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Fashion design is the art of the application of design and aesthetics or natural beauty to clothing and accessories. Fashion design is influenced by cultural and social latitudes, and has varied over time and place. Fashion designers work in a number of ways in designing clothing and accessories such as bracelets and necklace, because of the time required to bring a garment onto the market, must at times anticipate changing consumer tastes.
Fashion designers attempt to design clothes which are functional as well as aesthetically pleasing. They must consider who is likely to wear a garment and the situations in which it will be worn. They have a wide range and combinations of materials to work with and a wide range of colors, patterns and styles to choose from. Though most clothing worn for everyday wear falls within a narrow range of conventional styles, unusual garments are usually sought for special occasions such as evening wear or party dresses.
Some clothes are made specifically for an individual, as in the case of haute couture or bespoke tailoring. Today, most clothing is designed for the mass market, especially casual and every-day wear.
Structure[edit]
Fashion designers can work in a number of many ways. Fashion designers may work full-time for one fashion as 'in-house designers' which owns the designs. They may work alone or as part of a team. Freelance designers work for themselves, selling their designs to fashion houses, directly to shops, or to clothing manufacturers. The garments bear the buyer's label. Some fashion designers set up their own labels, under which their designs are marketed. Some fashion designers are self-employed and design for individual clients. Other high-fashion designers cater to specialty stores or high-fashion department stores. These designers create original garments, as well as those that follow established fashion trends. Most fashion designers, however, work for apparel manufacturers, creating designs of men’s, women’s, and children’s fashions for the mass market. Large designer brands which have a 'name' as their brand such as Abercrombie & Fitch, Justice, or Juicy are likely to be designed by a team of individual designers under the direction of a designer director.
Designing a garment[edit]
Fashion designers work in different ways. Some sketch their ideas on paper, while others drape fabric on a dress form. When a designer is completely satisfied with the fit of the toile (or muslin), he or she will consult a professional pattern maker who then makes the finished, working version of the pattern out of card or via a computerized system. The pattern maker's job is very precise and painstaking. The fit of the finished garment depends on their accuracy. Finally, a sample garment is made up and tested on a model to make sure it is an operational outfit.
Fashion design is generally considered to have started in the 19th century with Charles Frederick Worth who was the first designer to have his label sewn into the garments that he created. Before the former draper set up his maison couture (fashion house) in Paris, clothing design and creation was handled by largely anonymous seamstresses, and high fashion descended from that worn at royal courts. Worth's success was such that he was able to dictate to his customers what they should wear, instead of following their lead as earlier dressmakers had done. The term couturier was in fact first created in order to describe him. While all articles of clothing from any time period are studied by academics as costume design, only clothing created after 1858 are considered as fashion design.
It was during this period that many design houses began to hire artists to sketch or paint designs for garments. The images were shown to clients, which was much cheaper than producing an actual sample garment in the workroom. If the client liked their design, they ordered it and the resulting garment made money for the house. Thus, the tradition of designers sketching out garment designs instead of presenting completed garments on models to customers began as an economy.
The garments produced by clothing manufacturers fall into three main categories, although these may be split up into additional, more specific categories
Haute couture[edit]
Main article: Haute couture
Until the 1950s, fashion clothing was predominately designed and manufactured on a made-to-measure or haute couture basis (French for high-sewing), with each garment being created for a specific client. A couture garment is made to order for an individual customer, and is usually made from high-quality, expensive fabric, sewn with extreme attention to detail and finish, often using time-consuming, hand-executed techniques. Look and fit take priority over the cost of materials and the time it takes to make.[1][2] Due to the high cost of each garment, haute couture makes little direct profit for the fashion houses, but is important for prestige and publicity.[3]
Ready-to-wear (pret-a-porter)[edit]
Main article: Ready-to-wear
Ready-to-wear clothes are a cross between haute couture and mass market. They are not made for individual customers, but great care is taken in the choice and cut of the fabric. Clothes are made in small quantities to guarantee exclusivity, so they are rather expensive. Ready-to-wear collections are usually presented by fashion houses each season during a period known as Fashion Week. This takes place on a city-wide basis and occurs twice a year. The main seasons of Fashion Week include, spring/summer, fall/winter, resort, swim, and bridal.
