obtenez un portrait d'une femme élégante avec seulement une trace floue de l’œuvre de Tom Wesselmann "Esquisse rapide d'un train (Italie) N ° 2" en arrière-plan pour trahir le lieu.
Son ami, Adam, est un artiste visuel.
Son portrait suivra celui d'Andrea.
www.mbam.qc.ca/expositions/a-laffiche/celeste-boursier-mo...
Cette photo fait partie de mon projet 100 Strangers (100 inconnus). Apprenez en plus sur ce type de projet et voyez les photos d’autres photographes à www.flickr.com/groups/100strangers/
Entitled: Jeunes Filles Chinoises (Young Chinese Girls), China [c1901] R Parison [RESTORED] I spotted out small defects, adjusted contrast, tone, and did some edge repair and corner reconstruction. I found this fantastic image on the site of Flickr user, P.Parison, and it is reposted here with his kind permission:
www.flickr.com/photos/31778725@N08/
The original image is here:
www.flickr.com/photos/31778725@N08/3086388659/
I don't speak French and Babelfish will only get you but so far. At any rate, it seems that one of his forebears was a soldier posted to China in the days of the foreign concessions and around the time immediately following the Boxer period. He has four high resolution scanned albums with very rare images that cannot be seen anywhere else. I would suggest that anyone who cares about old China photographs take the time to see his collection as (and I kid you not) his albums are of museum or auction house quality.
The above picture was from Parison's China album #4, with several others on the adjoining pages likely depicting brothels or activities thereof. I suspect that the girls above were prostitutes (one obviously quite young), several of which have bound feet.
Mural entitled "Kinoje" by Jaime Brown seen in Kenosha, Wisconsin.
The artist says it comes from the Ojibwe tribe’s word for “pike” and it was the original place name for Kenosha which came from the Indian traders and early adventurers on Lake Michigan. The Pike Creek ran through the area and a post office which was established at the creek in 1836.
Drone photo by James aka Urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee
Entitled: Bride On Her Way To Wedding, Fuzhou, Fujian, China [c1911-1913] by RG Gold Photograph was spotted, contrast added, scratches and other defects retouched out, and sepia tone added. Note: This particular photograph was also found in the collection of William Charles White (Anglican Bishop who served in China) and the Thomas Fisher Rare Books Library of the University of Toronto, instead attributes this photograph to him. They also cite the location therein as, "Hinghua, China." Hinghua was a prefecture of Fukien (modern day Fujian Province). See their link here: www.flickr.com/photos/thomasfisherlibrary/6234741199/in/s...
One of the undeniable silver linings to the religious missionary incursions into the Chinese interior is the fact that, if there was one thing these 'foreign devils' were good at, it was certainly photography. It is because of this that we have such a huge body of social photographs that, in all likelihood, never would have been taken at all. Granted, Chinese official photographers may have been hired for special government events (at government expense), but simple slice of life types of pictures like the one above, rarely would have occurred.
The University of Southern California's Internet Mission Archive, linked here:
digitallibrary.usc.edu/impa/controller/index.htm
...is a general repository for images that were taken by a wide range of sectarian religious missions around the world. A short description from their opening page:
"The Internet Mission Photography Archive offers historical images from Protestant and Catholic missionary collections in Britain, Norway, Germany, and the United States. The photographs, which range in time from the middle of the nineteenth to the middle of the twentieth century, offer a visual record of missionary activities and experiences in Africa, China, Madagascar, India, Papua-New Guinea, and the Caribbean. The photographs reveal the physical influence of missions, visible in mission compounds, churches, and school buildings, as well as the cultural impact of mission teaching, religious practices, and Western technology and fashions. Indigenous peoples' responses to missions and the emergence of indigenous churches are represented, as are views of landscapes, cities, and towns before and in the early stages of modern development."
When I first laid eyes on this picture, I was laughing so hard that my sides hurt. Then immediately afterwards, I felt really ashamed of myself. The basket was used to obscure the bride's face in lieu of a veil. It was customary to not allow anyone to see the bride until she was secure in her new husband's home.
Well, no one ever said that history can't be humorous along with it being educational.
Monument is a Tyne and Wear Metro station, serving the Monument area of the city of Newcastle upon Tyne in Tyne and Wear, England. It joined the network on 15 November 1981, following the opening of the third phase of the network, between Haymarket and Heworth. The station is named after Grey's Monument, which stands directly above it.
The station opened with services from the lower level platforms (1 and 2) commencing on 15 November 1981, when the line was extended south from the temporary terminus at Haymarket to Heworth.
The remaining two platforms on the upper level (3 and 4) opened when services between Tynemouth and St James via Wallsend commenced on 14 November 1982.
During construction, it was discovered that the column of Grey's Monument – the 41-metre (135-foot) statue, built in 1838, that sits above the railway line – had foundations less than 2 metres (6 feet 7 inches) deep. The engineers had to build better supports for the monument.
The ticket hall has a number of exits, including into the Fenwick department store, Eldon Square, Blackett Street and Grey Street.
The ticket hall additionally contains its own shops including a branch of Sainsbury's Local. The station previously housed a Nexus TravelShop which closed in 2015. In 2019 work was underway to convert the former TravelShop into the country's first underground bar, The Waypoint.
As of April 2021, services operate at the following frequency:
Platform 1 and 2 are served by up to ten trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to eight trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday. Additional services operate between Pelaw and Benton, Monkseaton, Regent Centre or South Gosforth at peak times.
Platform 3 and 4 are served by up to five trains per hour on weekdays and Saturday, and up to four trains per hour during the evening and on Sunday.
Rolling stock used: Class 599 Metrocar
As of April 2021, it is one of only three stations in the world where the same line passes through the same station twice in a pretzel configuration. Other stations using this layout are Voorweg on the RandstadRail network in The Hague, Netherlands, and Serdika and Serdika II on the Sofia Metro in Sofia, Bulgaria. A similar layout also existed on the Vancouver SkyTrain in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada at Commercial–Broadway between 2002 and 2016.
Trains departing from platform 1 and platform 3 both state South Shields as their destination. However, trains from platform 3 they must first complete an anti-clockwise circuit, running via Wallsend, Whitley Bay and South Gosforth. The journey time to South Shields is considerably shorter when departing from platform 1 (28 minutes), rather than platform 3 (82 minutes).
The station features some art installations. By one of the entrances is a mural, Famous Faces, created by Bob Olley. It features a number of famous people from the North East, looking out of the window of a train. This is mentioned on the song By the Monument by the band Maxïmo Park, who grew up in the area.
Outside the station, a simple ventilation shaft has been disguised by Parsons Polygon. Created by David Hamilton as a tribute to Sir Charles Parsons. It is made from clay and features abstract designs based on Parsons' engineering drawings. There are also some designs based on circuitry which have been sand-blasted into the walls and paving of the entrances to the station. This was installed in 2002 and is entitled Circuit. It was created by Richard Cole.
Newcastle upon Tyne, or simply Newcastle is a cathedral city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. It is located on the River Tyne's northern bank, opposite Gateshead to the south. It is the most populous settlement in the Tyneside conurbation and North East England.
Newcastle developed around a Roman settlement called Pons Aelius, the settlement became known as Monkchester before taking on the name of a castle built in 1080 by William the Conqueror's eldest son, Robert Curthose. It was one of the world's largest ship building and repair centres during the industrial revolution. Newcastle was part of the county of Northumberland until 1400, when it separated and formed a county of itself. In 1974, Newcastle became part of Tyne and Wear. Since 2018, the city council has been part of the North of Tyne Combined Authority.
The history of Newcastle upon Tyne dates back almost 2,000 years, during which it has been controlled by the Romans, the Angles and the Norsemen amongst others. Newcastle upon Tyne was originally known by its Roman name Pons Aelius. The name "Newcastle" has been used since the Norman conquest of England. Due to its prime location on the River Tyne, the town developed greatly during the Middle Ages and it was to play a major role in the Industrial Revolution, being granted city status in 1882. Today, the city is a major retail, commercial and cultural centre.
Roman settlement
The history of Newcastle dates from AD 122, when the Romans built the first bridge to cross the River Tyne at that point. The bridge was called Pons Aelius or 'Bridge of Aelius', Aelius being the family name of Roman Emperor Hadrian, who was responsible for the Roman wall built across northern England along the Tyne–Solway gap. Hadrian's Wall ran through present-day Newcastle, with stretches of wall and turrets visible along the West Road, and at a temple in Benwell. Traces of a milecastle were found on Westgate Road, midway between Clayton Street and Grainger Street, and it is likely that the course of the wall corresponded to present-day Westgate Road. The course of the wall can be traced eastwards to the Segedunum Roman fort at Wallsend, with the fort of Arbeia down-river at the mouth of the Tyne, on the south bank in what is now South Shields. The Tyne was then a wider, shallower river at this point and it is thought that the bridge was probably about 700 feet (210 m) long, made of wood and supported on stone piers. It is probable that it was sited near the current Swing Bridge, due to the fact that Roman artefacts were found there during the building of the latter bridge. Hadrian himself probably visited the site in 122. A shrine was set up on the completed bridge in 123 by the 6th Legion, with two altars to Neptune and Oceanus respectively. The two altars were subsequently found in the river and are on display in the Great North Museum in Newcastle.
The Romans built a stone-walled fort in 150 to protect the river crossing which was at the foot of the Tyne Gorge, and this took the name of the bridge so that the whole settlement was known as Pons Aelius. The fort was situated on a rocky outcrop overlooking the new bridge, on the site of the present Castle Keep. Pons Aelius is last mentioned in 400, in a Roman document listing all of the Roman military outposts. It is likely that nestling in the shadow of the fort would have been a small vicus, or village. Unfortunately, no buildings have been detected; only a few pieces of flagging. It is clear that there was a Roman cemetery near Clavering Place, behind the Central station, as a number of Roman coffins and sarcophagi have been unearthed there.
Despite the presence of the bridge, the settlement of Pons Aelius was not particularly important among the northern Roman settlements. The most important stations were those on the highway of Dere Street running from Eboracum (York) through Corstopitum (Corbridge) and to the lands north of the Wall. Corstopitum, being a major arsenal and supply centre, was much larger and more populous than Pons Aelius.
Anglo-Saxon development
The Angles arrived in the North-East of England in about 500 and may have landed on the Tyne. There is no evidence of an Anglo-Saxon settlement on or near the site of Pons Aelius during the Anglo-Saxon age. The bridge probably survived and there may well have been a small village at the northern end, but no evidence survives. At that time the region was dominated by two kingdoms, Bernicia, north of the Tees and ruled from Bamburgh, and Deira, south of the Tees and ruled from York. Bernicia and Deira combined to form the kingdom of Northanhymbra (Northumbria) early in the 7th century. There were three local kings who held the title of Bretwalda – 'Lord of Britain', Edwin of Deira (627–632), Oswald of Bernicia (633–641) and Oswy of Northumbria (641–658). The 7th century became known as the 'Golden Age of Northumbria', when the area was a beacon of culture and learning in Europe. The greatness of this period was based on its generally Christian culture and resulted in the Lindisfarne Gospels amongst other treasures. The Tyne valley was dotted with monasteries, with those at Monkwearmouth, Hexham and Jarrow being the most famous. Bede, who was based at Jarrow, wrote of a royal estate, known as Ad Murum, 'at the Wall', 12 miles (19 km) from the sea. It is thought that this estate may have been in what is now Newcastle. At some unknown time, the site of Newcastle came to be known as Monkchester. The reason for this title is unknown, as we are unaware of any specific monasteries at the site, and Bede made no reference to it. In 875 Halfdan Ragnarsson, the Danish Viking conqueror of York, led an army that attacked and pillaged various monasteries in the area, and it is thought that Monkchester was also pillaged at this time. Little more was heard of it until the coming of the Normans.
Norman period
After the arrival of William the Conqueror in England in 1066, the whole of England was quickly subjected to Norman rule. However, in Northumbria there was great resistance to the Normans, and in 1069 the newly appointed Norman Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Comines and 700 of his men were killed by the local population at Durham. The Northumbrians then marched on York, but William was able to suppress the uprising. That same year, a second uprising occurred when a Danish fleet landed in the Humber. The Northumbrians again attacked York and destroyed the garrison there. William was again able to suppress the uprising, but this time he took revenge. He laid waste to the whole of the Midlands and the land from York to the Tees. In 1080, William Walcher, the Norman bishop of Durham and his followers were brutally murdered at Gateshead. This time Odo, bishop of Bayeux, William's half brother, devastated the land between the Tees and the Tweed. This was known as the 'Harrying of the North'. This devastation is reflected in the Domesday Book. The destruction had such an effect that the North remained poor and backward at least until Tudor times and perhaps until the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle suffered in this respect with the rest of the North.
