Ireland - Dublin - Kilmainham Gaol Prision
Irlanda - Dublín - Prision de Kilmainham Gaol
ENGLISH:
Kilmainham Gaol is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising, were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the British.
When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the "New Gaol" to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace – a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol, and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin.
Originally, public hangings took place at the front of the prison. However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham. A small hanging cell was built in the prison in 1891. It is located on the first floor, between the west wing and the east wing.
There was no segregation of prisoners; men, women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell, with only a single candle for light and heat. Most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark, and each candle had to last for two weeks. Its cells were roughly 28 square metres in area.
Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft, the youngest said to be a seven-year-old child, while many of the adult prisoners were transported to Australia.
At Kilmainham the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development. Remarkably, for an age that prided itself on a protective attitude for the "weaker sex", the conditions for women prisoners were persistently worse than for men. As early as his 1809 report the Inspector had observed that male prisoners were supplied with iron bedsteads while females 'lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls.' Half a century later there was little improvement. The women's section, located in the west wing, remained overcrowded. In an attempt to relieve the overcrowding 30 female cells were added to the Gaol in 1840. These improvements had not been made long before the Great Famine occurred, and Kilmainham was overwhelmed with the increase of prisoners.
Since its restoration, Kilmainham Gaol has been understood as one of the most important Irish monuments of the modern period, in relation to the narrative of the struggle for Irish independence. In the period of time extending from its opening in 1796 until its decommissioning in 1924 it has been, barring the notable exceptions of Daniel O'Connell and Michael Collins, a site of incarceration of every significant Irish nationalist leader of both the constitutional and physical force traditions. Thus, its history as an institution is intimately linked with the story of Irish nationalism. The majority of the Irish leaders in the rebellions of 1798, 1803, 1848, 1867 and 1916 were imprisoned there. It also housed prisoners during the Irish War of Independence (1919–21) and many of the anti-treaty forces during the civil war period. Charles Stewart Parnell was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol, along with most of his parliamentary colleagues, in 1881-82 when he signed the Kilmainham Treaty with William Gladstone.
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ESPAÑOL:
Kilmainham Gaol era una cárcel situada en Inchicore, en Dublín, reconvertida hoy en museo.
La cárcel se inauguró en 1796 denominándose New Gaol debido a que sustituía a la antigua cárcel situada unos cuantos cientos de metros de ella.
Kilmainham Gaol ha jugado un importante papel en la historia de Irlanda ya que muchos de los líderes de las revueltas de independencia de Irlanda fueron confinados y recluidos en esta prisión. Muchos de estos presos fueron además ejecutados en esta misma prisión. Las rebeliones de 1798, 1803, 1848, 1867 y 1916 acabaron con sus cabecillas en estas celdas recluidos.
El último preso de la cárcel fue Éamon de Valera que salió de la cárcel el 16 de julio de 1924.
Dentro de la cárcel no había separación de prisioneros por cuestión de sexo ni de edad, así tanto los hombres como las mujeres convivían en las mismas zonas igual que los niños.
En el año 1924 la cárcel se cerró definitivamente sufriendo una remodelación de la década de los 70.
La visita comienza en la capilla de la cárcel que es conocida por ser el lugar en el que Joseph Plunkett se casó con Grace Gifford en las horas previas a su ejecución por el pelotón de fusilamiento. Las siguientes zonas que se visitan son las celdas en las que estuvieron confinados los participantes de la revuelta de 1916. Se visita también el vestíbulo principal de la cárcel tras su remodelación que sirvió de referencia para la construcción de muchas otras cárceles sobre todo en Estados Unidos. La visita concluye en el patio dónde fueron ajusticiados, entre el 3 y el 12 de mayo, los miembros de la revuelta de 1916 y el lugar en el que se ejecutó a James Connolly diferenciado de los del resto debido a su precario estado de salud a consecuencia de las heridas recibidas durante la revuelta. Estas heridas hicieron que se le situara en las cercanías de la entrada debido a su dificultad de trasladarlo.
Ireland - Dublin - Kilmainham Gaol Prision
Irlanda - Dublín - Prision de Kilmainham Gaol
ENGLISH:
Kilmainham Gaol is a former prison in Kilmainham, Dublin, Ireland. It is now a museum run by the Office of Public Works, an agency of the Government of Ireland. Many Irish revolutionaries, including the leaders of the 1916 Easter Rising, were imprisoned and executed in the prison by the British.
