View allAll Photos Tagged ClimateScience,
Reverend Tim Hewes, a member of Christian Climate Action, sews his lips shut outside News UK offices in protest against the silencing of climate science by Rupert Murdoch and News Corp, London, 2 August 2021.
Reverend Tim Hewes, a member of Christian Climate Action, sews his lips shut outside News UK offices in protest against the silencing of climate science by Rupert Murdoch and News Corp, London, 2 August 2021.
Reverend Tim Hewes, a member of Christian Climate Action, sews his lips shut outside News UK offices in protest against the silencing of climate science by Rupert Murdoch and News Corp, London, 2 August 2021.
Reverend Tim Hewes, a member of Christian Climate Action, sews his lips shut outside News UK offices in protest against the silencing of climate science by Rupert Murdoch and News Corp, London, 2 August 2021.
Expedition member, Sergiu, climbing down the rock side to take measurements on a local glacier. One of several glaciers, or "kangris", located deep in Phyang valley, it's topography was responsible for the glacial outbreak flood of August 2010 wiping out the entire village of Phyang, Ladakh. Our expedition objective consisted of mapping remote glaciers and measuring adjacent debris flows left by the 'cloudburst' storm event of August 2010 that severely affected the whole region of Ladakh. Although there is no direct human interference with its preservation, the glaciers are receding at alarming rates due to the effects of global climate change.
© Christopher L. Rubey, 2013
All rights reserved.
www.chrisrubey.com
Thomas Osore Omulako, 74, a rainmaker in the Nganyi community shows his maize farm. The Nganyi community is a largely subsistence farming community. Therefore, much of the income of the community and their source of livelihood is very much dependent on rainfall.
"When rains fail then we don’t have food" says Thomas Osore Omulako, "That is why it is important that when the rains fail, we have to act fast to help. Everyone depends on it."
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
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DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Sandia National Laboratories unmanned aerial system expert Dave Novick examines an octocopter prior to the first joint balloon-UAS test in May.
Photo by Randy Montoya.
IPCC AR4 analyses and reports the work of thousands of scientists working on research relevant to our understanding of climate science. A few scientists disagree. (This is normal, but that does not mean we need to let the few denialists outwit the large majority of honest science professionals.)
As the UN climate talks (COP18) open in Qatar, a UK climate activist sends reminder to Doha: if governments allow very high emissions, the world could be heading towards 6°C global warming by 2100.
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Please let me know beforehand if you would like to use my photographs. Copyright © Adela Nistora (www.adelanistora.com)
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See '4 degrees' version here.
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Please read below and share to inform and to raise awareness. It is critical that everyone understands the scale and urgency of the problem.
CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE NEXT 100 YEARS
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that temperatures will increase by up to 6°C over the next hundred years. The key uncertainty here is not how the atmosphere will behave, but how humans will behave. Will seven or more billion humans continue to seek fuel-hungry lifestyles, with cars, aeroplanes, and all the rest? Or will they develop cleaner energy sources and tread more lightly on the planet?
Here’s what – if they happen – each of these degree rises in temperature might mean for the planet and our society:
ONE DEGREE:
•Deserts invade the High Plains of the United States, in a much worse repeat of the 1930s dustbowl. While the epicentre is Nebraska, states from Ontario in the north to Texas in the south suffer severe agricultural losses.
•Africa’s highest peaks lose their ice. This affects downstream water supply, wildlife and bio-diversity.
•The Gulf Stream switches off – perhaps plunging Britain and Europe into icy winter cold.
•Rare species, like forest-dwelling frogs, possums and tree kangaroos, are wiped out in Queensland rainforest, Australia, as warming erodes their habitat.
•Coral reefs around the world suffer increasing losses from bleaching and are wiped out, with the Great Barrier Reef largely destroyed by 2030.
•Island nations submerge under the rising seas, threatening the lives of ¼ million people on Tuvalu, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tokelau and the Maldives.
TWO DEGREES:
•Oceans turn increasingly acidic, further hitting coral reefs and endangering the marine ecosystem.
•Greenland tips into irreversible melt, accelerating sea-level rise and threatening coastal cities around the world.
•One summer in two has heat waves as strong as 2003’s disaster in Europe.
