suRANTo dwi saputra
PUNAKAWAN - story of Javanese people
rich without money
fight without friends
victory without defeat enemy
magic without a spell
This is the attitude of a hero
In Javanese wayang (shadow puppets), the panakawan or panakavan (phanakavhan) are the clown servants of the hero. There are four of them – Semar (also known as Ki Lurah Semar), Petruk, Gareng and Bagong. Semar is the personification of a deity, sometimes said to be the dhanyang or guardian spirit of the island of Java. In Javanese mythology, deities can only manifest themselves as ugly or otherwise unprepossessing humans, and so Semar is always portrayed as short and fat with a pug nose and a dangling hernia.
His three companions are his adopted sons, given to Semar as votaries by their parents. Petruk is portrayed as tall and gangling with a long nose, Gareng as short with a club foot and Bagong as obese.
The panakawan always appear in the second act of a wayang performance – pathet sanga – as servants to the hero of the story regardless of who that hero is.
Similar characters appear in other Indonesian wayang and theatrical traditions, including those of Bali and Sunda, under different names.
The panakawan characters are generally much-loved by audiences who attend wayang plays in Indonesia and their appearance in the plays is usually greeted with laughter and anticipation. However, there are sometimes underlying tensions in Indonesian society between the Hindu elements of Javanese culture which the panakawan characters capture and Islamist religious puritan hardliners who oppose secular and other strains of Javanese culture. In an unusual incident in Purwakarta in West Java in September 2011, for example, four wayang statues (of Gatotkaca, Semar, Bima, and Nakula-Sadewa) were destroyed. [ wikipedia]
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The term punakawan comes from pana which means understanding, and friend which means friend. If you are looking for Punakawan figures in the Mahabharata and Ramayana texts, do not be surprised if the Punakawan figures are not there. Punakawan is a puppet character created by a Javanese poet. According to Slamet Muljana, a historian, the Punakawan figure first appeared in the Ghatotkacasraya literary work by Empu Panuluh in the era of the Kediri Kingdom. Kediri or Kadiri (also known as Panjalu) was a Hindu Javanese Kingdom based in East Java from 1042 to around 1222. Despite the lack of archaeological remains, the age of Kediri saw much development in classical literature. Mpu Sedah's Kakawin Bharatayuddha, Mpu Panuluh's Gatotkacasraya, and Mpu Dharmaja's Smaradhana blossomed in this era. The kingdom's capital is believed to have been established in the western part of the Brantas River valley, somewhere near modern Kediri city and surrounding Kediri Regency.
Four figures of the clownman consisted of Semar and his three children, namely Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong. The Punakawan are shown as cheerful groups with their typical humor to melt the atmosphere. Apart from that, Punakawan also has their own character which is certainly worth exploring deeper.
Semar
One of the characters who is always present in the Punakawan, is told as the main character servant of the story Sahadewa from the Pandawa family. Not only as a servant, but Semar also often gives wise advice to the Pandavas. Semar is described as a patient and wise figure. Head and view of Semar facing upwards, depicting human life so that they always remember the Almighty. The cloth used as a shirt by Semar, namely Semar Parangkusumorojo fabric is an embodiment to memayuhayuning banowo or uphold justice and truth on earth. In Javanese spiritual circles, Semar is considered a symbol of the One.
Gareng
In the Javanese puppet story, Nala Gareng is said to be a child of Gandarwa (a genie of a genie) who was adopted by Semar. Pancalparnor is another name for Gareng which means to reject worldly temptations. Gareng has a limp leg, this teaches that always be careful in acting. In one story, Gareng was once a king, but because he was arrogant, he challenged every knight he met and in a fight, they were balanced.
No one wins or loses, but from that fight. Gareng's face, which was originally beautiful, became ugly. Gareng has a short stature and always bends, this indicates caution, even though he has prospered, but must remain vigilant. His eyes were crossed which indicated he did not want to see things that invited evil. His hands are curved, this illustrates not to usurp the rights of others.
Petruk
Petruk is described as a person who likes to joke, either through speech or behavior. He is the second child appointed by Semar. Another name is Kanthong Bolong, which means to be happy. As a clownman, he is a person who can nurture, keep secret problems, listeners, and always bring benefits to others.
In one story, during the construction of the Sapta Arga temple, the kingdom was left empty. Then the panda of the Kalimasada talisman is gone. The talisman was stolen by Mustakaweni. Knowing this, Bambang Irawan - Arjuna's son - along with Petruk tried to grab the talisman. Finally, the charm was successfully captured by Bambang Irawan and deposited with Petruk. But unfortunately Petruk removes the talisman. Luckily the amulet can be found again, then he apologizes to the Pandavas. Through the story, Petruk wants to remind to take into account every behavior and not be easy to believe in anyone. Then he also taught to dare to admit mistakes.
Bagong
Bagong is the third child appointed by Semar. Told, Bagong is a human who emerges from the shadow. One time, Gareng and Petruk asked to find friends by Semar, then Sang Hyang Tunggal said "Know that your friend is your own shadow" instantly, the figure of Bagong emerged from the shadow.