In 1080 William sent his eldest son, Robert Curthose, north to defend the kingdom against the Scots. After his campaign, he moved to Monkchester and began the building of a 'New Castle'. This was of the "motte-and-bailey" type of construction, a wooden tower on top of an earthen mound (motte), surrounded by a moat and wooden stockade (bailey). It was this castle that gave Newcastle its name. In 1095 the Earl of Northumbria, Robert de Mowbray, rose up against the king, William Rufus, and Rufus sent an army north to recapture the castle. From then on the castle became crown property and was an important base from which the king could control the northern barons. The Northumbrian earldom was abolished and a Sheriff of Northumberland was appointed to administer the region. In 1091 the parish church of St Nicholas was consecrated on the site of the present Anglican cathedral, close by the bailey of the new castle. The church is believed to have been a wooden building on stone footings.
Not a trace of the tower or mound of the motte and bailey castle remains now. Henry II replaced it with a rectangular stone keep, which was built between 1172 and 1177 at a cost of £1,444. A stone bailey, in the form of a triangle, replaced the previous wooden one. The great outer gateway to the castle, called 'the Black Gate', was built later, between 1247 and 1250, in the reign of Henry III. There were at that time no town walls and when attacked by the Scots, the townspeople had to crowd into the bailey for safety. It is probable that the new castle acted as a magnet for local merchants because of the safety it provided. This in turn would help to expand trade in the town. At this time wool, skins and lead were being exported, whilst alum, pepper and ginger were being imported from France and Flanders.
Middle Ages
Throughout the Middle Ages, Newcastle was England's northern fortress, the centre for assembled armies. The Border war against Scotland lasted intermittently for several centuries – possibly the longest border war ever waged. During the civil war between Stephen and Matilda, David 1st of Scotland and his son were granted Cumbria and Northumberland respectively, so that for a period from 1139 to 1157, Newcastle was effectively in Scottish hands. It is believed that during this period, King David may have built the church of St Andrew and the Benedictine nunnery in Newcastle. However, King Stephen's successor, Henry II was strong enough to take back the Earldom of Northumbria from Malcolm IV.
The Scots king William the Lion was imprisoned in Newcastle, in 1174, after being captured at the Battle of Alnwick. Edward I brought the Stone of Scone and William Wallace south through the town and Newcastle was successfully defended against the Scots three times during the 14th century.
Around 1200, stone-faced, clay-filled jetties were starting to project into the river, an indication that trade was increasing in Newcastle. As the Roman roads continued to deteriorate, sea travel was gaining in importance. By 1275 Newcastle was the sixth largest wool exporting port in England. The principal exports at this time were wool, timber, coal, millstones, dairy produce, fish, salt and hides. Much of the developing trade was with the Baltic countries and Germany. Most of the Newcastle merchants were situated near the river, below the Castle. The earliest known charter was dated 1175 in the reign of Henry II, giving the townspeople some control over their town. In 1216 King John granted Newcastle a mayor[8] and also allowed the formation of guilds (known as Mysteries). These were cartels formed within different trades, which restricted trade to guild members. There were initially twelve guilds. Coal was being exported from Newcastle by 1250, and by 1350 the burgesses received a royal licence to export coal. This licence to export coal was jealously guarded by the Newcastle burgesses, and they tried to prevent any one else on the Tyne from exporting coal except through Newcastle. The burgesses similarly tried to prevent fish from being sold anywhere else on the Tyne except Newcastle. This led to conflicts with Gateshead and South Shields.
In 1265, the town was granted permission to impose a 'Wall Tax' or Murage, to pay for the construction of a fortified wall to enclose the town and protect it from Scottish invaders. The town walls were not completed until early in the 14th century. They were two miles (3 km) long, 9 feet (2.7 m) thick and 25 feet (7.6 m) high. They had six main gates, as well as some smaller gates, and had 17 towers. The land within the walls was divided almost equally by the Lort Burn, which flowed southwards and joined the Tyne to the east of the Castle. The town began to expand north of the Castle and west of the Lort Burn with various markets being set up within the walls.
In 1400 Henry IV granted a new charter, creating a County corporate which separated the town, but not the Castle, from the county of Northumberland and recognised it as a "county of itself" with a right to have a sheriff of its own. The burgesses were now allowed to choose six aldermen who, with the mayor would be justices of the peace. The mayor and sheriff were allowed to hold borough courts in the Guildhall.
Religious houses
During the Middle Ages a number of religious houses were established within the walls: the first of these was the Benedictine nunnery of St Bartholomew founded in 1086 near the present-day Nun Street. Both David I of Scotland and Henry I of England were benefactors of the religious house. Nothing of the nunnery remains now.
The friary of Blackfriars, Newcastle (Dominican) was established in 1239. These were also known as the Preaching Friars or Shod Friars, because they wore sandals, as opposed to other orders. The friary was situated in the present-day Friars Street. In 1280 the order was granted royal permission to make a postern in the town walls to communicate with their gardens outside the walls. On 19 June 1334, Edward Balliol, claimant to be King of Scotland, did homage to King Edward III, on behalf of the kingdom of Scotland, in the church of the friary. Much of the original buildings of the friary still exist, mainly because, after the Dissolution of the Monasteries the friary of Blackfriars was rented out by the corporation to nine of the local trade guilds.
The friary of Whitefriars (Carmelite) was established in 1262. The order was originally housed on the Wall Knoll in Pandon, but in 1307 it took over the buildings of another order, which went out of existence, the Friars of the Sac. The land, which had originally been given by Robert the Bruce, was situated in the present-day Hanover Square, behind the Central station. Nothing of the friary remains now.
The friary of Austinfriars (Augustinian) was established in 1290. The friary was on the site where the Holy Jesus Hospital was built in 1682. The friary was traditionally the lodging place of English kings whenever they visited or passed through Newcastle. In 1503 Princess Margaret, eldest daughter of Henry VII of England, stayed two days at the friary on her way to join her new husband James IV of Scotland.
The friary of Greyfriars (Franciscans) was established in 1274. The friary was in the present-day area between Pilgrim Street, Grey Street, Market Street and High Chare. Nothing of the original buildings remains.
The friary of the Order of the Holy Trinity, also known as the Trinitarians, was established in 1360. The order devoted a third of its income to buying back captives of the Saracens, during the Crusades. Their house was on the Wall Knoll, in Pandon, to the east of the city, but within the walls. Wall Knoll had previously been occupied by the White Friars until they moved to new premises in 1307.
All of the above religious houses were closed in about 1540, when Henry VIII dissolved the monasteries.
An important street running through Newcastle at the time was Pilgrim Street, running northwards inside the walls and leading to the Pilgrim Gate on the north wall. The street still exists today as arguably Newcastle's main shopping street.
Tudor period
The Scottish border wars continued for much of the 16th century, so that during that time, Newcastle was often threatened with invasion by the Scots, but also remained important as a border stronghold against them.
During the Reformation begun by Henry VIII in 1536, the five Newcastle friaries and the single nunnery were dissolved and the land was sold to the Corporation and to rich merchants. At this time there were fewer than 60 inmates of the religious houses in Newcastle. The convent of Blackfriars was leased to nine craft guilds to be used as their headquarters. This probably explains why it is the only one of the religious houses whose building survives to the present day. The priories at Tynemouth and Durham were also dissolved, thus ending the long-running rivalry between Newcastle and the church for control of trade on the Tyne. A little later, the property of the nunnery of St Bartholomew and of Grey Friars were bought by Robert Anderson, who had the buildings demolished to build his grand Newe House (also known as Anderson Place).
With the gradual decline of the Scottish border wars the town walls were allowed to decline as well as the castle. By 1547, about 10,000 people were living in Newcastle. At the beginning of the 16th century exports of wool from Newcastle were more than twice the value of exports of coal, but during the century coal exports continued to increase.
Under Edward VI, John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, sponsored an act allowing Newcastle to annexe Gateshead as its suburb. The main reason for this was to allow the Newcastle Hostmen, who controlled the export of Tyne coal, to get their hands on the Gateshead coal mines, previously controlled by the Bishop of Durham. However, when Mary I came to power, Dudley met his downfall and the decision was reversed. The Reformation allowed private access to coal mines previously owned by Tynemouth and Durham priories and as a result coal exports increase dramatically, from 15,000 tons in 1500 to 35,000 tons in 1565, and to 400,000 tons in 1625.
The plague visited Newcastle four times during the 16th century, in 1579 when 2,000 people died, in 1589 when 1700 died, in 1595 and finally in 1597.
In 1600 Elizabeth I granted Newcastle a charter for an exclusive body of electors, the right to elect the mayor and burgesses. The charter also gave the Hostmen exclusive rights to load coal at any point on the Tyne. The Hostmen developed as an exclusive group within the Merchant Adventurers who had been incorporated by a charter in 1547.
Stuart period
In 1636 there was a serious outbreak of bubonic plague in Newcastle. There had been several previous outbreaks of the disease over the years, but this was the most serious. It is thought to have arrived from the Netherlands via ships that were trading between the Tyne and that country. It first appeared in the lower part of the town near the docks but gradually spread to all parts of the town. As the disease gained hold the authorities took measures to control it by boarding up any properties that contained infected persons, meaning that whole families were locked up together with the infected family members. Other infected persons were put in huts outside the town walls and left to die. Plague pits were dug next to the town's four churches and outside the town walls to receive the bodies in mass burials. Over the course of the outbreak 5,631 deaths were recorded out of an estimated population of 12,000, a death rate of 47%.
In 1637 Charles I tried to raise money by doubling the 'voluntary' tax on coal in return for allowing the Newcastle Hostmen to regulate production and fix prices. This caused outrage amongst the London importers and the East Anglian shippers. Both groups decided to boycott Tyne coal and as a result forced Charles to reverse his decision in 1638.
In 1640 during the Second Bishops' War, the Scots successfully invaded Newcastle. The occupying army demanded £850 per day from the Corporation to billet the Scottish troops. Trade from the Tyne ground to a halt during the occupation. The Scots left in 1641 after receiving a Parliamentary pardon and a £4,000,000 loan from the town.
In 1642 the English Civil War began. King Charles realised the value of the Tyne coal trade and therefore garrisoned Newcastle. A Royalist was appointed as governor. At that time, Newcastle and King's Lynn were the only important seaports to support the crown. In 1644 Parliament blockaded the Tyne to prevent the king from receiving revenue from the Tyne coal trade. Coal exports fell from 450,000 to 3,000 tons and London suffered a hard winter without fuel. Parliament encouraged the coal trade from the Wear to try to replace that lost from Newcastle but that was not enough to make up for the lost Tyneside tonnage.
In 1644 the Scots crossed the border. Newcastle strengthened its defences in preparation. The Scottish army, with 40,000 troops, besieged Newcastle for three months until the garrison of 1,500 surrendered. During the siege, the Scots bombarded the walls with their artillery, situated in Gateshead and Castle Leazes. The Scottish commander threatened to destroy the steeple of St Nicholas's Church by gunfire if the mayor, Sir John Marley, did not surrender the town. The mayor responded by placing Scottish prisoners that they had captured in the steeple, so saving it from destruction. The town walls were finally breached by a combination of artillery and sapping. In gratitude for this defence, Charles gave Newcastle the motto 'Fortiter Defendit Triumphans' to be added to its coat of arms. The Scottish army occupied Northumberland and Durham for two years. The coal taxes had to pay for the Scottish occupation. In 1645 Charles surrendered to the Scots and was imprisoned in Newcastle for nine months. After the Civil War the coal trade on the Tyne soon picked up and exceeded its pre-war levels.
A new Guildhall was completed on the Sandhill next to the river in 1655, replacing an earlier facility damaged by fire in 1639, and became the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council. In 1681 the Hospital of the Holy Jesus was built partly on the site of the Austin Friars. The Guildhall and Holy Jesus Hospital still exist.
Charles II tried to impose a charter on Newcastle to give the king the right to appoint the mayor, sheriff, recorder and town clerk. Charles died before the charter came into effect. In 1685, James II tried to replace Corporation members with named Catholics. However, James' mandate was suspended in 1689 after the Glorious Revolution welcoming William of Orange. In 1689, after the fall of James II, the people of Newcastle tore down his bronze equestrian statue in Sandhill and tossed it into the Tyne. The bronze was later used to make bells for All Saints Church.
In 1689 the Lort Burn was covered over. At this time it was an open sewer. The channel followed by the Lort Burn became the present day Dean Street. At that time, the centre of Newcastle was still the Sandhill area, with many merchants living along the Close or on the Side. The path of the main road through Newcastle ran from the single Tyne bridge, through Sandhill to the Side, a narrow street which climbed steeply on the north-east side of the castle hill until it reached the higher ground alongside St Nicholas' Church. As Newcastle developed, the Side became lined with buildings with projecting upper stories, so that the main street through Newcastle was a narrow, congested, steep thoroughfare.
In 1701 the Keelmen's Hospital was built in the Sandgate area of the city, using funds provided by the keelmen. The building still stands today.