Mass market[edit]
Main article: Mass market
Currently the fashion industry relies more on mass market sales. The mass market caters for a wide range of customers, producing ready-to-wear garments using trends set by the famous names in fashion. They often wait around a season to make sure a style is going to catch on before producing their own versions of the original look. In order to save money and time, they use cheaper fabrics and simpler production techniques which can easily be done by machine. The end product can therefore be sold much more cheaply.[4][5][6]
There is a type of design called "kutch" design originated from the German word "kitschig" meaning "ugly" or "not aesthetically pleasing." Kitsch can also refer to "wearing or displaying something that is therefore no longer in fashion."[7] Often, high-waisted trousers, associated with the 1980s, are considered a "kitsch" fashion statement.[8]
Income[edit]
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The examples and perspective in this section may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. Please improve this article and discuss the issue on the talk page. (December 2010)
Median annual wages for salaried fashion designers were $61,160 in May 2008. The middle 50 percent earned between $42,150 and $87,120.[9] The lowest 10 percent earned less than $32,150, and the highest 10 percent earned more than $124,780. Median annual earnings were $52,860 (£28,340) in apparel, piece goods, and notions - the industry employing the largest numbers of fashion designers.[10]
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Equipment: Celestron NexStar 8SE Computerized Telescope, 80mm PHD guide scope.
Camera: Canon T1i
Exposure: 31 shots stack at 400 iso 1/2000.
Location: Valencia, Venezuela
Date/Time: May 31, 2010 at 22:30
Diefenbunker: Canada's Cold War Museum
OTTAWA SEMI-AUTOMATIC EXCHANGE (OSAX)
Inevitably, computerization replaced earlier communications technologies. The OSAX computers were cutting edge and top secret in the early 1980s.
The original Burroughs 4800 mainframe computers, similar to the ones here, were enormous, both in terms of size and relative processing power. They handled more than 100,000 messages per month, and connected the Bunker to Canadian and allied military bases around the globe.
The room rests on a raised platform. Underneath, cables connect the computers and a ventilation system cools the hard-working equipment. Once the doors are closed, the OSAX is what the military calls a "TEMPEST room", shielded from floor to ceiling in metal to prevent electronic eavesdropping.
The computers' sole connection to the outside world was via secure optic fibre; data was stored on large magnetic tapes. The average smartphone has more computing power-but just try to get a signal in the Bunker.
Teletype machines were also in use in OSAX. Starting in the early 1990s, large computers were phased out in favour of PCs.
“…there were a lot of places in here that were restricted... OSAX was the most restricted area."
Janet Puddicombe, Teletype Operator/Communicator
(1981-1987)
A computerized light show put on by the students of the College of Science and Engineering at the University of Minnesota.
Hikkim. World's highest post office and postman.
And it is fully computerized ! (when electricity is on)
89741524 :Piction ID--Computerized Machine 1973---Please tag these photos so information can be recorded.---- Digitization of this image made possible by a generous grant from the NHPRC: NHPRC and the San Diego Air and Space Museum
Computerized Mechanical Ventilation: How Long Will We Stand in the Way?; by Brian K. Walsh, BS, MBA, RRT-NPS, ACCS, RPFT, FAARC. Lifescience Resources photo by Eric Tessmer
From Wikipedia: The Sector Clock was a fundamental part of Ground-controlled interception before modern computerized systems were put in place for airspace control. The clock face had a 12 hour dial and an inner ring for the 24 hour time widely used by the military and was marked with red, blue and yellow triangular segments. The position of the sighted aircraft was recorded, together with the colour of the triangle beneath the minute hand at the time of sighting. This data was then reported to sector headquarters such as RAF Bentley Priory, where counters representing each air raid were placed on a large table, which had a map of the UK overlaid and squared off with a British Modified Grid. The colour of counter to use for a new sighting was determined by the time of the sighting, the proper colour being indicated by the minute hand of the clock. As the plots of the raiding aircraft moved, the counters were pushed across the map by magnetic "rakes". This system enabled "Fighter Controllers" to see very quickly where each formation was heading and allowing an estimate to be made of possible targets. The age of the information was readily apparent from the colour of the counter. Because of the simplicity of the system, decisions could be made quickly and easily.