•Drought, fire and searing heat strike the Mediterranean basin.
•Declining snowfalls threaten water supplies in California.
•Monsoons increase in India and Bangladesh leading to mass migration.
•Polar bears, walruses and other ice-dependent marine mammals become extinct in the Arctic as the icecap disappears.
•A third of species worldwide face extinction as the climate changes.
THREE DEGREES:
•The Kalahari desert spreads across Botswana, engulfing the capital in sand dunes, and driving millions of refugees out to surrounding countries.
•A permanent El Niño grips the Pacific, causing weather chaos around the world, and drought in the Amazon.
•Water runs short in Perth, Sydney and other parts of Australia away from the far north and south.
•Agriculture shifts into the far north – Norway’s growing season becomes like southern England is today. But with declines in the tropics due to heat and drought, the world tips into net food deficit.
•Hurricanes strike the tropics that are half a category stronger than today’s, with higher wind speeds and rainfall. Wind speeds in the strongest storms could rise to 200 miles per hour.
•The Indus River runs dry due to glacial retreat in the Himalayas, forcing millions of refugees to flee Pakistan. Possible nuclear conflict with India over water supply.
•The whole Amazonian ecosystem collapses in a conflagration of fire and destruction – desert and savannah eventually take over where the world’s largest rainforest once stood. Huge amounts of carbon pour into the atmosphere, adding another degree to global warming.
FOUR DEGREES:
•Most of the Nile Delta is threatened by rising seas, as a third of Bangladesh. Tens of millions more become climate refugees.
•Southern Europe becomes like the Sahara, with deserts spreading in Spain and Portugal. People move north into temperate refuges in Scandinavia and the British Isles, which become increasingly overcrowded, resulting in further conflict.
•Major cities such as Mumbai, Shanghai, Boston, New York and London are inundated.
•West Antarctica ice sheet potentially collapses, pumping five metres of water into global sea levels.
•All glaciers disappear from the Alps, further reducing water supplies in central Europe.
•Permafrost melt in the Siberia releases billions of tonnes of methane and carbon dioxide, meaning that global warming spirals upward.
FIVE DEGREES:
•Earth hotter than at any time for 55 million years.
•Desert belts expand from the subtropics into temperate regions.
•Methane hydrate is released from underneath the oceans, sparking tsunamis in coastal regions and pushing global warming into an unstoppable spiral.
•Civilization collapses as humanity is unable to cope.
•Much of the world in uninhabitable.
SIX DEGREES:
•Mass extinction scenario: the end-Permian mass extinction 251 million years ago was associated with six degrees of warming, and wiped out 90% of life on earth. No one is sure what happened, but a combination of volcanic CO2 releases and methane hydrates may have been the cause. (This was much worse than the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, 65 million years ago, which wiped out the dinosaurs.)
•Huge firestorms sweep the planet as methane hydrate fireballs ignite.
•Seas turn anoxic (without oxygen) and release poisonous hydrogen sulphide.
•Humanity’s very survival as a species is in question.
(Note: this list is from Collin’s Gem - Carbon Counter and it is a very potted summary of a book called Six Degrees, by Mark Lynas, published in 2007)
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If none of this sounds very appealing then help to avoid these disasters by reducing your contribution to climate change. It's not too late to act but time is rapidly running out.
---
The target of TWO DEGREES has been fixed as a danger line that must not be crossed. The upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 parts per million (ppm). Today’s level of CO2 is 390 ppm (co2now.org/current-co2/co2-now/)
As the UN climate negotiations (COP18) continue in Qatar, a UK climate activist sends reminder to Doha: if governments delay global emissions cuts by 2050 the world could be heading towards 4°C global warming by the end of the century.
---
Please let me know beforehand if you would like to use my photographs. Copyright © Adela Nistora (www.adelanistora.com)
---
See '6 degrees' version here.
---
Please read below and share to inform and to raise awareness. It is critical that everyone understands the scale and urgency of the problem.
CLIMATE CHANGE OVER THE NEXT 100 YEARS
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) states that temperatures will increase by up to 6°C over the next hundred years. The key uncertainty here is not how the atmosphere will behave, but how humans will behave. Will seven or more billion humans continue to seek fuel-hungry lifestyles, with cars, aeroplanes, and all the rest? Or will they develop cleaner energy sources and tread more lightly on the planet?