Eighteenth century
In the 18th century, Newcastle was the country's largest print centre after London, Oxford and Cambridge, and the Literary and Philosophical Society of 1793, with its erudite debates and large stock of books in several languages predated the London Library by half a century.
In 1715, during the Jacobite rising in favour of the Old Pretender, an army of Jacobite supporters marched on Newcastle. Many of the Northumbrian gentry joined the rebels. The citizens prepared for its arrival by arresting Jacobite supporters and accepting 700 extra recruits into the local militia. The gates of the city were closed against the rebels. This proved enough to delay an attack until reinforcements arrived forcing the rebel army to move across to the west coast. The rebels finally surrendered at Preston.
In 1745, during a second Jacobite rising in favour of the Young Pretender, a Scottish army crossed the border led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. Once again Newcastle prepared by arresting Jacobite supporters and inducting 800 volunteers into the local militia. The town walls were strengthened, most of the gates were blocked up and some 200 cannon were deployed. 20,000 regulars were billeted on the Town Moor. These preparations were enough to force the rebel army to travel south via the west coast. They were eventually defeated at Culloden in 1746.
Newcastle's actions during the 1715 rising in resisting the rebels and declaring for George I, in contrast to the rest of the region, is the most likely source of the nickname 'Geordie', applied to people from Tyneside, or more accurately Newcastle. Another theory, however, is that the name 'Geordie' came from the inventor of the Geordie lamp, George Stephenson. It was a type of safety lamp used in mining, but was not invented until 1815. Apparently the term 'German Geordie' was in common use during the 18th century.
The city's first hospital, Newcastle Infirmary opened in 1753; it was funded by public subscription. A lying-in hospital was established in Newcastle in 1760. The city's first public hospital for mentally ill patients, Wardens Close Lunatic Hospital was opened in October 1767.
In 1771 a flood swept away much of the bridge at Newcastle. The bridge had been built in 1250 and repaired after a flood in 1339. The bridge supported various houses and three towers and an old chapel. A blue stone was placed in the middle of the bridge to mark the boundary between Newcastle and the Palatinate of Durham. A temporary wooden bridge had to be built, and this remained in use until 1781, when a new stone bridge was completed. The new bridge consisted of nine arches. In 1801, because of the pressure of traffic, the bridge had to be widened.
A permanent military presence was established in the city with the completion of Fenham Barracks in 1806. The facilities at the Castle for holding assizes, which had been condemned for their inconvenience and unhealthiness, were replaced when the Moot Hall opened in August 1812.
Victorian period
Present-day Newcastle owes much of its architecture to the work of the builder Richard Grainger, aided by architects John Dobson, Thomas Oliver, John and Benjamin Green and others. In 1834 Grainger won a competition to produce a new plan for central Newcastle. He put this plan into effect using the above architects as well as architects employed in his own office. Grainger and Oliver had already built Leazes Terrace, Leazes Crescent and Leazes Place between 1829 and 1834. Grainger and Dobson had also built the Royal Arcade at the foot of Pilgrim Street between 1830 and 1832. The most ambitious project covered 12 acres 12 acres (49,000 m2) in central Newcastle, on the site of Newe House (also called Anderson Place). Grainger built three new thoroughfares, Grey Street, Grainger Street and Clayton Street with many connecting streets, as well as the Central Exchange and the Grainger Market. John Wardle and George Walker, working in Grainger's office, designed Clayton Street, Grainger Street and most of Grey Street. Dobson designed the Grainger Market and much of the east side of Grey Street. John and Benjamin Green designed the Theatre Royal at the top of Grey Street, where Grainger placed the column of Grey's Monument as a focus for the whole scheme. Grey Street is considered to be one of the finest streets in the country, with its elegant curve. Unfortunately most of old Eldon Square was demolished in the 1960s in the name of progress. The Royal Arcade met a similar fate.
In 1849 a new bridge was built across the river at Newcastle. This was the High Level Bridge, designed by Robert Stephenson, and slightly up river from the existing bridge. The bridge was designed to carry road and rail traffic across the Tyne Gorge on two decks with rail traffic on the upper deck and road traffic on the lower. The new bridge meant that traffic could pass through Newcastle without having to negotiate the steep, narrow Side, as had been necessary for centuries. The bridge was opened by Queen Victoria, who one year later opened the new Central Station, designed by John Dobson. Trains were now able to cross the river, directly into the centre of Newcastle and carry on up to Scotland. The Army Riding School was also completed in 1849.
In 1854 a large fire started on the Gateshead quayside and an explosion caused it to spread across the river to the Newcastle quayside. A huge conflagration amongst the narrow alleys, or 'chares', destroyed the homes of 800 families as well as many business premises. The narrow alleys that had been destroyed were replaced by streets containing blocks of modern offices.
In 1863 the Town Hall in St Nicholas Square replaced the Guildhall as the meeting place of Newcastle Town Council.
In 1876 the low level bridge was replaced by a new bridge known as the Swing Bridge, so called because the bridge was able to swing horizontally on a central axis and allow ships to pass on either side. This meant that for the first time sizeable ships could pass up-river beyond Newcastle. The bridge was built and paid for by William Armstrong, a local arms manufacturer, who needed to have warships access his Elswick arms factory to fit armaments to them. The Swing Bridge's rotating mechanism is adapted from the cannon mounts developed in Armstrong's arms works. In 1882 the Elswick works began to build ships as well as to arm them. The Barrack Road drill hall was completed in 1890.
Industrialisation
In the 19th century, shipbuilding and heavy engineering were central to the city's prosperity; and the city was a powerhouse of the Industrial Revolution. Newcastle's development as a major city owed most to its central role in the production and export of coal. The phrase "taking coals to Newcastle" was first recorded in 1538; it proverbially denotes bringing a particular commodity to a place that has more than enough of it already.
Innovation in Newcastle and surrounding areas included the following:
George Stephenson developed a miner's safety lamp at the same time that Humphry Davy developed a rival design. The lamp made possible the opening up of ever deeper mines to provide the coal that powered the industrial revolution.
George and his son Robert Stephenson were hugely influential figures in the development of the early railways. George developed Blücher, a locomotive working at Killingworth colliery in 1814, whilst Robert was instrumental in the design of Rocket, a revolutionary design that was the forerunner of modern locomotives. Both men were involved in planning and building railway lines, all over this country and abroad.
Joseph Swan demonstrated a working electric light bulb about a year before Thomas Edison did the same in the USA. This led to a dispute as to who had actually invented the light bulb. Eventually the two rivals agreed to form a mutual company between them, the Edison and Swan Electric Light Company, known as Ediswan.
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine, for marine use and for power generation. He used Turbinia, a small, turbine-powered ship, to demonstrate the speed that a steam turbine could generate. Turbinia literally ran rings around the British Fleet at a review at Spithead in 1897.
William Armstrong invented a hydraulic crane that was installed in dockyards up and down the country. He then began to design light, accurate field guns for the British army. These were a vast improvement on the existing guns that were then in use.
The following major industries developed in Newcastle or its surrounding area:
Glassmaking
A small glass industry existed in Newcastle from the mid-15th century. In 1615 restrictions were put on the use of wood for manufacturing glass. It was found that glass could be manufactured using the local coal, and so a glassmaking industry grew up on Tyneside. Huguenot glassmakers came over from France as refugees from persecution and set up glasshouses in the Skinnerburn area of Newcastle. Eventually, glass production moved to the Ouseburn area of Newcastle. In 1684 the Dagnia family, Sephardic Jewish emigrants from Altare, arrived in Newcastle from Stourbridge and established glasshouses along the Close, to manufacture high quality flint glass. The glass manufacturers used sand ballast from the boats arriving in the river as the main raw material. The glassware was then exported in collier brigs. The period from 1730 to 1785 was the highpoint of Newcastle glass manufacture, when the local glassmakers produced the 'Newcastle Light Baluster'. The glassmaking industry still exists in the west end of the city with local Artist and Glassmaker Jane Charles carrying on over four hundred years of hot glass blowing in Newcastle upon Tyne.
Locomotive manufacture
In 1823 George Stephenson and his son Robert established the world's first locomotive factory near Forth Street in Newcastle. Here they built locomotives for the Stockton and Darlington Railway and the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, as well as many others. It was here that the famous locomotive Rocket was designed and manufactured in preparation for the Rainhill Trials. Apart from building locomotives for the British market, the Newcastle works also produced locomotives for Europe and America. The Forth Street works continued to build locomotives until 1960.
Shipbuilding
In 1296 a wooden, 135 ft (41 m) long galley was constructed at the mouth of the Lort Burn in Newcastle, as part of a twenty-ship order from the king. The ship cost £205, and is the earliest record of shipbuilding in Newcastle. However the rise of the Tyne as a shipbuilding area was due to the need for collier brigs for the coal export trade. These wooden sailing ships were usually built locally, establishing local expertise in building ships. As ships changed from wood to steel, and from sail to steam, the local shipbuilding industry changed to build the new ships. Although shipbuilding was carried out up and down both sides of the river, the two main areas for building ships in Newcastle were Elswick, to the west, and Walker, to the east. By 1800 Tyneside was the third largest producer of ships in Britain. Unfortunately, after the Second World War, lack of modernisation and competition from abroad gradually caused the local industry to decline and die.
Armaments
In 1847 William Armstrong established a huge factory in Elswick, west of Newcastle. This was initially used to produce hydraulic cranes but subsequently began also to produce guns for both the army and the navy. After the Swing Bridge was built in 1876 allowing ships to pass up river, warships could have their armaments fitted alongside the Elswick works. Armstrong's company took over its industrial rival, Joseph Whitworth of Manchester in 1897.
Steam turbines
Charles Algernon Parsons invented the steam turbine and, in 1889, founded his own company C. A. Parsons and Company in Heaton, Newcastle to make steam turbines. Shortly after this, he realised that steam turbines could be used to propel ships and, in 1897, he founded a second company, Parsons Marine Steam Turbine Company in Wallsend. It is there that he designed and manufactured Turbinia. Parsons turbines were initially used in warships but soon came to be used in merchant and passenger vessels, including the liner Mauretania which held the blue riband for the Atlantic crossing until 1929. Parsons' company in Heaton began to make turbo-generators for power stations and supplied power stations all over the world. The Heaton works, reduced in size, remains as part of the Siemens AG industrial giant.
Pottery
In 1762 the Maling pottery was founded in Sunderland by French Huguenots, but transferred to Newcastle in 1817. A factory was built in the Ouseburn area of the city. The factory was rebuilt twice, finally occupying a 14-acre (57,000 m2) site that was claimed to be the biggest pottery in the world and which had its own railway station. The pottery pioneered use of machines in making potteries as opposed to hand production. In the 1890s the company went up-market and employed in-house designers. The period up to the Second World War was the most profitable with a constant stream of new designs being introduced. However, after the war, production gradually declined and the company closed in 1963.
Expansion of the city
Newcastle was one of the boroughs reformed by the Municipal Corporations Act 1835: the reformed municipal borough included the parishes of Byker, Elswick, Heaton, Jesmond, Newcastle All Saints, Newcastle St Andrew, Newcastle St John, Newcastle St Nicholas, and Westgate. The urban districts of Benwell and Fenham and Walker were added in 1904. In 1935, Newcastle gained Kenton and parts of the parishes of West Brunton, East Denton, Fawdon, Longbenton. The most recent expansion in Newcastle's boundaries took place under the Local Government Act 1972 on 1 April 1974, when Newcastle became a metropolitan borough, also including the urban districts of Gosforth and Newburn, and the parishes of Brunswick, Dinnington, Hazlerigg, North Gosforth and Woolsington from the Castle Ward Rural District, and the village of Westerhope.
Meanwhile Northumberland County Council was formed under the Local Government Act 1888 and benefited from a dedicated meeting place when County Hall was completed in the Castle Garth area of Newcastle in 1910. Following the Local Government Act 1972 County Hall relocated to Morpeth in April 1981.
Twentieth century
In 1925 work began on a new high-level road bridge to span the Tyne Gorge between Newcastle and Gateshead. The capacity of the existing High-Level Bridge and Swing Bridge were being strained to the limit, and an additional bridge had been discussed for a long time. The contract was awarded to the Dorman Long Company and the bridge was finally opened by King George V in 1928. The road deck was 84 feet (26 m) above the river and was supported by a 531 feet (162 m) steel arch. The new Tyne Bridge quickly became a symbol for Newcastle and Tyneside, and remains so today.
During the Second World War, Newcastle was largely spared the horrors inflicted upon other British cities bombed during the Blitz. Although the armaments factories and shipyards along the River Tyne were targeted by the Luftwaffe, they largely escaped unscathed. Manors goods yard and railway terminal, to the east of the city centre, and the suburbs of Jesmond and Heaton suffered bombing during 1941. There were 141 deaths and 587 injuries, a relatively small figure compared to the casualties in other industrial centres of Britain.
