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Laran (Mars), Turan (Venus), Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo))
An Etruscan bronze mirror [300-270 BCE]
Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome (Inv. 2487)
photo by courtesy of wm; Sailko
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Version-2
Laran (Mars), Turan (Venus), Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo)
An Etruscan bronze mirror from the Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome (Inv. 2487)
This engraved bronze mirror, dating from approximately 300–270 BC, belongs to the rich tradition of Late Etruscan engraved mirrors. The four standing deities are identified by inscriptions engraved around the rim. They read Laran (Mars), Turan (Venus), Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo), leaving no doubt about their identities.
Rather than illustrating a well-known episode from Greek mythology, the engraver arranged the four gods in a carefully balanced composition consisting of two confronting male–female pairs.
On the left, Laran (Mars) faces Turan (Venus). Their close relationship immediately recalls one of the best-known episodes of Greek mythology, the relationship between Ares and Aphrodite. Although no explicit narrative is shown, the intimate dialogue between the two figures conveys an unmistakable sense of mutual attraction. The engraver demonstrates how a few finely incised lines can express remarkable elegance and restrained eroticism.
The right-hand pair consists of Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo). Unlike Laran and Turan, these deities are not linked by any famous love story or other well-established mythological episode. Their pairing therefore appears to be a deliberate compositional choice rather than the illustration of a specific narrative.
One possible interpretation is that the mirror contrasts two complementary spheres of divine power. Laran (Mars) and Turan (Venus) represent the passionate forces of war, desire and physical attraction, whereas Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo) embody wisdom, intellectual achievement, music, healing and the civilising arts. As Musagetes, the leader of the Nine Muses, Apollo also presided over poetry, song and artistic inspiration. While this interpretation cannot be demonstrated with certainty, it accords well with the balanced structure of the composition and may explain why the engraver chose precisely these four deities.
The inscriptions deserve particular attention. Earlier scholars proposed different identifications before the Etruscan names had been securely deciphered. Today there is broad agreement that the figures represent Laran (Mars), Turan (Venus), Menrva (Minerva) and Aplu (Apollo).
Whether the mirror originally conveyed a more specific religious or philosophical meaning remains unknown. Its enduring fascination lies precisely in this openness: it presents not a dramatic myth, but a carefully conceived constellation of divine figures whose relationships invite the viewer to reflect rather than merely to recognise.
chatGPT and I
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commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Etruscan_mirrors_in_t...
(print scan) Senn on static display at the 1991 IAT, Fairford, DH82A Tiger Moth G-APLU was first registered in 1958, ex-RAF T6825, but was then sold abroad, returning to the UK register in 1977 and still active in 2021.
Funerary stele dedicated to Aurelius Aplus by his parents, the mother Apla and the father Aurelius Maximinus.
The stele, because of the depiction of an infant in the niche, has long been studied and interpreted as a funerary monument for a child. The discovery of a second fragment of the inscription made it possible to reconstruct the missing text and confirm that the young Aurelius Aplus actually died after reaching the age of nineteen.
The dating of the monument, proposed on the basis of stylistic considerations (the mother’s expression and the hairstyles of both figures), places it at the end of the 3rd century AD. In particular, the mother’s hairstyle recalls that of Ulpia Severina Augusta, wife of Emperor Aurelian (270–275 AD).
The inscription, CIL V, 1113, integrated with the recently discovered fragment, in its most recent edition, contains the following text:
“D(is) M(anibus) / et perpetuae se[curit]/ati. Aurelio Aplo [f]i[lio]/lo infelicissimo, qui / vixit annis XVIIII, Aurelius Maximi/nus et Apla parentes / uno filio orbati”.
Perhaps already during the 2nd century AD, the formula “perpetuae securitati” is sometimes added to the dedication to the Dis Manibus. Despite the uncertainty of its meaning, it seems to open to the hope of a survival beyond death.
Source - Museum Notice
Limestone stele no. 270
Late 3rd century AD
Aquileia, Museo Archeologico Nazionale
Large scale Etruscan terracotta of Leto, aka Leda, (Latona) holding the infant Apollo (Aplu). This was one of several larger-than-life terracotta statues which stood on platforms atop the Temple of Apollo in the sanctuary of Portonaccio, Veii.
Etruscan, terracotta with pigments, ca. 510 BCE.
Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome
c/n 85094
Built in 1941 for the Royal Air Force with the British military serial T6825.
Sold off in April 1958 and put on the British civil register as G-APLU.
In July 1958 she became F-OBKK in French Guiana and later took up VR-AAY in Anguilla before returning to the UK register as G-APLU in September 1977.
One of the regular ‘Tiger 9 Aeronautical Display Team’ aircraft, she is seen taxiing out to display at the 2017 Edwardian Pageant, Old Warden, Bedfordshire, UK.
6th August 2017
This life-size Etruscan polychrome terracotta statue of Aplu (Etruscan Apollo) originally stood on the peak of the roof of the Temple of Apollo in the Portonaccio sanctuary at Veii. He may have faced a large terracotta statue of Hercle (Etruscan Hercules), fighting over the Golden Hind, both sculptures which have been partially preserved. Etruscan temples displayed terracotta statues on their roofs, with painted terracotta decorations around the eaves.
These sculptures are credited to the 'Master of Apollo', who may have been Vulca - or someone working in his circle - made immortal by Vitruvius describing his work on the Temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill in Rome.
Etruscan, Veii, Latium, Italy, ca. 510-500 BCE. Terracotta with pigments.
Museo Nazionale Etrusco di Villa Giulia, Rome
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☽ TIWS, ENUE (APLUS), SOTEN and DABS & MYLA characters | Bananna Stitch Mid-Juni, 2013 (Photo: Lars Pedersen, edit/stitch: me) ☾ | © Frederik Emil Høyer-Christensen/gbCrates (All Rights Reserved)
we got commisioned to do a cousin of our aplu. this is his cousin that lives on the other side of the mirror
Aplu (Apollo of Veii) bust detail, from the roof of the Portonaccio Temple, Veii, Italy, c. 510-500 B.C.E., painted terra-cotta, 5 feet 11inches high (Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome
31. AP* Art History
*AP Art History is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this content.
G-APLU De Havilland DH-82A Tiger Moth (85094) - De Havilland Moth Club Rally Old Warden Aerodrome 10-06-2006
Aplu (Apollo of Veii) from the roof of the Portonaccio Temple, Veii, Italy, c. 510-500 B.C.E., painted terra-cotta, 5 feet 11 inches high (Museo Nazionale di Villa Giulia, Rome
31. AP* Art History
*AP Art History is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this content.