Here’s what – if they happen – each of these degree rises in temperature might mean for the planet and our society:
ONE DEGREE:
•Deserts invade the High Plains of the United States, in a much worse repeat of the 1930s dustbowl. While the epicentre is Nebraska, states from Ontario in the north to Texas in the south suffer severe agricultural losses.
•Africa’s highest peaks lose their ice. This affects downstream water supply, wildlife and bio-diversity.
•The Gulf Stream switches off – perhaps plunging Britain and Europe into icy winter cold.
•Rare species, like forest-dwelling frogs, possums and tree kangaroos, are wiped out in Queensland rainforest, Australia, as warming erodes their habitat.
•Coral reefs around the world suffer increasing losses from bleaching and are wiped out, with the Great Barrier Reef largely destroyed by 2030.
•Island nations submerge under the rising seas, threatening the lives of ¼ million people on Tuvalu, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, Tokelau and the Maldives.
TWO DEGREES:
•Oceans turn increasingly acidic, further hitting coral reefs and endangering the marine ecosystem.
•Greenland tips into irreversible melt, accelerating sea-level rise and threatening coastal cities around the world.
•One summer in two has heat waves as strong as 2003’s disaster in Europe.
•Drought, fire and searing heat strike the Mediterranean basin.
•Declining snowfalls threaten water supplies in California.
•Monsoons increase in India and Bangladesh leading to mass migration.
•Polar bears, walruses and other ice-dependent marine mammals become extinct in the Arctic as the icecap disappears.
•A third of species worldwide face extinction as the climate changes.
THREE DEGREES:
•The Kalahari desert spreads across Botswana, engulfing the capital in sand dunes, and driving millions of refugees out to surrounding countries.
•A permanent El Niño grips the Pacific, causing weather chaos around the world, and drought in the Amazon.
•Water runs short in Perth, Sydney and other parts of Australia away from the far north and south.
•Agriculture shifts into the far north – Norway’s growing season becomes like southern England is today. But with declines in the tropics due to heat and drought, the world tips into net food deficit.
•Hurricanes strike the tropics that are half a category stronger than today’s, with higher wind speeds and rainfall. Wind speeds in the strongest storms could rise to 200 miles per hour.
•The Indus River runs dry due to glacial retreat in the Himalayas, forcing millions of refugees to flee Pakistan. Possible nuclear conflict with India over water supply.
•The whole Amazonian ecosystem collapses in a conflagration of fire and destruction – desert and savannah eventually take over where the world’s largest rainforest once stood. Huge amounts of carbon pour into the atmosphere, adding another degree to global warming.
FOUR DEGREES:
•Most of the Nile Delta is threatened by rising seas, as a third of Bangladesh. Tens of millions more become climate refugees.
•Southern Europe becomes like the Sahara, with deserts spreading in Spain and Portugal. People move north into temperate refuges in Scandinavia and the British Isles, which become increasingly overcrowded, resulting in further conflict.
•Major cities such as Mumbai, Shanghai, Boston, New York and London are inundated.
•West Antarctica ice sheet potentially collapses, pumping five metres of water into global sea levels.
•All glaciers disappear from the Alps, further reducing water supplies in central Europe.
•Permafrost melt in the Siberia releases billions of tonnes of methane and carbon dioxide, meaning that global warming spirals upward.
FIVE DEGREES:
•Earth hotter than at any time for 55 million years.
•Desert belts expand from the subtropics into temperate regions.
•Methane hydrate is released from underneath the oceans, sparking tsunamis in coastal regions and pushing global warming into an unstoppable spiral.
•Civilization collapses as humanity is unable to cope.
•Much of the world in uninhabitable.
SIX DEGREES:
•Mass extinction scenario: the end-Permian mass extinction 251 million years ago was associated with six degrees of warming, and wiped out 90% of life on earth. No one is sure what happened, but a combination of volcanic CO2 releases and methane hydrates may have been the cause. (This was much worse than the end-Cretaceous mass extinction, 65 million years ago, which wiped out the dinosaurs.)