In 1963 the city gained its own university, the University of Newcastle upon Tyne, by act of parliament. A School of Medicine and Surgery had been established in Newcastle in 1834. This eventually developed into a college of medicine attached to Durham University. A college of physical science was also founded and became Armstrong College in 1904. In 1934 the two colleges merged to become King's College, Durham. This remained as part of Durham University until the new university was created in 1963. In 1992 the city gained its second university when Newcastle Polytechnic was granted university status as Northumbria University.
Newcastle City Council moved to the new Newcastle Civic Centre in 1968.
As heavy industries declined in the second half of the 20th century, large sections of the city centre were demolished along with many areas of slum housing. The leading political figure in the city during the 1960s was T. Dan Smith who oversaw a massive building programme of highrise housing estates and authorised the demolition of a quarter of the Georgian Grainger Town to make way for Eldon Square Shopping Centre. Smith's control in Newcastle collapsed when it was exposed that he had used public contracts to advantage himself and his business associates and for a time Newcastle became a byword for civic corruption as depicted in the films Get Carter and Stormy Monday and in the television series Our Friends in the North. However, much of the historic Grainger Town area survived and was, for the most part, fully restored in the late 1990s. Northumberland Street, initially the A1, was gradually closed to traffic from the 1970s and completely pedestrianised by 1998.
In 1978 a new rapid transport system, the Metro, was built, linking the Tyneside area. The system opened in August 1980. A new bridge was built to carry the Metro across the river between Gateshead and Newcastle. This was the Queen Elizabeth II Bridge, commonly known as the Metro Bridge. Eventually the Metro system was extended to reach Newcastle Airport in 1991, and in 2002 the Metro system was extended to the nearby city of Sunderland.
As the 20th century progressed, trade on the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides gradually declined, until by the 1980s both sides of the river were looking rather derelict. Shipping company offices had closed along with offices of firms related to shipping. There were also derelict warehouses lining the riverbank. Local government produced a master plan to re-develop the Newcastle quayside and this was begun in the 1990s. New offices, restaurants, bars and residential accommodation were built and the area has changed in the space of a few years into a vibrant area, partially returning the focus of Newcastle to the riverside, where it was in medieval times.
The Gateshead Millennium Bridge, a foot and cycle bridge, 26 feet (7.9 m) wide and 413 feet (126 m) long, was completed in 2001. The road deck is in the form of a curve and is supported by a steel arch. To allow ships to pass, the whole structure, both arch and road-deck, rotates on huge bearings at either end so that the road deck is lifted. The bridge can be said to open and shut like a human eye. It is an important addition to the re-developed quayside area, providing a vital link between the Newcastle and Gateshead quaysides.
Recent developments
Today the city is a vibrant centre for office and retail employment, but just a short distance away there are impoverished inner-city housing estates, in areas originally built to provide affordable housing for employees of the shipyards and other heavy industries that lined the River Tyne. In the 2010s Newcastle City Council began implementing plans to regenerate these depressed areas, such as those along the Ouseburn Valley.
Entitled "The Last Stand", my brother Ryder and I tried our best to replicate the climax in Alcatraz at the end of the X-Men 3 movie. The fun part, in creating this scene, is in sourcing the right materials for our diorama which had to be in scale with our featured action figure (1:6 SCale Real Action Heroes Wolverine). With a little imagination combined with McGyver-resque ingenuity, we were able to pull-off a set for our photo shoot using regular household items. For the prison fence, we used a meshed magazine rack. The barbed wires were painfully hand-made using scrap chicken wires while the metal crates were cooking containers which we borrowed from our mom's kitchen. With a little soil from our garden pots, various Marvel Legends accessories and several lamp shades for lighting, we were able to achieve the look and feel that we wanted for this shot.
Entitled: Six Strongmen In Traditional Dress, China [1909] W Purdom [RESTORED] Spot corrections, contrast and tonal adjustments; I also more clearly defined the faint mountain line in the background, and increased (doubled) the image size as the original was very small. This of course introduced a lot of jpeg magnification artifact that I then blended with uniform random noise.
William Purdom (1880-1921) was another explorer botanist that surveyed and collected northern Chinese flora along the Yellow River for three years, from 1909-1911; and in Tibet and Gansu, from 1914-1915.
The original non-restored picture was discovered in Harvard University's Library Collection using their VIA (Visual Information Access) Search engine. It can be found with Record Identifier: olvwork270371. Other information included stated:
"...Strong men at August games (Mongol). Photo by Wm. Purdom, 1909-1911. Weichang Xian, Hebei Sheng, China"
Mural entitled “Dreams, Diaspora & Destiny” by @kingbritt and @joshuamaysart, curated by Mural Arts Philadelphia, seen at 1509 North 53rd Street in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Drone photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
From my set entitled “Tuberous Begonia”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213634242/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Begonia is a genus in the flowering plant family Begoniaceae. The only other member of the family Begoniaceae is Hillebrandia, a genus with a single species in the Hawaiian Islands. The genus Symbegonia is now included in Begonia. "Begonia" is the common name as well as the generic name for all members of the genus.
With ca. 1500+ species, Begonia is one of the ten largest angiosperm genera. The species are terrestrial (sometimes epiphytic) herbs or undershrubs and occur in subtropical and tropical moist climates, in South and Central America, Africa and southern Asia. Terrestrial species in the wild are commonly upright-stemmed, rhizomatous, or tuberous. The plants are monoecious, with unisexual male and female flowers occurring separately on the same plant, the male containing numerous stamens, the female having a large inferior ovary and two to four branched or twisted stigmas. In most species the fruit is a winged capsule containing numerous minute seeds, although baccate fruits are also known. The leaves, which are often large and variously marked or variegated, are usually asymmetric (unequal-sided).
Because of their sometimes showy flowers of white, pink, scarlet or yellow color and often attractively marked leaves, many species and innumerable hybrids and cultivars are cultivated. The genus is unusual in that species throughout the genus, even those coming from different continents, can frequently be hybridized with each other, and this has led to an enormous number of cultivars. The American Begonia Society classifies begonias into several major groups: cane-like, shrub-like, tuberous, rhizomatous, semperflorens, rex, trailing-scandent, or thick-stemmed. For the most part these groups do not correspond to any formal taxonomic groupings or phylogeny and many species and hybrids have characteristics of more than one group, or fit well into none of them.
The genus name honors Michel Bégon, a French patron of botany.
The different groups of begonias have different cultural requirements but most species come from tropical regions and therefore they and their hybrids require warm temperatures. Most are forest understory plants and require bright shade; few will tolerate full sun, especially in warmer climates. In general, begonias require a well-drained growing medium that is neither constantly wet nor allowed to dry out completely. Many begonias will grow and flower year-round but tuberous begonias usually have a dormant period, during which the tubers can be stored in a cool and dry place.
Begonias of the semperflorens group are frequently grown as bedding plants outdoors. A recent group of hybrids derived from this group is marketed as "Dragonwing Begonias"; they are much larger both in leaf and in flower. Tuberous begonias are frequently used as container plants. Although most Begonia species are tropical or subtropical in origin, the Chinese species B. grandis is hardy to USDA hardiness zone 6 and is commonly known as the "hardy begonia". Most begonias can be grown outdoors year-round in subtropical or tropical climates, but in temperate climates begonias are grown outdoors as annuals, or as house or greenhouse plants.
Most begonias are easily propagated by division or from stem cuttings. In addition, many can be propagated from leaf cuttings or even sections of leaves, particularly the members of the rhizomatous and rex groups.
The cultivar Kimjongilia is a floral emblem of North Korea.
From my set entitled “Goatsbeard”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213997694/
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607217763461/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Aruncus is a genus of herbaceous plants in the Rosaceae, subfamily Spiraeoideae. Botanical opinion of the number of species differs, with from one to four species accepted.
Aruncus dioicus (Goatsbeard) is native to the temperate Northern Hemisphere, occurring throughout the cooler parts of Europe, Asia and North America. In the broad sense, this is the only species in the genus, with the species below treated as synonyms or varieties of it by some botanists.
Aruncus aethusifolius (Dwarf Goatsbeard or Korean Goatsbeard) has a restricted range, limited to Korea in eastern Asia.
Aruncus gombalanus (Yunnan Goatsbeard) occurs in the mountains of northwest Yunnan and adjacent Tibet.
Aruncus sylvester (Asian Goatsbeard) covers the widespread Asian forms of A. dioicus.
The genus was formerly treated as part of the related genus Spiraea.
Characteristics - A. sylvester For two weeks in early summer, each 4- to 6-foot stalk of goatsbeard is crowned with a 6- to 10-inch plume of tiny blossoms. Because the flowering season is relatively short and the foliage is tall, goatsbeard is generally placed at the back of a border, but it is also dramatic when massed alone as a separate planting. Its tolerance for partial shade and wet soil makes it popular in woodland gardens.
Goatsbeard does well in USDA Plant Hardiness Zones 4-9 in almost any soil, in sun, or light shade. Set plants approximately 18 - 24 inches apart. To get new plants, divide clumps in spring or fall; otherwise clumps can remain undisturbed indefinitely.
Medical Uses - A poultice from the root is applied to bee stings. A tea made from the roots is used to allay bleeding after child birth, to reduce profuse urination and to treat stomach pains, diarrhea, gonorrhea, fevers and internal bleeding. Use the root tea externally to bathe swollen feet and rheumatic joints. A salve made from the root ashes can be rubbed onto sores.
Mural entitled "Keep Your Head Above Water" by Eduardo Mendieta aka @emo_561 seen at 2013 NW Miami Avenue in the Wynwood Arts District of Miami, Florida.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
Mural entitled "Los Hijos of the Revolution" by Jessica Sabogal seen at 498 Stevenson in the SoMA area of San Francisco, California.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee
From Aberdeen to Aberfoyle….
Prior to the sale of First Scotland East and Midland Bluebird to the McGill’s, First took the opportunity to offload some older types onto the fleets and pull back sone newer types. Now you can debate the rights and wrongs all you want about that but as the selling party, First was entitled to determine what vehicles were part of the package.
However a surprising transfer to the Midland Bluebird fleet was former First Aberdeen 67804 which is now numbered 8496 (SN13COU). Apparently from those in the know it replaced a fire damaged vehicle and as it hadn’t been upgraded to Euro VI standard would have needed upgrading to meet Low Emission Zone standards, which are planned to come into force in Aberdeen in 2024. It’s now running for the McGill’s owned fleet still in First Aberdeen colours and it’s seen here heading for Stirling via Balfron.
Bronze sculpture entitled 'Glasgow Bouquet' in the Merchant City area of Glasgow. it represents the industries that built Glasgow and was designed by Scottish sculptor Doug Cocker in 2005. The white building in the background is Hutcheson Hall. The building was constructed, as Hutchesons' Hospital, between 1802 and 1805 to a design by the Scottish architect David Hamilton.
Mural entitled "Multi-Headed Demon Swan" by Sasha Swan aka @sosh.0, seen at 3320 NW 2nd Avenue in the Wynwood Arts District of Miami, Florida.
Photo by James aka Urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee
Originally entitled "Yellow Spiral" by sculptor Chris Byars, a Colorado-based artist who crafted this 11 semi-circle, towering modern structure outside the interior court at anchor JCPenney for Fairlane Town Center for its opening in 1976. Its original tone was an eye-catching yellow before facing a black repaint at an unknown time.
Byars', whose rarely photographed or interviewed still dons art at other former/Taubman centers including Fair Oaks and Lakeforest. The magnificient sculpture stands today, mostly out of place by today's shopping scene. Byars once expressed malcontent with various works of his either deteriorating or becoming mismanaged.
See "Yellow Spiral" in its natural timeline and habitat, accenting the once like-colored oak railings at the center from better times:
Entitled: View Of An Old Village, Kowloon Peninsula, Hong Kong [c1946] H Morrison [RESTORED] I did minor spot repair, lightened the tone a bit, removed the grainy clouds, and added a final sepia tone.
Hedda Morrison was a tremendous resource for images from the latter part of the Republican China years, photographing extensively with a 2 1/4 Rolleiflex Twin Lens (my personal roll film favorite) during her 13 year stay in China (from 1933 - 1946). Coincidentally, she then married into the family of and bears the name of another very famous China photographer; she married George Ernest Morrison's son, Alastair in 1946. Besides photography in China, she was also known for a large body of image work in Malaysia and Australia (where she died in 1991). Her husband, generously donated her life's work, divided between Harvard University and Australia's Power House Museum of Science & Design.
This image was found on Harvard University's VIA (Visual Information Access) Search Engine under Record Identifier: olvwork348421
It's hard to imagine that nearly all the farmland in Kowloon has been paved over and now filled with high rises. The earliest in my life that I had seen Kowloon was around 1961. I was just a young boy then, but I can still recall seeing (and being quite jealous of) farmboys riding the water buffaloes.