Jess presents the AAII Dividend Investing Program at the March 19, 2015 meeting of the American Association of Individual Investors (AAII) Computerized Investing Special Interest Group (SIG). Mary, Al, Jay, and Ed listen and watch.
Palasad North Manager Marty Novak tests out a new computerized pin-setting system Friday evening. The system should be fully operational by Sunday
Stadium seating, multiple jumbotrons, computerized soundboard and video, the works. And that's just in the new sanctuary (the far right portion of the main building). The middle section (the former sanctuary) contains an auditorium large enough that it hosts a local community college's graduation ceremony each year. The building on the left is for their "food ministry". Not pictured is the early 19th century 2 story brick farmhouse that is also on the property but sits much further right out of the frame. I took this picture from about a quarter or a third of a mile away just to get as much in as I could.
the two on the left were built in 1909 and donated by the Sara Lee Corporation. the six on the right are computerized roasters with automated timers and roasting control.
The noise is the micro drive on my Meade computerized telescope goto mount that keeps the moon centered. The picture gets darker at the end as I adjust aperture from about f8 to f22. Interesting to note, as I do this a dark streak appears at the lower right portion of the moon. I had been shooting this with a small tree branch in the way but it only became noticeable when depth of field was increased by stopping down.
89741814 :Piction ID--Computerized Machine 1973---Please tag these photos so information can be recorded.---- Digitization of this image made possible by a generous grant from the NHPRC: NHPRC and the San Diego Air and Space Museum
Dr. Carole Ferrand, professor of speech-language-hearing sciences and graduate program director, demonstrates the use of the Computerized Speech Laboratory in Davison Hall.
how to make a tea - no sugar! *_____ ^
What is a 'Chai' (Arabic: شَاي, Hindi: चाय, Urdu, Persian: چاى, Russian: чай, Turkish: çay [1], ultimately from the Chinese word chá (茶) [2]) is the word for tea generally in Asia, North and East Africa and Eastern Europe. Cognates in other languages include the Bengali, Gujarati, and Punjabi chāh, and the Marathi chahā. For the etymology of chai and related words see etymology and cognates of tea.
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Alice visited us when we lived in Jerome, in June of 2000. This was taken at the casino in Camp Verde,AZ where we were waiting to catch a bus that would take her back to the airport. It's computerized, not like the old vintage booths, but still fun.
The architectural sheet metal division at Showalter Roofing exhibits how computerized sheet metal is cut and bent great speed and precision.
As part of the groundbreaking Mummies of the World exhibition’s arrival in Philadelphia, doctors and researchers utilized state-of-the-art medical technology to perform a non-invasive computerized tomography (CT) scan and laparoscopic endoscopy on a South American infant mummy and Hungarian adult female mummy, respectively, at Lankenau Medical Center on Thursday, June 9, 2011.
Photos: The Franklin Institute/ Darryl W. Moran
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My hotel was covered by a giant sunshade with computerized LEDs which was a mezmorizing lightshow at night.
Reed's Lock & Access Control has been servicing central Pennsylvania for more than 30 years. We sell, service, and install physical and electronic security hardware and software.
89741845 :Piction ID--Computerized Machine 1973---Please tag these photos so information can be recorded.---- Digitization of this image made possible by a generous grant from the NHPRC: NHPRC and the San Diego Air and Space Museum
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