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Baltimore, Maryland
Completed 1871
"(T)here being considerable apprehension as to the safety of the dam and lake ... the water board requested three well-known engineers ... to investigate and report on the work .... After a very thorough and careful investigation, these engineers reported ... that it would be difficult to make a more perfect bank than that of Druid Lake."
- Alfred M. Quick, Chief Engineer, Baltimore Water Works, February 20, 1902
Like other American cities in the late 19th century, Baltimore had grown so quickly its supply system was unable to provide city residents with a dependable supply of water. Two reservoirs built outside the city helped increase capacity, but heavy rainfalls in the largely agricultural area tended to foul this additional water supply. City officials elected to construct a holding reservoir within the city - contained by an earthen dam - where silty water would be allowed to settle.
No such project had ever been undertaken in the United States. The site chosen was a ravine in Druid Hill Park, a public city park that contained a small stream. Beginning in 1864, Robert K. Martin, a civil engineer for the Baltimore Water Department, oversaw the design and construction of a 119-foot dam built with materials excavated from the reservoir bed. Orchestrating a careful sequence of construction steps and using readily available construction equipment, Martin pioneered design principles and building methods still in use today.
Facts
- Druid Lake Dam was the first earthen dam more than 100 feet in height built in the United States. It quickly became the forerunner of many similar projects around the country.
- Druid Lake reservoir holds 430 million gallons, and continues to provide a vital link in Baltimore's water-supply network.
- A key element of the dam's construction was the economical handling of materials. Earth and clay were transported directly to work areas from their excavation sites on temporary railroad tracks that were taken apart and relocated as work progressed.
- The dam is anchored by a five-foot-tall stone wall extending the dam's entire length -- four feet thick at the base tapering to two feet at the top, and set into solid rock. The wall, described by Robert Martin as the "tooth" of the dam, was meant to stabilize the whole structure against lateral pressure while providing an impervious barrier to water seepage.
- The core of the dam, 36 feet thick at its base, surrounds the stone wall and was made from compacted clay found at the site. The banks that encase the core on each side were constructed of compacted earth in six-inch layers, using rollers drawn by four-horse teams to compress the embankments.
- The upstream face of the dam has a 4:1 slope and the downstream face a 2:1 slope. Both were carefully finished in three-inch layers of compacted earth.
For more information on civil engineering history, go to www.asce.org/history.
Striping and Signage plan for The Genesee (AKA: Oak Meadows Apartments) located at 3715 S. 1st St., Austin, TX. (COA Case #SP-2011-0070C). Plans were approved in 2011; Construction began late 2011/early 2012.
Giethoorn is a village in the Dutch province of Overijssel. Giethoorn used to be a carfree town known in the Netherlands as "Venice of the North" or "Venice of the Netherlands". It has over 180 bridges. In the old part of the village, there were no roads (nowadays there is a cycling path), and all transport was done by water over one of the many canals. The lakes in Giethoorn were formed by peat unearthing.
Giethoorn was founded by fugitives from the Mediterranean region in around AD 1230.
Water Quality & Detention pond plan for the Toyota dealership at 4900 Weidemar Lane in Austin, TX (COA Case #SP-2009-0323C) Circa 2009
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
I went for a visit to Derby for their comedy festival and to spend the weekend with Gemma.
Saturday morning we went to Belper to the river gardens and the horseshoe weir, which is an incredible piece of civil engineering!
The gardens are lovely and tranquil. It was a great little alternative to our usual trip to Dovedale - which we called off because the weather wasn't great.
Had a lovely morning though!
Comments always appreciated, as long as you keep it clean - I love to hear your feedback! xx
I went for a visit to Derby for their comedy festival and to spend the weekend with Gemma.
Saturday morning we went to Belper to the river gardens and the horseshoe weir, which is an incredible piece of civil engineering!
The gardens are lovely and tranquil. It was a great little alternative to our usual trip to Dovedale - which we called off because the weather wasn't great.
Had a lovely morning though!
Poids en ordre de marche : 5 000 kg
Capacité de la réservoir : 10 m³
Construction de l'ensemble immobilier Les Rivages composé de 4 bâtiments pour 98 logements en accession à la propriété et d’une résidence services seniors de 115 logements.
Le projet se situe sur l'ancien site des Entreprises Jules Kronberg (négociant en charbon). Quelques éléments seront conservés comme la cheminée d'une hauteur de 38 mètres ainsi qu’un bâtiment situé sur le bord du boulevard Lobau.
Pays : France 🇫🇷
Région : Grand Est (Lorraine)
Département : Meurthe-et-Moselle (54)
Ville : Nancy (54000)
Quartier : Nancy Sud
Adresse : 45, boulevard Lobau
Fonction : Logements
Construction : 2021 → 2022
► Architecte : Malot & Associés
► PC n° 54 395 19 R0067 délivré le 11/10/2019
Niveaux : R+6
Hauteur : 25.00 m
Surface de plancher : 12 989 m²
Superficie du terrain : 5 610 m²
Overall Site plan for the Toyota dealership at 4900 Weidemar Lane in Austin, TX
(COA Case #SP-2009-0323C) Circa 2009
Cincinnati, Ohio
Constructed 1902-1903
The 16-story Ingalls Building, still in use today, was the world's first reinforced concrete skyscraper. Its success led to the acceptance of high-rise concrete construction in the United States.
Melville E. Ingalls, for whom the building is named, spent two years convincing city officials to issue a building permit. Skepticism was high, because the existing height record for a concrete building was only six stories.
Ingalls knew that Ernest L. Ransome had been using reinforced concrete since the mid-1800s, analyzing ways to increase its strength. In 1884, Ransome patented the use of twisted steel bars for the reinforcing of concrete. His pioneering efforts helped establish the viability of concrete for large, multi-level buildings.
The 210-foot-high building was designed to act as a monolithic unit, with each floor slab providing a rigid diaphragm to steady the building from wind loads.
For more information on civil engineering history, go to www.asce.org/history.