When it was first built in 1796, Kilmainham Gaol was called the "New Gaol" to distinguish it from the old prison it was intended to replace – a noisome dungeon, just a few hundred metres from the present site. It was officially called the County of Dublin Gaol, and was originally run by the Grand Jury for County Dublin.
Originally, public hangings took place at the front of the prison. However, from the 1820s onward very few hangings, public or private, took place at Kilmainham. A small hanging cell was built in the prison in 1891. It is located on the first floor, between the west wing and the east wing.
There was no segregation of prisoners; men, women and children were incarcerated up to 5 in each cell, with only a single candle for light and heat. Most of their time was spent in the cold and the dark, and each candle had to last for two weeks. Its cells were roughly 28 square metres in area.
Children were sometimes arrested for petty theft, the youngest said to be a seven-year-old child, while many of the adult prisoners were transported to Australia.
At Kilmainham the poor conditions in which women prisoners were kept provided the spur for the next stage of development. Remarkably, for an age that prided itself on a protective attitude for the "weaker sex", the conditions for women prisoners were persistently worse than for men. As early as his 1809 report the Inspector had observed that male prisoners were supplied with iron bedsteads while females 'lay on straw on the flags in the cells and common halls.' Half a century later there was little improvement. The women's section, located in the west wing, remained overcrowded. In an attempt to relieve the overcrowding 30 female cells were added to the Gaol in 1840. These improvements had not been made long before the Great Famine occurred, and Kilmainham was overwhelmed with the increase of prisoners.
Since its restoration, Kilmainham Gaol has been understood as one of the most important Irish monuments of the modern period, in relation to the narrative of the struggle for Irish independence. In the period of time extending from its opening in 1796 until its decommissioning in 1924 it has been, barring the notable exceptions of Daniel O'Connell and Michael Collins, a site of incarceration of every significant Irish nationalist leader of both the constitutional and physical force traditions. Thus, its history as an institution is intimately linked with the story of Irish nationalism. The majority of the Irish leaders in the rebellions of 1798, 1803, 1848, 1867 and 1916 were imprisoned there. It also housed prisoners during the Irish War of Independence (1919–21) and many of the anti-treaty forces during the civil war period. Charles Stewart Parnell was imprisoned in Kilmainham Gaol, along with most of his parliamentary colleagues, in 1881-82 when he signed the Kilmainham Treaty with William Gladstone.
*******************************************************************************
ESPAÑOL:
Kilmainham Gaol era una cárcel situada en Inchicore, en Dublín, reconvertida hoy en museo.
La cárcel se inauguró en 1796 denominándose New Gaol debido a que sustituía a la antigua cárcel situada unos cuantos cientos de metros de ella.
Kilmainham Gaol ha jugado un importante papel en la historia de Irlanda ya que muchos de los líderes de las revueltas de independencia de Irlanda fueron confinados y recluidos en esta prisión. Muchos de estos presos fueron además ejecutados en esta misma prisión. Las rebeliones de 1798, 1803, 1848, 1867 y 1916 acabaron con sus cabecillas en estas celdas recluidos.
El último preso de la cárcel fue Éamon de Valera que salió de la cárcel el 16 de julio de 1924.
Dentro de la cárcel no había separación de prisioneros por cuestión de sexo ni de edad, así tanto los hombres como las mujeres convivían en las mismas zonas igual que los niños.
En el año 1924 la cárcel se cerró definitivamente sufriendo una remodelación de la década de los 70.
La visita comienza en la capilla de la cárcel que es conocida por ser el lugar en el que Joseph Plunkett se casó con Grace Gifford en las horas previas a su ejecución por el pelotón de fusilamiento. Las siguientes zonas que se visitan son las celdas en las que estuvieron confinados los participantes de la revuelta de 1916. Se visita también el vestíbulo principal de la cárcel tras su remodelación que sirvió de referencia para la construcción de muchas otras cárceles sobre todo en Estados Unidos. La visita concluye en el patio dónde fueron ajusticiados, entre el 3 y el 12 de mayo, los miembros de la revuelta de 1916 y el lugar en el que se ejecutó a James Connolly diferenciado de los del resto debido a su precario estado de salud a consecuencia de las heridas recibidas durante la revuelta. Estas heridas hicieron que se le situara en las cercanías de la entrada debido a su dificultad de trasladarlo.