Bagong's figure is described as short, fat, but his eyes and mouth are wide, which depicts his presumptuous yet honest and powerful character. He often does things in a hurry. From Baagong's hasty attitude, it actually teaches to always take into account what is to be done, so it is not like Bagong. This one puppet character also reminded that humans in the world have various characters and behaviors. Not everything is good, so everyone must be able to understand the character of others, be tolerant, and socialize well
from : www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id
PUNAKAWAN - story of Javanese people
rich without money
fight without friends
victory without defeat enemy
magic without a spell
This is the attitude of a hero
In Javanese wayang (shadow puppets), the panakawan or panakavan (phanakavhan) are the clown servants of the hero. There are four of them – Semar (also known as Ki Lurah Semar), Petruk, Gareng and Bagong. Semar is the personification of a deity, sometimes said to be the dhanyang or guardian spirit of the island of Java. In Javanese mythology, deities can only manifest themselves as ugly or otherwise unprepossessing humans, and so Semar is always portrayed as short and fat with a pug nose and a dangling hernia.
His three companions are his adopted sons, given to Semar as votaries by their parents. Petruk is portrayed as tall and gangling with a long nose, Gareng as short with a club foot and Bagong as obese.
The panakawan always appear in the second act of a wayang performance – pathet sanga – as servants to the hero of the story regardless of who that hero is.
Similar characters appear in other Indonesian wayang and theatrical traditions, including those of Bali and Sunda, under different names.
The panakawan characters are generally much-loved by audiences who attend wayang plays in Indonesia and their appearance in the plays is usually greeted with laughter and anticipation. However, there are sometimes underlying tensions in Indonesian society between the Hindu elements of Javanese culture which the panakawan characters capture and Islamist religious puritan hardliners who oppose secular and other strains of Javanese culture. In an unusual incident in Purwakarta in West Java in September 2011, for example, four wayang statues (of Gatotkaca, Semar, Bima, and Nakula-Sadewa) were destroyed. [ wikipedia]
=====================================================
The term punakawan comes from pana which means understanding, and friend which means friend. If you are looking for Punakawan figures in the Mahabharata and Ramayana texts, do not be surprised if the Punakawan figures are not there. Punakawan is a puppet character created by a Javanese poet. According to Slamet Muljana, a historian, the Punakawan figure first appeared in the Ghatotkacasraya literary work by Empu Panuluh in the era of the Kediri Kingdom. Kediri or Kadiri (also known as Panjalu) was a Hindu Javanese Kingdom based in East Java from 1042 to around 1222. Despite the lack of archaeological remains, the age of Kediri saw much development in classical literature. Mpu Sedah's Kakawin Bharatayuddha, Mpu Panuluh's Gatotkacasraya, and Mpu Dharmaja's Smaradhana blossomed in this era. The kingdom's capital is believed to have been established in the western part of the Brantas River valley, somewhere near modern Kediri city and surrounding Kediri Regency.
Four figures of the clownman consisted of Semar and his three children, namely Gareng, Petruk, and Bagong. The Punakawan are shown as cheerful groups with their typical humor to melt the atmosphere. Apart from that, Punakawan also has their own character which is certainly worth exploring deeper.
Semar
One of the characters who is always present in the Punakawan, is told as the main character servant of the story Sahadewa from the Pandawa family. Not only as a servant, but Semar also often gives wise advice to the Pandavas. Semar is described as a patient and wise figure. Head and view of Semar facing upwards, depicting human life so that they always remember the Almighty. The cloth used as a shirt by Semar, namely Semar Parangkusumorojo fabric is an embodiment to memayuhayuning banowo or uphold justice and truth on earth. In Javanese spiritual circles, Semar is considered a symbol of the One.
Gareng
In the Javanese puppet story, Nala Gareng is said to be a child of Gandarwa (a genie of a genie) who was adopted by Semar. Pancalparnor is another name for Gareng which means to reject worldly temptations. Gareng has a limp leg, this teaches that always be careful in acting. In one story, Gareng was once a king, but because he was arrogant, he challenged every knight he met and in a fight, they were balanced.
No one wins or loses, but from that fight. Gareng's face, which was originally beautiful, became ugly. Gareng has a short stature and always bends, this indicates caution, even though he has prospered, but must remain vigilant. His eyes were crossed which indicated he did not want to see things that invited evil. His hands are curved, this illustrates not to usurp the rights of others.
Petruk
Petruk is described as a person who likes to joke, either through speech or behavior. He is the second child appointed by Semar. Another name is Kanthong Bolong, which means to be happy. As a clownman, he is a person who can nurture, keep secret problems, listeners, and always bring benefits to others.
In one story, during the construction of the Sapta Arga temple, the kingdom was left empty. Then the panda of the Kalimasada talisman is gone. The talisman was stolen by Mustakaweni. Knowing this, Bambang Irawan - Arjuna's son - along with Petruk tried to grab the talisman. Finally, the charm was successfully captured by Bambang Irawan and deposited with Petruk. But unfortunately Petruk removes the talisman. Luckily the amulet can be found again, then he apologizes to the Pandavas. Through the story, Petruk wants to remind to take into account every behavior and not be easy to believe in anyone. Then he also taught to dare to admit mistakes.
Bagong
Bagong is the third child appointed by Semar. Told, Bagong is a human who emerges from the shadow. One time, Gareng and Petruk asked to find friends by Semar, then Sang Hyang Tunggal said "Know that your friend is your own shadow" instantly, the figure of Bagong emerged from the shadow.
Bagong's figure is described as short, fat, but his eyes and mouth are wide, which depicts his presumptuous yet honest and powerful character. He often does things in a hurry. From Baagong's hasty attitude, it actually teaches to always take into account what is to be done, so it is not like Bagong. This one puppet character also reminded that humans in the world have various characters and behaviors. Not everything is good, so everyone must be able to understand the character of others, be tolerant, and socialize well
from : www.goodnewsfromindonesia.id