Mural entitled "The Free Spirit of the Mountains" by KEY DETAIL aka @keydetail, seen on the wall of the Midvale City Hall at 7501 Main Street in Midvale, Utah.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee
NASA artist's concept of a lunar lander (fourth stage) rotating into landing orientation as it approaches the moon. The jettisoned third stage is visible near the bottom. The image was part of a presentation entitled “A Rocket for Manned Lunar Exploration”, given by Milton W. Rosen and Francis C. Schwenk at the Tenth Congress of the International Astronautical Federation (IAF), London, 31 August 1959.
The abstract:
"One of the significant human accomplishments of the next decade will be the manned exploration of the moon. Previously, the uncharted regions of the earth, the Arctic and Antarctic, the Amazon and Himalayas challenged the skill and fortitude of explorers. But these regions cannot long retain their status—the new frontier lies beyond the confines of our planet—on the nearest sizeable aggregation of matter in space—the moon.
Significantly, man’s exploration has been paced by his technical progress. The discovery of America was made possible by ships and sails of sufficient size and by advances, however crude, in the art of navigation. Oxygen masks made possible the conquest of Everest, and rockets—the exploration of the upper atmosphere.
The exploration of the moon is within view today. If it may be assumed that Project Mercury in the U.S.A. and similar efforts by the U.S.S.R. will establish that man can exist for limited periods of time in space, then a trip to the moon requires mainly the design, construction and proving of a large rocket vehicle.
In one concept of a manned lunar vehicle the entire mission, the trip to the moon and the return, is staged on the earth’s surface. A highly competitive technique, one favored by many engineers, is to stage the lunar mission by refueling in a low earth orbit. This would permit the use of a smaller launching vehicle but would require development of orbital rendezvous techniques. In any case, a vehicle of the larger type will be needed for lunar as well as other exploratory missions.
This paper presents a parametric study of vehicle scale for the direct flight manned lunar mission. The main parameter is the take-off thrust which is influenced by many factors; principally the propellants in the several stages and the flight trajectory. A close choice exists in the second stage where conventional and high energy propellants are compared. The size of the final stage and hence the entire vehicle is governed mainly by the method of approach to the earth’s surface, whether it is elliptic, parabolic or hyperbolic. The various methods are applied to an illustrative vehicle configuration.
Reliability will be a major factor in the success of any manned lunar flight. While no formula is proposed for improving component reliability, certain operational procedures can be used to advantage in enhancing the probability of a successful round trip to the moon."
The M. W. Rosen is none other than Milton “Milt” Rosen, of Viking sounding rocket ‘fame’, the real deal. Confirmation:
en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milton_Rosen
Credit: Wikipedia website
Francis C. Schwenk, possibly/probably originally of the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory/Lewis Research Center (btw, Cleveland Rocks) appears to have been a prolific researcher & valued asset to NACA/NASA. He even worked on the Satellite Power System concept, as late as 1980! Super smart, motivated, with longevity; traits you want in a rocket scientist. Also the real deal.
So, as part of a NASA presentation, I assume this to be an in-house NASA work, which of course substantially reduces the chance of artist identification, especially for something from 1959. Damn.
See:
www.alternatewars.com/SpaceRace/SP-4205/Chapter_01.htm
www.hq.nasa.gov/office/pao/History/SP-4205/ch1-2.html
Yet again, as is all too often the case, a superior & far more informative read - at a non-NASA site:
www.wired.com/2014/01/rosen-schwenks-moon-rocket-1959/amp
Credit: WIRED website
An unexpected & welcomed surprise. Although not an artist’s identification, a small win nonetheless, filling in at least a few additional pieces of a historical puzzle that no one gives a rat’s ass about...anymore. Despite such, I’m still pleased:
link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-662-39914-9
Specifically:
link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-662-39914-9_27
Credit: Springer Nature Switzerland AG/Springer Link website
Last, but NOT least, the following obscure website appears to have the entire presentation available to view, which includes the artist's concepts. Bravo!:
dokumen.tips/reader/f/a-rocket-for-manned-lunar
Credit: Indonesia DOKUMEN website
BUT, this presentation should ALSO reside & be readily available at some NASA or otherwise ‘official’ site, for free, with no log-in, no 'mother-may-I' access BS required. Sort of what the NTRS once was - but ISN’T anymore.
So, to make sure I’ve got this straight: something about going to the moon, humans that is, so, a pretty ballsy proposal, put out to the scientific world in 1959, WITH illustrations = pretty historic, at least in the “space world”, AND it seems to ONLY be available on an Indonesian document sharing site.
Although I’m grateful, you’re f**king kidding me, REALLY???
From my set entitled “Morning Glory”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607213945288/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_glory
Morning glory is a common name for over 1,000 species of flowering plants in the family Convolvulaceae, belonging to the following genera:
Calystegia
Convolvulus
Ipomoea
Merremia
Rivea
As the name implies, morning glory flowers, which are funnel-shaped, open in the morning, allowing them to be pollinated by Hummingbirds, butterflies, bees, and other daytime insects and birds as well as Hawkmoth at dusk for longer blooming variants. The flower typically lasts for a single morning and dies in the afternoon. New flowers bloom each day. The flowers usually start to fade a couple of hours before the petals start showing visible curling. They prefer full sun throughout the day and mesic soils. In cultivation, most are treated as perennial plants in tropical areas and as annual plants in colder climates, but some species tolerate winter cold. Some moonflowers, which flower at night, are also in the morning glory family.
Morning glory is also called asagao (in Japanese, a compound of 朝 asa "morning" and 顔 kao "face"). A rare brownish-coloured variant known as Danjuro is very popular. It was first known in China for its medicinal uses, due to the laxative properties of its seeds. It was introduced to the Japanese in the 9th century, and they were first to cultivate it as an ornament. During the Edo Period, it became a very popular ornamental flower. Aztec priests in Mexico were also known to use the plant's hallucinogenic properties. (see Rivea corymbosa).
Ancient Mesoamerican civilizations used the morning glory species Ipomoea alba to convert the latex from the Castilla elastica tree and also the guayule plant to produce bouncing rubber balls. The sulfur in the morning glory's juice served to vulcanize the rubber, a process pre-dating Charles Goodyear's discovery by at least 3,000 years.[1]
Because of their fast growth, twining habit, attractive flowers, and tolerance for poor, dry soils, some morning glories are excellent vines for creating summer shade on building walls when trellised, thus keeping the building cooler and reducing heating and cooling costs.
Popular varieties in contemporary western cultivation include the Morning Glory "Sunspots" "Heavenly Blue", the moonflower, the cypress vine, and the cardinal climber. The cypress vine is a hybrid, with the cardinal climber as one parent.
In some places such as Australian bushland morning glories develop thick roots and tend to grow in dense thickets. They can quickly spread by way of long creeping stems. By crowding out, blanketing and smothering other plants, morning glory has turned into a serious invasive weed problem.
Ipomoea aquatica, known as water spinach, water morning-glory, water convolvulus, Ong-Choy, Kang-kung, or swamp cabbage, is popularly used as a green vegetable especially in East and Southeast Asian cuisines. It is a Federal Noxious Weed, however, and technically it is illegal to grow, import, possess, or sell. See: USDA weed factsheet. As of 2005, the state of Texas has acknowledged that water spinach is a highly prized vegetable in many cultures and has allowed water spinach to be grown for personal consumption. This is in part because water spinach is known to have been grown in Texas for more than fifteen years and has not yet escaped cultivation.[2] The fact that it goes by so many names means that it easily slips through import inspections, and it is often available in Asian or specialty produce markets.
The seeds of many species of morning glory contain ergot alkaloids such as the hallucinogenic ergonovine and ergine (LSA). Seeds of I. tricolor and I. corymbosa (syn. R. corymbosa) are used as hallucinogens. The seeds can produce similar effect to LSD when taken in the hundreds. Though the chemical LSA is illegal to possess in pure form, the seeds are found in many gardening stores, however, the seeds from gardening stores may be coated in some form of mild poison in order to prevent ingestion or methylmercury to retard spoilage.[3] They should not be taken by people with a history of liver disorders or hepatitis. They should not be taken by pregnant women as they can cause uterine contraction which can lead to miscarriage. Individuals with a history of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, blood clot, and stroke) or a family history of such problems, and the elderly should avoid consuming these seeds due to their vasoconstrictive effects.[4][5][6]
Note that the plant known as Korean morning glory, Datura stramonium, is of a different species, is poisonous, and also produces hallucinogenic effects.
"This card entitles Name: ________ to a day membership in the Mount Washington Club on the Top of New England, White Mountains, N.H. Date of ascent: Aug. 23, 1938."
As Wikipedia reports, Mount Washington is the "highest peak in the Northeastern United States at 6,288.2 ft (1,916.6 m)," which certainly qualifies it as the "Top of New England." The unnamed original owner of this card evidently visited the mountain on August 23, 1938, and may have taken a ride on the Mount Washington Cog Railway--depicted on the back of the card--to get to the top.
Seen in a small promotional book entitled "London Suburbs Old and New", full of 'useful knowledge for health and home' edited by Frank Green and Sr S Wolff, this edition issued in 1934. The guide has an amazing range of advice and information and this included descriptions of various suburban locations, complete with relevant adverts by local developers.
In North London, like so many other locations in Middlesex, the arrival of the railway especially the 'Tube' and Metropolitan, had a dramatic effect on once rural villages as London expanded. Already in place in Victorian and Edwardian times this expansion reached new heights in the inter-war period when "Metroland", as coined by John Betjeman as well as the marketing people at the Met Railway, became reality. Tens of thousands of houses constructed by a multiplicity of often local developers were built and advertised with claims as to construction, features and layout and location - often pushing proximity to the station or bus route. Many were offered with 'attractive' mortgage or purchase arrangements allowing the new and growing middle class of office workers and such to 'buy their own little suburban home'.
Edgware had been the terminus of a rather wndering branch line from Kings Cross station opened by the Great Northern Railway as early as 1867 and that closed, as part of a modernisation project by London Transport that was curtailed after the way, in 1939. The electric tram reached the village in the Edwardian era but the real spur to growth was the arrival of the extension of the Underground line from Golders Green in 1924.
A E Curton were one such builder and developer. The houses seen here in Edgwarebury Lane, were under development by 1935 and were of the more 'upmarket' type, freehold with 'oak panelled dining rooms' and as many as 5 bedrooms. Needless to say your £70 down and £2000 investment would now set you back over a million pounds! The 'descriptive brochure' seen here was produced in several editions as late as 1939.
George Fife Angas. 1789 – 1879
George Fife Angas was born in Newcastle into a business family. His father ran a coachbuilding business. In 1804 George was made an apprentice in his father’s business and in 1808 he was made the secretary of the Newcastle Sunday School Union. He married Rosetta French in 1812 and began his philanthropy with the Baptist Church before he moved his growing family to London in 1824 where he established his own enterprises. He started his own shipping firm and became involved in banking and finance simultaneously with continuing his philanthropic and missionary work. He remained a devout Baptist in London. As soon as he arrived in London, the political centre, he began working to free slaves. Recent attempts have been made to besmirch the reputation of G F Angas. Some websites say he was a slave holder with 121 slaves in British Honduras. Nothing could be further from the truth. He is listed in slave records as he acted as the London agent for several Honduras slave-owners who were seeking compensation, which they were legally entitled to, from the British government after it abolished slavery in Honduras (now Belize) and elsewhere in 1833. Around 300 Indian slaves in Honduras were freed in 1824 directly at the behest of Angas and he worked with the Earl of Bathurst to get legislation enabling this through the House of Commons. Angas’ company and shipping business worked extensively with Honduras agents for mahogany timber which did use slave labour. But he never owned slaves and these incorrect websites would have done well to consult a 1929 publication to learn that. In that 1929 publication on SA by Sir Grenfell Price he says “Angas was concerned about the miseries of slaves and Mayan refugees in Honduras. He promoted missionary work there and was an associate of British reformers and abolitionists like William Wilberforce who spear headed the 1833 British Act to abolish slavery internationally.” Angas never received one penny directly from slave holding but like so much early 19th century British trade it was dependent on slave labour. In 1826 he formed G. F. Angas and Company and after his father’s death in 1831 he took over all his father’s companies and shipping and formed, with his cousin, the National Provincial Bank. In 1832 he joined the committee of the SA Land Company. Two years later when the SA Colonization Act was passed in Westminster Angas stepped in to buy up land in the new province as the Act required since sales were slow. He bought 13,000 acres which he transferred to the South Australian Company when it was formed in 1836 and he was the director of it. In March of 1836 he despatched three ships to the new province before the Governor on the Buffalo and Colonel William Light on the Rapid set sail for the province. At this time he also met with Lutheran Pastor Kavel from Hamburg and negotiated to loan money for the transportation of Lutherans to the new province which was to eschew Anglican dominance and to entice non conformists from Britain to the province. Angas did not look favourably at Catholics. He also founded the South Australian School Society in 1836 which led to the first schools in SA. In 1841 in London Angas established the South Australian Banking Company which helped finance the colony and in 1843 he sent his son John Howard Angas to look after his investments in the colony. At this time in the 1840s Angas travelled extensively in southern England promoting the province and urging people to sail to the new lands. Angas was always a shrewd businessman and he found fortune by selling the lands he acquired for £1 per acre at £10 per acre to the German Lutheran settlers. It had cost Angas £20,000 to bring out around 700 German Lutheran settlers. He believed that his wealth was given to him to do the Lord’s work.