•Huge firestorms sweep the planet as methane hydrate fireballs ignite.
•Seas turn anoxic (without oxygen) and release poisonous hydrogen sulphide.
•Humanity’s very survival as a species is in question.
(Note: this list is from Collin’s Gem - Carbon Counter and it is a very potted summary of a book called Six Degrees, by Mark Lynas, published in 2007)
---
If none of this sounds very appealing then help to avoid these disasters by reducing your contribution to climate change. It's not too late to act but time is rapidly running out.
---
The target of TWO DEGREES has been fixed as a danger line that must not be crossed. The upper safety limit for atmospheric CO2 is 350 parts per million (ppm). Today’s level of CO2 is 390 ppm (co2now.org/current-co2/co2-now/)
Sandia National Laboratories researchers Thushara Gunda, front, and Nicole Jackson examine solar panels at Sandia’s Photovoltaic Systems Evaluation Laboratory as summer monsoon clouds roll by. Using machine learning and data from solar farms across the U.S., they uncovered the age of a solar farm, as well as the amount of cloud cover, have pronounced effects on farm performance during severe weather.
Learn more at bit.ly/3jwt0iW.
Photo by Randy Montoya
Sandia National Laboratories researcher Guangping Xu adds coal ash into a citric acid mixture. This solution will be fed into a reactor — operating at about 70 times atmospheric pressure — where supercritical carbon dioxide aids citric acid in extracting rare-earth metals.
Learn more at bit.ly/3GnuIfK
Photo by Rebecca Lynne Gustaf
Another view of the alleged "turbine " house. There will be numerous other turbines from this point back towards the Pahiatua track on private land in front of the Turitea reserve. A huge compensation package has been offered to the Australian owners of this house and farmland.
The developers have refused to reveal to the public photomontages or a landscape plan - hardly surprising when the turbine planned for the site of this house is more than TWENTY TIMES higher than the house itself !
NEWS FLASH !
The Motorimu commissioners citing landscape, noise and cultural concerns have cut the allowable number of turbines for the Motorimu scheme from 127 to 75.
This decision has made it virtually impossible for the Turitea wind farm to proceed whatever the outcome of the court case. Mighty River Power it's time for you to beat a tactical retreat and avoid another PR disaster . However, before you go, demand back the money you handed out to those wealthy landowners who hoped to make a fortune off the backs of their hapless neighbours.
WERE MASSEY UNIVERSITY AND INTERNATIONAL PACIFIC COLLEGE CONSULTED ?
THEY WILL BE COMPLETELY DOMINATED BY AN IMAGE DAMAGING FOREST OF GODZILLA TURBINES YET THEY ARE THE BIGGEST CONTRIBUTORS TO THE CITY'S ECONOMY.
Read the Halkema report.
www.countryguardian.net/halkema-windenergyfactfiction.pdf
THE FOLLOWING LINKS HAVE BEEN PROVIDED TO GIVE BALANCE TO THE PREDICTIONS OF CLIMATE ALARMISTS. DESPITE CLAIMS TO THE CONTRARY THE SCIENCE IS NOT DONE AND DUSTED, IT IS EVOLVING. PNCC HAS SEIZED ON THIS ALARMISM TO JUSTIFY ITS UNPRECEDENTED ATTACK ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND ORDINARY CITIZEN'S PROPERTY AND AMENITY RIGHTS.
AND HERE'S WHY.
COUNCIL DEBT NOW $136.2 MILLION, BY THE END OF THE NEXT FINANCIAL YEAR $172 MILLION. 18 MONTHS FROM NOW THE CITY FACES AN ANNUAL INTEREST BILL OF $21.7 MILLION.
Get ready for global cooling.
www.canada.com/nationalpost/financialpost/comment/story.h...
Severe climate change unlikely before we run out of fossil fuel
www.onlineopinion.com.au/view.asp?article=5933
National Geographic report on North American droughts.
news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2007/05/070524-drought.html
Prof. David Bellamy's views.
An alternative view of global warming.
NEW BRITISH CHANNEL 4 DOCUMENTARY ON GLOBAL WARMING.
Commentary on the Channel 4 documentary.
www.independent.org/newsroom/article.asp?id=1945
More here.
