India Pattern Heliographs

This album is devoted to the heliographs made in India, inspired by Mance's heliograph. Documents from the early 1880s refer to these as Roorkee heliographs, and say that this was the pattern approved in 1875 by the British army in India, and constituted the bulk of the heliographs used in the Afghan and Zulu wars of the late 1870s. Even in the 1911 British signalling manual, Appendix II, "Indian Supplement to the Training Manual Signalling" had a figure of a heliograph that was different in many small ways than the Mance III/IV/V heliographs discussed earlier in the manual.