Angas finally migrated to the colony arriving in January 1851 where he continued his philanthropy and pastoral and banking interests and he soon became a member of the Legislative Council for the district of Barossa for fifteen years from 1851 to 1866. He had his rural mansion built on his lands at Angaston and the house was named Lindsay Park. He purchased a town house at the corner of Torrens Road and Fitzroy Terrace as his city home in 1865. This enabled him to attend legislative Council meetings easily. His Prospect Hall as it was known was sold to John Howard Angas before his death and George Fife Angas died at his beloved Lindsay Park in 1879 where he was buried in the family vault on that property. George Fife Angas was strongly opposed to horse racing and gambling so it was somewhat ironic that when Lindsay Park was sold out of the family in 1965 it went to a horse racing magnate. After his death the only biography of Angas was published in 1891 by Edwin Hodder who liaised with John Howard Angas about his father’s life. Some say it presents an overly favourable and biased impression of George Fife Angas. One other commentator says George Fife Angas was often known as “philanthropy plus ten percent.”
George French Angas. 1822 – 1866.
This eldest son of George Fife Angas and Rosetta French was given his mother’s family name. At the age of 21 in 1843 he sailed to South Australia. He explored several regions of the colony including the South East with Governor Robe, the Coorong and his father’s lands in the Barossa. After six months he travelled on to New Zealand before returning to SA. As an accomplished watercolourist he painted wherever he went. In 1845 his watercolours of SA were displayed in the Legislative Council. In 1846 on his return to London he held a major exhibition there which also included his travels in NZ, Brazil and his works on native peoples including the Maori. In 1846-7 he published three volumes of lithographs from his water-colours entitled: South Australia Illustrated, The New Zealanders Illustrated and Savage Life and Scenes in Australia and New Zealand. After he married in 1849 he returned to Adelaide and set up a studio in King William Street. In 1851 he moved to NSW before returning again to the Barossa Valley in SA in 1860. In 1862 he took his family back to England where he published further illustrated naturalist books on South Australia. He died in 1886. His great legacy to SA was his detailed capture of life and landscapes in the early years of the colony.
John Howard Angas. 1823 – 1904.
John Howard Angas was born in Newcastle in 1823 but spent his childhood as a boarder in the village of Hutton in Essex to be near his school. He was sent to the colony of SA to manage his father’s lands and investments in 1843. At that time John Howard Angas was just 19 years old and he sailed with his sister Mrs Sarah Evans and his brother-in-law Henry Evans. Angas made his first home at Hutton Vale and later he moved to Tarrawatta where he later built Collingrove House for his new wife in 1856. By the time of his arrival he had mastered basic German to converse with his father’s tenants at Bethany and elsewhere and he soon began gathering a flock of sheep. Pastoralism was to become his major business interest. Apart from his pastoral interests he was community minded and served in the SA Legislative Council from 1871 to 1786 and later in the House of Assembly from 1887 to 1894. He developed some of his pastoral estates with his father but most were fully developed only by him and they ranged from the Flinders Ranges to Point Sturt on Lake Alexandrina but his main residence remained as Collingrove. He was interested in agriculture in general and education and he worked on building up animal studs for Shorthorn and Hereford cattle, Clydesdale, thoroughbred and carriage horses, Merino and Lincoln sheep and Berkshire pigs. He also experimented with pedigree donkeys and ostriches. He exhibited his stud stock in agricultural shows around Australia and won many prizes for the best animals over the years. He was involved with the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Society of SA for many years. Angas Hall at the show grounds is a tribute to John Howard Angas. He was president of the Royal Agricultural and Horticultural Show from 1886 to 1888 but a member and sponsor of it for decades. He died at Collingrove in 1904 leaving a wife and two offspring Charles Howard Angas born in 1861 and Lillian Angas (later White) born in 1862. It was John Howard Angas who chose a Peramangk word for his property which covered Lindsay Park, Collingrove and Hutton Vale. The whole property was called Tarrawarra. In Peramangk language “tarra” means land that rises such as a hill and “warra” means a person’s land or area.
Flaxman Valley Special Surveys and the Father of South Australia.
Charles Flaxman was the Chief Clerk of George Fife Angas. After Angas had invested £20,000 in financing Pastor Kavel and four ship loads of German Lutherans to South Australia in 1838 he wanted to protect that investment. Around six hundred German Lutherans were transported to SA and at first they rented land from Angas at Klemzig. Angas had purchased 208 acres at Klemzig. Charles Flaxman sailed on one of the ships with Pastor Kavel as Angas’ agent in SA. The German Lutherans later purchased surveyed land at Bethany and elsewhere. This came about because Flaxman over reached his authority and committed George Fife Angas to buy seven Special Survey in 1839 for £28,000.
The special surveys covered much of the Barossa Valley. They included all of the headwaters of the North Para River which rises near Eden Valley and turns southward near Truro back towards Tanunda and Bethany. The surveys also follow every creek and river east of the Barossa Valley such as the North Rhine and the Keyneton to Springton districts. Bethany and Tanunda are near the southern end of the surveys. The widest point is ten miles across from near Sheoak Log to Eden Valley. Basically the main highway from Sheoak Log in a straight line to Truro was the western boundary of Angas’ special surveys. North to south the special surveys ran nearly 15 miles from Truro to Mt Crawford Forest.
The £28,000 required for the surveys nearly bankrupted Angas. He had to get a loan for the first time in his life, sell off his shares in the Union Bank and to sell his lands and other assets. Flaxman purchased part of the Barossa Special Survey towards Mt Crawford in his own name and he stayed on in SA after 1843 when John Howard Angas arrived. Flaxman later moved to Victoria and died there in 1869. Flaxman valley was named after him. Angas went on to become the largest individual landowner in SA in the 1840s and 1850s when others, especially the early pastoralists held all land as leasehold land only with just one 80 acre section freehold around their homestead. Thus Angas was regarded as the major freehold land owner in SA.
But why was he regarded as the “father of South Australia”? There were several reasons but he was certainly not the only “father” of this colony. Others who surely could claim that title include Robert Torrens, Robert Gouger, William Light etc. George Fife Angas worked on creating South Australia from 1830 and became involved with reformers like Edward Wakefield and the SA Land Company from 1832. The SA Land Company for investors disappeared but once the SA Colonization Act was passed in Britain in 1834 Angas became a devotee of the idea of a new colony. As an amount of land to the value of £35,000 had to be pre sold before settlement, according to the terms of that Act, Angas bought 13,000 acres himself to help the Colonization Commissioners meet that requirement. He became one of the Colonization Commissioners and helped form the South Australian Company and he was its first Chairman. Without the SA Company obtaining pre colonization land sales the colony would not have been approved by the British parliament so he was the father of SA in a very significant and pragmatic way. Partly because of the work of Angas the SA Company was offered banking rights for the new colony and this bank was very successful and under pinned some for the SA Company’s success. This bank was separated from the SA Company in 1841 and became the SA Bank. Angas then spruiked the colony after 1836 into the 1840s to encourage English farmers to make the big move across the world to become pioneers. After 1839 he became the largest freehold land owner in the colony with the seven Barossa Special Surveys – 28,000 acres. Once his son John Howard Angas was in the colony George Fife Angas continued to buy more and more land in many locations. He then contributed to the colony with his legislative work and his philanthropy. Although he was generally respected and afforded the “father of SA” title as his motives and ideals were ethical he was not popular with many because of his dictatorial style on committees. But was not a dictatorial style expected of all fathers in the Victorian era?
Angas Family Structures and Memorial North Adelaide.
Apart from the amazing bronze memorial to the Angas family in Angas Gardens North Adelaide South Australia is littered with named locations and features commemorating the Angas family. The city has Angas Street, the Barossa Valley has Angaston, the Royal Adelaide Showgrounds has the Angas Hall, the suburb of Mitcham has Angas Road as George Fife Angas took out 134 acres here in 1839 and east of the Mt Lofty Ranges near Sanderston is Angas Plains. George Fife Angas owned much land around Springton with tenant farmers and thus Springton has an Angas Street and likewise Angaston has an Angas Street and near Strathalbyn is Angas Hill. Although George Fife Angas purchased sections of land around many of the settled districts he had no linkages at all with Macclesfield and the headwaters of the Angas River. A group of explorers going overland to Lake Alexandrina on 31st December 1837 discovered a river in the Adelaide Hills. The party led by Robert cock and William Finlayson named the river in honour of George Fife Angas who was Chairman of the South Australian Company in London and had been a tireless worker and promoter of the new colony. The Angas River is about 50 kms long and flows into Lake Alexandrina at Milang after flowing through Strathalbyn. Between Strathalbyn and Milang there is the district of Angas Plains named because of the river.
The most prominent memorial to the Angas family was not put up by public subscription which was usual in early years but by the Angas family itself. The complex bronze in an Italian marble canopy was sculpted by English artist William Colton and is called Fame. The winged figure Fame (not an angel) holds a laurel wreath above pointing to the four bas reliefs around the sculpture. One is about George Fife Angas with a bas relief of German immigrants arriving on a ship and the other is of John Howard Angas and a bas relief of a horse .The whole sculpture is based on a Rodin sculpture. Work began on the sculpture in 1909. When the sculpture was finished in 1915 the Angas descendants wanted it placed in Victoria Square. But this was a site reserved for the statue of Charles Sturt. As the Victoria Square site was opposed by the Trades and Labour Council and the Sturt Fund the family accepted a location on North Terrace in front of government House. It was moved to its present site in 1930 when it and other statues were moved from North Terrace. Not everyone saw the Angas family as great benefactors and the sculpture was vandalised in 1941. All the leaves were stripped from the palm frond. In sharp contrast to this great memorial is a charming small carved memorial to George Fife Angas in the Gruenberg Lutheran Church near Moculta put there in 1864 in recognition of Angas’ gift to that church’s building fund.
Angas Buildings Adelaide Children’s Hospital.
John Howard Angas left as big a legacy for South Australia as his father did if not bigger. Historian Douglas Pike described John Howard Angas as George Fife Angas’ best memorial to SA. Both George Fife and John Howard Angas gave £500 each in 1874 to the fund to establish the Children’s Hospital in 1876. John Howard Angas was a consistent donor and benefactor over many decades. By 1903 he had donated £7,752 directly to the Children’s Hospital. Apart from serving in parliament he served on several pastoral, agricultural, educational and medical associations. John Howard Angas was vice president of the Adelaide Children’s Hospital from 1876 to 1904. His legacy to the hospital was the Angas Buildings on King William Road. The Angas Building was the second major building of the hospital and is now the oldest part of it. The Adelaide Children’s Hospital was formed in 1876 by a group of doctors and benefactors including both George Fife and John Howard Angas. Sixteen years later in 1892 John Howard Angas said he was prepared to defray the entire costs, about £2,000, for the second building which was needed by then. When the new Angas Building opened it doubled the number of beds or cots in the hospital. Angas commissioned architect Alfred Wells in 1893 to design a building facing King William Road which would form a quadrangle with the first building. It would contain two surgical wards, an outpatients section, dispensary and quarters for the surgeons. It opened in 1894. As offshoots of his work with the Children’s Hospital John Howard Angas also gave £600 to establish a children’s convalescent home at Mt Lofty and earlier in 1890 he donated £1,900 to build a new wing onto the children’s convalescent home at Semaphore. Angas commissioned architects Garlick and Partners to design the new wing at Semaphore. By 1903 John Howard Angas had donated £7,572 to the hospital.
Angas Home for the Deaf and Dumb.
Another of John Howard Angas’ philanthropic interests was health and disability exemplified by his role at the Adelaide Children’s Hospital. He was also on the founding committee for the deaf society which was able to establish a home at Brighton in 1874. John Howard Angas donated £400 to the establishment fund and then became a regular donor giving around £200 annually. Then in 1898 he donated 280 acres of good farming land at Parafield to the SA Deaf Society. Its value was over £3,000. With his support two substantial stone accommodation blocks were built with them opening in 1899. It was the first institution in the world to cater for blind, deaf and mute people in one institution. Additions were made in 1904 to bring the total number of bedrooms to thirty. The residents worked on the farm which was more or less self-sufficient with dairy and beef cattle, pigs, sheep and cropping lands. There was a well provided excellent water supply for the home as it was not far from the Little Para River. SA Deaf Society sold the home in 1979. Part has been demolished but part remains as the central buildings of the Gardens Islamic College.
Belair Inebriates House and the Angas Missionary College North Adelaide.