Video interview with Dr Ball climate scientist.
www.youtube.com/watch?v=DwlqDIVCy1M&eurl=
IPCC ice core CO2 data unreliable.
www.canada.com/nationalpost/news/story.html?id=25526754-e...
DNA reveals Greenland's lush past
news.bbc.co.uk:80/2/hi/science/nature/6276576.stm
Global warming " We're all gonna die " Fortunately cooler heads will prevail.
groups.google.com/group/alt.global-warming/msg/60d407bf08...?
Take the climate test.
WOULD THESE SCIENTISTS ADVOCATE WIND TURBINES TO " COUNTER " GLOBAL WARMING ?
""Historically, the claim of consensus has been the first refuge of scoundrels; it is a way to avoid debate by claiming that the matter is already settled. Whenever you hear the consensus of scientists agrees on something or other, reach for your wallet, because you're being had."
More here.
"I was on the payroll of the global-warming industry"
Electricity use in NZ will drop if this catches on as the country's economy will be severely stressed by EU consumers rejecting our exports. AGW is a catch 22.
YET ANOTHER DOCUMENTARY YOU CAN WATCH ONLINE.
video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-3309910462407994295&...
"GLOBAL WARMING" HITS MARS.
Neptune warming up too, there's no denying it.
www.worldclimatereport.com/index.php/2007/05/08/neptune-n...
Here's the truth about carbon credits.
www.ft.com/cms/s/48e334ce-f355-11db-9845-000b5df10621.html
More here.
IF ALL ELSE FAILS WE COULD EVEN TRY LOGICAL COMMONSENSE.
www.canada.com/components/print.aspx?id=d84e4100-44e4-4b9...
How lives have been blighted by turbines in the UK.
The politics of wind.
A review of the apocalyptic predictions in " Six degrees "
1934 not 1998 the hottest year in the US since records began - climate alarmists running for cover.
www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/main.jhtml?xml=/earth/2007/08/1...
icecap.us/index.php/go/joes-blog/new_rankings_for_warmest...
Europe's recent weather.
www.dailymail.co.uk/pages/live/articles/news/news.html?in...
news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/6915309.stm
The Irish debate nuclear in a mature fashion - video available here.
www.rte.ie/news/2007/0802/primetime_av.html?2276046,null,230
Germany's imaginative use of solar energy has created a booming industry.
We should be doing this.
www.reuters.com/article/scienceNews/idUSL2389939520070730...
business.guardian.co.uk:80/story/0,,2132527,00.html
CHECK OUT THE LINKS ON THIS PHOTO TOO.
www.flickr.com/photos/thegreatoutdoors/344967173/
Absolutely hilarious article for the terminally confused.
www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=371&idli=1
The E.U.'s Wind Power Self-Deception.
www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=588
Hot Air - The False Promises of Wind Power Generation.
www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=509&idli=1
Let commonsense prevail in NZ.
www.scoop.co.nz/stories/PO0708/S00294.htm
Wind 35% reliable and needs thermal backup - Genesis.
tvnz.co.nz/view/page/536641/1330063
New Peer-Reviewed Scientific Studies Chill Global Warming Fears
epw.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?FuseAction=Minority.Blogs...
There is no shortage of wind in the densely-populated Netherlands but there is a shortage of space and in a nation which likes its houses small and its gardens cosy, opposition to wind farms is immense.
www.planetark.org/dailynewsstory.cfm/newsid/44116/story.htm
Some "green " satire aimed at the Hare Krishna climate warming club, Prius driving cornucopians who inhabit our Council buildings.
www.youtube.com:80/watch?v=i79a1Sr73uw
Arctic ice retreats dramatically while Antarctic ice expands to a near record.
arctic.atmos.uiuc.edu/cryosphere/
The sea ice in the arctic has retreated before and ships have made the journey acrosss the " top " of the world.
www.framheim.com/Amundsen/NWP/NWPassage.html
CO2
www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=636
We risk looking like real fools a few years from now.
www.energytribune.com/articles.cfm?aid=544&idli=1
Water supplies a worry around the world.
wwhttp://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/28/world/asia/28water.ht...