George Fife Angas gave 80 acres of land to a group of trustees for the Belair Inebriates House in 1874 and a further £1,500 for the building this being from himself and his son John Howard Angas. But George Fife Angas died in 1879 and did not see the building completed. The original building was replaced with the a Gothic one in 1883 which cost over £6,000 to construct and it was able to accommodate 52 inmates. Reverend Morton a Presbyterian minister from Melbourne who was a friend of John Howard Angas visited Belair Inebriates Retreat in 1883 and then returned in 1893 to take charge of the facility. But Morton’s main focus was the theological training of missionaries. John Howard Angas had donated money in the early 1870s for a Baptist theological college but it only operated for a year or two. He re-activated a missionary training school at Belair in the Inebriates Retreat in 1893. It only operated at Belair until 1898 for at that time Whinham College in Jeffcott Street North Adelaide closed and John Howard Angas purchased that site for the Angas Missionary College. (Whinham College operated 1854 to 1898. The towered building was erected in 1882.) Missionaries were trained to work in the Pacific Island, India, China, Africa and South America at this North Adelaide site. By 1904 when John Howard Angas died some 210 missionaries had been trained. Although Belair had trained both men and women from 1893 that ceased in 1895 when a Ladies Missionary College was established at Kensington. From 1898 male missionaries were trained in Angas College North Adelaide. Angas Missionary College closed when World War One started and that site became the Lutheran theological seminary and Immanuel College from 1921 onwards. The City of Adelaide heritage plaque on this building fails to even mention the existence of the Angas Missionary Training College here from 1893 to 1914.
Bethany.
This very German village of Bethanian began in 1842 on land leased from George Fife Angas. (In 1917 it was Anglicised by act of parliament to Bethany.) It was not the first settlement in the Barossa as Lyndoch was but it was the first German settlement in the Barossa Valley. Most of the Bethany settlers were assisted migrants brought out to SA by George Fife Angas and they came from Hahndorf and from Lobethal. By 1843 around 200 people were living here and several hundred acres of land was ploughed and under crop. The village was laid out in a Hufendorf style with the houses on the street and the land in narrow strips behind the houses. Some of these early houses still remain. The land reached back to Tanunda Creek. The first settlers had to live a self-sufficient lifestyle growing their own grain, killing their own meat, growing their own vegetables, preserving meat and making sausages and making butter and cheese from their cows and gathering eggs from their poultry. The village was bypassed by the main road to Tanunda and it never developed into a major town. But a church and Lutheran cemetery was established. A Lutheran school began in 1843 led by a disciple of Pastor Fritzsche of Lobethal. By 1845 the village had its own pug and thatch church the Herberge Christi Church which was replaced with a fine bluestone Gothic church in 1883 for £723. English services were introduced here in 1924. This Bethany Church strongly supported the Hermannsburg Aboriginal Mission Station in the Northern Territory. Behind the church is the early Lutheran School which closed in 1917. Also at the church is a stone memorial to the missionaries who established Hermannsburg Aboriginal Mission from here in 1875. The pioneer cemetery has some interesting memorials and behind one cottage is an early slaughter house with a steeply pitched iron roof. At some stage in the 1860s, or later, the German settlers were able to purchase the freehold to their lands from the Angas family. Angas ended up selling land that he paid £1 per acre for at a good profit. A contract of 1839 signed by Pastor Kavel and the first Lutheran Synod was to purchase land from Angas at £10 per acre. This contract was eventually revoked and settlers were able to lease or buy land individually but most of the first German settlers paid £10 per acre for their farms at Bethany.
Angaston.
The town takes its name from George Fife Angas a Scot born in 1789. He was a Commissioner and shareholder in the SA Company and loaned money to Pastor Kavel to bring Lutheran migrants out to the new colony. He recovered the money loaned to Pastor Kavel by selling the land in the Barossa that he had paid £1 per acre to the German migrants at £10 per acre. Angas Town was developed from 1842. The first inhabitant was Gottfried Schilling and nearby Bethany was established in the same year on Angas’ land. Angas Town was soon changed to German’s Pass as it was a pass through the ranges to the Mallee plains and the River Murray. From 1857 German’s Pass was known as Angaston. Angaston always had a mix of English and German settlers. The town progressed greatly in the 1860s and beyond and a major employer was the Angas Park Fruit Company which was established in 1911. That was the year the railway arrived from Gawler. Several early wineries were other major employers in the town and district.
Among the buildings donated or supported by George Fife Angas in Angaston is the Union Chapel which he paid for in 1844. It was to be available for all religious groups but as the churches got their own buildings there was little need for it. After being used for storage for decades it was restored some years ago in 1994. It is one of the oldest churches in South Australia as it opened in February 1844. George Fife Angas’ daughter Sarah Evan of Evandale near Keyneton laid the foundation stone in 1843. John Howard Angas supervised the construction of the Union Chapel as George Fife Angas was still in England at this time. Similarly John Howard Angas donated land for a Union Chapel in Truro which was built in 1850. It was later replaced or incorporated into a new Truro Congregational Church in 1860.
Whilst in the Main Street look for the following as they should all be easily identifiable as you head up the hill towards the east.
Rose Villa- interesting old house opposite Zion Lutheran Church. It was built as a manse for the Baptists minister John Hannay who served 1855-1865. Hannay was the son in law of George Fife Angas. It is constructed of bluestone and soapstone. Daniel Garlick was the architect.
Zion Lutheran Church. This Romanesque style church was built as a Baptist Church in 1855. George Fife Angas donated the land and other funds for the church. The Baptists closed the church in 1929. The Lutherans purchased it in 1941 calling it the Zion Lutheran. The soapstone in the quoins came from Lindsay Park estate the home of George Fife Angas.
Old Post Office. It was built in 1880 although mail was delivered to the town from 1846. Telegraph arrived 1866. Telephone service arrived in 1911. It is still the post office. Note the weeds in the gutters.
Former offices of Fiest and Fiest Land Agents. There is a date on the building of 1903 which is late for a partly classical style building. The Marseilles tiled roof was ultra-modern when this was built in 1903. It is now a wine cafe and bar.
Angaston Hotel. The original 1846 structure was added to in 1879 and then rebuilt with an upper story in 1914 in typical Art Nouveau style with lots of woodwork. The decoration above the door is worth noting.
Turn right here into Sturt Street.
Turn right again into South terrace to reach the old railway station.
Go west to the Angaston Railway station. This timber framed station was erected in 1911 when the railway reached Angaston from Gawler.
Continue up Sturt Street to the town Hall and behind it the Congregational Church.
“New” Institute Town Hall Building. This is up the side street from the hotel. It was also built in 1911 of local grey marble and bluestone with the village green in front of it. It has perpendicular gothic features with good symmetry and fine detail to the window surrounds. The central pillars and gable accentuate the best features of the building. The Angas family assisted financially with the costs of construction.
Just behind the Institute is the Congregational Church. The architect was Daniel Garlick. The foundation stone was laid in 1877 by John Howard Angas the major donor and patron of the church. It is now the Uniting Church.
Return to the Main Street and turn right.
The Masonic Lodge. Erected in 1867 as a joint enterprise with the Mechanics Institute. Angas donated the land and £100 towards the cost. It operated as a Mechanics Institute Library until the new Library/ Town hall opened in 1911. Then the old Mechanics Institute was sold to the Masons. That is why the façade says 1910. It was actually built in 1867.And that is why it does not have small half rounded windows and a look of secrecy like most masonic Halls.
First Cemetery. This is beyond the car park behind the Masonic Lodge and the public toilets. The old cemetery opened in 1847. Many early burials were of children who died of diseases like typhoid and dysentery. Over 200 people were buried here. Return to the Main Street.
The old Flour Mill. Edwin Davey of Truro established this is 1885. Lauckes bought the mill in 1933 and operated it until 1976. It is a good 3 storey example of a mill with huge unsawn gum tree supports on the veranda and the adjoining building which is now the Machinery Preservation Society building. The mill is made of blue stone.
Doddridge Blacksmith Shop. This was established in 1876 by a Cornish migrant. It produced horse shoes, wrought iron carts, ploughs, tools and farm equipment. It did not close until the 1970s when the smithy was then 86 years old. A community effort purchased it in 1981 to operate as a tourist attraction.
The Bank of Adelaide. Built in 1885 with and Italianate facade with perfect symmetry, roof top balustrade, central entrance with triangular pediment above porch etc. Some additions made in 1894. It was the bank and the upper floor was the residence for the bank manager.
The former Wesleyan Methodist Church. Built in 1864 but it closed in 1977 when the Congregational, Presbyterian and Methodist churches were united. At the rear the Davey Methodist Hall was built in 1911 like so many other buildings in the town. 1911 was clearly a year of great optimism and change in Angaston. For many years it was an antique centre.
Collingrove and the Angas family Church.
John Howard Angas emigrated to SA in 1843 to oversee some of his father’s business interests. In 1854 John Howard
Angas returned to England, married and then returned to Angaston where his brother-in-law designed and built Collingrove homestead in 1856 for John Howard Angas and his wife Suzanne Collins. Hence the house was named Collingrove. In 1874 John’s father, a devout Baptist, had a small chapel built for his employees and family to worship in. It opened as a Congregational Church. The Congregational minister from Keyneton usually conducted the services there. Angas supported all protestant denominations but he was openly hostile towards Catholics. John Howard Angas was buried from this church in 1904. He left £2,000 in his estate to the Congregational trustees to continue to run the church. When the Anglican Bishop took over the church in 1911 a court case was threatened as the trustees had possibly breached the trust placed in them by the will of John Howard Angas. The church became St. Faiths Anglican until it closed. It was closed by the time Ronald Angas, grandson of John Howard Angas donated Collingrove to the National Trust in 1976.
Hutton Vale.
John Howard Angas was born in Newcastle in 1823 but raised in the village of Hutton from the age of four - at first as a boarder and then with his parent who moved there too. At the age of 20 John Howard Angas was sent to South Australia by his father and his first home and residence he called Hutton Vale farm. It was on part of his father’s seven Special Surveys along the North Para River. The current owner of Hutton Vale farm is John Angas whose great great grandfather was John Howard Angas. The property is on Hutton Vale Road which runs from Collingrove to Moculta. Upon arrival in 1843 John Howard Angas had a stone house built at Hutton Vale which was his residence until Collingrove was erected in 1856. Today Hutton Vale’s 2,000 acres is the last of the original 28,000 acres still owned by the Angas family in the Barossa Valley. John Angas has lived in the house at Hutton Vale all of his life. It is a mixed farm with fruit trees, vines sheep and grain. The old 1850s grain store is now the kitchen for John’s residence. The farm has tourist accommodation, garden produce and cellar door sales of wine from Riesling, Shiraz, Cabernet Sauvignon and Grenache Mataro grapes. Only the roof top of Hutton Vale house is visible from the road.
Lindsay Park.
This house was built in the late 1840s as a home for George Fife Angas with the architect being his son-in-law Henry Evans. Henry Evans had married a daughter of George Fife Angas and he was the one who designed Collingrove homestead and Lindsay Park homestead for the Angas family. Henry’s wife was so opposed to alcohol and wine making that she made Henry have his grape vines grafted with currents rather than grapes for wine. Thus, almost by accident Henry Evans founded the dried fruit industry in the Angaston district! When George Fife Angas came out to SA Henry Evans and his family moved to Keyneton a mile or so away. From 1851 Lindsay Park was used as the family home of the “founder of SA” George Fife Angas. It was extended several times. After George Fife Angas’ death the house and property remained in the Angas family until 1965 when the last inheritor of the Lindsay Park, Sir Keith Angas, sold the property to horse breeding trainer Colin Hayes. It was then developed into the preeminent horse training facility and breeding stud in Australia. Even Queen Elizabeth visited there on one of her trips to SA. When Colin Hayes retired in 1990 the stud and training facility was continued by his son David Hayes. David Hayes sold his share of Lindsay Park facility to his nephew and business partners in 2008 when he moved to Euroa in Victoria. The property was then sold to winemaker David Powell for $10 million in 2013 to become an exclusive tourist resort. Recently in 2023 this property has been sold to the Brendan Smart family from Keith who want to return the property to its original use as a sheep and cattle property. The mansion is not visible from the road. Both George Fife Angas and his wife and John Howard Angas and other family were buried in the family vault at Lindsay Park estate. There is no public access to this private family vault of one of the main pioneering families of South Australia or to the estate.
Museum de Fundatie Zwolle NL presents an exhibition entitled Giacometti-Chadwick, Facing Fear, to run from 22 September 2018 to 6 January 2019. The sculptures of Alberto Giacometti (1901-1966) and Lynn Chadwick (1914-2003) are manifestations of the sense of fear and disillusionment that pervaded Europe during the Cold War period. Their work bids a final farewell to pre-war romanticism and aestheticism, and lands with both feet in the raw reality of the post-war world. While Giacometti reduced the human form to its bare essentials, Chadwick created powerful archetypal images of both people and animals. The exhibition includes more than 150 works. Never before has the work of Giacometti and Chadwick been so explicitly brought together.