Droughts in the US nothing new - worth listening to.
www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=12313268
Are sunspots prime suspects in global warming?
www.csmonitor.com/2007/0927/p13s03-sten.html
Arctic versus Antarctica - all you ever needed to know.
www.climatescience.org.nz/images/PDFs/ice factsheet.pdf
Greenland
www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/article/4183/
If you want a turbine powered future go to the UK - what a joke.
www.spiked-online.com/index.php?/site/earticle/4173/
Another view on AGW
Time for the IPCC to fess up.
canadafreepress.com/printpage.php
New York Times
www.nytimes.com/2008/01/01/science/01tier.html?_r=1&o...
GLOBAL WARMING? IT’S THE COLDEST WINTER IN DECADES
www.express.co.uk/posts/view/35266/Global-warming-It-s-th...
Where have all the sunspots gone?
wattsupwiththat.wordpress.com/2008/02/13/where-have-all-t...
World temperatures drop.
www.dailytech.com/Temperature+Monitors+Report+Worldwide+G...
The latest on global warming.
www.middlebury.net/op-ed/global-warming-01.html
and Antarctica
www.worldclimatereport.com/index.php/2008/02/27/antarctic...
Gore in a panic.
www.onenewsnow.com/Culture/Default.aspx?id=74121
Oceans have stopped warming.
www.enterstageright.com/archive/articles/0408/0408globalw...
The good old BBC gets it wrong again.
scienceandpublicpolicy.org/images/stories/papers/scarewat...
NBR article.
www.nbr.co.nz/home/column_article.asp?id=21153&cid=39...
The role of the oceans in climate variations.
icecap.us/images/uploads/OceansandCO2EngrsAustapr08.pdf
Oldest tree ever found in Sweden, a discovery which debunks global warming.
newsbusters.org/blogs/noel-sheppard/2008/04/17/worlds-old...
NZ scientist Bob Carter talking sense on climate change - video.
www.youtube.com:80/watch?v=hgaeyMa3jyU
Please note comments which have been derogatory of the Mayor, councillors and PNCC have been deleted. It is our aim to have an informed debate about our energy future. Wind farmers who have posted ridiculous comments and without revealing their conflict of interest have also had their comments deleted.
"Skeptical scrutiny in both Science and Religion is the means by which deep thoughts are winnowed from deep nonsense"-Carl Sagan
Climate science is often confusing. However, there are a number of relatively simple ways to frame the issue.
This diagram includes the main elements of climate science, moving from emissions to impacts. It also includes, in the coloured boxes, elements that are often overlooked or forgotten by non-scientists.
Youth holding signs at the School Strike on Friday Washington DC Mall in support of taking action on Climate Change. Thanks to Sunrise Movement and Greta Thunberg for pushing for the change and raising awareness.
Our photos are released under Creative Commons. It would be much appreciated that if you use any photo in our collections please give proper credit to "Earth And Main" and a link to our website would be even better - www.earthandmain.tv
If you want to use for instagram or other social media then please use our social media handle @EarthAndMain
water vapor ,more help for the greenhouse gases to help increase the global warming...yes bla bla only...shot out more to the atmosphere......this is the way my eye see this water gases....
Adegu David shows the scientific processes of gathering and monitoring data at the meteorological weather station in Kisumu.
"We continuously are in monitoring stages. The information on trends and patterns of weather is then shared with the indigenous rainmakers to help add to their own knowledge."
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Obedi Osore Nganyi (right), instructs Reuben Asitwa Okonda on how to do the pot blowing. Reuben Asitwa Okonda, 34, is an apprentice of the senior rainmakers of Nganyi community.
The knowledge of rainmaking has been passed down the generations along family lines. The knowledge is normally passed to a son of one of the rainmakers.
Reuben explains that he was nominated by his late father who himself was a senior rainmaker in the community. "It’s an honour to be nominated for a respectable responsibility in the community."
When they start training, it is expected that rainmakers have already started families. "I now have a complete family with wives and children. Now it’s acceptable for me to take on this responsibility which is demanding."
Reuben has been an apprentice since 2006. Obedi explains that the learning process has an unlimited period of time. "He has to practice with us and learn in the process. He is only ready when we feel that he is committed to the responsibility and has a genuine feeling for it."
The apprentice in most of the learning period also acts as the assistant to the rainmakers. During the rainmaking activities in the shrines, the rainmakers sometimes stay for hours or even days in the shrines and at this point it is normally the work of the assistant to keep them supplied with food and water.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Expedition member, Sergiu, climbing down the rock side to take measurements on a local glacier. One of several glaciers, or "kangris", located deep in Phyang valley, it's topography was responsible for the glacial outbreak flood of August 2010 wiping out the entire village of Phyang, Ladakh. Our expedition objective consisted of mapping remote glaciers and measuring adjacent debris flows left by the 'cloudburst' storm event of August 2010 that severely affected the whole region of Ladakh. Although there is no direct human interference with its preservation, the glaciers are receding at alarming rates due to the effects of global climate change.
© Christopher L. Rubey, 2013
All rights reserved.
www.chrisrubey.com
Thomas Osore Omulako, 74, a senior rainmaker in the Nganyi community, shows the groups of trees marking one of the rainmakers' shrines.
The rainmakers' shrines are in the middle of trees in protected land zones. There are three shrines in the community, each on about six acres of land. The shrine serves as the holy place where rainmaking and forecasting activities are performed by the community rainmakers.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Adegu David is the District Meteorological Officer working in collaboration with the Nganyi rainmakers. Here David points out the data they have collected at the meteorological weather station in Kisumu.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Adegu David, District Meteorological Officer, shares weather and climatic indicators with the rainmakers and their apprentice. Because of the role of forecasting and rainmaking in the community, the meteorological department now works in close collaboration with the rainmakers to share knowledge.
"Because of the unpredictable weather and climate changes over the recent years, there has been a need for all to share knowledge on aspects of climate change and how to deal with it," explains Adegu.
"We work with the rainmakers to understand their indigenous approaches and share our scientific knowledge and approaches. This is an empowering process that enables them to enrich their weather related knowledge with more modern scientific approaches," he adds.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
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DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Thomas Osore Omulako, 74, illustrates one of the rainmaking procedures in the shrine.
"Rain doesn't come from the sky. It all originates from the earth," says Thomas Osore Omulako, explaining how rainmakers work. "The moisture comes from the ground and evaporates to the sky, wind blows water from the lakes to the hills, which rises and forms the clouds that then fall as rain. Everything starts from the ground."
The rainmakers gather all the right herbs which are then mixed into the pot and blown through a pipe while chanting. This action is believed to be what influences the onset of rain. "It has a very immediate effect," says Thomas Osore Omulako.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
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DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Obedi Osore Nganyi, 74, a rainmaker in the Nganyi community shows the pot and other items used by the rainmakers in their rain forecasting activities.
The process of rain forecasting starts early in the season. By observing variations in the air temperature, wind and behaviour of animals, the rain forecasters are able to tell about the onset of the next rain season.
"If river water is warm, then we know that rain is close and when it's cold, we know that rain is not near," explains Thomas Osore Omulako. "There are also feelings in the body, like feeling hot and a little weak which is mostly by dull weather."
Signs are observed during a natural weather cycle. But when these signs are not observed and rain forecasters don't forsee rain or that rain will be scarce, it is then time for rainmaking activities. "At that point we have to intervene and help make rain come."
The rainmakers then go out into the forests and jungles to find particular herbs which are used in the rainmaking process. Most of the forecasting is based on knowledge and years of experience.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...
Adegu David, District Meteorological Officer discusses the information they have gathered with Thomas Osore Omulako, senior rainmaker and Reuben Asitwa Okonda, an apprentice of the senior rainmakers.
The information sharing and exchange sessions are normally organised in sessions with rainmakers, meteorological experts and other stakeholders. These sessions are held mainly to create unanimous information that is then disseminated to the general community through the rainmakers and various print materials from the meteorological department.
For more information on this project please visit:
collections.europarchive.org/tna/20100407190622/http:/www...
Photo credit: Department For International Development / International Development Research Centre /Thomas Omondi
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DFID is working to help more communities take a green path to development. As climate change threatens the livelihoods of the world’s poorest, we are helping people adapt and develop. Find out more at: collections.europarchive.org/tna/20091202075459/http:/www...