Their paths first crossed in 1956, when Chadwick became the youngest person ever to win the Grand Prix for Sculpture at the Venice Biennale. With only six years’ experience as a sculptor, the British artist snatched the prize from Giacometti, the hot favourite, who was thirteen years older and already a major name in Paris. Giacometti would go on to win the prize in 1962, but which of the two men was awarded it in 1956 is less significant than the fact that these two particular sculptors were the front-runners at that time. Each of them was expressing, in his own individual way, the sense of deep-seated angst that overshadowed day-to-day life in Europe in the fifties and sixties: the fear of a global nuclear disaster that would wipe out human civilisation.
Alberto Giacometti is among the most significant figures in the whole field of modern European sculpture. A member of a notable family of Swiss artists, he moved to Paris in 1922 and would remain there for the rest of his life, working as a sculptor, painter and graphic artist. After training with Émile-Antoine Bourdelle, he discovered modernism and so-called ‘primitive’ ethnographic art of Africa and Oceania. In response to these influences, his work became more abstract. In the early thirties, his Surrealist sculptures expressing subconscious emotions created a furore. From 1935, however, personal psychological tensions triggered a crisis in his life and work that led to a return to the human figure. Initially, his portraits and figures became both increasingly tiny and more and more attenuated. This thinness was to remain the most distinctive feature of Giacometti’s art. After the Second World War, he began to create the elongated, emaciated figures that would bring him worldwide fame. In all their attenuation, they reduce humanity to its very essence and appear both vulnerable and enigmatic.
In the early fifties, up-and-coming artist Lynn Chadwick managed to dislodge Henry Moore and Barbara Hepworth from their dominant position in the field of British sculpture. Born in London, Chadwick had started his career as a technical draughtsman and exhibition stand designer. He took an equally constructional approach to his sculpture: rather than model his human and animal figures in clay or wax, he constructed them by welding steel rods together to create an armature and then filling in the gaps with a kind of cement. The angularity of the work being produced by him and other young British artists was described in 1952 as ‘the geometry of fear’, a reference to the constant dread of nuclear annihilation. Chadwick’s apocalyptic Dancers and stoical Watchers gave powerful expression to this sense of angst. From the early seventies, he broadened his repertoire to include subjects that seem to restore the sovereignty of the human spirit. Sculptures like Cloaked Figure and Sitting Couple no longer look threatening, but emanate a sense of composure and invulnerability.
Giacometti’s pre-war work influenced Chadwick’s development and the two men were keenly aware of each other’s presence. In addition to the vast differences, there are also many similarities between their oeuvres. Giacometti-Chadwick, Facing Fear is the product of close cooperation with the Fondation Marguerite et Aimé Maeght in Saint-Paul-de-Vence and the Chadwick Estate and Blain|Southern gallery in London.
From my set entitled “Chameleon Plant”
www.flickr.com/photos/organize/?start_tab=one_set72157607...
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houttuynia
Houttuynia cordata (Chinese: 鱼腥草; pinyin: yúxīng cǎo; literally "fishy-smell herb"; Vietnamese: giấp cá; Korean: 약모밀; English lizard tail and chameleon plant), the sole species in the genus Houttuynia, is a flowering plant native to Japan, Korea, southern China and Southeast Asia, where it grows in moist, shady places.
Houttuynia is a herbaceous perennial plant growing to between 20 and 80 cm. The proximal part of the stem is trailing and produces adventitious roots, while the distal part of the stem grows vertically. The leaves are alternate, broadly heart-shaped, 4-9 cm long and 3-8 cm broad. Flowers are greenish-yellow, borne on a terminal spike 2-3 cm long with 4-6 large white basal bracts.
The plant grows well in moist to wet soil and even slightly submerged in water in partial or full sun. Plants can become invasive in gardens and difficult to eradicate. Propagation is via division.
Houttuynia in temperate gardens is usually in one of its cultivated forms, including: Chameleon (synonymous with H.c. 'Court Jester', H.c. 'Tricolour', H.c. 'Variegata') this variety is slightly less vigorous than the species and has leaves broadly edged in yellow and flecked with red; Flore Pleno has masses of white bracts and the vigour of the parent species.
Grown as a leaf vegetable, particularly in Vietnam, where it is called giấp cá or diếp cá and is used as a fresh herbal garnish. The leaf has an unusual taste that is often described as fishy (earning it the nickname "fish mint"), so it is not enjoyed as universally as basil, mint, or other more commonly used herbs.
In the southwestern Chinese provinces of Yunnan, Guizhou, and Sichuan, roots are used as a root vegetable. English names include heartleaf and lizardtail.
Houttuynia is also used in herbal medicine. The beverage dokudami cha (Japanese: ドクダミ茶; literally "Houttuynia cordata tea") is an infusion made from Houttuynia cordata leaves, Oolong tea leaves, and Job's Tears.[1]
Lizard Tail is an invasive species in many areas in the United States and Australia.[2] Even the less vigorous forms will spread beyond an apt gardener's control if planted in any moderately moist soil. To prevent this, try planting in an old pot, sunk down into the garden soil
From my set entitled “Monarda”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/sets/72157607217954847/
In my collection entitled “The Garden”
www.flickr.com/photos/21861018@N00/collections/7215760718...
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bee_balm
Monarda (bee balm, horsemint, oswego tea, or bergamot) is a genus consisting of roughly 16 species of erect, herbaceous annual or perennial plants in the Lamiaceae, indigenous to North America. Ranging in height from 1 to 3 feet (0.2 to 0.9 m), the plants have an equal spread, with slender and long-tapering (lanceolate) leaves; the leaves are opposite on stem, smooth to nearly hairy, lightly serrated margins, and range from 3 to 6 inches (7 to 14 cm) long. In all species, the leaves, when crushed, exude a spicy, highly fragrant oil. Of the species listed, M. didyma (Oswego Tea) contains the highest concentration of this oil.[1]
The genus was named for Nicolás Monardes who wrote a book in 1574 describing plants found in the New World.
Several Bee Balm species (Monarda fistulosa and Monarda didyma) have a long history of use as a medicinal plants by many Native Americans including the Blackfeet, Menominee, Objibwe, Winnebago and others. The Blackfeet Indians recognized the strong antiseptic action of these plants, and used poultices of the plant for skin infections and minor wounds. A tea made from the plant was also used to treat mouth and throat infections caused by dental caries and gingivitis. Bee Balm is the natural source of the antiseptic Thymol, the primary active ingredient in modern commercial mouthwash formulas. The Winnebago used a tea made from bee Balm as a general stimulant. Bee Balm was also used as a carminative herb by Native Americans to treat excessive flatulence. [2][3]
Although somewhat bitter due to the thymol content in the plants leaves and buds, the plant has a very similar flavor to oregano, to which it is closely related. Bee Balm was traditionally used by Native Americans as a seasoning for wild game, particularly birds. The plants are widespread across North America and can be found in moist meadows, hillsides, and forest clearings up to 5,000 feet in elevation. [2]
Monarda species include annual and perennial upright growing herbaceous plants with lanceolate to ovate shaped leaves. The flowers are tubular with bilateral symmetry and bilabiate; with upper lips narrow and the lower ones broader and spreading or deflexed. The flowers are single or in some cultivated forms double, generally hermaphroditic with 2 stamens. Plant bloom in mid to late-summer and the flowers are produced in dense profusion at the ends of the stem and/or in the stem axils, the flowers typically are in crowded into head-like clusters with leafy bracts. Flower colors vary, with wild forms of the plant having crimson-red to red, pink and light purple. M. didyma has bright, carmine red blossoms; M. fistulosa -- the "true" wild bergamot -- has smokey pink flowers. M. citriodora and M. pectinata have light lavender to lilac-colored blooms and have slightly decreased flower quantities. Both species are commonly referred to as "Lemon Mint." There are over 50 commercial cultivars and hybrids, ranging in color from candy-apple red to pure white to deep blue, but these plants tend to be smaller than wild species, and often developed to combat climatic or pest conditions. "M.didyma" species can grow up to 6 feet tall. Seed collected from hybrids — as with most hybridized plants — does not produce identical plants to the parent.
The Monarda plants prefer full sun and moist yet well-drained soil. Plants established in partial shade or filtered sun have higher incidences of rapid horizontal spread and flower less. An aggressive plant in the South-eastern United States, Bergamots can grow in a wide variety of soil conditions. Powdery mildew, rust, and (rarely) tobacco mosaic viruses disrupt established plants on occasion, but the plants are in general highly resistant to most wilts and viruses and are not easily damaged. Used most frequently in areas in need of naturalization, Monarda is often used in beds and borders to encourage and increase the appearance of hummingbirds, pollinating insects, and because of oils present in its roots is sometimes used to companion plant around small vegetable crops susceptible to subterranean pests. While seed should be stratified briefly before starting, seed may be cast directly or started in coldframes or greenhouses at soil temperatures approaching 70° Fahrenheit. Generally, propagation occurs by hardwood and softwood cuttings, root cuttings, layering, and division; the latter, quite frequently, is the most popular method out of necessity: the plant should be divided every 3 to 5 years to reduce spread, keep the central core of the plant healthy, preclude root rot, and improve air circulation about the foliage.
Bee balm is considered a good plant to grow with tomatoes, ostensibly improving both health and flavor. It also is a good companion plant in general, attracting pollinators and some predatory/parasitic insects that hunt garden pests.
Monarda species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species including case-bearers of the genus Coleophora including C. heinrichella (feeds exclusively on M. fistulosa), C. monardae (feeds exclusively on Monarda spp) and C. monardella (feeds exclusively on M. fistulosa).
The Bergamot of the Monarda species should not be confused with the popular flavoring used in Earl Grey tea. Dried leaves may be used for teas or aromatherapies, but the odor is subtly different from Citrus bergamia, the Earl Grey flavoring. For medicinal usage, Monarda has been known to treat headaches and fevers by infusing crushed leaves in boiling water.
Entitled: Empress Gobele Wan-Rong [c1920-1940] by an unknown court photographer [RESTORED]. I retouched out spots, increased the contrast, and intensified the saturation of what looked to be a hand tinted original.
One of the sadder stories that arose from the end of the Qing monarchy was the story of Wan Rong, otherwise known as the Last Empress of China 婉容皇后. She was chosen at the age of 17 to marry a powerless monarch. This beautiful well educated girl from one of Manchuria's best families was to be turned into a wasted emotionally wrecked drug addict by her loveless marriage in 1922 to the last emperor of China, PuYi 溥儀. Cast by the same ill political winds that buffeted her husband, she was rumored to have had an illicit affair with her driver, resulting in a scandalous pregnancy that was hushed up with the murder of the delivered baby and the exile of the paramour. Following the defeat of the Japanese empire and their lost hold of Manchuria, she eventually fell into the hands of communist forces. After a short period, she died in prison reportedly from a combination of malnutrition and opium withdrawal in 1946, at the age of 39.
Despite Wan Rong's seeming fairy tale marriage to Qing royalty, it was to bring her nothing but pain, suffering, humiliation, and an unfortunate early death.
Mural entitled "Patrick 3.0" by Joey D. aka @joeyd76 seen on the north wall of the Ozinga Ready-mix yard on North Mendell in the Wicker Park area of Chicago.
Photo by James aka @urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee.
Mural entitled "Are You My Mother?" by Carrie Jadus aka @jadusfineart seen at 515 22nd Avenue South in St Petersburg, Florida.
Photo by James aka Urbanmuralhunter on that other photo site.
Edit by Teee
Entitled: China, Kuan Hsien Temple [1908] EH Wilson [RESTORED] I did simple spotting, contrast and tonal corrections, along with evening the sky.
The picture was found using Harvard University's VIA (Visual Information Access) Engine. Their Record Identifier number is: olvwork177705. The original is on repository at the Arnold Arboretum Horticulture Library of Harvard University.
Other information included states:
"Walled temple complex with ornate roofs and a grove of trees, China - Kuan Hsien Temple with Bamboo and Nanmu Trees (Machilus Bournei Hemsl.) Altitude 2700 ft."
It also identifies the present day location as Guan Xian, Sichuan Sheng, China.
Taken from a photograph album entitled 'War Activities,' Wallsend Slipway and Engineering Company Ltd. Collection
Date: 1914 - 1918
Reference no. DS.WS/143/3 (pg 34)
This photograph was selected by Charles Bell as part of the 'Uncovering Archives Photography' Workshop held at Tyne and Wear Museums and Archives in November 2012. See Charles' response to this image here: www.flickr.com/photos/thistoowillpass/8365535382/in/pool-...
Find out more about the project here: www.flickr.com/groups/uncoveringarchivesphotography/
(Copyright) We're happy for you to share this digital image within the spirit of The Commons. Please cite 'Tyne & Wear Archives & Museums' when reusing. Certain restrictions on high quality reproductions and commercial use of the original physical version apply though; if you're unsure please email archives@twmuseums.org.uk